uphiko lwezilimi kuzweionke nls lugqugquzela futhi lwenza lula ukuxoxisana ngezilimi ezahlukene ekuzameni ukuhambisana nokushiwo umthethosisekelo i nls ilawula ukwehlukahluka kwezilimi emphakathini wethu futhi kuwumthwalo wayo ukwakha ubudlelwano kuzo zonke izilimi zabantu bakuleli ngokusebenzisa lokho okushiwo yinqubomgomo ngenhloso yokuthi kugqugquzelwe ukusentshenziswa kwalezi zilimi kanye nazo zonke izilimi ebezinganakiwe emlandweni wakuleli kwalezi silimi ngenhloso ezahlukene ilawula kwezilimi nemikhankaso izidingongqangi amazulu ongumongo wakuleli umsebenzi ongumongo we nls ukugcina izidingongqangi zomthethosisekelo ngokugqugquzela ukukhuthaza nokuhlinzeka izinsizakalo zokuhumusha nokuhlela kuzo zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni kanye nokulawula ukuwehlukahluka kwezilimi ngokuhlela izilimi nemikhankaso yobuchwepheshe bamagama terminology i nls isebenza njengeziko lonongoti bezilimi abayisisekelo sikahulumeni ngokuhumushela kuzo zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni imibhalo nemiqulu yakwahulumeni bese kuthi uphiko lobuchwepheshe bamagama lona lwelekelela ngokusombulula luthuthukise futhi luzifake izilimi kumgudu ohambisanayo nezikhathi okuphilwa lokhu lukwenza kuzo zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni uphiko lokuhlela izilimi lona lumbandakanya ukwaluleka uhulumeni ngezokuthuthukisa inqubomgomo kwezolimi kanye nezindlela zokwenza lokho kusebenze zulu zulu noma isizulu wulimi lwabantu base ningizimu neafrika abayingxenye yamanguni abantu abakhuluma isizulu babizwa ngama zulu lalela ke isizulu wulimi lwamazulu sikhulunywa abantu bokudabuka abayizigidi eziyishumi nambili million abatholakala ikakhulukazi esifundazweni sakwazulu natal eningizimu afrika isizulu yilona lulimi lokudabuka olukhulunywa kunazozonke eningizimu afrika yabantu ekanti nesigamu sabantu ezweni siyaluqonda lolulimi ngo isizulu sabekwa njengolunye lwezilimu eziyishumi nanye ezisemthethweni eningizimu afrika ngokosolwazi isizulu silandela isiswahili ngokukhulunywa kakhulu ezilimini zabantu njengazo zonke izilimu zabantu isizulu sibhalwa ngezinhlamvu zesilatin ngokwe singisi sase ningizimu afrika lolulimi lubizwa ngendlela yokudabuka kuthiwe isizulu abantu abafudukayo basithatha isizulu baya naso emazweni angomakhelwane ikakhulukazi ezimbabwe lapho khona isindebele sasenyakatho sisondelene kakhulu nesizulu isixhosa esingulimi olukhulunywa kakhulu empumalanga koloni kuthiwa naso njengolimi lwesindebele sicishe sifane nesizulu amazulu njengamaxhosa kanye namanye amanguni sebahlala eningizimu afrika isikhathi eside ulimi lwesizulu lunemisindo eminingi eno qa no ca njengezilimu eziningi zase ningizimu afrika nokungatholakali kwamanye amazwe ase afrika kuyatholakala ukuthi ama nguni ake ahlala futhi nezinye izinhlanga zaseningizimu njengabathwa njalo njalo isizulu njengazo zonke izilimu zokudabuka eningizimu neafrika sasingelona ulimi olubhalwayo lwaze lwaqala ukubhalwa ukufika kwezimishini ziphuma phesheya lezimishini zasibhala isizulu zisebenzisa izinhlamvu zesi latin incwadi yokuqala yesizulu yashicilelwa enorway ngonyaka ka ishicilelwa wumumishini wase norway uhans schreuder ibhuku lokuqala lesizulu kwaba yibhayibheli elihumushiwe nelavela ngo ngo ujohn langalibalele dube owayengumzulu wase natali wavula ohlange institute nokwaba yindawo yokuqala yokufunda yabantu bomdabu eningizimu afrika uyena futhi udube owabhala incwadi ebizwa ngokuthi insila kashaka nokwaba yinovel yokuqala yesizulu omunye wezingqalabutho zababhali besizulu kwakungu reginald dhlomo nowabhala ama novel amaningi omlando ngamakhosi akwazulu udingane ushaka umpande ucetshwayo and udinizulu omunye wezingqalabutho zababhali bezincwadi zesizulu kwakungu benedict wallet vilakazi kanye no oswald mbuyiseni mtshali ukubhalwa kolimi lwesizulu kwakwenganyelwe yizulu language board yakwazulu natal lenhlangano yavalwa yase ilandelwa yipan south african language board nokuyiyona okwamanje eyengamele zonke izilimu eziyishumi nanye zaseningizimu afrika ikwazulu natali yisifundazwe saseningizimu afrika lesifundazwe sinamaphethelo nezifundazwe ezintathu zaseningizimu afrika futhi sinamaphethelo namazwe amathathu okuyi mozambiki iseswazini kanye ne lesotho lesifundazwe sasungulwa ngonyaka ka ngenkathi kuhlanganiswa isifundazwe samabhunu inatali kanye nesizwe samazulu ikwazulu inhloko dolobha yekwazulu natali umgungundlovu kodwa idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke kulesifundazwe itheku iningi labantu abahlala kulesifundazwe amazulu futhi lesifundazwe saziwa eningizimu afrika nasemhlabeni wonke jikelele njenge khaya lamazulu ikwazulu natali isogwini olusempumalanga lesifundazwe siyindabuko futhi nekhaya labantu abanjengo albert luthuli umuntu wokuqala onsundu ophuma ezwenikazi le afrika owanikezwa i nobel peace prize ngonyaka ka pixley ka isaka seme umuntu wokuqala onsundu eningizimu afrika owaba ngu mmeli waphinda wasungula iqembu lezepolitiki okuyilona elikhulu kunawo wonke eningizimu afrika i african national congress anc john langalibalele dube uhulumeni wokuqala weqembu le anc harry gwala ilunga le anc kanye neqhawe lomzabalazo elalwela futhi lakhankasela amalungelo abantu abansundu baseningizimu afrika mangosuthu buthelezi umuntu owasungula iqembu lezepolitiki inkatha freedom party ifp jacob zuma owayengumongameli wezwe laseningizimu afrika kanye no shaka zulu inkosi eyahlanganisa isizwe yamazulu ikwazulu natali inamaphethelo namazwe amathathu okuyi mozambiki iseswatini kanye ne lesotho kulezindawo eningizimu afrika lesifundazwe sinamaphethelo nalezifundazwe ulimi olukhunyulwa kakhulu kunazo zonke izilimi kulesifundazwe isizulu kulandele isingisi kugcine ngesixhosa lezilimi isibhunu isisuthu kanye nesiswazi ziyakhulunywa kulesifundazwe kodwa abantu abazikhulumayo bancane amanyuvesi amakhulu kulesifundazwe imicimbi emikhulu yezemidlalo eyenzeka kwisifundazwe sakwazulu natali izilimi zesinguni ziyisi xhosa isizulu isiswati kanye nesi isindebele izilimi zesinguni zikhulunywa eningizimu afrika ezimbabwe naseswatini igama elithi nguni lithathelwa kuhlobo lwenkomo ebizwa ngokuthi inkomo kanguni igama elithi nguni libuye lisetshenziswe ukuchaza abantu abakhuluma lolu limi izilimi zesinguni ziliqenjana lwezilimi ezibizwa phecelezi ngokuthi i southern bantu languages lezi zilimi zikhulunywa ngendlela ecishe ifane ngakho uningi lwabantu abazikhulumayo bayakwazi ukuzwana nakuba bekhuluma izilimi ezahlukene ochwepheshe kwezezilimi bahlukanisa lezi zilimi zesinguni ngamaqenjana amabili abizwa ngokuthi izunda nguni kanye ne tekela nguni izilimi zesizunda ziyisizulu isixhosa kanyene sindebele sasenyakatho izilimi zesitekela ziyisiswati isiphuti isibhaca isihlubi isicele kanye nesilala isizulu wulimi olukhulu ukwedlula ezinye izilimi zesinguni ezifana nesixhosa isiswati kanye nesindebele ngokuya ngocwaningo amaphesenti angaphezu kwamashumi ayisikhombisa wabantu abakhuluma lolu limi basesifundazweni sakwazulu natal bese abanye basegauteng nasempumalanga akhona amanye amaphesenti wabantu abakhuluma isizulu abasempumalanga koloni isizulu sikhulunywa futhi ngamanguni ahlala ezindaweni ezinjengegoli nasesifundazweni sasempumalanga amanguni angamandebele ngaphambi kokuba ulimi lwabo lube semthethweni bebenza ulimi lesizulu ezikolweni zabo kanti ngokuya ngokomlando inqwaba yothisha ebebefundisa isizulu ngeminyaka yo kwakungamazulu esikhathini esiningi amaswati nanamhlanje basasikhuluma isizulu ngoba phela lezifundazwe ezimbili impumalanga nekwazulu natal zihlukaniswa umkhawulo owodwa uma sesibheka inani labalaleli bomsakazo wesizulu liphezulu kakhulu ngoba lilandela ulimi lwesingisi imetro fm lokhu kuchaza khona ukuthi lolu limi lukamthaniya seludlondlobele kakhulu ngisho nasemelika phela selikhulunywa kwelamangisi ngoba phela isizwe samazulu sinomlando ovelele nesizwe samangisi ezinye izikhulumi zolimi lwesizulu ngingabala umongameli wezwe ujg zuma msholozi osopolitiki ongqongqoshe ocwele cele jeff radebe abaculi esebadlula emhlabeni abafana nojabu khanyile abadlali bebhola usiyabonga sangweni usibisiso zuma nomvethe singabala sithini nabanye abaningi umsakazo wolimi lwesizulu wukhozi fm kanti abanye abasakazi ngolindani sibiya olunye ulimi lwesibili lwesinguni wulimi lwesindebele lolu limi lukhulunywa ngabantu kakahulukazi abahlala esifundazweni sasempumalanga egauteng naselimpopo phela kunesindebele saseningizimu nesasenyakatho isindebele saseningizimu yiso esikhulunywa kakhulu empumalanga nasegauteng naselimpopo kanti isindebele sasenyakatho sikhulunywa kakhulu elimpopo ngoba phela sinezimpawu zolimi lwesipedi hlangana nabantu abakhuluma isindebele ngingabala owayengusihlalo we ncop umninwa mahlangu abadlali bebhola utshepo masilela ndumiso mabhena masango usolomon mahlangu owabulawa ngumbuso we apartheid augustine masilela umculi wesindebele unothembi mkhwebane kanye nabanye kanti isizwe samandebele sidume abapendi noma abadwebi bemibalala umama u esther mahlangu sizomkhumbula njengomunye owaya phesheya wayodweba imoto i bmw ngemibala ekhangayo umsakazo walolu limi yikwekwezi fm ophethwe ngumphathi uphilip mahlangu kanti sithola nabanye abasakazi abanjengomicky rosh skhosana oshadow mbonani okosinathi ntuli nabanye abasakazi ulimi lwesithathu lwesinguni yisixhosa lolu limi lukhulunywa kakhulukazi esifundazwenintshonalanga kapa empumalanga kapa enyakatho kapa nasegauteng ngobukhulu lolu limi lulandela ulimi lwesizulu ngoba luyatholakala egauteng nakwazulu natal phela isifundazwe sasenyakatho kapa nakwazulu natal zisondelene kakhulu hlangana nabantu abaqaqambile abakhuluma lolu limi sibala onelson mandela walter sisulu no oliver tambo kanti nabaculi abaningi abafana nosimphiwe dana gloria bosman zahara siphokazi ringo madlingozi kanye nabanye umsakazo wesixhosa we sabc umsakazo umhlobo wenene onabasakazi abafana noputco mafani opastor coach nabanye ikati noma ingobe isaga esidume kakhulu sekati sithi ikati lilele eziko lezizilwane zingamanono ngoba zihlala zihlanzekile ikati lasekhaya elibizwa nge felis catus noma i felis silvestris catus lincane livame ukuba noboya futhi lidla inyama kaningi libizwa ikati lasendlini noma ngokulula ikati uma ngungekho sidingo sokulihlukanisa kwamanye amakati ayigugu kakhulu kubantu ngoba abantu awathandela ubudlelwano abanalo nabo nokuzingela izinyoka kanye nezinye izilwane ezihluphayo endlini amakati anokufana ngamathambo anatomy namanye ama felids ngemizimba enamandla elulekayo futhi ngokushesha izinzipho ezibukhali kanye namazinyo enzelwe ukubulala izilwanyana ngengama crepuscular predator amakati asebenzisa ukuzwa kwazo okubukhali kanye nokubona cishe ebumnyameni ukuzi abambe akuzingelayo amakati awezwa kuphela imisindo engazwakali ezindlebeni zabantu kodwa zingezwa futhi nemisindo esezingeni eliphezulu high frequency ngendlela yokuthi abantu ngeke bayizwe loku ngengenxa yezilwanyana ezizingelwa ngamakati ezinjengamagundane enza umsindo ophezulu high frequency ngakho izindlebe zekati zishitshile futhi zingakwazi ukuzwa le misindo amakati angakwazi ukunukelela kancono kunabantu ngaphandle kokuba abazingeli amakati athanda ubudlelwane amakati athanda ukuxhumana ngezindlela eziningi ezifana ngokwenza u meau ukupurrr ukuthrillla ukuhisa ukugwavuma kanye nokugranta kanye nokunye ukunyakaza okuthandwa ukwenzwa ngamakati amakati akwazi ukubeletha ngokushesha ukubeletha ngokulawulekile angabeletha futhi abonakale njengezilwane ezibhalisiwe zasendlini into ethandwa ukwanzwa ngabantu ukuhluleka ukulawula inalo yamakati kungabangela ukuthi kube nenani eliningi lamakati alahlwayo kusuka kumakhaya afuye amakati njengoba kwenzeka manje emhlabeni wonke lapho kunamakati abalelwa kwizigidi ezingu zamakati alahliwe e melika kuphela njengoba amakati wayekhonziwe e egypt bekukholelwa ukuthi kwaqalwa lapho ukuthi amakati ayenziwe izilwane zasekhaya kodwa kungahle kube kuqale esikhathini se neolithic ucwaningo lofuzo olwayenziwa ngo lukhombe ukuthi wonke amakati wasekhaya avela emakatini wasendle wase africa african wild cats felis silvestris lybica c bce emaphakathi nempumalanga okwamanje amakati adume kudlula zonke izilwane njengezilwane zasekhaya manje atholakala nanoma yikuphi emhlabeni amazulu yibona abantu abaningi kakhulu lapha eningizimu abeqhawe baningi nje ingenxa yomlando wesizwe sakwazulu omude futhi ojulile amazulu angamanguni futhi ohlobene kakhulu namaswati amaxhosa kanye namandebele amazulu atholakala emozambique emalawi eangola ezimbabwe nasetanzania amazulu akhula kakhulu ngenkathi kubusa inkosi ushaka kasenzangakhona okunguyena owahlanganisa izinhlanga ezahlukene ukuze kube isizwe esisodwa amagama esizulu aseze angena nasolwini lwesingisi futhi uzulu udume umhlaba wonke amazulu yibona abantu abadume kakhulu eafrika ngenxa yeqhaza amakhosi namaqhawe akwazulu alidlala ngenkathi belwa nabelumbi belwela umhlaba wabo uzulu wanqoba amangisi kabili ezimpini ezahlukene into ebingakaze yenzeke kwazise phela isibhamu sasingakaze sihlule umkhonto nesihlangu amazulu aqhamuka phesheya neafrika phecelezi north africa lapho aye yingxenye yesizwe samanguni okwakuyibona abantu basegibhithe bebalekela isomiso sogwadule isahara lapha eningizimu badibana namakhoi san okuyibona abantu bakuleli bokuqala isizulu sikhulunywa yiningi labantu basesouth africa sitholakala emndenini wezilimi obizwa ngokuthi amabantu languages intaba lingimvelo ngokuya ngosolwazi noma ososayenzi bemvelo bathi izintaba zadalwa yizintabamlilo ezenzeka uma kuqubuka okusatshe noma okusamdoko kuphuma emathunjini omhlaba kuphumele ngaphandle bese ngemva kokuthi kome kuphenduke inhlabathi namatshe ngokwenkolo intaba yadalwa ngunkulunkulu lapho umvelinqangi ahlala khona axhumana khona nomuntu kungakho intaba kuyinto eligugu kubantu abamnyama intaba ibaluleke kakhulu kubantu ngoba uma uphezu kwentaba uyakwazi ukubona yonke into ephansi kanti emandulo intaba yayisetshenziselwa ukuqapha izitha ezingase zihlasele isizwe yingakho izinhloli zazihlala entabeni ukuqapha noma ukuvikela isizwe izintaba kunezintaba ezingamagugu esizweni samazulu njengentaba yasesandlwana emajuba ekhongela izintaba zokhahlamba ziningi izimpi ezaliwa lapho angeke uwuqede umlando wamazulu uma ungakhulumanga ngezintaba ngisho nasebhayibhelini ikhona intaba eyayibizwa ngkuthi yintaba yasesinayi lapho umose ahlangana khona nonkulunkulu u abrahama naye wahlangana nothixo entabeni uma umose wasebhayibhelini wayehlangana nonkulunkulu ngasentabeni amasonto amaningi athatha intaba njengendawo engcwele yingakho amasonto amaningi abekwe ezintabeni ezithize zikhona nje izintaba ezingamagugu ezizweni eziningi isibonelo isizwe samazulu sinezintaba ezingamagugu njengezintaba zokhahlamba imajuba nezinye izintaba kanti nesizwe samandebele naso sinazo izintaba ezingamagugu njengomadlayi intaba kayikhonjwa uwuba nomhlopheni imkobola nezinye iintaba ezinomlando wesizwe itheku isingisi durban yidolobha elikwazulu natali ngaphansi komkhandlu we theku ethekwini municipality idololobha lasethekwini yilona elikhulu futhi elinabantu abaningi okudlula wonke amadolobha asesifundazweni sakwazulu natal ichweba lasethekwini lidume ngokuba eliphithizela kunawo wonke ezwenikazi lase afrika okwenza libaluleke kakhulu emnothweni wezwe laseningizimu afrika abantu abangahlali eduze nolwandle bavame ukuvakashela ulwandle khona lapha ethekwini futhi itheku libukwa njengendawo yokuziphumulela itheku liyikhaya leqembu lomboxo elaziwa ngama sharks enenkundla yayo yasekhaya eyaziwa nge kings park stadium ekwazi ukumumatha abantu abayizi itheku liyikhaya leqembu lekhilikithi elaziwa nge natal cricket team kodwa laziwa nge dolpins uma lidlala ikhilikithi ethwenini idlalelwa enkudleni eyaziwa ngegama elthi kingsmead cricket ground okuyinkundla yokudlalela ikhiilikthi kuphela ngonyaka we imidlalo yekhilikithi yomhlaba yabanjelwa ethekwini ethekwini kunemaqembu ebhola amabili aseke adlalela kwipremier soccere league psl okubalwa kuwo amazulu f c kanye golden arrows amazulu adlalela imidlalo yasekhaya enkundleni yase moses mabhida esenkabeni edolobha igolden arrows idlalela imidlalo yayo yasekhaya enkundleni yaseking zwelithini eselokishini lasemlazi ngesinye iskhtahi babuye badlalele enkundleni yase moses mabhida okanye enkundleni yasechatsworth ngenkathi kubanjwelwe indebe yomhlaba yefifa ngonyaka we itheku nalo labe kungelinye lamdolobha abe esingethe lemidlalo enkundleni yase moses mabhida itheku liyiwele nalamadolobha inhlangano yabahlali basemjondolo inhlangano enkulu yabantu abampofu eningizimu afrika akusiyo inhlangano yezepolitiki isebenzisana nabanye abahlali basemjondolo okubalwa kubo nabadayisi basemgwaqeni inamalungu emijondolo engu eyehlukene ikhule ngokuqala kubhikishwe ekennedy road ngomashi umhlaba abawuthenjiswa ukuthi bazokwakhelwa kuwo bathola ukuthi usudayiselwe abacebile lokhu kwabenza bagana unwabu baqonda lapho bavimba ukuthi kuqhutshekwe nokwakhiwa bamashela ku m bashisa amathayi lapho kwaboshwa khona abawu ualfred mdletshe ohlala kukennedy wathi bakhathele ukudlala amakhansela ebadayisa etshela intatheli u fred kockott emva kwalokho abahlali abawu kukennedy bamasha befuna kudedelwe amalungu abo awu kodwa avinjwa ngamaphoyisa ngezinja nesisa esikhalisa unyembezi ngalobobusuku usbu zikode owayengusihlalo ngalesosikhathi emhlanganweni womphakathi wathi sisele sodwa amamashi angekho emthethweni alandelwa amanye ayesemthethweni okwakumashelwa amakhansela angasebenzi yayinabantu abawu kwakungcwatshwa ikhansela mock funeral bazibophezele ukulwela umhlaba nezindlu ukususwa ngenkani emashini eyasukela ku foreman abahlali abawu sebske bamenywa kwi nkulumo mpikiswano ne meya ye theku u obed mlaba ku aikhulume uhlelo olukumabonakude ngo septhemba i gagasi fm lamema u sbu zikode no philani zungu kanye no mnikelo ndabankulu ukuthi bachaza kabanzi ngomzabalazo wabahlali kodwa ababange besafika ngenxa yamaphoyisa ase sydenham police station babavimba babathuka ngezikibha ezibomvu babashaya bahamba nabo e police station lapho bafike baqhubeka nokuba xhaphaza ngesibhaxu u mnikelo bamdabulela isikibha sakhe esibomvu ngoba bethi asingeni e police station bathi bazosenza isikolobho sabo ngakusasa bavela e nkantolo belimele ngenxa yokushaywa kanzima amaphoyisa unsumpa wale police station u glen nayeger wathwetshulwa amanye amaphoyisa eshaya ngesihluku o sbu no philani ebangqubuza ezindongeni nokwa holela ekutheni u philani aquleke nase motala heights kwenziwa isihluku esifanayo sokuhlukunyezwa kwabantu amaphoyisa nakweminye imijondolo eminingi lolu dlame olubhekiswe kwabampofu lusho ukuthi abahlali base mjondolo basahlalelwe umsebenzi omkhulu wokususwa nokufudulwa kwabantu ngenkani ezindaweni zabo abahlali basebenza kanzima beqoqa bafundise imphakathi ngamalungelo abo nokubhekana no masipala ukuthi uma ebahlukumeza kumele bamyise kanjani e nkantolo umzabalazo uyaqhubeka abahlali basemjondolo bayisa uhulumeni wesifunda enkantolo ngokushaywa komthetho wokudilizwa kwemijondolo ngolwesibili safaka isicelo enkantolo ephakeme sicela ukuthi inkantolo iveze ukuthi umthetho wesifundazwe sakwa zulu natal wokudilizwa kwemijondolo awuhambisani nomthewtho sisekelo wezwe namuhla sizwakalisa ukuthi isikhonzi senkantolo sesiwahambisile amaphepha anezethulo zethu kwizikhulu zikahulumeni wesifunda iziphakamiso zethu kanye neze sifunda zisezithebeni ukuze izwe lonke lazi ngazo umthetho wokudilizwa kwemijondolo uwukuhlasela abantu abampofu futhi kuthakaselwa kakhulu izinkampani ezidayisa ngemihlaba nakuba abampofu lokhu kubakhalisa kucaca ngokusobala ukuthi lomthetho usibuyisela emuva emithethweni yobandlululo njengo slums act sika kanye nomthetho ka owawuphikisana nokuhlala endaweni ngaphandle kwemvume namuhla sithi emnyangweni wezezindlu akubekhona ingqungquthela ezothanyelwa izinhlangano ezikhethwe ngentando yeningi ezizoxoxisana nohulumeni ngemithetho nezinhlelo zokwakhiwa kwezindlu ngeke sikwamukele ukuthi kulomzabalazo ongaka singaqhubela silawulwe imigomo engasiphumelelisi ndawo sithi uhulumeni wethu akafunde kwamanye amazwe ngemithetho elawula izinhlelo zokwakhi wa kwezindlu singaphawula amazwe afana nezwe lase brazil kanye nelase thailand sidinga imithetho ezoqinisekisa amalungelo abantu abampofu emadolobheni sidinga imithetho ezoqin isekisa ukuthi imihlaba esemadolobheni yabiwa ngokwezidingo zabantu hayi nje ngokwezidingo zongxiwankulu sidinga imithetho ezovikela abantu abahlala emijondolo ukuthi bangabulawa imililo izikhukhula njengoba kwenzeka e ash road emgungundlovu ukungalandwa kwemfucuza kanye nezifo ezibangelwa ukungabiko kwezindlu zangasese sidinga imithetho ezovimba omasipala ukuthi bachitha imali eningi kwakhiwa izinkundla zemidlalo nezindawo zokungcebelaka sibe thina nezingane zethu sisha nemililo emjondolo namagundane edla izingane kuyinhlamba kithi ukuthi imali iyamoshwa kodwa abantu bebe bebulawa indlala sidinga imithetho ezoqinisekisa ukuthi amadolobha ethu ayindawo ephephile kubantu besimame nezingane nokuthi amaphoyisa azosebenzela abantu kube nogesi womuntu wonke izindlu zangasese eziphephile kanye nezokuthutha ezisezingeni elingcono sidinga imithetho ezoqinisekisa ukuthi kunoxhaso olubhekene nezinkulisa ezindaweni esihlala kuzo imithetho ezovimba ukuthi izizukulwane ezintathu zinqwabelane endlini engamasikwemitha angu ngoba lokho kuthina kuyingcindezelo akusiyo intuthuko sidinga imithetho ezonika izidingo nqangi nezinsiza ezifana nezikhungo zezempilo imitapo yolwazi ezokuthutha ezibiza kangcono izinkundla kubantu abaxoshwa ezindaweni bayiswa ezindaweni ezifana ne parkgate ephoenix kanye nefrance emgundundlovu sidinga imithetho ezonika abantu abampofu amandla okuthatha izinqumo ngendlela abathanda ukuphila ngayo kubeyibo ababamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuhleleni ukuthi indawo yabo yakhiwe kanjani ngokubambisana nohulumeni kungabi nje ukuthi bathathwelwa izinqumo uhulumeni nezinhlangano asebenzisana nazo ngonhlaka september sabhikisha ngobuningi bethu silwa nalomthetho sashaywa abangu phakathi kwethu baboshwa ngomhlaka june sathumela ithimba lethu ephalamende lesifunda ukuyophikisa lomthetho kodwa saphucwa ilungelo lokhuluma ngomhlaka may sabuthana ehholo lomphakathi e kennedy ukuzoveza ngokusobala kuhulumeni ukuthi lomthetho asiwufuni kodwa asizange sinakwe siya enkantolo ngoba siyazi ukuthi enkantolo ngeke sishaywe noma siboshwe noma siphucwe ilungelo lokukhuluma noma singanakwa ngenkathi lomthetho usavivinywa sawufunda umusho ngomusho sizihlukanise ngamaqembu amancane sabe sesenza iziphakamiso saxoxisana namalungu ethu ase thekwini pinetown nase mgungundlovu ngezizathu nangamaphuzu enza sigxeke lomthetho saphinda sahlaba ikhwela lokuthi bonke abathintekayo nabamele ubulungiswa ababhukule babambe iqhaza emkhankasweni wokuqeda lomthetho isikhungo sezomthetho e goli i cals sasabela ngokukhulu ukuzimisela kwabakhona uchungechunge lezingxoxo kuboniswana kwaze kwaba kunohlu olwakhiwayo lwezethulo esilufaka enkantolo ephakeme konke lokhu kwenziwa ngokubambisana nethimba lethu lezincitha buchopho ezingabahlali basemjondolo lelithimba nalo konke elikwenzayo nelikushoyo likuthatha kumalungu ombutho wabahlali basemjondolo abameli abaphuma kwa cals baya enkantolo hayi nje namathemba abantu basemijondolo kodwa namaphuzu okuhlaziya enziwe yibo kanye abahlali basemjondolo siya batusa kakhulu abakwa cals ngabakwenzile kukho konke ukuboshwa esake sabhekana nako kusikela ngo akukho nelilodwa ilungu lethu eselake latholakala linecala asikaze futhi sihlulwe enkantolo uma siyisa uhulumeni sahlula imenenja yetheku iphikisa imashi yethu ngo sahlula umasipala echitha imijondolo ngokungemthetho ngo ngokubambisana nabameli bakwa lrc nabo futhi sibatusa kakhulu namuhla usuku olukhulu kithina bahlali basemjondolo ngoba siyabona ukuthi asisodwa sizwakalisa ukweseka kwethu bonke abahlali basemjondolo abalwisana nokuchithwa kwemizi yabo egameni lokuqedwa kwemijondolo ikakhulukazi ozakwethu basekapa abaphikisana nokuxoshwa ngenkani siseka yonke imizamo yabo yokuzicabangela nokuzenzela nokuhola umzabalazo wabo siseka nemizabalazo yabantu abathengisa izimpahla ukudla nezithelo emgaqweni siseka abahlali basemapulazini abayingxenye yemizabalazo elwa nokudilizwa kwezindlu zabo ukudliwa kwemfuyo nokuxoshwa emapulazini ikakhulukazi abahlali base nkwalini siseka nomzabalazo wabahlali basezimbabwe abadilizelwa izindlu zabo ngaphansi kohlelo imurambatswina siseka umzabalazo wabahlali basehaiti abalwa nokucindezelwa ngamazwe ayizikhondlakhondla njengemelika wonke umuntu ubalulekile ngakho udinga ukuvikeleka kanye nokuhlonishwa kwesithunzi sakhe asikwamukeli ukuthi abantu abampofu baphila emijondolo abanye bahlala ezindlini ezingekho esimweni esamukelekile kumele siqhubeke nokwakha izikhungo zethu zokuhlaziya amacebo okunqoba kulomzabalazo asilwe nokuxoshwa ngenkani siqhubezele phambili umzabalazo womhlaba nezindlu kuwo wonke amadolobha izindawo esihlala kuzo zingamakhaya kithi akusiyo nje imijondolo yokudilizwa phansi nomthetho ogunyaza ukudilizwa kwemijondolo islums act abahlali basemjondolo shaka kasenzangakhona c c ngomandulo ushaka ngelinye lamaqhawe esizwe sakwazulu inkosi ushaka kasenzangakhona kajama waye yinkosi yesizwe sakwazulu umntakandaba wathatha isihlalo sobukhosi mhla kukhothama uyise ingonyama usenzangakhona kajama umlando kanodumehlezi kamenzi uphinde udungwe amanga nezinganekwane kodwa ke lana sizame ukukhethela umlando okuyiwona ocwengekile ushaka uzalwa indlovukazi unandi kabhebhe nenkosi usenzangakhona kajama mhla efika emhlabeni ushaka uyise wayesevele esiphikile isisu sika nina wathi akakhulelwe uphethwe isishaka isifo samathumbu esiqumbisa isisu ngenxa yokuphikwa nguyise ushaka nonandi babehambe behlala behlukumezeka behlekwa kuthiwa ulaka lukashaka latshaleka ngaso lesisikhathi behlukumezeka benonina nodadewabo omncane unomcebo kasenzangakhona ushaka wayesezikhandele ugazi nenkosi yakwamthethwa udingiswayo wakhonza ngaphansi kadingiswayo njengomholi webutho kulapha ushaka akhombisa ubuhlakani bakhe ngokukhanda izindlela ezintsha zokulwa nokuguqula izikhali wabona ukuthi amabutho agijima kancane uma embathe izingxabulelo wathi zingasagqokwa kanti futhi nesihlangu ihawu siyasinda futhi umkhonto mude kakhulu futhi ethi kukhombisa ubugwala ukugwazela kude ubuhlakani bukashaka bamenza umuntu ohlonishwa kakhulu futhi bemsaba kamthethwa zulu inkosi uzwide kalanga ibongwa kuthiwe izibuko elimadwala abushelelezi lashelela umalusi wasengoleleni lashelela udingiswayo waseluyengweni le misho iyakufakazela ukuthi inkosi udingiswayo yakhothama emva kokubulawa kukamalusi kamanukuza nxumalo engoleleni lesi senzo senkosi uzwide unonkonkela abantu bahlatshwe sayiphatha kabi inkosi udingiswayo nokho yayisi libekile ilembe ebukhosini bakwazulu phela ilembe nenkosi udingiswayo kanye nongwadi kagendeyana bathi bezwa kwesakwamthethwa ukuthi ithe itshalwa inkosi usenzangakhona umntwana umudli kankwelo kandaba nomntwana umkabayi kajama kandaba babeka inkosi usigujana kasenzangakhona ukuba abuse uzulu lokhu kwamdina kakhulu okajobe wayesethi kufanele kuhambe ungwadi kagendeyana qwabe umfowabo welembe ukuba ayongena kwazulu afike aqambe amanga athi inkosi udingiswayo ilibulele ilembe acele nokuhlala khona kwanobamba nangempela wamukelwa ungwadi wasondela kakhulu enkosini usigujana yacela nokuba afundise isizwe ukulwa ngoba wayebuya esizweni esasilwa sakwamthethwa kwathi ehla eyogeza emfuleni okasenzangakhona nongwadi wehla naye wafika wamcwilisa wagwiliza waze wakhothama okasenzangakhona wase ebaleka ungwadi ephindela kwamthethwa eseyotshela inkosi udingiswayo ukuthi useyibulele inkosi usigujana inkosi udingiswayo yase ikhipha ibutho lezichwe elalihlala emangweni wakhipha nenhlangano beholwa ngungomane kamqomboli katshana kasode kangubo mdletshe bafika ilembe lithukuthele kwazulu bangena kwanobamba obambe amadoda kwathi umntwana umudli kankwelo walibona kuqala kwazise phela umntwana umkabayi wayeligcine liselincane liselusa izinkomo zenkosi usenzangakhona lahamba seliyeke izinja zadla imvu lafika ilembe labanemibuzo eyayibheke kumntwana umudli kankwelo eyaholela ekubulaweni kwakhe umntwana umudli wacela ukuhamba ngejozi enqaba iwisa lase libuthatha ubukhosi ilembe kuthe selibusa inkosi uzwide yase ibulala umalusi kamanukuza nxumalo kuthe inkosi udingiswayo engayobuza kwanongoma ngokubulawa kwakhe nayo yanqunywa inkosi uzwide yase icela ukuganiselana nalo ilembe lenqaba lathi ngeke liganiselane nomthakathi untombazi lokhu kwamdina kakhulu okalanga ilembe lase liqedile ngenkosi umondisa kajobe mthethwa owathatha ubukhosi emva kokukhothama kwenkosi udingiswayo inkosi umondisa ilembe liyigasela nje yingoba yayibulala izinduna ezazifuna ubukhosi buthathwe zingane zenkosi udingiswayo esikhundleni sakhe wase ebaleka ungomane kamqomboli mdletshe elibhekisa kwazulu lapho wafika wabikela ilembe ngesenzo senkosi umondisa kajobe ilembe lase liyiphaka iholwa ngundlela kasompisi ntuli intontela lafika lachitha okajobe latha ondlunkulu bakhe osogidi nonompiva ilembe labanikeza undlela kasompisi ntuli unompiva wazala umavumengwana kandlela usogidi wazala umpumela kandlela umpumela kandlela uyena owathatha ubukhosi emva kokukhothama kukamfowabo ondini kuhlasela umntwana uzibhebhu kamaphitha kasojiyisa zulu lapho kwasala iqhawe unobiya kasotobe kamphangalala sibiya umntwana uhayiyana kamaphitha zulu ugodide kandlela ntuli namanye amaqhawe ayevimbe impi esangweni ondini ilembe lase lithatha amabutho akwamthethwa liwafaka kulawa akwazulu okubalwa kuwo isifazane esasiholwa ngunohaya kangabha kansindana mwandla iningizimu iholwa ngumalanda kaveyana mkhwanazi imini iholwa ngunomadidi kagugushi mthembu namanye mabutho akwamthethwa angeza kulawa akwazulu okubalwa kuwo udlambedlu liholwa nguzaviyana kandlongo ncwane umgumanqa liholwa ngumkhehlengana kankomfiya kanongandaya ncwane nondwabili kagwala kamanyala isiphezi liholwa nguntintinti kasompisi ntuli namanye ilembe lalikhule nezinsizwa ezazizalwa ngungomane kamqomboli mdletshe omudwa kangomane webutho ihlaba umagidi kangomane webutho indlondlo ukhazana kangomane webutho ihlaba maningi amanye amaqahwe ayekhule nawo okasenzangakhona nab omapholoba kangomane webutho izinyosi ilembe alikaze lihlangane nodonda weziziba mhla kukhotheme inkosi usenzangakhona akuwona umlando oqondile osho lokho ngoba lowo mlando uthi ilembe lathatha ubukhosi inkosi udingiswayo isikhotheme kwamthethwa futhi uyakucisha ukuthi inkosi usigujana yakhothama ngezwi lenkosi udingiswayo awucacisi kahle lowo mlando ukuthi ilembe lalingayo lila kanjani kwazulu ngokukhothama kwenkosi usenzangakhona ngoba lalingamuthandi uyise futhi kuhlanganiswa isu lokudlisa inkosi usenzangakhona oyengweni lali vele lingenayo inkinga nalokho yilona nayo inyanga uhubhu kabhejane mpanza kanye nenkosi udingiswayo nongwadi kagebdeyana abahalanganisa lelosu kuthe ingakhothama inkosi udingiswayo inkosi uzwide yase iqala umshikashika nelembe kwabazinkani zababili ilembe lase liwaphethe amaqhawe kodwa amaningi asala empini yakwanomvemve okubalwa kuwo iqhawe uhlathi kancindi kantopho ntshangase ilembe libhekene nenkosi uzwide esiwombeni sesibili lapho ilembe lagwaza kwazwela kwanongoma umbhoxo iraghbi uhlobo lomdlalo othi awufani nomdlalo webhola lezinyawo kulo mdlalo ku kudlalwa ngebhola ilimise okweqanda leli bhuthi ola kugijinywa nalo libanjwe ngezandla kanti futhi libuye likhahlelwe ngezinyawo uma sekushaywa i penalti lo mdlalo ubuye ufake phakathi ukusunduzana ngenkathi kuzanywa ukuba kuthathelwane ibhola kanti ebholweni lombhoxo kudlala abadlali abayishumi nanhlanu izingxenye zombili kanti abadlali badlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene kanti benza imisebenzi ehlukile ukwakheka kwebhola lombhoxo akufani nebhola lezinyawo ngoba lombhoxo lakhekhe njengeqanda liyakhahlelwa ngenyawo bese kugijinywe libanjwe ngezandla liphoswe kwabanye abadlali kwenziwa njalo kuyagijinywa kuyiwa phambili kanti lo mdlali ophonselwayo kufanele abe semuva kwalo mdlali ophonsayo lapha kusebenza amaphuzu amaphoyinti phela lapha abanye abadlali bayajeziswa ngokudlala kabi nangokungalandeli imithetho yomdlalo kukhona okubizwa ngokuthi yiphenali penalty kanti yona uma ikhahlelwe yangena ezintini iqembu elishaye igoli linikezwa amaphuzu amathathu kulandele lapho umdlali weqembu elinye wakwazi ukwenqa umugqa ekugcineni kwebala lelinye iqembu ayokubeka ibhola phansi lelo qembu linikezwa amaphuzu amahlanu libizwa ngokuthi phecelezi try kanti ihamba nelungelo lokukhahlela ibhola lingene ezintini ezinde lokho kubizwa ngokuthi yi conversion unompempe ongaphakathi kwenkundla uba yedwa kanti kube khona abancedisi bakhe abama emigqeni ngaphandle kwenkundla iqembu elifake amaphuzu amaningi yilo kanye elinqobayo iningizimu afrika ingelinye lamazwe asatshwa kakhulu ngomdlalo wombhoxo kanti iqembu lesizwe lombhoxo libizwa ngokuthi amabhokobhoko springbok ngikusho lokhu ngoba ukusukela ngombuso wentando yeningi seyike yanqoba izindebe ezimbili zalomncintiswano wendebe yomhlaba iningizimu afrika yanqoba ngo yaphinda futhi yanqoba ngo kanti kulomnyaka ka iye yaphuma isithathu uma sikhuluma ngabadlali abamkantshubomvu kulomdlalo singakhuluma ngobani uma singakhulumi ngo brian habana jb pieterse victor matfield schalk burger kanye nabanye asebathatha umhlala phansi abanjengo john smit os du preez nabanye abaningi futhi izinxoxo ezixoxelwa izingane zixoxwa umama wezingane noma ugogo yingxoxo exoxwa ngolimi olwejwayelekile ephathelene nezehalakalo zabalingiswa nezehlakalo zabalingiswa okungaba abantu noma izilwane leli yiqoqo lezindaba ezidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngokomlomo ngokosiko izinganekwane zabe zixoxwa kusihlwa ngenxa yenkolo yokuthi uma zixixwa emini abantu bazomila izimpondo izinganekwane zivame ukuba zixoxwe ngumuntu omdala okuvamiuse ukuba ngugogo noma umkhulu uxoxela abazukulu bakhe ngenxa yokuthi zazidluliselwa ngokomlomo abasunguli bazo abaziwa izinganekwane zingahlukaniseka kathathu okubalwa kuzo lezi inganeko umzekelo kanye nensumansumane uhlolobo lwengakewane evame ukuthinta inkolo iphathe unkulunkulu noma imimoya inhloso yayo ukuveza imvelaphi yezinto ezithile imvamasa yamukelwa njengeyiqiniso ngaphandle kokuncika enkolweni inganeko ingabuye ichaze ngokuvela kwezinto njengabantu ukufa kanye nokunye inganekwane eyaziwa kakhulu ewulolu hlobo yileyo ekhuluma ngonkulunkulu ethuma unwabu ukuba lithuma abantu ngeke bafe wathuma intulo ukuthiu iyotshela abantu ukuthi bazofa intulo yafika kuqala ngenza ngonxa youkuthiu ihamba ngesivinini kulenganekwane kuvezae ukuthi kusukelaphi ukufa kwabantu uhlobo lwenganekwane ethinta isigameko esiqanjiwe kokunye esake senzeka ngempela ithinta abantu abake baphila kokunye ithinte izindawo ezaziwayo kuye kufakwe into engakholeki ukuthi yenzeka ivame ukugxila emasikweni nasekunqubweni yaleso sizwe izindkikmba ezitholalaka nagaphansi kwemizekeliso kubalwa izimpi kanye nokufuduka kwezizwe uhlobo lwenganekwane evama ukuxoxwa uma kuchithwa isizungu ngokujwayelekile lezin zinganekwane zisuke ziqanjiwe kodwa ziba nesifundo esithile ziba nabalingiswa okungaba abantu noma izilwane eziziphathisa okwabantu zivama utkuthinta izinto nje ezejwayelekile kubantu njengomon ukungathemebeki ubuqili ukungalaleli kanye nokunye indlu indawo eyakhiwe yambhozeka phezulu eyenzelwe ukuba kuhlalwe noma kusetshenzelwe kuyo indlu yezinsizwa ibizwa ngokuthi ilawu isaga sesizulu sithi indlu yegagu iyanetha indlu yisakhiwo esisebenza njengekhaya zingasukela ezindlini ezilula ezifana nezindawo zokuhlala eziyinqaba yezizwe eziguqukayo kanye nemijondolo ethuthukisiwe emijondolo ibe yizakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinqunyelwe zokhuni izitini ukhonkolo noma ezinye izinto eziqukethe amapayipi umoya omncane kanye nezinhlelo zikagesi izindlu zisebenzisa uhla lwezinhlelo ezihlukene zophahla ukugcina imvula efana nemvula ingangeni endaweni yokuhlala izindlu zingaba neminyango noma okhiye ukuvikela indawo yokuhlala futhi zivikele abantu bakhona nokuqukethwe ezebelweni noma kwezinye iziphambeko izindlu eziningi zesimanje ezijwayelekile kumasiko asentshonalanga azoba namakamelo okulala elilodwa noma amaningi ekhishini noma indawo yokupheka nendawo yokuhlala indlu ingaba negumbi lokudlela elihlukile noma indawo yokudlela ingahlanganiswa kwelinye igumbi ezinye izindlu ezinkulu enyakatho melika zinezindawo zokuphumula uhlaka lwenhlalo oluhlala endlini lwaziwa ngokuthi yindlu okuvamisile ukuthi ikhaya liwumndeni wohlobo oluthile yize amakhaya nawo engaba amanye amaqembu omphakathi anjengamagumbi ahlala kuwo noma endlini enamagumbi abantu abangaxhumani some houses are housing for a family or group many family homes are called large houses or townhouses indlu ingahle ihambisane nokwakhiwa okwakhiwayo njengegaraji lezimoto noma indawo yokusebenzela engadini namathuluzi indlu ingaba negceke elingemuva noma igceke langaphambili elisebenza njengezindawo ezengeziwe lapho abahlali bengaqabula noma badle khona imifino uhlobo lwezitshalo ezimila engadini eziningi zakhona ziyaphekwa ngaphambi kokuba zidliwe kodwa ezinye ziyadliwa zingaphekiwe imifino engadliwa ingaphekiwe ifaka phakathi utamatisi ukharoti nokunye okuningi imifino lena inezakhimzimba eziningi ezahlukahlukene futhi ezibaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu imifino idliwa ngokuhluka kwezitho zawo eminye idliwa ingamacabunga njengombhido eminye iyizimpande njengokharoti eminye ingamagaja njengommbila kubalulekile ukuba sidle imifino njengoba yenza imizimba yethu ibenamandla lamandla siwathola ngoba yona imifino iyakwazi ukudal izakhamzimba ngelanga noma ukushisa ngomoya futhi nangamanye amaphunga thina esingawathandi isibonelo abantu basebenzisa umanyolo onganuki kamnandi ukuze benze ummbila imkhulu nomnandi kodwa thina singabantu asikwazi ukuzenzela ukudla okunempilo ngaphandle kokuba sikhosele kwezinye izinto kwimifino ungathola izakhimzimba ezifana novithamini amaminerli nokunye okwenza umuntu akhule kahle nelson rolihlahla mandela m ae n d l xhosa   julayi disemba kwaba zaseningizimu afrika sobandlululo wamavukelambuso umholi wezombangazwe futhi umuphi owakhonza njengesithunywa umongameli waseningizimu afrika kusukela ngo kuya wayengumuntu ikhanda lokuqala wezwe black zekhethelo ngowokuqala akhethwe ngendlela omele ngokugcwele ukhetho yeningi uhulumeni wakhe wagxila ekunciphiseni ifa lobandlululo ngokulwa nobandlululo oluyisikhungo futhi wagqugquzela ukulugiswa kwengxabanongokobuhlanga ideologically isizwe sase afrika kanye sezenhlalo wakhonza njengephayona umongameli we african national congress anc party kusukela ngo kuya ku abantu abangama xhosa umandela wazalelwa emndenini wasebukhosini abathembu emvezo ebritish south africa ufunde umthetho e university of fort hare nase university of witwatersrand ngaphambi kokusebenza njengommeli egoli lapho wazibandakanya kwipolitiki elwa nobumboni kanye nobuzwe base afrika wajoyina i anc ngonyaka we futhi wabumba inhlangano yentsha yayo ngo ngemuva kokuthi uhulumeni we national party omhlophe kuphela asungule ubandlululo okuwuhlelo lokubandlululwa ngokobuhlanga oluhlomulisa abelungu yena ne anc bazibophezela ekubhukuleni umandela waqokwa njengomongameli wegatsha le transvaal le anc wenyuka waba yimbangi ngokubandakanyeka kwakhe emkhankasweni wokuhlubuka ngo kanye necongress of people yango waphinde waboshwa ngenxa yemisebenzi yokuvukela umbuso futhi wamangalelwa ngecala lokuzama ukuqulwa kwecala lika ethonywe umarxism wajoyina ngasese iqembu laseningizimu afrika lamakhomanisi i sacp elivinjelwe nakuba ekuqaleni uzibophezele ezingenalo udlame sikanye isacp co wasungula nenkani wesizwe ngo futhi lokho kwaholela ukuketula umkhankaso ulwa nohulumeni waboshwa wagqunywa ejele ngo kwathi ngemuva kwalokho wagwetshwa udilikajele ngokuqothula umbuso ngokulandela icala laserivonia umandela wadonsa iminyaka engama ejele wahlukanisa phakathi kwerobben island nepollmoor prison nevictor verster prison phezu kokucindezela okukhulayo kwasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe futhi ngokwesaba impi yombango yobuhlanga umongameli ufw de klerk wamkhulula ngonyaka we umandela no de klerk bahola imizamo yokuxoxisana ngokuphela kobandlululo okwaholela okhethweni jikelele lwezinhlanga ezi lapho umandela ahola khona i anc yanqoba futhi yaba ngumongameli ehola uhulumeni wobumbano obanzi owamisa umthethosisekelo omusha umandela wagcizelela ukubuyisana phakathi kwezinhlanga zezwe futhi wasungula nekhomishini yamaqiniso nokubuyisana ukuze iphenye ukuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo abantu okwedlule ngokwezezomnotho ukuphathwa kukamandela kugcina uhlaka lwenkululeko lwalowo owabe eyandulela leyo yize ayenezinkolelo zakhe zokuhlalisana nabanye futhi wethula nezindlela zokukhuthaza ukubuyiswa komhlaba ukulwa nobuphofu kanye nokwandisa izinsizakalo zezempilo emhlabeni jikelele wasebenza njengomlamuli ecaleni lokuqhuma kwamabhomu ipan am flight futhi wasebenza njengonobhala jikele wenhlangano engahlanganyeli kusukela ngo kuya ku unqabile ihlandla lesibili likamongameli kwathi ngo kwathathelwa isikhundla yiphini lakhe umnuz thabo mbeki umandela waba yisikhulu esidala futhi wagxila ekulweni nobuphofu kanye negciwane lesandulela ngculaza kanye nengculazi ngenelson mandela foundation indlela yokudlulisa umyalezo phakathi kwabantu abakhuluma izilimi ezingafani iskhathi esiningi abantu bavamise ukuphambanisa ukutolika nokuhumusha lezi izinto ezimbili ezihlukene kodwa zombili zincike olimini kanye nase kushintsheni umyalezo usuka kolinye ulimi uya kolunye ukutolika kuyizinhlobo ezimbili kukhona indlela yokutolika lapho khona utolika elinda isikhulumi sikhulume ebese siyathula athathe lapho utolika bese kuba enye indlela lapho utolika ekhuluma cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo nesikhulumi kulendlela yokuqala bakhuluma ngokushintshana utolika nesikhulumi kanti kweyesibili akudedelwana kodwa khona kunjalo utolika akahambisani ngqo nesikhulumi ukutolika kungabukeka njengengento elula futhi engenziwa inoma ubani kodwa cha akunjalo ukutolika kungumkhakha ofundelwayo ngoba kunezindlela ezilandelwayo uma kutolikwa umuntu angeke nje avele azazi ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa zikhona izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme ezicija abantu kulomkhakha izindlovu igama lesayensi elephantidae ziyizilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala e afrika ne eshiya zimbili izinhlobo zezindlovu yilezo okuthiwa indlovu yase afrika loxodonta nendlovu yase eshiya elephas izindlovu yizilwane ezikhulu emhlabeni wonke futhi yizilwane zihlakaniphile kakhulu kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili zezindlovu e asia futhi e africa zahlala indawo yonke yase afrika abantu bahlaba izindlovu ngoba bafuna izinyo lendlovu la mazinyo ayigugu kodwa manje ezizweni zikhulu zingavumelani nomthetho ukuzithengisa izindlovu zinamandla zinkulu zinesikhumba esibambene noma esihlangene kodwa zithanda ukuzibhaceka ngoba udaka luvikela izikhumba zazo elangeni futhi kwizilwanyaze izindlovu zinezindlebe ezinkulu lezi zindlebe ziyazigwagwaza futhi zisiza ukuzipholisa kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili zezindlovu emhlabeni namuhla izindlovu zihlala emihlambeni kodwa izinkunzi zahlala oyedwa uma amavukana ane izinsuku zishiye umhlambi futhi ahlala kanye namavukana nentanga akhe izindlovu zingaphila ngaphezu kuna noma iminyaka kodwa ziyafa uma amazinyo azo edleka futhi azingadli kahle izindlovu zisaba abantu kuphela kodwa uma zibuthakathaka amabhubhesi angazibulala i youtube iyiwebhusayithi lapho ungabuka amavidiyo alayishwe abantu abaningi abavela kumhlaba jikelele ungadala i akhawuntu nawe ukuze ulayishe ividiyo le webhusayithi ethandwa kakhulu yintsha kamye nabantu abadala idume kakhulu emelika ngoba kulapho yasungulwa khona ungadala amavidiyo ngelimi lakho futhi ngokuzithandela kodwa i youtube inemigomo nemibandela kumele uqaphele ukuthi ulayisha ini ngoba kungahle kube nabantu abafuna ukukulimaza abafuna ukwazi ukuthi uhlala kuphi akumele ulayishe ividiyo ngenhloso yokulimaza omunye omuntu akumele ulayishe ividiyo enobunqunu akumele ulayishe ividiyo enyanyisayo lokhu eminye imigomo nemibandela ekhona ku youtube uma uthanda ungazifundela yona ku www youtube com uma ungalayisha ividiyo ehlukumeza omunye umuntu ividiyo yakho ingahlatshiwa umkhosi makuqeda isusiwe ku youtube umphakathi we mkhulu kakhulu i youtube ingatholakala manje ngolimi lwesizulu manje usengathola lewebhusayithi ngolimi lakho isizulu izifundazwe ezihlangene zasemelika izwekazi yimelika nyakatho inezifundazwe ama umongameli wemelika manje ngujoe biden izifundazwe ezibumbene zase melika ezifinyezwa ngokujwayelekile njengezifundazwe ezibumbene imelika yakhiwe amazwe amaniningi kanye nezifundazwe ezihlukahlukene ezihlangene ngawonye ukuthi zibe yimbumba zaziwe emhlabeni wonke njengezwe elilodwa elibizwa nge melika imelika ingelinye lamazwe amakhulukazi emhlabeni wonke jikelele ngokuba nabantu abaningi abahlala kulo abalinganiselwa ngaphezulu kwamakhulu amathathu wezigidi laba bantu abahlala kulezwe bavela ezinhlangeni ezahlukene kukhona abantu abamnyama kube khona abelungu kube khona amashayina kanti kuphinde kube khona amandiya imvamisa yamandiya aziwa njengama red indians ngokuthanda ukuzigcoba ngokubomvu futhi bahlale ndawonye imelika yizwe lesibili ngobukhulu bomnotho emhlabeni ilandela izwe lase shayina miningi imikhiqizo ephuma kuleli lizwe ethunyelwa emazweni angaphandle kanti futhi iningi losozimali liqhamuka kuleli lizwe imelika isibe nomongameli abaningi kodwa kwaqopheka umlando lapho kubekwa khona ubarack obama njengo mongameli wokuqala womdabu ukuthi aphathe lelizwe ngonyaka ka enyangeni ka september kwenzeka umshophi lapho kwaphahlazeka izindiza ezine ezimbili zazo zanhlitheka kumabhilidi akade aziwa ngokuthi yi twin towers lokhu kwahlala emlandweni kuze kube namuhla imelika iyizwe elikhangayo futhi elivakashelwa abantu abaningi emhlabeni jikelele the united states of america usa nobe usa sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i united states us nobe us emelika kanti ngezinye izikhathi united kuyinto republic federal ehlanganisa uthi futhi esifundeni sikahulumeni lithi contiguous nasewashington dc kukhona enkabeni nyakatfo melika ephakathi canada ne mexico isimo alaska kuyinto ingxenye ntshonalanga yenyakatho melika kanye isimo ehawaii kuyisici leziqhingi maphakathi nawo pacific yezwe unabo ezinhlanu enabantu nesishiyagalolunye amasimu unpopulated epacific kanye ecaribbean ka million amakhilomitha skwele million km kanye nabantu abayi million abantu i united states emhlabeni noma th ngobukhulu izwe by endaweni inani nowesithathu ngobukhulu by labantu ingenye kunazo abase izizwe zezwe ezihlukahlukene amaningi umkhiqizo ezinkulu kwamanye amazwe ezivela emazweni amaningi i geography kanye sezulu united states futhi ezihlukahlukene kakhulu futhi kuba kumuntu ezihlukahlukene zasendle ekhaya paleo amandiya bafudukela kusukela eurasia kulokho manje ezwenikazi us azungeze edlule nge ikoloni european kusukela ngekhulu le the united states saphuma amakoloni wasebrithani akhiwe egudle seaboard atlantic izimpikiswano emkhatsini great britain nalaba amakoloni kwaholela american revolution ngo july njengoba amakoloni elwa great britain in the american revolutionary war izihambeli ezivela amakoloni eyakhishwa ngazwilinye declaration of independence impi yaphela ngo kanye nokubhekelelwa uzibuse united states kusukela kingdom of great britain futhi kwaba impi yokuqala ngempumelelo uzibuse elithweswe umbuso zamakoloni european umthethosisekelo yamanje elamukelwa ngo september eyokuqala izichibiyelo eziyishumi bebonke okuthiwa i bill of rights base izibophezele ngo uqiniseke abaningi amalungelo yombango lasisekelo kanye nenkululeko beqhutshwa imfundiso zibonakale ikusasa united states baqala ukwanda eyingqabavu yonkana nyakatfo melika kulo lonke ikhulu le lokhu ababehilelekile displacing zakwa bomdabu nizuza amasimu amasha futhi kancane kancane ukuvuma uthi ezintsha the american war civil yaphela kobugqila zomthetho kuleli lizwe ekupheleni kwekhulu le i united states enwetshiwe epacific ocean kanye nomnotho walo kwaba emhlabeni ngobukhulu abasespain american war kanye nempi yezwe i ukuqinisekisile isimo wezwe njengoba amandla global ezempi the united states saphuma impi yezwe ii njengendlela ukubangisana kwemibuso emikhulu global lizwe lokuqala ngezikhali zenuzi futhi ilungu unomphela united nations security council ekupheleni kwempi yomshoshaphansi kanye kuqedwa union washiya united states njengoba ukubangisana kwemibuso emikhulu yedwa usuku lwenkululeko eningizimu afrika phecelezi ifreedom day lolu suku eningizimu afrika lugujwa mhla zingama umbasa minyaka yonke lolu suku lubalulekile kakhulu ezimpilweni zabantu baseningizimu afrika ngoba yilapho abantu abansundu bathola inkululeko kwasuswa ubandlululo ngonyaka we leli holide liyinxenye yamaholide asemthethweni aseningizimu afrika njengoba kugunyazwa ngumthetho wamaholide omphakathi wama wangonyaka wama mhla zingama umbasa udkt nelson mandela wavota okokuqala okhethweni lazo zonke izinhlanga endweni yokuvota isingisi polling station eyabe iseohlange high school umandela wakhetha lendawo ngoba efuna ukunika isizawe sabanzundu ukwethemba ukuvota wakhetha lendawo ngoba ilapho kufihlwe khona umongameli wokuqala ujohn langalibalele dube futhi wabe efuna ukuyophonsa itshe uthuneni likadube lay a wreath umandela wama eceleni kwethuna washo lamagama mnu mongameli ngize lapha ukuzokubikela ukuthi iningizimu afrika ikhululekile namhlanje igibhithe iyizwe e afrika abantu banke cishe bahlala eduze nemfuleni nile igibhithe nomthethosisekelo isikhashana manje igibhithe yasemandulo yadlondlobala iminyaka eyizigida ezintathu ngaphambi kokuyhi iwe yabuswa abantu bokuzalwa nabantu bokufika yabuswa amagibhithe amanubhiya amaglisi namaarabhu njengoba esayibusa namanje emandulo igibhithe ibikade ibuswa ngamakhosi ahlukene yahlanganiswa eminyakeni c bc kungakazalwa ujesu ihlanganiswa inkosi umeni menes narmer ibusela lakhe kwakuyi memphis waletha ukuthula phakathi kwalemizi emibili lombuso ukuze uvuke kwaba nezimpi eziningi ezaqedwa inkosi ukhasekhemwy wayesevusa umuzi wakhe wabusa c b c kungakazalwa ujesu uzoser wakha istep pyramid ebusela lakhe esakkara igibhithe ubewohloka ngo bc ngo umasingane abigibhithe bamemeza ukuhoxa nga hosni mubarak ngo unhlolanja umubarak uhoxa ubaleka nga cairo umongameli isekela uomar suleiman ubezisa impi wegibhithe ibephatha isizwe ngo ulwezi babethatha izinketho imorokho m rko mayelana nalesi sikhala somsindo isi arabhu eshe romanised al mahrib lit beka ilanga lishonile entshonalanga i standard moroccan tamazight romanised lmerib french maroc ngokusemthethweni the kingdom of morocco isi arabhu romanised al mahloh al maghribiyah lit the western kingdom i standard moroccan tamazight romanised tageldit n lmarib french royaume du maroc is izwe elisesifundeni sasemaghreb enyakatho afrika ibheka ulwandle imedithera olusenyakatho ne atlantic ocean ngasentshonalanga ngomngcele womhlaba ne algeria osempumalanga nentshonalanga yesahara eningizimu isimo esiphikisanayo imorocco iphinda ithi izikhwebuki zaseceuta umelilla kanye nopez de la gomera zonke zingaphansi kwespain kanye neziqhingi ezimbalwa ezilawulwa yispain ezisogwini lwaso inhlokodolobha yirabat kanti idolobha elikhulu kunazo zonke yicasablanca i isabalalisa indawo engamakhilomitha angama km sq mi futhi inabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama selokhu kwasekelwa umbuso wokuqala wemorocco ngo idris i ngonyaka ka ad izwe selibuswa uchungechunge lwamakhosi azimele lafinyelela ku zenith ngaphansi kokubusa kwe almoravid ne almohad lapho yahlukanisa izingxenye ze iberia kanye nenyakatho nentshonalanga ne afrika umbuso wamaputukezi waqala emorocco ngekhulu le kulandela ukunqoba kwamaputukezi ogwini lwasemoroccan wasungula izindawo ezazihlala ikhulu le nele ababusi bakwamarinid nabakwasaadi bamelana nokubuswa kwamanye amazwe ngekhulu le bavumela imorocco ukuba ihlale ukuphela kwezwe lase afrika elisenyakatho ntshonalanga ukugwema ukuhlala kwe ottoman uhlu lwamakhosi i alaouite olubusa kuze kube manje lwathatha amandla ngonyaka we indawo yamasu wezwe eliseduze nomlomo wemedithera yaheha isasasa laseyurophu kwathi ngo imorocco yahlukaniswa ngabavikeli basefrance nabasespain nenkundla yamazwe omhlaba etangier iphinde yathola inkululeko yayo ngonyaka we futhi kusukela manje ihlala izinzile futhi ichuma ngamazinga ezifunda ngomnotho wesihlanu ngobukhulu e afrika imorocco ithi insimu engazukuzibusa yewestern sahara eyake yaziwa ngokuthi yisahara yasespain njengezifundazwe zayo zaseningizimu ngemuva kokuba ispain ivumile ukunquma indawo eya emorocco nasemauritania ngo kwaqala impi yabashokobezi namabutho endawo imauritania yayeka isimangalo sayo ngo futhi impi yaqhubeka yaze yaqhuma ngo okwamanje imorocco ithatha izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zaleyo ndawo futhi izinqubo zokuthula zisehlulekile wukuqeda usuku lwezepolitiki umbuso wobukhosi uyinkosi ebumbene yomthethosisekelo onobunye enephalamende elikhethiwe izwe lisebenzisa umthelela obalulekile e afrika kanye nasemhlabeni wama arabhu futhi libhekwa njengamandla wesifunda namandla aphakathi inkosi inamandla amakhulu okuphatha nawokushaya umthetho ikakhulukazi ngaphezulu kwezempi inqubomgomo yezangaphandle kanye nezindaba zenkolo amandla okuphatha asetshenziswa nguhulumeni ngenkathi amandla omthetho ebekwa kuhulumeni nakuwo womabili amagumbi ephalamende ephalamende lamele abamele kanye nesishayamthetho samakhansela inkosi ingakhipha izinqumo ezibizwa ngama dahirs ezinamandla omthetho angaphinde alichithe iphalamende ngemuva kokuxhumana nondunankulu kanye nomongameli wenkantolo yezomthethosisekelo inkolo eyayibekwe phambili emorobhiya yi islam kanti nezilimi zayo ezisemthethweni ziyi arabhu neberber okuyilona elathola ukwamukelwa ngokusemthethweni ngo bebelokhu kungolimi lomdabu lwasemoriya ngaphambi kokunqoba kwamasulumane ngekhulu lesikhombisa c e i spanish yasemorike eyabizwa ngokuthi idarija nesifulentshi nayo ikhulunywa kabanzi isiko lasemorocco liyinhlanganisela yamaberber ama arab amasephardi amajuda amathonya asentshonalanga naseyurophu igama eliphelele lama arabhu u al mamlakah al maghribiyyah ul yize intshonalanga ngolimi lwesi arabhu ingama eshe al gharb igama futhi lingabhekisa kusihlwa mayelana nezinkomba zomlando izazi mlando zama arabhu nezazi zesayensi yama medieval ngesinye isikhathi zazibiza imorocco ngokuthi i al maghrib al aq okusho ukuthi the farthest west ukuyihlukanisa ezifundeni zomlando ezingomakhelwane ezibizwa nge al maghrib al awsa okusho ukuthi middle west kanye ne al maghrib al adn okusho ukuthi the west eduze igama lesingisi lasemoriya lisuselwa emarrakesh inhlokodolobha yalo ngaphansi kozalo lwe almoravid ne almohad caliphate imvelaphi yegama elithi marrakesh iyaphikiswa kepha kungenzeka ukuthi isuka kumagama ama berber amur n akush noma athi land of god igama lesimanje lesiberber ngomarrakesh yi makc embhalweni wesi berber latin eturkey imorocco yaziwa ngokuthi ifas igama elithathwe enhlokodolobha yakudala yefes kodwa ke lokhu bekungenjalo kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba wezwe lamasulumane kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu lama igama elijwayelekile lasemorussia ezincwadini zama arabhu zasegibhithe nasemiddle east kwakungumarrakesh kucashunwa edingekayo leli gama lisasetshenziswa kwezinye izilimi ezifana nesipersian isi urdu nesipunjabi igama lesingisi elithi mororome lingumqondo wobukhosi basespain marruecos lapho kutholakala khona netuscan morrocco imvelaphi yase italy indawo yasemorocco yanamuhla ibakhiwe kusukela ngezikhathi zepaleolithic ngesinye isikhathi phakathi kuka no bc ukushicilelwa kwakamuva kungakhombisa isikhathi sokuqala ukwakhiwa njengoba amafulege wehomo sapiens athola ngasekupheleni kuka ngasogwini lwe atlantic ejebel irhoud asanda kwenziwa cishe iminyaka engama ngaphambi kwamanje ngesikhathi se upper paleolithic imaghreb yayivundile kunaku namuhla ifana ne savanna ngaphezu kwendawo yanamuhla eyomile eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nambili edlule i aterian yathathelwa indawo yisiko lama iberomaurusian elabelana ngokufana namasiko ama iberia kufana nokuthi kufakwe phakathi kwe skeletal phakathi kokungcwatshwa kuka iberomaurusian mechta afalou ne european cro magnon esele i iberomaurusian yathathelwa indawo yisiko likabeaker emorocco ucwaningo lwemitochondrial dna seluthole ukuxhumana okusondelene phakathi kweberber nesaami yasescandinavia lokhu kusekela imibono yokuthi indawo yokuphephela yasefranco cantabrian eningizimu ntshonalanga yurophu ibingumthombo wokuchazeka kwesikhathi eside kwabacwasi abazingeli abaphinde benyuse i europe esenyakatho emva kwenkathi yokugcina yeqhwa inyakatho ntshonalanga ye afrika nemorocco yaholwa kancane kancane yangena ezweni lasemedithera elibanzi abasubathi basefenike ababesungula izindawo zokuhweba nezindawo zokuhlala ngesikhathi sokuqala classical izindawo zokuhlala abasefenike ezinkulu zazisechellah elixus nasemogador imogador yayiyikoloni lamafenikeya ekuqaleni kwekhulu le leminyaka bc ikhasi elidingekayo amanxiwa aseberber asevolubilis imorocco yabuye yaba indawo yezempucuko zasenyakatho ntshonalanga ne afrika yecarthage yasendulo njengengxenye yombuso wayo umbuso wokuqala wokuqala owaziwa ngokuzimela wemorocco wawungumbuso waseberber wasemauretania ngaphansi kwenkosi ubaga lo mbuso wasendulo hhayi ukuthi ungadidaniswa nesimo samanje semauritania waqala cishe kwaba ngu bc umauretania waba umbuso wamakhasimende ombuso waseroma ngo bc umbusi uclaudius walengisa imauretania ngqo njengesifundazwe saseroma ngonyaka ka ad ngaphansi kombusi wombusi kungaba undunankulu u augusti noma i legatus augusti pro praetore ngesikhathi senhlupheko yekhulu lesi izingxenye zasemauretania zaphinde zakhiwa yizizwe zakwaberber ukubusa okuqondile kwamaroma kwavalelwa emadolobheni ambalwa asogwini njenge sepum ceuta emauretania tingitana necherchell emauretania cesariensis ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesithathu umbuso waseroma ulahlekelwe yizinto zawo ezazisele emauretania ngemuva kokuba le ndawo ichithwe yivandals ngo ad ngemuva kwaleli phuzu amakhosi endawo asemauro amaroma aqala ukulawula bona umbuso kamauro wamaroma umbuso waseroma wasempumalanga ngaphansi kokulawulwa yibyzantine waphinda wamisa ukubusa okuqondile kombuso kwesepum notingi ngeminyaka engama utingis waqiniswa futhi kwakhiwa isonto enyakatho umngcele wamanzi enqamula estrait nemingcele yomhlaba enezicaba ezintathu ezincane ezilawulwa yispain uceuta umelilla kanye nopeon de vlez de la gomera i algeria empumalanga kanye nentshonalanga yesahara eningizimu njengoba imorocco ilawula iningi lesahara esentshonalanga umngcele wayo oseningizimu ne mauritania imingcele yezwe ehlonishwa umhlaba wonke iphakathi kokutholakala kwama no n kanye nobude obungu no w ukungezelela i western sahara imorocco ilala phakathi kwama kanye nama n kanye no no w iphenathi leras nouadhibou liseningizimu ne kanye ntshonalanga ne ukuma komhlaba kwemorocco kusukela elwandlekazi lwe atlantic kuya ezintabeni kuya ogwadule lwasesahara imorobha iyizwe lasenyakatho afrika enqenqemeni lwenyakatho ye atlantic ocean nolwandle imedithera phakathi kwe algeria nentshonalanga yesahara ingenye yezizwe ezintathu kuphela kanye nespain nefrance ukuba nazo zombili izindawo ezisogwini lwe atlantic nolwemedithera ingxenye enkulu yemorocco inezintaba izintaba ze atlas zitholakala ikakhulu enkabeni naseningizimu yezwe izintaba zerif zitholakala enyakatho yezwe womabili la mabanga ahlalwa ikakhulukazi ngabantu beberber ku km sq mi imorobha ngaphandle kwesahara esentshonalanga iyizwe elikhulukazi ngamashumi amahlanu nesikhombisa emhlabeni i algeria ihlanganisa imorocco ngasempumalanga nasempumalanga eseningizimu yize umngcele phakathi kwala mazwe amabili uvaliwe kusukela ngo indawo yasespain enyakatho ntshonalanga ye afrika engomakhelwane imorocco inezindawo ezinhlanu ezigudle ugu lwasemedithera iceuta imelilla ipeon de vlez de la gomera i pen de alhucemas iziqhingi zasechafarinas kanye nesiqhingi esiphikisayo iperejil ngasogwini lwe atlantic iziqhingi zasecanary zingespain kanti um madeira ngasenyakatho uyiputukezi ngasenyakatho imorobha ihlukaniswe yi strait of gibraltar lapho ukuthunyelwa kwamazwe omhlaba kuye kwangaphumeleli khona lapho kudlula phakathi kwe atlantic nemedithera izintaba zerif zeluka esifundeni esisemngceleni wemedithera kusuka enyakatho nentshonalanga kuye enyakatho empumalanga izintaba ze atlas zehla ngomgogodla wezwe ukusuka enyakatho mpumalanga kuye eningizimu ntshonalanga iningi lengxenye eseningizimu mpumalanga yezwe isehlane lasesahara futhi ngenxa yalokho imvamisa inabantu abaningi futhi abakhiqizi ngokwezomnotho iningi labantu lihlala enyakatho yalezi zintaba kanti ngaseningizimu kukhona intshonalanga yesahara ikoloni langaphambili lasespain elamiswa i morocco ngo bona i green march imorocco ithi intshonalanga sahara iyingxenye yendawo yayo futhi ibiza lokho njengezifundazwe zayo zaseningizimu ibhola lezinyawo nabiza ngokuthi ibhola ngumdlalo lo ngumdlalo onesasasa kakhulu emhlabeni yingakho nje aabanye bawubiza ngomdlalo wezigidigidi zabantu game of billions ngokuya ngomlando webhola lezinyawo lomdlalo waqala engilandi kwelamangisi eminyakeni eminingi eyedlula kulo mdlalo iqembu ngalinye linabadlali abayishumi nanye kukhona unozinti onguyena obheke ukuthi akukho bhola elingena ngaphakathi kwezinti abanye ababadlali badlala emuva abanye phakathi esiswini kanti abanye badlale phambili babe amafolosi abadlala emuva banceda unozinti ukuthi abadlala nabo bangafaki igoli ngaphakathi laba abavimbayo bazakusebenzisa izinyawo nekhanda ukuvimba ibhola ukuthi lingangeni ezintini uma kuke kwangena igoli ezintini izibukeli ziye zijabule zenqe ukkhombisa yona injabulo ngoba behlule omabili amaqembu aba nabadlali abalinganayo ngenani kanti kuba khona unompempe ohambisana nabasizi bakhe abathathu omunye umsizi uma kwenye ingxenye kuthi omunye ame ngakwenye ingxenye abancedisi basebenza njengamehlo kanompempe ukubheka abadlali abadlalisa kabi abanye abadlali abangalandeli imithetho yebhola njengalabo ababamba abanye abadlali nnoma abakhahlela abanye abadlali lapha ngunozinti kuphela ovumeleke ukubamba ibhola ngesandla kanti naloyo ozophonsa ibhola uma liphumele ngaphandle unompempe uhlala aphethe indweba ykhe ayishaya ukukhuluma nabanye abadlali noma ukuyala ukuthi kwenzeke ini kanti nasemdlalweni webhola abadlali abadlala kabi bayajeziswa kuya ngokuthi umdlali obeqonde ukudlala kabi kangakanani uma ekhahlela omunye ngenhloso yokumlimaza unikezwa ikhadi eliphuzi kanjalo uyakhalinywa bese kuthi uma esephinde wadlala kabi futhi wathola elinye futhi eliphuzi uye anikezwe elibomvu elishoyo ukuthi aphume emdlalweni angasadlali ngoba uyingozi kwabanye abadlali amaqembu agqoka izimpahla ezingafani ukwenzela ukuthi abadlali babonakale bengafani lo mdlalo ube nezikhuzeli abahlala ngaphandle kwebala bakhuze bakhalime bakhuthaze abadlali babo kanti wonke lamaqembu anabaqeqeshi abo abasetha abadlali babo ukuthi badlale kanjani abaqeqeshi yibo abalolonga abadlali ukuze balungele umdlalo kuyothi iqembu elikwazile ukufaka amagoli amaningi kube yilo elinqobayo iningi afrika ingelinye izwe elithanda umdlalo webhola lezinyawo baningi abadlali beningizimu afrika abababa nesasasa abake badlala ngaphesheya ngikhuluma ngesilomo esedlula emhlabeni usteve kalamazooo mokone ujomo sono u ace ntsoelengoe phil masinga lucas radebe benny mccarthy quinton fortune hellman mkhalele david nyathi doctor khumalo siyabonga nomvethe john shoes moshoeu shaun bartlett mark fish nabanye abasadlala namaje otokelo rantie steven pienaar kagiso dikgacoi nabanye engeke ngaqeda ukubabala iqembu lesizwe elibizwa ngokuthi yibafana bafana selike lanqoba indebe ye afrika ngonyaka ka lapho amagoli ethu afakwa yisilomo umark williams iningizimu afrika iye yancintisana namazwe amaningi afana no brazil argentina france nigeria angola namanye amazwe anesasasa emdlalweni webhola lezinyawo emhlabeni wikipedia lalela wkpidi nobe listeni wkipidi wik i pee dee ifinyeleleka mahala kutholakala mahala ku encyclopedia ekwi inthanethi isekelwa futhi isingathwa yi wikimedia foundation cishe wonke umuntu okwazi ukufinyelela isayithi angahlela pheze yiziphi izihloko zayo i wikipedia yiyona webhusayiti yesithupha ethandwa kakhulu futhi ethandwa kakhulu jikelele ngomsebenzi we inthanethi bakajehova njengoba ngo yayina yamabhiliyoni wamaphepha abukwayo futhi abukwa yizivakashi cishe eyizigidi ezingu ngenyanga ngayinye ujimmy wales nolarry singer bomkhankaso we wikipedia n ngomhlaka kujanuwari u babiza igama lakhe ukuthi yi singer called his name caps of wiki isuselwa egameni lesihawayi elisho shesha ne ensayiklopidiya noma ke ulwazi olungaphakathi kwe wikipediya kwasekuqaleni lidabuka esingisini yasheshe yabhalwa ngezilimi eziningi lokhu kwenziwa ngokuthi kuhlonywe uhlelo lokuhumusha ngezilimi ezahlukahlukene yonke imihlobo ye wikipidiya iyafana kodwa umehluko obalulekile okwindikimba nakwindlela yoku editha manje i wikipidiya yesingisi idinga ama wikipidiya angaphezu kwama noma kunjalo ibonakala iyinkulu kakhulu kunezinye kanti ngama athikili ayizigidi ezi a uye wazakhela idumela njengoba umthombo wezindaba ngenxa yokubuyekezwa kwayo okusheshayo kwezihloko ezihlobene nezindaba ezikhishwayo ngaphezu kwalokho kulula ukungena ku wikipidiya eziphakeme kuqhathaniswa ensayiklopidiya odlule kanye ukufakwa walo kokuqukethwe okuningi unacademic baye bathola ebanzi abezindaba ukunakwa kufakaza obala wikipidiya eziphakeme futhi kuye kwaholela abanye ukukhathazeka njenge izinga lokubhala yayo phansi kanye nokunemba imininingwane yayo nokho nakuba ezinye izihloko zinemibhalo engaqinisekisiwe noma ulwazi ayihlangani a inhlolovo of wikipedia eyanyatheliswa ngo nature ngokusekelwe ngokuqhathanisa wesayensi athikili nge encyclopdia britannica wathola ukuthi ezingeni wikipedia sika zokunemba kwakusondela encyclopdia britannica kanye bobabili amazinga ezifanayo eliphansi amaphutha amabi njengoba ka iwikipidiya yesingisi iqukethe cishe abayizigidi ezinhlanu izihloko abangaphezu koyedwa kayikhulu britannica sika izinqubomgomo zewikipidiya zihlanganisa ukuqinisekisa kanye nomzimba elikhulayo amazinga kubandakanya for izinga siqinisekiso umehluko emakhasini wencwajana enesihloko ezivezwe njengoba kuboniswe   ngokungafani kwe insayiklopidiya yendabuko wikipedia kungenziwa eyahlelwa yimuphi umfundi ngaphandle kwamakhasi ikakhulukazi ezizwelayo kanye nobe phansi yizikhukhula ukuthi abizwa evikelwe ngezinga elithile wikipedia izivakashi bangahlela izihloko ngisho noma abanalo akhawunti wikipedia ezithile omagazini abalandelayo lulwimi zinikeza indlela eguquliwe yale nqubomgomo ngokwesibonelo abasebenzisi ezibhalisiwe nje angase adale isihloko esisha ku neyesingisi isihloko njalo acekelwa phansi kungaba semi ezivikelwe okusho ukuthi nje esungulwe abasebenzisi iqinisekiswe bayakwazi ukwenza ukuhlela kuleso sihloko a ikakhulukazi isihloko ingxabano zingase puk ukuze abaphathi nje ziyakwazi ukwenza izinguquko sihloko babonwa ephethwe umdali walo noma ezinye umhleli futhi hhayi vetted ngu yimuphi igunya eqashelwayo kunalokho abahleli abangalala ukuze bavumelane nokuqukethwe kanye nokwakheka ezihlokweni by kuvunyelwana   ngokuzenzakalelayo i uhlela ukuba isihloko ngokushesha iba etholakalayo ngenxa yalokho bangase izihloko inezinto ezinganembile biases ehlukile futhi nombhalo elingenangqondo kodwa eliphimiselekayo shu kuze umhleli ilungisa nokushiyeka okunjalo lehlukene edishini ngamunye ngaphansi ehlukile control tekuphatsa bakhululekile ukushintsha le nqubomgomo ngokwesibonelo i wikipedia german ucondza izinguqulo ezinzile lwezihloko okuyinto sekudlule izibuyekezo ezithile kulandela nezilingo eyayizothatha isikhathi eside nengxoxo nomphakathi iwikipidiya yesingisi yethula uhlelo lwezinguquko ozilindile ngozibandlela ka ngaphansi kwalesi simiso umsebenzi omusha ohloliwe abasebenzisi ezintsha awasho izihloko ezithile impikiswano noma ukucekelwa phansi kwempahla yizikhukhula kungaba ngokweyame abukeze kusukela wikipedia esungulwe umhleli ngaphambi ncwadi   esibonakalayo kwemaphutsa of wikipedia  nakuba izinguquko kungukuthi ehlelekile kubuyekezwe isofthiwe ukuthi amandla wikipedia inikeza amathuluzi athile sivumele noma ubani ukuba abukeze izinguquko kwabanye ilhasi elinalokhu umlando wesihloko ngasinye ulandisa izibuyekezo amanothi abahleli angayiqeda izinguquko isibonelo ecaleni lapho kokuqukethwe ewusizo lasuswa abahleli ungabuka izinguquko zewebhusayiti yakamuva iziphi ukhonjiswe ukuhlelwa kwezenzakalo reverse qhaza avamile ngokuvamile silondoloza uhlu lwezihloko ukuthi ukuwaheha ukuze zikwazi aziswe izinguquko esizayo ikhasi elisha kuyinqubo lapho izihloko abasanda wadala kuthiwa ihlolwe ukuze izinkinga ezisobala izinhlelo zekhompyutha ziye zisetshenziswa kabanzi ukwenza imisebenzi elula futhi engamukelekile ezifana sokulungisa nasekupeleteni ezivamile kanye nezindaba zezindlela namacebo okuloba noma ukuqala izihloko ezifana nesifundo somhlaba okufakwe ifomathi evamile kusuka idatha ezibalo onesandla kwimpikiswano bakamalalahlengezela ukudala izihloko kanye bot wakhe kwabikwa ukudala kuze izihloko eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi ezikuwikipidiya yesiswideni ngezinsuku ezithile kukhona ezinye bots eyenzelwe axwayise ngokuzenzakalelayo abasebenzisi okwenza ovamile kwemaphutsa amaphutha ezifana izingcaphuno angenakuqhathaniswa nobe obakaki olungenakuqhathaniswa futhi avimbele ukudalwa izixhumanisi amawebhusayithi ethile bots nazo isicelo lokuvala enforcements okuyinto thola futhi buyisela izinguquko osolisayo abasebenzisi ezintsha ips okwabelwana noma ips ibamba kuya amakhasi ihlushwa sockpuppets njengendlela ukuphinda kungenzeka of umsebenzisi ezivinjelwe kusetshenziswa ezinye izindlela amakheli ip abanye abasebenzisi kungaba lokubuyisa nanoma iyiphi ukuhlela yokuthi musa abonakale ngumsebenzisi zivinjelwe mbuzo esinye bot lichazwa ngokuthi i bot anti ocekela phansi ukuthi izama ukuthola kanye nokubuyela phansi ngokushesha futhi ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi bots ungabika uku editha ezivela akhawunti ethile noma ikheli ip zokhahlamba njengoba kwakwenziwa ngesikhathi the mh jet ukubeka phansi isigameko ngojulayi bots on wikipedia kufanele yamukeleke ngaphambi kusebenze   ngokusho andrew lih ukwanda lamanje wikipedia izigidi zihloko kwakuyoba nzima ukucabanga ngaphandle kokusebenzisa bots enjalo   isihloko main ukucekela phansi impahla on wikipedia  yikuphi uku editha ukuthi eshintsha nokuqukethwe ngendlela ukuxegisa ngamabomu ubuqotho bewikipidiya kubhekwa phansi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu futhi ezisobala phansi zihlanganisa ukufakwa kwenhlamba kanye amahlaya angahluziwe ukucekela phansi impahla kungase futhi kuhlanganise ukukhangisa ulimi kanye nezinye izinhlobo ngezinye izikhathi abahleli babophezela phansi ngokususa ulwazi noma libhaliwe ngumtshini ngokuphelele ikhasi elinikeziwe izinhlobo okungajwayelekile ukuzicekela phansi impahla ezifana kwalokho ngamabomu yokwaziswa zizinhle kodwa ongathembekile isihloko kungaba nzima ukubona izichwensi kungazenza ukufometha ayibalulekile shintsha ikhasi elingasho lutho elifana nesihloko ikhasi noma ukwehlukanisa ngemikhakha lokuxhaphaza ikhodi elicashile lesihloko noma ukusebenzisa izithombe ngendlela ebhidlizayo   onezinwele ezimhlophe umnumzana osekhulile isudi kanye nothayi ukhuluma ngesikhathi sokukhuluma   intatheli yasemelika ujohn seigenthaler indaba yesigameko useigenthaler   ukucekelwa phansi kwempahla kusobala ngokuvamile kulula ukususa izihloko zewikipidiya isikhathi yamamede ukuthola futhi silungise phansi nje imizuzu embalwa nokho abanye phansi kudinga isikhathi eside ukulungisa   ngokwesibonelo kwesinye isehlakalo esiphezulu umhleli ongaziwa wethula isaziso esingamanga singene bibliyogilafu yezombusazwe ummelika ujohn seigenthaler ngo seigenthaler wamangalelwa ukwethulwa njengendlela yokusolwa ngokubulala ujohn f kennedy lesi sihloko sahlala singalungiswanga izinyanga ezine useigenthaler umqondisi owasungula isihloko of semelika usa namhlanje kanye umsunguli freedom forum first amendment center ngasenyuvesi yasevanderbilt ebizwa wikipedia co umsunguli jimmy wales futhi wabuza ukuthi ayenakho yini indlela yokwazi ukuthi obani nesandla the ukwaziswa okungelona iqiniso uwales waphendula ngokuthi ayizange nakuba isephulamthetho sagcina ngokuhlehlela emuva emva kwesigameko useigenthaler echazwe yiwikipidiya ngokuthi inamaphutha futhi imithwalo ithuluzi lokucwaninga lesi senzakalo zaholela izinguquko zenqubomgomo yewikipidiya ngokuqondile kubhekiswe ukuqiniswa kokuqinisekiswa kwezihloko umlandvomufi abantu abaphila okuqukethwe yiwikipidiya kuncike kwimithetho ikakhulukazi imithetho yobunikazi yase united states kanye of the us isimo virginia lapho iningi lamaseva wewikipidiya lisuke likuphi ngaphezu kwezindaba zomthetho izimiso sesihloko sewikipidiya kuthiwa esisekelwe wezinsika emihlanu kanye nezinqubomgomo eziningi neziqondiso enzelwe ukuba balolonge okuqukethwe ngokufanele ngisho le mithetho igcinwa ifomu wiki futhi wikipidiya abahleli njengendlela bhala emphakathini abuyekeze izinqubomgomo webhusayiti kanye nemihlahlandlela abahleli kungabaqhuba la imithetho ngokususa noma ukulungisa imithetho engasebenziyo ekuqaleni nemithetho on ezinhlelweni okungezona zesingisi sewikipidiya zazisekelwe inguquko yemithetho yewikipidiya yesingisi iye yehluke ngezinga elingakanani ikhasi elikhulu lewikipidiya yesingisi mhla zinga kumfumfu ka ikhasi eliyinhloko lewikipidiya yesingisi   inguqulo mobile yewikipidiya yesingisi ekhasini elikhulu kwisiphequluli sewebhu android on a i samsung  inguquko yemobile yesingisi ekhasini elikhulu  page main wikipedia izinqubomgomo zokuqukethwe  ngokuvumelana nemithetho on the english wikipedia ngamunye entry e wikipedia ukuba afanelwe ukufakwa kumele kube ngesihloko okusho encyclopedic futhi akuyona entry isichazamazwi noma isichazamazwi like a sihloko kufanele futhi bahlangabezane nezindinganiso wikipedia sika of notability ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi kumelwe ukuba wathola ukusabalala okuphawulekayo imithombo secondary efana media ezivamile noma zamaphephabhuku ezinkulu yemfundo ezimele ngendaba ka ngesihloko ngaphezu kwalokho wikipedia uhlose idlulisele lwati kuphela ukuthi kakade osungulwe futhi wahlonishwa it akumele ukwethula ulwazi olusha noma ucwaningo original a bathi kungenzeka ukuba inselele kudinga kukhulunywa emthonjeni onokwethenjelwa phakathi wikipedia abahleli lokhu ngokuvamile wabekwa ngokuthi isiqinisekiso hhayi ngeqiniso ukuveza umqondo wokuthi abafundi hhayi encyclopedia yibona ekugcineni abanomthwalo ekubhekeni yiqiniso komunci nokwenza nekuhumusha zabo siqu lokhu kungaholela ukususwa ukwaziswa isebenza ngaleyo ndlela bulimaze ukufakwa kolwazi kanye nokukhula encyclopedia ekugcineni wikipedia akumele bathathe izinhlangothi bonke imibono kanye nemibono uma ezibangelwa imithombo yangaphandle kumele bajabulele i share elifanele ukuhlanganisa kungakapheli isihloko lo waziwa ngokuthi indawo hlangothi of umbono npov   bheka futhi okuqukethwe okukhiqizwe ngumsebenzisi  ngo umfundi wephd kwezomnotho u andrea ciffolilli wagomela ukuthi izindleko eziphansi zokuthengiselana zineqhaza kwiwikipidiya ukwakha kulethe ukuthuthukiswa ngokubambisana nokuthi izici ezifana nokufinyelela okulula izinguqulo ezidlule of a umusa page ukwakhiwa zokudala phezu imbubhiso zokudala encwadini yakhe ikusasa internet nendlela stop it zittrain ugagula yempumelelo wikipedia sokuba isifundo njalo emisha kangakanani open ukubambisana uye wakhuthaza kuwebhu   ku oopsla kuwikimidiya isikhulu kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nomklami ophakeme wesoftiwe ubrion vibber wanikeza isethulo esithi ukusebenza nomphakathi kwenza izinto zibe ngcono ukwenza abantu bakho basebenze kahle kusayithi yakho kuwo okuxoxwe nezinselele ukusingatha iminikelo evela emphakathini enkulu futhi wafanisa inqubo yalowo yentuthuko softiwe   abasebenzisi bewikipidiya nabaphathi bamaziko wezikhungo zamagugu emilando basebenzisana ngesihloko esithi hoxne hoard ngojuni   ngezinye izikhathi abasebenzisi bewikipidiya banika omunye nomunye imisebenzi emihle ukuze bazise imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene yenani elishaya kude uku editha izinto ezilula ezihlanganisa ukwesekwa kwezenhlalo izenzo zokuphatha kanye izinhlobo zomsebenzi ukuhambisana lomkhuba barnstar iye ihlaziye ukunquma lokho kunemithelela kungenzeka for ezinye imiphakathi waziphatha ezinkulu sangdi uma ushintsho ngokuphindaphindiwe owabangelwa umhleli eyodwa abese ukuhlehliswa ngenye i hlela war ingase wagomela ukuba sebeqale wikipedia has izindlela eziningi izingxabano sokuxazulula ukuze athole umphakathi ukuvumelana wonkana abahleli angamvusa izingqinamba at the village pump noma iqale isicelo comment izinkundla akhethekile akhona for centralizing ingxoxo izinqumo ezithile njengabaphostoli yini noma cha isihloko kufanele asuswe qhathanisa notability in english wikipedia   isihloko main arbitration committee  ikomiti arbitration wengamela lokugcina ukuxazululwa indlela nakuba izingxabano ngokuvamile bavele kokungezwani imibono emibili ephikisayo kanjani izihloko okufanele ukufunda ikomidi arbitration ngokucacile enqaba ngqo abuse ngalo umbono okufanele yokutholwa zokuhlaziya imininingwane zisikisela ukuthi ikomidi engayinaki okuqukethwe ezingxabanweni futhi ligxile endleleni izimpikiswano kuqhutshwa kunalokho esebenza cha kangaka ukuxazulula izingxabano futhi wenze ukuthula phakathi abahleli ezingqubuzanayo kodwa ukuze zikhipha abahleli eziyinkinga uma uvumela abahleli engase ikhiqize back e ukubamba iqhaza ngakho ke ikomidi asisho zilawule okuqukethwe lwezihloko yize ngezinye izikhathi kube liyakulahla izinguquko kokuqukethwe uma ibona okuqukethwe entsha wephula izinqubomgomo wikipedia isibonelo uma okuqukethwe entsha kubhekwa olubandlululayo amakhambi its zihlanganisa nezixwayiso kanye probations elisetshenziswa of amacala kanye nabahleli esivala kusuka ezihlokweni izindaba subject noma wikipedia complete nokuvinjelwa kusuka wikipedia kuthiwa ikakhulu kuphela izimo of ukuzenza ongeyena nokuziphatha anti social lapho ukuziphatha akuyona ukuzenza ongeyena nobe anti kwezenhlalo kodwana kunalokho anti ukuvumelana nobe wephula izinqubomgomo ukuhlela izixwayiso bavame ukuba ikhishwe   isihloko main wikipedia emphakathini  wikimania kwaba nengqungquthela yonyaka kubasebenzisi of wikipedia nezinye imiklamo eziqhutshwa yi wikimedia foundation  ngamunye sihloko kanye umsebenzisi of wikipedia ngamunye uye i wahlobanisa page ngokukhululekile lezi zakha oyinhloko zokuxhumana umzila abahleli ukuxoxa luphinde nenkhulumomphikiswano izindaba kokuqukethwe noma inqubomgomo   umphakathi wikipedia sika uye wachazwa ngokuthi inkolo like nakuba ngaso sonke anezincazelo ngokuphelele negative ukuthanda iphrojekthi sika for cohesiveness ngisho noma kudinga ukuhlehla ehlanganisa ukunganakwa of kokuqinisekisa yaziwe njengoba anti elitism wikipedia ayidingi ukuba abahleli balo kanye neqhaza ahlinzeke ukuhlonza njengoba wikipedia ayekhula ngubani uyabhala wikipedia saba omunye imibuzo evame ukubuzwa on kuphrojekthi ngokuvamile ngokubhekisela eminye imisebenzi web ezifana digg ukulandisa okudingekayo kanye jimmy wales wagomela ngokuthi kuphela emphakathini iqembu elizinikezele ambalwa amavolontiya kwenza ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi iminikelo eya wikipedia nokuthi ngalokho hlelo njenganoma iyiphi inhlangano wendabuko ngo a slate umagazini esihlokweni wabika ukuthi abacwaningi e palo alto amaphesenti of abasebenzisi wikipedia banesibopho cishe isigamu lezinhlelo isayithi sika le ndlela yokuhlaziya iminikelo kamuva phikisa ngu aaron swartz ngubani yaphawula ukuthi izihloko eziningana yena banambitha kwadingeka izingxenye ezinkulu okuqukethwe kwabo kukalwa inani abalingiswa nesandla abasebenzisi nge low hlela esikwenzayo kubalulekile   ucwaningo olusha ngo ukuthi kwenziwa ngcono ikhombisa ukukhula wikipedia futhi empeleni ukulungiswa it ukulandisa ezidingekayo   ucwaningo lwenziwa ngo wikipedia kwadingeka abasebenzisi abakhuthele cishe hhayi ukulandisa inikezwe ukulandisa okudingekayo kuze kuya of abasebenzisi wikipedia ebhalisiwe ungalokothi wenze esinye edit emva kwamahora zabo zokuqala lapho izincazelo ezingabanga ukuthi abasebenzisi enjalo ukubhalisela nje injongo olulodwa noma uyesaba away by nakho kwabo ngokusho eric goldman abahleli abahluleka ukuhambisana wikipedia imicikilisho zamasiko ezifana inkulumo ukusayina amakhasi ngokuphelele eyobonisa ukuthi kukhona wikipedia abangaphandle okwandisa amathuba okuthi wikipedia wangaphakathi ngeke libhekise iminikelo yabo njengomuntu usongo abe ngaphakathi wikipedia kuhilela izindleko non eziwubala the sandla kulindeleke ukwakha ikhasi yomsebenzisi ufunde amakhodi zobuchwepheshe wikipedia eziqondene bazithobe i arcane ukuxazululwa inqubo futhi sifunde isiko okumangaza ocebile nge e emahlaya ngaphakathi ezibhekisela non ngemvume in abasebenzisi kukhona kwezinye izakhamuzi ngomqondo lesibili class on wikipedia ngokuthi abahlanganyeli basuke izitifiketi ngamalungu omphakathi wiki abanezincwadi nesithakazelo ilungelo lokufuna ekulondolozeni ikhwalithi umkhiqizo msebenzi ngesisekelo iqhaza kwabo eziqhubekayo kanti imilando umnikelo amakheli ip angeke ngempela nanoma yimuphi ngokuqiniseka kufanele zafundiswa noma sola phezu umsebenzisi esithile   a ukutadisha by abacwaningi ezivela dartmouth college wathola ukuthi qhaza engaziwa futhi okuvamile kuya wikipedia injengoba esinokwethenjelwa umthombo wolwazi njengalabo nomthelela ngubani babhalise esizeni a ukutadisha by umhleli business insider nentatheli henry blodget wabonisa kutsi in isampula okungahleliwe athikili wokuqukethwe kunawo wikipedia kukalwa inani lombhalo nomthelela esindayo kuze edit yakamuva banambitha is adalwe kwabangaphandle abasebenzisi nge low edit okuzama kanti kulungisa iningi futhi kwebinza lwenziwa wangaphakathi iqembu khetha of abasebenzisi esungulwe a ukutadisha lwathola ukuthi wikipedians ayemancane ovumelana evulekile futhi kanembeza kunabanye a cwaningo wasikisela kwakukhona ubufakazi nokumelana ezikhula emphakathini wikipedia kokuqukethwe entsha   ucwaningo oluthile lwathola ukuthi isizinda sandla kuya wikipedia kwaba kancane abesifazane yobudala isilinganiso esivivaneni kwaba maphakathi nawo s a ukutadisha by abacwaningi basenyuvesi minnesota lwathola ukuthi abesifazane sakhiwe of abahleli owaqala ukuhlela wikipedia ngo isihloko january new york times noam cohen waphawula ukuthi nje of nomthelela wikipedia kukhona female ngokusho vo wikimedia foundation sue gardner owayekade umqondisi ophethe i wikimedia foundation uthemba ukubona iminikelo zesifazane ukwandisa kuya amaphesenti amabili nanhlanu by linda basch ongumongameli we national council for research on women yaphawula umehluko kulezi wikipedia umhleli izibalo kanye iphesenti labesifazane njengamanje acedzele degrees impohlo sika degrees master kanye phd nezinhlelo e united states bonke at amazinga amaphesenti noma xaxa esabela amanyuvesi ahlukahlukene aye aphatha edit a thons ukukhuthaza abesifazane abengeziwe ukuba bahlanganyele emphakathini wikipedia in kokuwa amakolishi no emanyuvesi kuhlanganise yale brown no pennsylvania state banikela wasekolishi udumo abafundi ukuba ukubhala ukucabanga ezilwela amalungelo abesifazane phakathi wikipedia mayelana nobuchwepheshe ukulandisa okudingekayo nokho bambalwa abesifazane aqhubeka amalungu usasebenza of wikipedia ngemuva edit a thons ayengamele lapho ebuzwa ukuthi kungani ukusabela ezivamile kwaba ukuthi kwakumelwe bematasa abahleli in nokuma okuhle emphakathini ezohamba for omunye amazinga eziningi zokuzithandela buphathi le iqala nomqondisi abasebenzisi anelungelo abangakwazi susa amakhasi ukuvimbela izihloko ekubeni kwashintsha uma phansi nobe isihloko izingxabano futhi bazame ukuvimbela abantu abathile evela kwemaphutsa naphezu igama abaphathi kungukuthi okuthiwa ukujabulela yimuphi lungelo elikhethekile ngo ekuthathweni kunalokho amandla abo anesizotha kuphela ekwenzeni edits ukuba nemiphumela project ububanzi futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuthiwa ayivumeliwe kuya abahleli avamile nokuqhamuka nemingcele ezihloselwe ukuvimbela abantu abathile evela ekwenzeni edits onakalisayo efana phansi   abahleli abangaphansi baba abaphathi kunokuba eminyakeni esidlule ngokwengxenye ngenxa inqubo ekunqabeleni engahle wikipedia abaphathi isibe ezinzima zamandla angaphezu bheka futhi list of udinga ama wikipedia ukusatshalaliswa izihloko ngolimi ezahlukene kwizihumusho njengoba of agasti kukhona njengamanje olimi kwizihumusho of wikipedia obizwa nangokuthi ngolimi izinguqulo noma bamane udinga ama wikipedia ala abayishumi nanye babe izihloko kwesigidi ngalinye english isidashi isijalimane isifulentshi isintaliyane isipolish ispanishi russian isiswidi vietnamese no waray waray ezine ngaphezulu babe izihloko kuka isicebuano chinese isijapane isiputukezi ngaphezulu babe izihloko kuka kanti ngaphezulu babe izihloko kuka the kunawo i english wikipedia has izihloko kuka million njengoba of june ngokusho alexa lo isizinda english en wikipedia org english wikipedia uthola cishe of traffic wikipedia sika ayesehle ne uqhekeko ezisele phakathi kwezinye izilimi ispanishi japanese russian german french italian njengoba of august izinhlelo zolimi kunayo eziyisithupha yilezi ngokulandelana of esihlokweni count the english isiswidi dutch isijalimane isifulentshi futhi udinga ama wikipedia zaserussia i nokuhlalisana kokuqukethwe ezindiminingi on wikipedia ube khona ngenxa unicode ogama ukwesekwa yethulwa phakathi wikipedia ngojanuwari by brion vibber emva kwase efanayo yena lwenteke izinhlamvu of esperanto kusukela wikipedia kusekelwe web ngakhoke emhlabeni wonke abanikela a edition olufanayo lulwimi ingasebenzisa zezigodi ezahlukene noma kungenzeka bavela emazweni ehlukene njengoba kunjalo ngoba edition english lezi umehluko kungaholela abanye zingxabano phezu nesipelingi umehluko isib color versus color noma ngamaphuzu umbono nakuba izinhlelo ezahlukene zolimi aphethwe nemigomo efana indawo hlangothi of umbono global baba washintsha namanye amaphuzu kwenchubomgomo kanye practice iningi njengaku ekutheni izithombe ezingasekelwe ilayisense ngokukhululekile lingasetshenziswa ngaphansi isimangalo of ukusetshenziswa engenzeleli   jimmy wales uye wachazwa wikipedia ngokuthi ukuze adale futhi ukusabalalisa a encyclopedia free of the esezingeni kwenzeke ukuba wonke umuntu ongashadile on planethi ngolimi lwabo siqu nakuba ngamunye imisebenzi edition ngolimi ucishe ngokuzimela ezinye imizamo kwenziwa ukuze aqondise kuzo bonke basuke kweluhlelo ngokwengxenye by meta wiki wiki i wikimedia foundation enikelwe nokugcina zonke imiklamo yayo wikipedia nabanye ngokwesibonelo meta wiki inikeza izibalo ezibalulekile on zonke izibuyekezo ulimi wikipedia futhi it ucondza uhlu lwezihloko njalo wikipedia kumele babe uhlu siphathelene kokuqukethwe eziyisisekelo by subject biography umlando amazwe umphakathi isiko isayensi ezobuchwepheshe kanye mathematics ngokuqondene nazo akuyona ezingavamile for izihloko ezihlobene kakhulu olimini oluthile hhayi ukuba bangumfuziselo kwenye edition ngokwesibonelo izihloko mayelana emadolobheni amancane e united states bangase nje khona ngesingisi ngisho nalapho behlangana notability criteria yezinye ngolimi wikipedia imiklamo ukulinganisa eminikelo amasheya ezivela ezifundazweni ezahlukene kuleli zwe ukuze ezahlukene wikipedia editions  izihloko elihunyushwe bamele nje ingxenye encane athikili yaba izinhlelo iningi ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi translation ngokuzenzakalela lwezihloko is ayivumeliwe izihloko atholakalayo ngolimi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa angase anikele links interwiki okuyinto link izihloko uzakwabo kwamanye editions   isihloko esanyatheliswa ngo yocwaningo plos one ngo besebenzisa amaphethini lomzimba imisebenzi isihloko omphakathi kulinganiselwa isabelo iminikelo kuya kwizihumusho ezahlukene wikipedia kusukela ezifundeni ezahlukene zomhlaba ngokwesibonelo siye libike ukuthi ukulungiswa kusukela north america anqunyelwe pheze in the english wikipedia futhi lokhu value sehlile amaphesenti amabili nanhlanu alula english wikipedia lesi sihloko sibuye ihlanganisa ezinye asakazwa ngezilimi ezahlukene the wikimedia foundation uthemba ukwandisa inani abahleli in the global south kuya amaphesenti amathathu nesikhombisa by on march the economist esihlokweni esihloko sithi ikusasa wikipedia labala kuhlaziywa kwezimo ngokuqondene idatha enyatheliswa wikimedia ngabachazela ukuthi inani wabahleli the lesingisi version uwile ngumuntu wesithathu eminyakeni eyisikhombisa izinga attrition for abahleli abakhuthele english wikipedia kwaba ekhonjiwe by the economist njengoba kakhulu ngokungafani izibalo for wikipedia kwezinye izilimi non english wikipedia the economist libike ukuthi isibalo nomthelela nge avareji ka emihlanu lezinhlelo ngaphezulu ngenyanga kwaba kuqhathaniswa njalo kusukela for wikipedia kwezinye izilimi cishe abahleli phakathi variances emincane zonyaka ka abahleli phansi noma phezulu mayelana amazinga attrition for abahleli e english wikipedia by kuqhathanisa ebukhali ishiwo njengoba nekukhuluma ngo at cishe abahleli okuyinto usunciphe abahleli njengoba of ukuqala ngesikhathi ecashunwe mkhuba rate inani abahleli abakhuthele english wikipedia ilahlekelwe cishe abahleli attrition kusukela kanti emafayeleni mkhuba rate kubonisa ukulahlekelwa yomunye abahleli by wehlele abahleli asebenzayo on english wikipedia by uma kwesokunxele zingancishiswa njengoba sazi ukuthi ukuhlaziywa mkhuba leyashicilelwa the economist presents inani abahleli asebenzayo for wikipedia kwezinye izilimi non english wikipedia njengoba osele kuqhathaniswa njalo futhi siphumelele ekusekeleni izinombolo zayo cishe abahleli abakhuthele umehluko uye bakhomba ukuphumelela wikipedia kwezinye izilimi ukugcina esebenzayo yayo abahleli on nesisekelo nalesebentisa nokuqhubekayo akukho ukuphawula senziwa ngokuqondene yikuphi nezindinganiso umahluko edit inqubomgomo kusuka wikipedia kwezinye izilimi non english wikipedia wayeyonikeza ohlukile kwenzeke ukuba english wikipedia for ngempumelelo ameliorating eningi umhleli attrition rates on ulimi lwesingisi wikipedia   isihloko main umlando wikipedia wikipedia odabuka zavela kwenye encyclopedia project nupedia   wikipedia waqala njengendlela project ayahambelana for nupedia a free online lesingisi encyclopedia project ogama zihloko ezalotshwa ngu ochwepheshe babuyekeza ngaphansi inqubo esemthethweni nupedia yasungulwa ngomashi ngaphansi ubunikazi bomis yenkampani a web portal izibalo zako ezisemqoka babengamadodana ceo bomis jimmy wales no larry sanger umhleli in chief for nupedia futhi kamuva wikipedia nupedia kwaba ilayisense okokuqala ngaphansi nupedia open license yaso content ziguquka kuya gnu free documentation license ngaphambi kokusungulwa wikipedia sika at ukunxusa richard stallman sanger nasewales wasungula wikipedia ngenkathi wales is udumo ngokuchaza umgomo wokwenza encyclopedia obala kuhleleke sanger is udumo isu lokusebenzisa wiki ukufinyelela lowo mgomo ngo january sanger ohlongozwayo on the nupedia sekheli ohlwini ukudala wiki njengoba project a feeder for nupedia   wikipedia lase ngokomthetho umkhankaso on january njengelungu edition ngolimi lwesingisi single at www wikipedia com futhi umemezele by sanger on the nupedia uhlu lwamaposi ekhompyutha inqubomgomo wikipedia of phuzu ka umbono hlangothi kwase eyabekwa ezinyangeni zayo zokuqala ngale kwalokho kwakukhona imithetho emibalwa ekuqaleni wikipedia lasebenza ngokuzimela of nupedia ekuqaleni bomis wayehlose ukwenza wikipedia ibhizinisi inzuzo wikipedia yazuza qhaza zakuqala kusuka nupedia slashdot ezithunyelwe futhi search engine web indexing ngo august kwadingeka wikipedia kuka izihloko on september kwadingeka wikipedia kuka izihloko futhi ngasekupheleni sase esekhule izihloko cishe no olimi editions kwase olimi asakazwa by sekwephuzile ekupheleni futhi ngu izinsuku okugcina nupedia and wikipedia bahlala kwaze amaseva yangaphambili sika zathathwa phasi unomphela ngo futhi okulotshwe kuwo ezahlanganiswa wikipedia english wikipedia wadlula uphawu lwezihloko million ezimbili on september okusenza le encyclopedia kunazo zonke ezake babuthana odlulele ngisho yongle encyclopedia ezazikade aphethwe irekhodi iminyaka   kokubala ukwesaba of ukukhangisa kwezohwebo kanye nokuntuleka okulawula wikipedia abasebenzisi of the wikipedia spanish olunjengemfoloko nokunye kusuka wikipedia ukudala enciclopedia khulula ngo february la liya wakhuthaza wales ukumemezela ukuthi wikipedia ngeke sibonise intengiso futhi ukushintsha domain wikipedia sika kusukela wikipedia com ukuze wikipedia org nakuba english wikipedia wafinyelela izihloko million ezintathu august ukwanda kwe edition ngokomthetho izinombolo lwezihloko nesesiphelo nomthelela kubonakala sengathi kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba nxazonke zakuqala around nawo kuya zihloko kwanezelwa nsuku zonke kuze encyclopedia in by ukuthi isilinganiso kwaba cishe iqembu at the palo alto research center isixhazululo le unciphisa sokukhula kuya okwandayo wedwa le project kanye ukumelana ukushintsha abanye basikisela ukuthi ukukhula is flattening ngokwemvelo ngenxa izihloko ukuthi kungaba ngokuthi low choma izithelo izihloko ezisenza ngokucacile isihloko kakade zidalwe azakhela kabanzi ngo november umcwaningi at the rey juan carlos university e madrid spain lwathola ukuthi english wikipedia wayengasenaso abahleli phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala of uma kuqhathaniswa leli project walahlekelwa abahleli nje kuphela phakathi nenkathi efanayo ngo the wall street journal ekhonjiwe uhla imithetho zisetshenziswa kulungisa kanye nezimpikiswano ezihlobene kokuqukethwe okunjalo phakathi izizathu lokhu kuthambekela wales baphikisana la izimangalo ngo bephika ukuwa singabaze indlela lesifundo kweminyaka emibili kamuva wales wavuma ukuba khona nokwehla okuncane siphawula ukwehla kusukela kancane kuka abalobi ngojuni kuya in june in the interview efanayo wales aphinde athi inani abahleli sasithi ezinzile futhi esimeme a isimangalo okuyinto ephenywa mit sika technology review esihlokweni esihloko sithi ekuncipheni wikipedia ngo july atlantic libike ukuthi isibalo abaphathi nako ziyancipha in the november issue of kamagazini new york ukatherine ward sathi wikipedia iwebhusayithi lesithupha kunazo kusetshenziswa elibheke i yangaphakathi esibucayi ngo mit sika technology review yembula ukuthi kusukela ngo le site ilahlekelwe yesithathu abahleli ivolontiya ukuvuselela bese ulungise izigidi le encyclopedia inthanethi of amakhasi nalabo zisekhona abaye egxile ngokuya on minutiae wikipedia blackout wokumelana usopa ngojanuwari   ngo january wikipedia wangena okokuqala uhlu top eziyishumi amawebhusayithi athandwa kakhulu e united states ngokusho comscore networks with million izivakashi eziyingqayizivele wikipedia yayibekwe ezingeni number odlulele inew york times ngo january i english wikipedia iqhaza ochungechungeni imibhikisho bafunisiswa ngokumelene imithetho emibili ehlongozwayo e united states congress the stop online ukudunwa act usopa kanye uvikele act ip pipa ngomusa blacking out amakhasi alo for amahora ngaphezu million abantu babebheka blackout incazelo ikhasi esikhundleni saso wikipedia nokuqukethwe okwesikhashana   loveland and reagle bathi ngo nqubo wikipedia kulandela isiko omude encyclopedia ezingokomlando ukuthi zanqwabelana ngcono piecemeal ngokusebenzisa yokuzuza stigmergic mhla zingama masingana usubodh varma abikela i the economic times wabonisa ukuthi hhayi nje kwadingeka wikipedia ichaza isicaba kodwa walahlekelwa ngamasenti ali wewalo enamakhasi ukubukwa ngonyaka odlule ngamunye yilokho ukwehla ngo billion phakathi kuka zibandlela ka noka izinguquko ezithandwa kakhulu abahola enamakhasi imibono iwikipidiya yesingisi yehle ngo senti labo of version german ngafaka by cent kanye version japanese per balahlekelwa angu varma wanezela ukuthi njengoba abaphathi be wikipidiya bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kungaba ngenxa yamaphutha wokubala abanye osolwazi babona ukuthi iphrojekhi yegrafu yolwazi lweguguli google s knowledge graphs project launched last year may be gobbling up wikipedia users when contacted on this matter clay shirky associate professor at newyork university and fellow at harvard s berkman center for internet and security indicated that he suspected much of the page view decline was due to knowledge graphs stating if you can get your question answered from the search page you don t need to click any further imathemathiki wuphenyo wezibalo uleonardo fibonacci usozibalo wase italy owadidiyela uhlelo lwe hindu arabic numeral system lwahlelwa phakathi kwe century yokuqala neyesine luhlelwa amandiya lubhekiswe e west imathemathiki ayinayo incazelo eyamukelwe ngokugwele jikelele uaristotle wayichaza ngokuthi i sayensi yokukala ngqo ngakho lencazelo yasetshenziswa kwaze kwaba i century yeshumi nesishiyaga lombili ugalileo galilei wathi umkhathi ngokugcwele kwawo ngeke ufundeke size sifunde ulimi futhi sizijwayeze ngohlelo lwezimpawu okubhalwe ngazo umkhathi ubhalwe ngolimi lwe mathemathiki izimpawu ongxantathu izindingiliza nezinye izimpawu ze geometry okungukuthi ngaphandle kwazo kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda ngisho igama elilodwa vo ngaphandle kokuqonda lezimpawu nolimi lwe mathemathiki kuyize ukuthola ulwazi ngomkhathi nomhlaba ucarl friedrich gauss wachaza imathemathiki njenge ndlovukazi yezinhlaka ze sayensi ubenjamin peirce wabiza imathemathiki nge sayensi ebeka imiphumela edingekayo udavid hilbert wathi nge mathemathiki asikhulumi la ngesingathekiso nje i mathemathiki ayifani nje nomdlalo onemithetho nje yokuzenzela kodwa isistimu equkethe isizathu sokwenzeka esingakwazi ukuba enye into ngaphandle kwaso kuphela ngqo ualbert einstein wabeka wathi ngakuba imithetho ye mathemathiki isho ngempilo ayinaso isiqiniseko ngakuba imithetho inesiqiniseko ayisho ngempilo u hugh ramopolo masekela ngombasa ngomasingana uyi trumpeter flugelhorn ist cornet umculi nomculi wayenguyise womethuli wasemelika usal masekela wayaziwa ngezingoma zakhe ze jazz kanye nokubhala owaziwa kakhulu ngezingoma ezazilwa nobandlululo njenge soweto blues nethi bring him back home umasekela wazalwa kwa guqa township ewitbank eningizimu afrika waqala ukucula nokudlala ipiyano esemncane lapho eneminyaka engama ngemva kokubona ifilimu esihloko sithi young man with a horn lapho u kirk douglas idlala khona umlingiswa ohlongozwayo e american jazz cornetist bix beiderbecke umasekela waqala ukudlala icilongo efundiswa u archbishop trevor huddleston umfundisi omkhulu owayelwa nobandlululo est peter s secondary school u huddleston ubuze umholi we johannesburg owamantombazane kamasipala wasebrass band umalume sauda ukuthi afundise umasekela amacilongo okudlala amacilongo umasekela washeshe wazi kahle insimbi ngokushesha abanye abafunda naye nabo baqala ukuthakazela ukudlala izinsimbi okuholela ekwakheni i huddleston jazz band eningizimu afrika yokuqala ye orchestra yomusha ngo ngemuva kokuhola ezinye izinhlangano umasekela wajoyina i alfred herbert i african jazz revue kusukela nge umasekela waydlala umculo obonisa ngokujulile ukuphila kwakhe ukuhlukumeza ukungqubuzana nokuxhaphaza iningizimu afrika ebhekene nayo phakathi neminyaka yezi ne yaphefumulelwa futhi yathonya ukuba enze umculo futhi usakaze ushintsho lwezepolitiki umculo wakhe wawubeka obala ngokucacile izinkinga nezinsizi kanye nezinjabulo nezinkanuko zezwe lakhe ningizimu afrika umculo wakhe wawulwa nobandlululo ubugqila uhulumeni wobadluluo izinkinga zabantu babephila ngaphansi kwazo eningizimu afrika umasekela wafinyelela kubantu abaningi abazizwa becindezelwe ngenxa yesimo sezwe home page ikhasi lasekhaya ngemuva kokuvakasha eningizimu afrika nge umasekela washaywa e orchestra yomculo king kong ebhalwe ngu todd matshikiza inkosi kong yile mpumelelo yasebrazil yaseningizimu afrika ivakashela izwe ngomnyaka othengisiwe no miriam makeba kanye nomanhattan brothers nathan mdledle umculo kamuva waya elondon west end iminyaka emibili mhla zi ngomasingana umasikela kwabikwa ukuthi udlulie emhlabeni esenimanyaka engama ebulawa isifo somdlavuza esabe sesimxine iminyaka eminingi kubonakale kubalulekile ukuba kubhekiswe ezinyangeni zesizulu ngoba zineqhaza elikhulu ezilibambile ezimpilweni zabantu kusemqoka futhi ukuthi umphakathi waziswe ukuthi izinyanga zesizulu izwe lisabusa zazisemqoka emisebenzini eyehlukene emamdulo kwakubhekwa ilanga inyanga izinkanyezi umoya kanye nokutshaliwe ukuqamba ngezigameko ezenzekayo ezigqamisa inyanga nenyang umuntu ungumzulu ubebona ngokushintsha kwesimo sezwe ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokwenza okuthile singalinganisa njengenyanga kancwaba lapho isimo sezwe sisuke sesibuyela kwesejwayelekile emva kwesomiso ziyishumi nantathu sezizonke izinyanga ngokwesizulu inyanga yeshumi nantathu ayigqamile kangako gnoba yona ayanso isigameko sayo iqajwe ngokuthi indida zihleleka kanje izinyanga eziyisishiyalombili irandi iyimali weriphabliki waseningizimu afrika inophawu r ikhodi zar ikhodi lalo i zar lisuselwa olimini lwesidashi zuid afrikaanse rand irandi laseningizimu afrika ngesizulu irandi libuye lisbthsnziswe kulamazwe elesotho eswazini kanye nase namibhiya yize nwo lamzawe enayo imali ayisebenzisa ekhaya igama elithi irandi lisuselwa egameni witwatersrand elithi literally white waters ridge ngsingisi liqanjwe ngaleli landawo esgoli lapho kutholakal khona igolide eliningi kunazo zonke izindawo enginizimu afrika irandi laqala ukusethsenziswa ngonyaka we mhla zi kunhlolnalanja sekusele izninyangana kubunjwe iriphabliki yaseningizimu afrika lapha irandi laqeda ukusetshenziswa upondo waseningizimu afrika ngawo lonyaka ukushinthwa kwemali kusuka kupondo kuya kweirandi kwabikwa emsakazweni wezwe lonke lapho kwakunebika elabe lidlala emsakazweni ukubiklea umphkathi ngalo lolu shintsho ilinganisa nadola us nkosi sikelel i afrika ihubo elaqanjwa nguenoch sontonga ngonyaka wezi owabe engumfundisi esikoleni sesesonto lamaweseli egoli leli culo lagcina selisetshenziswa njengelomzabalazo laphinde laseteshenziswa njengeculo lesizwe emazweni amahlanu e afrika okubalwa kuwo izambia itanzania inamibhiya kanye nezimbabwe emva kokuthola inkululeko okwamkaje leli culo listshenziswa njengeculo lesizwe etanzania kanye nase zambia kususkela ngonyaka wezi eningizimu afrika ingxenye yalo leli culo ifakwe kwiculo lesizwe laseningizimu afrika leliculo libhalwe ngolimi lwesixhosa libhalwa ngumfundisi wasesikoleni sesonto lamaweseli edolobheni lasegoli amagama esigaba sokuqala seculo ayebhalwe ngexhosa okwathi ngonyaka wezi ezinye izigaba ezisi zsfakwa ngusonkondlo usamuale mqhayi leli culo laduma kakhulu emasontweni aseningizimu afrika lagcina selisthenziswa abahlabeleli basesikoleni ohlange high school lapho kwakufundisa khona u john langalibalele dube owabe engumongameli we south african native national congress sannc laculwa kuvalwa umhlangano we sannc ngonyaka wezi kanye nezi lagcina sekuyiculo elisemthethweni lokuvala imihlangano ye sannc inkosi sikelela i afrika yashicilelwa okukuqala ngonyaka wezi iumlando we african national congress yiqembu lezombusazwe laseningizimu afrika uqala nabasunguli bawo john langalibalele dube umafukuzela owaba ngumongameli wokuqala ngonyaka we kanti ngemva kwalokho kwalandela upixley ka isaka seme inkosi ualbert lutuli nabanye futhi inhlangano ubuzwemnyama njengoba zazivinjelwe eningizimu uhulumeni i anc yanqoba ngeminyaka yo abaholi bayo badingiswa kanti abanye babo babanjwa bagqunywa ejele iminyaka eminingi okubalwa o oliver tambo nonelson mandela kanye nabanye kanti nalo leli qembu lamiswa ukuba lingabe lisaqhubeka nemisebenzi yalo lamiswa ngumbuso wengcindezelo wabamhlophe maningi amalungu we anc adingiswa kanti amanye abulawa ikakhulukazi amalungu lawo abengaphansi kwamasosha e anc umkhonto wesizwe i anc yona yayilwela umbuso wentando yeningi ubulungiswa obulinganayo kuzo zonke izinhlanga zabantu ngonyaka we kwaba khona ukhetho lwezwe lokuqala lwentando yeningi mhla zinga umbasa okhethweni lokuqala lwentando yeningi yezwe we nomhloli walo unelson mandela waba ngumengameli wezwe i anc edume ngokhongolose yavotelwa ngelikhulu isasasa ngabantu abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angama ngo disemba ucyril ramaphosa wakhethwa ukuba abe ngumengameli omusha we anc below is a basic key to the symbols of the international phonetic alphabet for the smaller set of symbols that is sufficient for english see several rare ipa symbols are not included these are found in the main ipa article for the manual of style guideline for pronunciation see for each ipa symbol an english example is given where possible here rp stands for received pronunciation the foreign languages that are used to illustrate additional sounds are primarily the ones most likely to be familiar to english speakers french german and spanish for symbols not covered by those recourse is taken to the populous languages mandarin chinese hindustani arabic and russian for sounds still not covered other smaller but well known languages are used such as swahili turkish and zulu the left hand column displays the symbols like this click on the speaker icon to hear the sound click on the symbol itself for a dedicated article with a more complete description and examples from multiple languages all the sounds are spoken more than once and the consonant sounds are spoken once followed by a vowel and once between vowels the symbols are arranged by similarity to letters of the latin alphabet symbols which do not resemble any latin letter are placed at the end all diacritics are here shown on a carrier letter such as the vowel a two types of brackets are commonly used to enclose transcriptions in the ipa a third kind of bracket is occasionally seen lastly these two characters should look similar if in the box to the left you see the symbol rather than a lower case open tail g you may be experiencing a well known bug in the font ms reference sans serif or other switching to lucida sans unicode or arial unicode should fix it on your current font the tie bar is intended to cover both letters of an affricate or doubly articulated consonant however if your browser uses arial unicode ms to display ipa characters the following incorrectly formed sequences may look better than the correct order letter tie bar letter due to a bug in that font here is how the proper configuration displays in your default font and in other several fonts true angle brackets are unsupported by several common fonts and so have been replaced by or in most wikipedia articles however chicago iyidolobha eillinois i chicago idolobha lesithathu elinabantu abaningi kakhulu e united states kanti lesibili sivakashelwe ngabokufika emagqumeni aselake michigan ichicago yaqala ukukhula ngekhulu le umlilo omkhulu wasechicago wase washiya abaningi abangenamakhaya kodwa abantu basechicago bavuselela kabusha bathuthukisa izitayela zokwakha ezintsha ezifana ne skyscraper ensimbi enezinsimbi kwabaningi i chicago yikhungo sezokuxhumana ezezimali imboni nezinye izinto eziningi ezifanayo isikhumulo sezindiza sawo wonke umhlaba singenye yezwe elibi kakhulu futhi linomnotho ohlukene kakhulu futhi olinganiselayo ezinye izimpawu zomgwaqo zihlanganisa i sears tower ne millennium park kubuye nasekhaya le university of chicago idolobha likhule kahle lihlaziye ubuciko i theatre nomculo ikakhulukazi i jazz nomculo we elektroniki i chicago inamaqembu amaningi wezemidlalo wezemidlalo kuhlanganise namathimba amabili ebhola indlu ye satyagraha eyaziwa njengendlu ka gandhi itholakala engxenyeni yase johannesburg lendlu ilapho u mahatma gandhi ayehlala khona waphinde wasebenzela khona phakathi kweminyaka yabo kuya ku yaziwa njenge ndawo yamagugu nobuciko lendlu beyinendawo yokudlala umphebezo kanye nesibaya sama hhashi kodwa ughandi kanye no kallenbach babengaphili impilo yezigwili baguqula indlu bayenza indawo ebebazophila impilo elula ughandi wayelala kwindawo ebingasenhla lapho begibela khona ngomzila wendlu ngenca ka ghandi impilo ka kallenbach yaba noshintjo olukhulu bobabili babengadingi imali eningi ukwanelisa izidingo nqanti zabo indlu bayishiya ngo yathengwa abantu abaningi ngaphambi kokuthengwa yinkampani yezokuvakasha yase france ebizwa ngokuthi i voyaguers du monde eyabese iyayiguqula iyenza indawo yamasiko neyokulala kanye neyabavakashi khona manje lendlu inakekelwa u lauren segal onolwazi olunzulu ekunakekelweni kwezindlo zamasiko kanye nezabavakashi ukulwa ngaphandle kodlame okunye lendlu emele kona eningizimu ne afrika ngo u ghandi wahlangana no makhi wezindlu u hermann kallenbach owayeyi juda lasejalimani wamakhela lendlu ayenza ayisusela esibayeni sezinkomo kungakho ibizwa ngokuthi isibaya kraal izikhothane skothane noma ukukhothana yigama lesiszulu elamaqembu abantu abavame ukutholaka emalokishini ase ningizimu africa abathanda ukuzibonakalisa ngokomnotho wabo phambi kwabantu embuthanweni efana neye mingcwabo imishado noma emicimbini ethize ehlelwe yizona izikhothane la okwenziwa imincintiswano yokubonakalisa iminotho yazo lezo izikhothane iminotho lena kusuke ku ngama cellphone imali izimpahla noma ugologo isikhothane esingene kulo mncintiswano singathatha izicathulo zaso ezibizayo siziphonsele emlilweni leso sikhothane siyobe sikhombisa ukuthi asinandaba nazo lezo zicathulo ngoba phela sona sinemali singathenga ezinye ezifanayo noma ezibiza okudlula lezi esezishisiwe isikhothane singathatha iwashi laso elibizayo kakhulu siliphihlizele phansi izikhothane eziphumelela kulomncintiswano yilezo ezine zinto eziningi ezibizayo zokumosha igama elithi izikhothane liqhamuka emagameni amabili esizulu ukukhotha nokukhothana yigama lase lokishini elichaza umuntu onezimpahla ezibizayo igama lokukhotha lisentshenziswa ngoba umuntu onenqwaba yemali ukhotha umunwe wakhe ukuze ayibale kahle imali yakhe emicimbini yezikhothane abanye beza ne desert custard iyabiza bese bezininda ngayo bezama ukukhombisa ukuthi bane mali eningi saqala ukuzwa ngezikhothane ekuqaleni kuka elokishini lase sowetho nase diepsloot eningizimu africa kwaphela iminyaka eminingi abantu bengayinaki imicimbi yezikhothane izikhothane ziqale ukuduma kakhulu ngonyaka ka kusiyaphambili izenzo zezikhothane zikhumbuza iningi labantu baseningizimu africa amaswenka ayedume kakhulu ngeminyaka yabo s egoli amaswenka kwakungabantu ababe vela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene belande ukuzosebenza egoli babethanda ukuqgoka izimpahla ezibizayo beqgoka kahle impela babenokuhlela imincintiswano yokuthi kutholakale ukuthi ngubani owayeqgoka kahle ukudlula abanye owaye nqoba kulemincintiswano yokuqgoka kahle waye nikwa imali izimphahla noma imfuyo ayejabula amaswenka ma ewinile ngoba ayesengakwazi nokuthumela umndeni wakhe imali izikhothane zizalwa ebumpofini zithanda ukuphila impilo engaphezukwe mali ezinayo zithenga izinto ezidulayo ziyiqede yonke imali yazo ziqgoka izimpahla ezenziwa ngamadesigners adumile nogologo eziwuphuzayo yilo obiza kakhulu kulemicimbi yabo bayaziphula nomabadabule izimpahla zabo ezibizayo ukuze babukeke njengabantu abanothile abanemali ngaleyo ndlela bayahlonipheka emphakathini ukuze ubizwe njenge sikhothane kufanele ubenezimpahla ezibizayo ezama brand izikhothane zinokuthenga izimpahla ezifanayo ezibizayo ukuze zizokwazi ukudabula enye yalezompahla ngesikhathi somcimbi ziyaye zibuye ziqgoke izicathulo ezinombala ohlukile kunesinye lokhu kukhomba ukuthi banayo imali njalo banazo izicathulo ezibizayo eziningi mabethenge impahla abayikhiphi i price tag ukuze kubonakele ukuthi iyabiza leyo mpahla injongo yomcimbi wezikhothane yikuthi kubonakale ukuthi ngubani onomnotho odlula owabanye awukho umvuzo owutholawo ngokungena kulemicimbi izikhothane zisuke zenzela ukuthi zibonakale ukuthi zinothile zihlonishwe ngumphakathi nokuthi zithandwe ngabantu abazibukelayo izikhothane sezitholakala emalokishini amaningi kiyoyonke iningizimu africa jikeleze lemicimbi yenziwa ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi ezifana nama parks lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthi abantu bakwazi ukubukela amaqembu ezikhothane ebhikisha intsha eneminyaka engaba phakathi kwe shumi nambili namashumi amabili nanhlanu yiyona ethanda ukungena amaqenjini ezikhothane amantombazane nawo aseyatholakala kulamaqembu okubaluleke kakhulu emaqenjini ezikhothane yikuncintisana ekumosheni izinto ezibizayo abamosha kakhulu kunabobonke yibona abanqobayo ukuze isikhothane singene emncitiswaneni wezikhothane kumele sithenge izinto ezibizayo ezifana nezimpahla izicathulo ugologo nakho konke okangabe kubiza kakhulu izimpahla eziqgamile zikhonziwe kule mincintiswano oqgoke izimpahla ezibiza kunabo bonke nguye ozonqoba uma izikhothane sezifikile emicimbini labo abancintisanayo babizelwa ngaphambili abancintisanayo basuke lapho bajayive bebukisa ngempahla yabo ebiza kakhulu ngesikhathi bejayiva bebukisa ngempahla zabo bazikhumula lezompahla bazidabule badabule nemali abanayo baphule ugologo abaze nabo nomabageze ngawo izandla zabo okunye kungase kushiswe ngaleso sikhathi macellphone labiza kakhulu aphonselwa emanzini konke lokhu kubonakalisa ukuthi abazinaki impahla ezibizayo ngobaziningi nemali iningi bangathenga ezinye nomakunini ababukeli yibona abazosho ukuthi wubani onqobile kuyacaca ukuthi intsha ephenduka ibe yizikhothane ayilibheki kakhulu ikusasa labo abazimiselanga ukusebenzisa imali ngendlela efanelekile futhi emqoka izinto zomhlaba bazithathela phezulu bajahe ukuduma nokwaziwa ngamawala amakhulu izikhothane zona zibangwa yisifiso sokubalekela indlala ukuqhathwa ngenxayobu mpofu radio studio network noma studio network kuba into italian radio station yangasese ezinze locri ecalabria emkhathini afinyelele studio network on fm ezifundazweni eziyisishiyagalolunye ezindaweni ezinhlanu eningizimu ye italy messina reggio ecalabria vibo valentia catanzaro cosenza crotone lecce potenza no salerno i izinhlelo libhekene igciwane zomculo hits kanye nokwaziswa real time ne updates nsuku zonke memmo minniti tommaso massara clementina parretta enzo gatto francesca ritorto pino martelli espedita rechichi sergio minniti gianluca lagan rossana pedull ugo la macchia paolo guerrieri antonio lombardo rosy carelli giuseppe galluzzo peppe lentini paolo guerrieri chiara mearelli luca filippone enrico ventrice valentina ammirato massimo apa emily and debora logiacco barbara costa pasquale fragomeni roberta rupo veronica de biase valentina geracitano francesco cunsolo francesco parasporo antonella romeo eleonora femia rosana and regina garofalo debora sainato ugo lully tommaselli pino trecozzi luigi grandinetti eddy and ottavia lombardo antony greco sandro pascuzzo giuseppe evalto stefania morabito i internet movie database esifushanisiwe imdb kuyinto uhlu inthanethi yolwazi ezihlobene amabhayisikobho izinhlelo zethelevishini futhi isiqophi imidlalo ukungenisa abadlali ukukhiqizwa crew balingisi eqanjiwe umlandvomphilo icebo emathebula futhi okubalulekile izhlabane kanye nezisebenzi besho bechaza ulwazi lomsebenzi wabo siqu futhi ulayishe izithombe yodwa imali unyaka ngamunye abasebenzisi be us angenza futhi babheke movie kuka no zethelevishini abavela cbs sony futhi ezimele ifilimu bakaleyisi ehlukahlukene umkhankaso ngo ngu professional computer unicode col needham inkampani sifakwa kwi uk njengoba internet movie database ltd ngo nge imali ekhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa nokukhangisa kwamalayisense futhi ukubambisana ngo yaba osizayo of amazon com ababezimisele ke bakwazi ukuyisebenzisa njengesilwane mthombo advertising ngokudayisa dvd kanye videotapes isifo segciwane le ebola evd or imfiva ye ebola eyophisayo ehf yisifo esihlasela abantu ngegciwane le ebola igciwane le ebola izimpawu zaso zijwayele ukuqala ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya emavikini amathathu emva kokuthintana negciwane kanye nemfiva umphimbo obuhlungu ubuhlungu bemisipha kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu ngokujwayelekile isicanucanu ukubuyisa kanye nokukhishwa yisisu kuyalandela kanjalo nokwehla kwamandla okusebenza kwesibindi kanye nezinso lapho ke abanye abantu baye baqalwe yizinkinga zokopha igciwane lingatholakala ngokuthinta igazi noma uketshezi lwasemzimbeni lesilwane esithelelekile ngokujwayelekile izinkawu noma amalulwane ezithelo ukusabalala ngomoya akukaqoshwa kwezemvelo amalulwane ezithelo kukholakala ukuthi athwala aphinde asabalalise igciwane ngaphandle kokutheleleka uma abantu sebethelelekile isifo sithathelana phakathi kwabantu ngokunjalo abesilisa abasindile basengadlulisa isifo nge sidoda isikhathi esingaba yizinyanga ezimbili ukuze kwenziwe ukuxilonga okuyikho kuye kudingeke ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izifo ezinezimpawu ezifanayo njengo malaleveva ikholera kanye nezinye izifo zegciwane lemfiva eyophisayo azikho ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa okushaya khona amasampula egazi ahlolelwa igciwane kuhlolwe izivikelamzimba igciwane le rna noma igciwane uqobo lwalo izindlela zokuvikela zibandakanya ukunciphisa ukusabalala kwesifo kusuka ezinkawini ezithelelekile kanye nezingulube kuya ebantwini lokhu kungenziwa ngokuhlola ukuthi izilwane ezinjengalezi azithelelekile yini zibulawe bese izidumbu zazo zingcwatshwe ngendlela uma isifo sitholakele ukupheka inyama ngendlela efanele kanye nokugqoka izimpahla zokuvikela lapho kuphathwa inyama nakho kungasiza kanjalo nokugqoka izimpahla zokuvikela kanye nokugeza izandla lapho useduze nomuntu onaso isifo amasampula oketshezi lwasemzimbeni kanye nezicubu ezinesifo kufanele kuphathwe ngokuqikelela okukhulu alikho ikhambi eliqondene nokwelapha lesi sifo imizamo yokusiza abantu abathelelekile ibandakanya ingabe ukwelashwa ngokubuyiselwa amanzi emzimbeni ngokomlomo amanzi okuphuza anoshukela nosawoti noma uketshezi olufakwa ngamapayipi isifo lesi sibulala izindimbane zabantu siye sibulale ama kanye nama alabo abasuke sebethelelekile ngegciwane laso i evd yaqala ukubonakala e sudan kanye nase democratic republic of congo isifo sivame ukuba sivumbuke ezindaweni ezingakwi equator lwe sub saharan africa kusukela ngowe lapho yabonakala khona okokuqala kuze kube ngowezi yingcosana engaphansi kwe yabantu abatheleleke ngonyaka isiga esikhulukazi sokuqubuka kwalesi sifo yilesi esiqhubekayo ukuqubuka kwe ebola entshonalanga afrika ngowezi nokuthinta i guinea sierra leone liberia kanye ke ne nigeria kusukela ngo august bangaphezu kwezi abantu abatholakale nalesi sifo imizamo yokuthola ikhambi isaqhubeka kodwa ke okwamanje alikatholakali i african national congress ianc yiqembu lezombusazwe laseningizimu afrika elasungulwa yizingqalabutho ezinjengo john langalibalele dube umafukuzela owaba ngumongameli wokuqala ngonyaka we kanti ngemva kwalokho kwalandela upixley ka isaka seme inkosi ualbert lutuli nabanye futhi inhlangano ubuzwemnyama njengoba zazivinjelwe eningizimu uhulumeni i anc yanqoba bheka ikhasi eliyinhloko umlando we anc ngeminyaka yo abaholi bayo badingiswa kanti abanye babo babanjwa bagqunywa ejele iminyaka eminingi okubalwa o oliver tambo nonelson mandela kanye nabanye kanti nalo leli qembu lamiswa ukuba lingabe lisaqhubeka nemisebenzi yalo lamiswa ngumbuso wengcindezelo wabamhlophe maningi amalungu we anc adingiswa kanti amanye abulawa ikakhulukazi amalungu lawo abengaphansi kwamasosha e anc umkhonto wesizwe i anc yona yayilwela umbuso wentando yeningi ubulungiswa obulinganayo kuzo zonke izinhlanga zabantu ngonyaka we kwaba khona ukhetho lwezwe lokuqala lwentando yeningi mhla zinga umbasa okhethweni lokuqala lwentando yeningi yezwe we nomhloli walo unelson mandela waba ngumengameli wezwe i anc edume ngokhongolose yavotelwa ngelikhulu isasasa ngabantu abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angama leli qembu likakhongolose anc laletha izinguquko eziningi eningizimu afrika yonke imithetho yengqindezelo yasulwa kwangena intando yeningi kanti nomthethosisekelo nawo wabunjwa kabusha iqembu le anc laphucula izimpilo zabantu ngokwezempilo kwezenhlalakahle zepolitiki zomnotho zokuvikela nakweminye imikhakha ngonyaka we umengameli osedlule kuleli unelson mandela wayesengumengameli waleliqembu ngemva kokukuphatha isikhathi eside kuka oliver tambo ngonyaka we leli qembu laphinda futhi lanqoba ukhetho lukazwelonke lokho okwalenza ukuthi libe namalungu amaningi ephalamende lesizwe kanti nasezikhundleni zikahulumeni ngawo lowo nyaka we umnu thabo mbeki wagcotshwa ukuba abe ngumengameli wezwe ladlondlobala kanjalo iqembu likakhongolose anc kwaze kwafika unyaka we lapho umengameli wezwe kwaba ngujacob zuma polandball owaziwa ngokuthi countryball iyinhlangano ngumsebenzisi meme intanethi eladabuka on the int ibhodi imageboard german krautchan net engxenyeni yokugcina ka the meme kubonakala inqwaba amahlaya online lapho amazwe ethulwa njengoba eyindilinga persona s ukuthi uxhumana in english ngokuvamile ephukile wahlekisa eyeqisayo kazwelonke kwamazwe kanye izingxabano historical isitayela zamahlaya kungenzeka idluliselwe kokubili ngokuthi polandball by emhlanganweni ngisho ezimweni lapho kungekho poland phakathi abalingiswa cartoon kanye countryball noma bebonke countryballs polandball elisuka an august cyberwar phakathi polish abasebenzisi internet kanye nalo lonke izwe on drawball com the website alinikela ngendwangu virtual kuvumela abasebenzisi internet ukudweba noma yini abayifunayo futhi ukudweba phezu imidwebo abanye on the internet polish umqondo wavuswa ukudweba ifulege polish ibhola futhi izinkulungwane nabasepoland ndawonye wakwazi ukuthatha drawball nge umdwebo elimhlophe phezulu ebomvu ne elithi polska ebhalwe phakathi ngemuva ukudidiyelwa kusuka chan lokhu ke ngikumboze by a swastika giant krautchan net kuyinto imageboard ulimi german ogama int ibhodi evame ukukhuluma isingisi s netizen ukuqala meme polandball udumo ku falco umsebenzisi british on int ubani september wadala meme usebenzisa ms paint ngendlela apolitical ukuba troll wojak a pole ebhodini obufanayo kunomthelela in english ephukile emva okuyinto polandball opopayi abangu ngomdlandla edonswa baserussia emakhomiki polandball ingabi abalobi kuchazwa futhi ubani uyakwazi ukwenza omunye lokhu kuye kwaholela meme lokusakaza emasayithini ezehlukene kwi internet kuhlanganise reddit amahlaya ingatholakala ibuye on facebook lapho izwe ngalinye page yayo siqu ezifana usaball and ukball the kwesisekelo of polandball eyathandwa in ukuthandwa ngemva the crash in smolensk ebulale president polish lech kaczyski ingabe sifanekisela poland nomlando ubudlelwano namanye amazwe kanye ngemibono s ukugxila megalomania polish futhi izakhiwo kazwelonke ngaphandle abakhuluma isingisi ones ekuxhumaneni phakathi countryballs bavame ukuba kubhalwe ngesingisi ephukile futhi slang internet okusikhumbuza meme lolcat futhi ekupheleni the cartoon poland okuyinto ngamabomu emelelwe red phezu white the ukuhlanekezela of the flag polish ngokuvamile ngimbone ukukhala kuphakame ezinye amahlaya polandball kusukela embonweni wokuthi russia ingandiza emkhathini kanti poland can not omunye ethandwa kakhulu polandball opopayi luqala embonweni wokuthi earth iyokwenziwa eshaywa meteor giant okuholela wonke amazwe ubuchwepheshe isikhala beshiya earth bangena orbit emhlabeni ekupheleni the cartoon poland namanje emhlabeni uyakhala futhi english ephukile umemezela zebhayibheli polandball ngamazwi akhangayo poland bengayi emkhathini ngale ndlela ezihlekisayo amarashiya wafaka nse yonke ingxoxo nabasepoland on kuliphi izwe ungcono kwesinye yamahlaya polandball okuyinto delves zibe uvuthondaba mlando nezombangazwe poland libonakala boring ezinye countryballs kanye isimemezelo lwaso ngakho lapho thina nechobozekile russia nabaseturkey sic base izwe enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni zaba futhi okuholela ezinye countryballs ehlekisayo kuso poland manje acasuke iyezwakalisa futhi uphakamisa uphawu ethi internet msebenzi obalulekile okuyinto isiqubulo internet esetshenziswa usulu abanye abaphatha izifundo ngokwedelela futhi polandball umhlangano eqeda by ekhala polandball kuhlanganisa amahlaya kwamanye amazwe kodwa by umhlangano la amahlaya ngokuvamile namanje ukubizwa ngokuthi polandball nakuba zingabuye futhi abizwe countryballs amazwe nazo emelelwe balls nakuba singapore uthatha uhlobo unxantathu futhi ubizwa ngokuthi tringapore the empire german of on facebook nakwezinye izindawo noma theory fourth reich on reddit iyinhlangano isikwele abade ngamehlo amancane futhi njengoba reichtangle eyaziwa israel uthatha uhlobo a hypercube ngokuthi israelcube in reference to physics jewish futhi kazakhstan uthatha uhlobo isitini okuthiwa kazakhbrick ngaphezu kwalokho america umdlalo a pair of shades kanye united kingdom ogqoka ilensi eyodwa futhi isigqoko top asetshenziselwa cue amabhola kuya ku ukumela amaqembu ezizwe zendabuko ngaphandle ubuzwe ethile ngokwesibonelo ibhola yellow umele east base asia ibhola maroon umele abomdabu basemelika kanye ball black simele afrika noma abantu abamnyama jikelele akunakwenzeka ukuthi kunezidalwa kwamanye zimelela ibhola green the lula polandball wanezela ukwazisa kwalo ngomlando wezwe kanye focus on ezindabeni zamanje kwenza meme ezifaneleke sikhulumela izenzakalo international phakathi izenzakalo okuye ehlanganiswa polandball futhi kuye kwaphawulwa abezindaba kukhona umbango senkaku islands conclave opapa obonile jorge mario bergoglio kokukhethwa njengoba upapa omusha bomnotho ukrainian obumbi yasecrimea nezindaba eziphathelene abasebenzi filipino in taiwan a umbiko vesti fm kusho post on livejournal ngalo wabuza abafundi uhlu izithombe emihlanu efika engqondweni lapho ucabanga poland noma nabasepoland amakhasi emihlanu izimpendulo efanekisa ubuhlobo obujulile zomlando phakathi russia and poland wakhumbula izihloko kuhlanganise false dmitriy i tomek in the land of the kangaroos by author polish alfred szklarski czterej pancerni i ophaya four tank amadoda inja russophobia and polandball wojciech oleksiak ngokubhala culture pl a project of the okuxhaswa uhulumeni polish adam mickiewicz institute okuyinto has ngenhloso ekuthuthukiseni ulimi kanye namasiko phesheya polish yaphawula ukuthi ngenxa ubani ukukwazi ukwakha yamahlaya polandball khona meme uye wadala amathuba amasha abantu ukuba baveze imibono yabo siqu uhlanga inkolo kanye nomlando in echaza polandball njengesibonelo of ubuhle par on the internet yena waqhubeka wathi iziza yamahlaya kungaba siluhlaza ukudelela zobandlululo bahlukumeza abanye noma nje plain ngesidomu ngenkathi futhi ephawula ukuthi uhlobo kwezombusazwe kabi osomahlaya add to the elikhangayo of the meme ngesikhathi esifanayo oleksiak uphawula ukuthi polandball amahlaya ngokuvamile basebenzisa ethonywe nehaba polish ezifana nabasepoland singakhathazeki ngokuthi olimini english njengoba kwezinye izizwe futhi poland ngokwalo liwumkhiqizo izwe egcwele buthuntu witted psycho amakatolika ngakolunye uhlangothi abanye eyeqisayo abaqashwe polandball amahlaya njenge nabasepoland nokuxoxa izindaba ngomlando isizwe sika ezikhazimulayo ehlala on a martyrdom ejulile ngokuvamile weqiniso kanti ngemibono ukuthi nabasepoland ubambe izakhiwo eziningi kazwelonke usola ezibumbeneko zangaphandle yawo ukwehluleka kuyiqiniso kodwa ngandlela thile kuthethelelwe oleksiak amanothi eyengeziwe kusukela polandball nabasepoland bangafunda ukuba ukuncokola mayelana eside isikhathi sethu amagqubu hong kong isishayina eyayaziwa ngokomthetho ngokuthi hong kong special administrative region of the people republic of china yidolobha ogwini oluseningizimu ye ishayina at the pearl river estuary kanye south china sea hong kong kahle eyaziwa for skyline yayo lubanzi deep itheku yemvelo futhi extreme ukwanda kwabantu eziyizigidi ezingu eziyisikhombisa phezu mass ezweni km mi sq the labantu lamanje hong kong liyizinsuku ethnic chinese a ingxenye enkulu ye hong kong sika isicanton abakhuluma iningi livela engumakhelwane canton esifundazweni manje guangdong kusukela lapho abasebenzi abanamakhono wabaleka emva uhulumeni zamakhomanisi wathatha phezu china ngo futhi kamuva kwemijondolo bakhona ngeminyaka yawo ngemva kokunqotshwa china ngo the first war opium umbuso wasebrithani hong kong waba koloni lasebrithani ne cession esiphakade of hong kong island kulandele peninsula kowloon ngo kanye sokuqasha engu of the territories new in ngemuva kwalo kwakuhlezi japan ngesikhathi sempi yomhlaba yesibili le british wavuselela control kuze june ngenxa ezingxoxweni phakathi china and britain hong kong wayiswa the people republic of china ngaphansi declaration joint sino british umuzi waba china lokuqala special administrative region on july ngaphansi isimiso kwelinye izwe izinhlelo ezimbili towards the late hong kong aphelelwa esungulwe njengoba entrept enkulu phakathi kwezwe and china umkhandlu sewusungule ibe enkulu global yezohwebo hub and isikhungo sezimali ebhekwa njengenye idolobha emhlabeni futhi omunye alpha imizi eyisishiyagalombili it zibalwa yesihlanu global cities index emva new york city london tokyo and paris umuzi enye esiphezulu emalini lengenako in the world futhi engenayo ukungalingani olunzima phakathi iminotfo eziphambili it has a high human development index futhi ibekwe kakhulu embikweni ukuncintisana global hong kong lesithathu elaliyisikhungo esibalulekile kakhulu ngokwezimali emva new york and london the service umnotho esibonakala by intela ephansi futhi ukuhweba khulula iye njengesinye umike mabuyakhulu faire emhlabeni kakhulu imigomo yezomnotho kanti currency dollar hong kong iyona currency adayiswa kakhulu emhlabeni limited izwe flat wadala isidingo ingqalasizinda aminyene futhi umuzi waba isikhungo bokwakha zanamuhla abahola hong kong isihloko kakhulu mpo city hong kong wezwe othuthuke umphakathi network zokuthutha futhi bangamaphesenti angu kweliphezulu izinga in the world lincike zokuthutha mass ngomgwaqo noma rail air ukungcoliswa uhlala a problem loose sna kwekhabhoni nemigomo kwaholela ezingeni lelisetulu nezinhlayiya okwakhiwa ifonetiki yigama elisuselwa olimini lwesigriki elisho umsindo izwi ifonetiki yigatsha lwesifundo ngezilimi elibhekene nemisindo yenkulumo noma  izici zezimpawu ezisetshenziswa olimini lwabantu abayizithulu   ifonetiki ibhekene nokuphinyiswa kwemisindo yenkulumo noma izimpawu ibheka ukuthi imisindo iphinyiswa kanjani isuke kanjani emlonyeni wokhulumayo iye endlebeni yolalele izwakale kanjani kolalele ifonetiki ibheka nokusebenza kwemizwa lapho kusebenza izitho zokuphimisa ifonoloji ngakolunye uhlangothi ibheka okwenzeka emisindweni noma ezimpawini zemisindo lapho isetshenziswa olimini isifundo sefonetiki siyisifundo sezolimi esimkhakhamningi esibhekene nemisindo yenkulumo ezilimini ezikhulunywayo mithathu imikhakha ebhekwayo eyisisekelo le mikhakha iyashiyelana yomithathu iphathelene nemisindo ubude bamaza emisindo iphimbo ukuphakama kanye  nokunyakaza kwezitho zokuphimisa   ifonetiki yayiyisifundo okwasekubhekenwe naso eminyakeni engamakhulu amathathu bc ezwenikazini elincane lasendiya kubhekwa okwenziwe ngupanini ngezitho zokuphimisa kanye nendlela imisindo ephinyiswa ngayo ongwaqa olimini lwesisanskrit namuhla ama alphabhethi amaningi asendiya ahlela ongwaqa bawo ngokuhlela kukapanini ifonetiki  yamanje iqala ngemizamo yabantu abanjengojoshua steele encwadini yakhe ethi prosodia rationalis no alexander melville bell encwadini yakhe ethi visible speech ukwethula uhlelo lokubhalwa kwemisindo yenkulumo isifundo sefonetiki sathuthuka ngokukhulu ukushesha eminyakeni yamakhulu ayi ngenxa yokusungulwa komshini wokushicilela imisindo izingweti kwezefonetiki zazikwazi ukuthi zidlale imisindo ngokuphindiwe zisebenzisa imishini yokwehlukanisa ukuhamba kwemisindo emsindweni ngokwawo ngokwenze njalo umuntu wayekwazi ukusho ngokucophelela ukuthi yikuphi okuphathelene nokuhamba komsindo kusetshenziswa umshini wokushicilela owaziwa ngokuthi yi edison uludimar hermann wacubungula izici zonkamisa nongwaqa kukuwona la maphepha lapho kwasetshenziswa khona okokuqala ithemu elithi format   uhermann wabuye wadlala okushicilelwe ngonkamisa okwakushicilelwe kusetshenziswa umshini wokushicilela ka edison ngesivinini esehlukile ukuze ahlole injulwazi yawowillis nowheatstone eyayingokukhiqizwa konkamisa   uma iqhathaniswa nefonetiki ifonoloji yisifundo esiphathelene nokuthi imisindo kanye nokunyakaza komzimba  okusetshenziswa nenkulumo gestures   kunamaphi amaphethini olimini nakwezinye izilimi nokuthi lokhu kuhambisana kanjani namanye amazinga neminxa yolimi ifonetiki ibhekene nokuphinyiswa kanye nokuhamba kwemisindo yenkulumo ukuthi le misindo ikhiqizwa kanjani nokuthi kwenzekani uma izwiwa ngolalele njengengxenye yalolu cwaningo izingcweti zefonetiki zibheka izici ezibonakalayo zemisindo ezetshenziswa ngabantu enkulumeni ngokobulili ubuhlanga njll a noma kuvunyelwana ngokuthi ifonoloji yeyeme kufonetiki ifonoloji yona iyisifundo esizimele sesifundo sezilimi iphathelene nemisindo kanye nokunyakaza komzimba okusetshenziswa nenkulumo njengamayunithi angabonakali kanye nezinguquko ezihambisana nakho ifonoloji ihambisana nefonetiki ngezimo ezinokwehkukanisa eziveza okungabonakali emisindweni uhlelo lobandlululo olwaziwa ngolimi lwesibhunu ngokuthi yi apartheid okuyigama elisho isimo sokwehlukanisa kwakuwuhlelo lokwehlukanisa izakhamizi zaseningizimu afrika ngokobuhlanga lokhu kwakwenziwa ngamandla emithetho yenational party okwakuyiyona eyayibusa ukusuka nge   ukuya nge ngaphansi kohlelo lobandlululo amalungelo izinhlangano kanye nokunyakaza kwazakhamizi eziningi ezimpisholo nezinye izinhlanga kwancishiswa kwasekuthi umbuso wedlanzana lamabhunu kwabayiwona osimamiswayo umbuso wobandululo waqala ngemuva kwempi yesibili yomhlaba yinational party eyayiholwa ngamabhunu kanye nenhlangano yeafrikaner broederbond lo mcabango wokubusa izakhamizi ngokwahlukanisa waqhutshekiselwa phambili naseningizimu ntshonalanga afrika eyayenganyelwe yiningizimu afrika ngaphansi kwegunya leleague of nations  elachithwa  ngo nge united nations general assembly resolution yaze yathola ukuzimela njengenamibhiya ngo igama elithi ubandlululo lisetshenziswa namuhla ukubhekisa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokwahlukanisa okumiswa yiziphathimandla zikahulumeni kulelo zwe okuphikisana namalungelo omphakathi nawezakhamizi ezisemaqenjini athile ngenxa yokubandlulula ngokohlobo ubandlululo ngokobuhlanga eningizimu afrika kwaqala ngezikhathi zamakholoniyali ngaphansi kwamadashi kwaze kwaba ngo ngenkathi amangisi ethatha elasecape of good hope uhlelo lobandlululo njengomgomo osemthethweni lwaqala ukusetshenziswa ngemuva kokhetho luka umthetho wawehlukanisa izakhamizi ngokobuhlanga ngezigaba  ezine abampisholo   abamhlophe abebala kanye nama ndiya kwathi izinhlanga zaphinde zehlukaniswa ngezigatshana ezimbalwa nezindawo zokuhlala nazo zehlukaniswa ngokobuhlanga ukusuka ngo ukuya ku izigidi ezingu zabantu abamnyama baseningizimu afrika zasuswa emakhaya azo zaphoqelelwa ukuba ziyohlala ezindaweni ezehlukanisiwe okwakuwukususwa kwabantu okukhulu emlandweni wanamuhla ukumelwa kwabantu kwezepolotiki kwapheliswa ngo futhi ukusuka ngalowo nyaka abantu abamnyama bephucwa amalungelo obuzwe ngokusemthethweni banikezwa amalungelo ezabelo zabamnyama ezizimele ezazaziwa ngokuthi ngamabantustans ezine zazo ezagcina ziyimibuso ezimele geqe uhulumeni wehlukanisa nemfundo ezokwelashwa amabhishi kanye nezinye izinkonzo zomphakathi wanikeza abantu abamnyama izinkonzo ezazivame ukuba ngeziphansi ngezinga kunalezo ezazinikezwa abantu abamhlophe uhlelo lobandlululo lwasusa ukuzabalaza nodlame oluningi ngaphakathi nezwe kanye nokunswinywa kweningizimu afrika kwezezikhali nokuhwebelana ukusuka ngawo ukuqhubuka kodlame nokuphikisana nemithetho yezwe okuningi kwahlangabezana nokuvalwa kwababephikisa imithetho yezwe kanye nokuboshwa kwababe ngabaholi ababephikisana nohlelo lobandlululo ekusabalaleni kothuthuva lwembesa izwe   izinhlaka zikahulumeni zaphendula ngokucindezela abantu nangokusebenzisa udlame lokhu kuhambisana nokunswinywa kweningizimu afrika ngamazwe omhlaba kwenza ukuthi kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi uhulumeni aqhubeke nokubusa ukulungiswa kohlelo lobandlululo kwawo kwehluleka ukudambisa ukuphikisana nemithetho yobandlululo eyayiya iphakama umongameli frederik willem de klerk waqala izingxoxo zokuqeda uhlelo lobandlululo ezaholela okhethweni lwazo zonke izinhlanga ngo kulolu khetho i african national congress ngaphansi kukanelson mandela yaphuma phambili   okusele kohlelo lobandlululo kusenawo amandla kwezepolitiki nasemiphakathini ude klerk waqala  isenzo sokudiliza uhlelo lobandlululo ngokukhulula umeluleki kamandela kanye nezinye iziboshwa zepolitiki ejele ngo okthoba noma ukuqedwa kohlelo lobandlululo lwenzeka ngo ukuchithwa kwemithetho yokugcina ephathelene nobandlululo kwenzeka ngo abantu abamnyama babengavunyelwe ukuvota kwaze kwaba ngu kanti ukuqedwa kohlelo lobandlululo kuthathwa ezindaweni eziningi njengento eyavuka ngo okhethweni lwentando yeningi   ilobolo mandulo kwakulisiko olwabe lwenziwa ukuhlanganisa imindeni emibili eyabe ifuna ukuba zihlobo ngokushadiselana ilobolo mandulo kwakulisiko olwabe lwenziwa ukuhlanganisa imindeni emibili eyabe ifuna ukuba zihlobo ngokushadiselana izinkomo zamaloboloke zimele izipho ezivela kumkhwenyana lapho ebonga abazali bentombi afuna ukuyithatha ibe ngumfazi lapho umkhwenyana esuke ethi ngiyabonga mkhwekazi nomkhwe wami ngokungizalela intokazi eyongitholela abantwana ngikhulise umuzi kababa mandulo amalobolo kwabe kuyizipho ezazimelwe zinkomo ngesimanjemanje kodwa izinkomo kwesiye isikhathi sezamelwa yimali kodwake noma sekuyiyo imali isamele zona izinkomo ezazikhishwa kusadliwa ngoludala mandulo izinkomo zamalobolo zabe ziyisithupha nje kuphela inkomo kamama ingquthu inkomo enkulu nebiza kunazo zonke ezinye inkomo kababa inkomo yomqholiso inkomo yesikhumba inkomo yesibhoma nenkomo yebeka lezinkomo zabezibizwa ngezinkomo zamabheka kodwake ngesikhathi abantu abamyama besacindezelwe kakhulu amabhunu ukuze abantu basebenzele amabhunu iskhathi eside beqongelela imali eningi umlungu owayebizwa ngo owayedume ngelika somtsewu ka sonzica owelutha amantu ukuba balobole ngezinye izinkomo ngaphezulu kwalezi eziyisithupha ngezinkomo eziyisihlanu insizwake mase izimisele ukuthatha intombi iyaye ibikele uyise ngalezinhlelo zayo uyise ebese ebiza abalingani bakhe abayomsiza ukuyoxoxisana nalabo akakwantombazane undodana azimisele ukuyithatha ibe ngumfazi abalingani mase bechazeliwe ngohlelo kwakubeke sebenquma usuku lokuyovela lena ekhaya lentombi abazimisele ukuyilobola ngosuku oluhheliwe abakhongi laba masebefika emzini wendoda lapho intombi abazoyilobola ihlala khona bagibela emthini bese bekhuleka behaya ngezithakazelo nezibongo zedoda ephethe lelikhaya okuziwe kulo bayo haya lendoda ngezibongo zanyo nezithakazelo kuze omele umdeni wakwa ntombi le ezolotsholwa bazobona ukuthi labantu abazobanga umsindo emzini wendoda bezengani mebefika esangweni omele ikhaya uyathula angasholutho baze abakhongi laba bakhiphe lenkomo emizwa imvulamlomo sekuyothi mase ikhishiwe lenkomo omele abomndeni wankwantombi ezolotsholwa bese ebuza ukuthi amadoda lawa ezengani nakhu bebanga umsindo emzini wendoda babeke sebechazake udaba abeze ngalo abakhongi uma umndeni uzithanda lezindaba abeze ngazo labakhongi babeke sebemvunyelwa ukungena ngaphakhathi emzini wendoda bezoqedela izingxoxo abezengazo umdeni ubeseke ubiza izintombi zomdeni bacele ukuba abakhongi bakhombe intombi abezengayo mase beyikhombile intombi ibeke isibuzwa ukuthi iyabazi yini labantu uma ivuma ithi iyabazi kubeke sekujatsulwa sekuqhutshekwa nodaba losuku izinkomo amagama azo izindlela eziphuma ngazo kanye nezizathu zakhona zichaziwe lapha ngenzansi ngokulandelana kwazo uhudo or ukukhishwa yisisu yisimo sokukaka into ethambile noma engamanzi okungenani izikhathi ezintathu ukunyakaza kwesisu ngosuku kujwayele ukuthi kube yizinsukwana ezimbalwa kanti futhi kungaholela ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni ngenxa yokulahlekelwa amanzi amaningi izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni zijwayele ukuqala ngokuphelelwa ukunwebeka okujwayelekile kwesikhumba kanye nokushintsha kwendlela umuntu ayiyo lokhu kungaqhubeka kunciphise ukuchama ukulahlekelwa umbala wesikhumba ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngamandla kanye ukwehla kwezinga lokuphendula ngenkathi kuya kulokhu kukuqinisa amakaka athambile kodwa angemanzi ebantwaneni abancela ubisi lwebele kungenzeka kube yinto ejwayelekile imbangela ejwayelekile kuvamise ukuba ukutheleleka ngesifo samathumbu kungaba ngenxa yegciwane ibhaktheriya isilwanyana esiphila ngokudla igazi noma isimo esaziwa gastroenteritis lokhu kutheleleka ngezifo kuvamise ukutholakala ekudleni noma emanzini angcoliswe amakaka noma komunye umuntu naye othelelekile kungahlukaniswa kube yizinhlobo ezintathu uhudo olungamanzi lwesikhathi esifishane uhudo olunegazi lwesikhathi esifishane kanti uma kuqhubeka kuze kuphele amasonto angaphezulu kwamabili kubizwa ngohudo olubeleselayo uhudo olungamanzi lwesikhathi esifishane lungaba yimbangela yokuthelelwa ikholera uma kunegazi kuphinde kwaziwe ngokuthi dysentery zikhona nezinye izinto eziningi ezingabanga uhudo kodwa ezingathelelani ngezifo ezifana hyperthyroidism okungezwani ne esidi isifo sokuvuvukala kwamathumbu imithi eminingi kanye nesifo samathumbu angakwazi ukubekezelela okuthile phakathi kokunye ezikhathini eziningi izintwana ezihlala emakakeni azidingeki ukuze kutholakale ukuthi yizo yini imbangela indlela esingavikela ngayo ukutheleleka ngohudo kungaba ukwenza ngcono ukuthuthwa kwendle ukuphuza amanzi ahlanzekile kanye nokuwasha izandla ukuncelisa ubisi lwebele okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala kuyanconywa ngoba kuwumgomo wokugomela igciwane le rotavirus ingxube eyisisombululo sokoma ephuzwa ngomlomo i ors okungamanzi ahlanzekile anosawoti ongemningi kanye noshukela yikona kwelapha ongakukhetha amaphilisi e zinc nawo ayanconywa lokhu kwelapha kulinganiselwa ekusindiseni izingane eziyizigidi ezingama eminyakeni engama eyedlule uma abantu benesifo sohudo kuyanconywa ukuthi baqhubeke nokudla ukudla okunempilo kanti nabantwana baqhubeke nokunceliswa ubisi lwebele uma ingxube yokuphuza eyi ors edayisayo ingekho ungasebenzisa ozenzele yona ekhaya kulabo asebephelelwe amanzi kakhulu emzimbeni kungase kudingeke ukuthi bafakelwe amanzi ngemithambo yegazi okwaziwa intravenous fluids isikhathi esiningi kodwa kungalungiseka nangokuphuza izinto eziluketshezi ngomlomo okulwa namagciwanes noma kungajwayele ukusetshenziswa kunganconywa kulabo abanohudo olunegazi kanye nokushisa kakhulu komzimba labo abakhishwa isisu kakhulu emva kohambo ngemotoukukhishwa yisisu emva kohambo ngemoto kanye nalabo abamilwa yibhakutheriya ethile noma izilwanyana eziphila ngegazi emakakeni abo i loperamide ingasiza ukunciphisa izikhathi zokunyakaza kwesisu kodwa akunconywa kulabo abanesifo esinamandla balinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi kuya kwezi abantu ababa nesifo sohudo ngonyaka kujwayeleke kakhulu emazweni asathuthuka lapho izingane ezincane ziba nesifo sohudo okungenani kathathu onyakeni emhlabeni jikelele ngonyaka wezi yikho okuyimbangela ejwayelekile yokushona ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu yobudala isigidi esiyi noma iziqubu ezijwayelekile zohudo zivamise ukubangelwa ukungondleki kanti futhi yikho okuyimbangela kulabo abancane abangaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu yobudala ezinye izinkinga zesikhathi eside zingaba imiphumela yokungakhuli kahle komzimba nengqondo imfundo inqubo lula yokufunda ulwazi amakhono amagugu izinkolelo nemikhuba iqembu labantu zidluliselwa abanye abantu ngokusebenzisa storytelling ingxoxo ukufundisa ukuqeqesha noma ucwaningo imfundo njalo senzeka ngaphansi kokuqondisa kothisha kodwa abafundi futhi kungenzeka bazifundise kukambiso ebizwa yokufunda autodidactic noma isiphi isenzakalo ukuthi kunomphumela okwakhayo endleleni eyodwa acabanga azizwa noma izenzo kungacatshangwa zemfundo ngokomqondo igama elithi imfundo lisuselwa egameni lesilatini elithi ducti ukuzalela ukukhulisa ukukhulisa ku duc ngifundisa ngiziqeqesha okuhlobene negama eliyisiqalo dc ngiyahola ngiyakhipha ngiyakhuphuka ngiyakhuphuka ku kusuka kuphume naku dc ngiyahola ngiyaphatha imfundo yaqala ngokubekwa phambili njengoba abantu abadala babeqeqesha abasha ngolwazi namakhono abonwa efanelekile emphakathini wabo emiphakathini yangaphambi kokufunda lokhu kutholwe ngomlomo nangokulingiswa ulwazi olwedlulisa izindaba amanani kanye namakhono kusuka kwesinye isizukulwane kuye kwesinye njengoba amasiko aqala ukunweba ulwazi lwawo ngaphezu kwamakhono angafundwa kalula ngokulingisa kwasungulwa imfundo ehlelekile izikole zazikhona egibhithe ngesikhathi sombuso wasemiddle east umatteo ricci kwesobunxele noxu guangqi kwesokudla kuhlobo lwesishayina lwe euclid s elements olushicilelwe ngo uplato wasungula i academy e athene isikhungo sokuqala semfundo ephakeme eyurophu umuzi wase alexandria egibhithe owasungulwa ngonyaka ka bce waba owalandela esikhundleni se athene njengomfundi wokufundisa wegrisi yasendulo lapho ilabhulali enkulu yase alexandria yakhiwa ngekhulu lesi bce izimpucuko zaseyurophu zathola ukuwohloka kokufunda nokubhala kwenhlangano ngemuva kokuwa kweroma ngo ce e china uconfucius bce wesifundazwe saselu wayeyisazi sefilosofi sasendulo esinamandla kunazo zonke ezweni esinombono wezemfundo oqhubeka nomthelela emiphakathini yasechina nomakhelwane abanjengokorea japan nevietnam uconfucius waqoqa abafundi futhi wafuna ngeze umbusi owayezosebenzisa izinhloso zakhe zokuphatha kahle kepha ama analelect akhe abhalwa phansi abalandeli futhi baqhubeka nomthelela kwezemfundo e east asia enkathini yesimanje ama aztec futhi abenomqondo othuthuke kahle mayelana nemfundo enegama elifanayo esinahuatl elibizwa ngokuthi yi tlacahuapahualiztli kusho ubuciko bokukhulisa noma ukufundisa umuntu noma ubuciko bokuthi baqinise noma bakhulise amadoda lokhu bekungumbono obanzi wemfundo onqume ukuthi iqale ekhaya ixhaswe yisikole esisemthethweni futhi kuqiniswe ngokuphila komphakathi izazi mlando zithi imfundo ehlelekile yayiyimpoqo yawo wonke umuntu kungakhathalekile ukuthi ngubani osezingeni lomphakathi kanye nobulili kwakukhona negama elithi neixtlamachiliztli elithi isenzo sokunika ukuhlakanipha kobuso le micabango igcizelela isethi eyinkimbinkimbi yemikhuba yemfundo eyayiqondiswe ekwaziseni isizukulwane esilandelayo isipiliyoni namagugu obuhlakani besikhathi esedlule ngenhloso yokuthuthuka komuntu ngamunye kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwakhe nomphakathi ngemuva kokuwa kwerome isonto lamakhatholika laba ukuphela komgcini wezifundo zokufunda nokubhala entshonalanga yurophu isonto lisungule izikole zesonto lama old age ages njengezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme okunye kwalokhu kusungulwa kwagcina kwenziwa kumayunivesithi aphakathi nongokhokho bamanyuvesi amaningi anamuhla aseyurophu ngesikhathi senkathi enkulu yokuphakathi ichartres cathedral yayisebenzisa isikole samakhatholika esidumile nesinethonya amanyuvesi aphakathi kwelobukholwa lasentshonalanga ahlanganiswe kahle kulo lonke elasentshonalanga yurophu akhuthaza inkululeko yokubuza imibuzo futhi akhiqiza izifundiswa ezahlukahlukene nezazi zefilosofi zemvelo kubandakanya uthomas aquinas wasenyuvesi yasenaples urobert grosseteste wasenyuvesi yase oxford umdaluli wokuqala wendlela ehlelekile yokuhlolwa kwesayensi nosanta albert the great iphayona locwaningo lwebhayoloji yemvelo yasungulwa ngonyaka we i university of bologne ibhekwa njengeyokuqala kanti neyunivesithi yakudala esebenza njalo kwenye indawo phakathi nenkathi ephakathi isayensi yamasulumane nemathematics kukhula ngaphansi kwe islamic caliphate eyasungulwa ngaphesheya kwe middle east isuka e iberian peninsula entshonalanga kuya e indus empumalanga kuya embusweni we almoravid nasemalanda eningizimu i renaissance eyurophu yaqala inkathi entsha yokubuza kwesayensi neyengqondo nokwazisa kwempucuko yasendulo yamagrikhi neyaseroma cishe ngo ujohannes gutenberg wasungula umshini wokunyathelisa owawuvumela ukuba izincwadi zezincwadi zisakaze ngokushesha i european age of empires yabona imibono yaseyurophu yemfundo ngefilosofi inkolo ubuciko kanye nesayensi yasakazeka emhlabeni wonke izithunywa zevangeli nezazi zibuye nemibono emisha evela kwezinye izimpucuko njengamahulumeni amajesuit china abambe iqhaza elikhulu ekusatshalalisweni kolwazi isayensi kanye namasiko phakathi kwechina neyurophu ukuhumusha imisebenzi isuka eyurophu efana ne euclid s elements yabafundi base china kanye imicabango yeconfucius yezethameli zaseyurophu ukukhanyiselwa kwabona ukuvela komqondo wokufunda wezwe ovela eyurophu emazweni amaningi namuhla imfundo yesikhathi esigcwele kungaba sesikoleni noma ngenye indlela iyimpoqo kubo bonke abantwana kuze kube iminyaka ethile ngenxa yalokhu ukwanda kwemfundo ephoqelekile kuhlanganiswe nokwanda kwesibalo sabantu i unesco ibala ukuthi eminyakeni engama ezayo abantu abaningi bazothola imfundo ehlelekile kunawo wonke umlando wesintu kuze kube manje ukuchaza amaphupho kuyingxenye esemqoka osikweni lwamazulu umbuso wemimoya uyingxenye yansukuzonke empilweni yemiphakathi eminingi yama afrika futhi kumazulu ngamaphupho awumongo alombuso izincazelo nemifanekiso okwakha izwe lamaphupho lamazulu kuguquguquke ngokwehlukana kwimifanekiso yasentshonalanga futhi kwenza uhlelo lwezincazelo olunothile noluvusa imizwa osikweni lwamazulu amaphupho axhumanisa abaphilayo nokhokho namadlozi nokhokho namadlozi nabo baxhumana kanjalo nabaphilayo kwesinye isikhathi amaphupho anikeza impendulo ezintweni umuntu azithandazele noma acele usizo lokuzixazulula kodwa futhi angamane azifikele nje ukuzonikeza isiqondiso ezimpilweni zabantu amanye amaphupho acacile ngokuqondile angachazwa kalula nje yilowo ophuphile kodwa amaphupho ayinkimbinkimbi nangaqondakali angadinga usizo lwesangoma umelaphi wendabuko ukuwaqonda lokhu kuvamise lapho iphupho lihilela izenzo zabanye abantu noma lidinga ukuba ophuphile kube khona akwenzayo ukushweleza noma ukukhonza amadlozi kumazulu ukuphindaphinda kwephupho noma uphawu kwenza indingeko ibenkulu ekuqondeni nasekuthatheni izinyathelo ukuphupha nje kanye kungebe ndabazalutho kodwa uma iphupho liphindaphinda noma licace bha kumele lichazwe futhi kuthathwe nezinyathelo i ndlu yangasese yomgodi noma ithoyilethe lomgodi wuhlobo lwendlu yangasese eqoqa indle yabantu emgodini emhlabathini aziwasebenzisi amanzi noma zisebenzisa amancane angaba amalitha amathathu abawathelayo ukuhambisa indle endlini yangasese enomgodi uma zakheke kahle futhi zinakekeleka kahle zingakunciphisa ukusabalala kwezifo ngokunciphisa inani lendle yabantu endalweni okutholakala ngokuhlala kwendle obala lokhu kunciphisa ukudluliseka kwamagciwane phakathi kwendle kanye nokudla kwezimpukane lawa magciwane yiwona ayimbangela enkulu yesifo sohudo kanye nokuba nezikelemu isifo sokuho esithathelanayo sabangela ukushona kwezingane eziyizigidi eziyi ezineminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu ngonyaka wezi kanye nokuphutha esikoleni izinsuku eziyizigidi ezingama izindlu zangasese zomgodi yiyona ndlela eshibhile yokuhlukanisa indle nabantu indlu yangasese yomgodi ivamise ukuba nezingxenye ezintathu ezinkulu umgodi emhlabathini itshe noma iphansi elinembob encane kanye nesembozo indlu yangasese yomgodi ivamise ukuba ngamamitha ama izinyawo ezi ukuya phansi kanaye nemitha eli izinyawo ezi ukuya eceleni inhlangano yezempilo yomhlaba incoma ukuthi kwakhiwe kuqhelelane nomuzi ukuze kungatholakali amagciwane ahogelwayo ukuba kude kusuka emanzini angaphansi kanye namanzi angaphezulu kumele kube kukhulu ukuze kugwemeke ukunukubezeka kwamanzi imbobo esetsheni eliphansi akumele ibe ngaphezulu kwamasentimitha angama amayintshi ukuvikela izingane zingaweli phakathi kumele ukugweme ukungena kwelanga emgodini wendlu yangasese ukuze kunciphe ukungena kwezimpukane lokhu kungadinga ukuthi kusetshenziswe isivalo ukuze simboze umgodi uma ungasetshenziswa uma umgodi ugcwala uze ufike ku wemitha izinyawo eziyi phezulu kumele uthululwe noma kumbiwe umgodi omusha endaweni entsha ukulawula udaka lwendle olukhishwe emgodini kunzima kungaba nobungozi endalweni nakwezempilo uma kungenziwanga ngendlela eyiyo indlu yangasese yomgodi ingathuthukiswa ngezindlela eziningi eyokuqala kungaba ukufaka ipayipi elizokhipha iphunga lisuke ngaphakathi emgodini liphumele ngaphandle ngaphezulu kwesakhiwo leso lokhu kwenza ngcono ukungena komoya kuphinde kunciphise nephunga lendlu yangasese kuphinde kunciphise nezimpukane uma ingaphezulu lepayipi livalwe ngento ebizwa nge mesh imvamisa isuke yakhiwe nge fiberglass ukhethe olusangilasi oluxutshwe noplastiki kulezi zinhlobo zezindlu zangasese asidingeki isivalo sokuvalaumgodi ophansi okunye okungenziwa ukwenza ngcono lezi zindlu zangasese kubandakanya iphansi elakhiwe ngendlela yokuthi uketshezi lungene emgodini bese kuthi ingaphezulu lomgodi lakhiwe ngezitini noma ngosimende ukuze liqine kahle ngokwezibalo zangowezi izindlu zangasese zomgodi zisetshenziswa abantu abayizigidigidi ezingu lokhu kujwayeleke kakhulu emhlabeni osathuthuka kanjalo nasezindaweni zasemakhaya kanye nasezindaweni ezisemaphandleni ngonyaka wezi abantu abangalinganiselwa ezigidigidini ezingu babengenazo izindlu zangasese ezisesimweni esihle kwathi abayisigidigidi esisodwa baqoma ukuzikhulula ezindaweni ezivulekile ngalapho behlala khona e asia eseningizimu kanye ne afrika ese sub saharan yizona zindawo ezingenazo izindlu zangasese emazweni asathuthuka indlu yangasese yomgodi ibiza phakathi kuka no usd ukuyinakekela okuqhubekayo kubiza phakathi kuka no usd umuntu ngamunye ngonyaka okuyizinto ezingavamisile ukubhekwa kwezinye izingxenye zezindawo zasemakhaya e india kusetshenziswe umkhankaso obizwa nge no toilet no bride okungukuthi uma ungenayo indlu yangasese angeke umthole umfazi ukukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zangasese ngokugqugquzela abesifazane ukuthi banqabe ukushada nendoda engenayo indlu yangasese ukungondleki noma ukungabi namsoco isimo esidalwa ukudla okungenazo izakhimzimba ezanele noma okunezakhamzimba eziningi zize zibange izifo izakhamzimba ezibalwayo zingabandakanya amakhalori amaprotheni isitashi amavithamini noma amaminerali kuvamise ukusetshenziselwa ukubiza ukudla okungenazo izakhamzimba ezanele uma amakhalori iphrotheni noma izakhamzimba ezincane ezibalulekile engenele kodwa kuphinde kubandakanye ukudla okunezakhamzimba eziningi ngokweqile uma ukushoda kwezakhamzimba kwenzeka ngesikhathi ukhulelwe noma ngaphambi kweminyaka emibili yobudala kungase kudale izinkinga zesikhathi eside ekukhuleni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo ukungabi nawo kakhulu umsoco okwaziwa ngendlala kungaba nezimpawu ezibandakanya ukuba mfishane umzimba owondile amazinga aphansi kakhulu omdlandla kanye nokuvuvukala kwemilenze kanye nesisu abantu futhi bavamise ukuthola izifo kanti futhi bajwayele ukugodola izimpawu zokungabi nazo izakhamzimba ezincane ezibalulekile kuya ngokuthi yisiphi isakhamzimba esishodayo ukungabi nawo umsoco imvamisa kudalwa ukungatholi ukudla okusezingeni eliphezulu esingakudla lokhu kuvamise ukudalwa amanani aphezulu okudla kanye nenhlupheko uma ungazange uncelise ubisi lwebele kungase kube nomthelela ngoba eziningi zezifo ezithelelanayo ezifana ne gastroenteritis ukuvuvukala kwesisu namathumbu inyumoniya umalaleveva kanye nesimungumungwana okukwenyusa isidingo somsoco wezakhamzimba kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili zokungabi namsoco ukungabi namsoco wephrotheni yamandla kanye nokungabi namsoco ekudleni esikudlayo ukungabi namsoco wephrotheni yamandla kunezindlela ezimbili ezimbi kakhulu i marasmus ukuntuleka kwephrotheni nekhalori kanye nekhwashu ukuntuleka kwephrotheni ukungabi khona komsoco okujwayelekile kubandakanya ukuntuleka i ayoni i ayodini kanye vithamini a ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngenxa yokunyuka kwesidingo salezi zakhamzimba ukushoda kwazo kuba yinto ejwayelekile kwamanye amazwe asathuthuka ukuba nomsoco ongaphezulu kodingekayo ngokuba yisidudla sekuthanda ukujwayeleka emphakathini njengokungabi namsoco ezinye izimbangela zokungondleki zibandakanya i anorexia nervosa ukonda ngokweqile kanye ne bariatric surgery kubantu abadala ukungondleki kuba yimvamisa ngenxa yezinto ezithinta umzimba ingqondo kanye nenhlalakahle imizamo yokwenza ngcono izakhamzimba yizona zindlela ezisebenzayo zokusiza ukukhula ukuncelisa ubisi lwebele nakho kunganciphisa ukungondleki kanye nokushona ebantwaneni kanti nemizamo yokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwalokhu iyawenyusa amazinga ezinganeni ezincane ukuzinika ukudla phezu kobisi lwebele uma sebephakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni emibili kuyenza ngcono imiphumela kukhona nobufakazi obuhle obeseka ukusebenzisa izinsiza zokudla ezitholakala emsocweni odingekayo ngesikhathi ukhulelwe nasezinganeni ezincane ezweni elithuthukayo ukuyisa ukudla kubantu abakudinga kakhulu okungaba ukuhambisa ukudla kanye nokuhambisa imali ukuze abantu bezothenga ukudla ezitolo eziseduze nabo nakho kuyasebenza ukunika abantu ukudla esikoleni kuphela akwenele ukulawulwa kokungondleki okukhulu ekhaya lalowo muntu ukudla okwelaphayo osekulungele ukudliwa kungenzeka isikhathi esiningi kulabo abangondlekile okwenziwa nzima ezinye izimo zezempilo kunconywa ukuthi balashelwe esibhedlela lokhu kuvamise ukubandakanya ukulawula ukwehla kwezinga likashukela egazini izinga lokushisa emzimbeni ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokudla kancane kancane kunconywa ukuphuzwa kwama antibiotic ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lobungozi besifo izindlela zesikhathi eside zibandakanya ukuthuthukisa ezolimo ukuze kuzoncipha inhlupheko kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthwa kwendle kanye ukuhlonyiswa kwabesifazane ngonyaka wezi abantu ababengondlekile babeyizigidi ezingama emhlabeni okwakunyuke ngezigidi ezingama kusukela ngonyaka we esinye isigidigidi sabantu naso silinganiselwa ukuthi sintula amavithamini kanye nezakhamzimba ngonyaka wezi ukushoda komsoco wephrotheni yamandla kuthiwa yaholela ekushoneni kwabantu abangama okwehla kusuka kwabangama ngonyaka we okunye ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba okubandakanya ukushoda kwe ayodini kanye nokushoda kwe ayoni nakho kwabanga ukushona kwabantu abangama ukungondleki ngonyaka wezi kwaba ngu wembangela yabo bonke ababa nokukhubazeka ezimpilweni zabo kukholakala ukuthi kulinganiselwa kokuthathu kokuyishumi kuyimbangela yokushona kwezingane ngenxa yokungondleki kodwa ke akuvamisile ukuthi kushiwo lokhu njengesizathu sokushona kwengane ngonyaka wezi kuthiwa ukungondleki kwaba nomthelela ekushoneni kwabesifazane nezingane eziyisigidi esi yize noma isilinganiso sesibalo singaba ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezi ezinye izingane ezingaphezulu kwezigidi eziyi ukukhula okufanele kulesi sifo ukungondleki kuvamisile emazweni asathuthuka i hepatitis a kudala eyayaziwa ngesifo ngokuvuvukala kwesibindi okuthelelanayo yisifo sibucayi isifo esithelelanayo sesibindi esidalwa ukuvuvukala kwesibindi okwaziwa nge hepatitis a virus hav izikhathi eziningi kuba nezimpawu ezincane noma zingabi khona nhlobo ikakhulukazi kulabo abancane isikhathi phakathi kokutheleleka nokuvela kwezimpawu kulabo ababa nazo izimpawu kuba yisikhathi esiphakathi kwamasonto amabili nayisithupha uma izimpawu zikhona zivamise ukubonakala kuze kuphele amasonto ayisishiyagalombili kanti kungabandakanya lezi ukucanuzelelwa yinhliziyo ukuphalaza ukukhishwa yisisu isikhumba esiphuzi umkhuhlane kanye nokuphathwa yiqolo bangalinganiselwa phakathi kuka abantu abangaba nezimpawu ezifanayo esikhathini esiyizinyanga eziyisithupha emva kokutheleleka kokuqala ukuhluleka kwesibindi okubucayi akuvamisile ukwenzeka kuvamise kakhulu kubantu abadala imvamisa sisatshalaliswa ukudla noma ukuphuza okuphuzwayo noma amanzi angcolile anamakaka athelelekile i shellfish engaphekiwe yavuthwa kahle ivamise ukuba yiyona mbangela ejwayelekile ingaphinde isabalale ngokusondelana eduze nomuntu othelelekile njengoba isikhathi esiningi izingane zingavamisile ukuba nezimpawu ezibonakalayo uma zithelelekile nazo ziyakwazi kodwa ukuthelela abanaye emva kokutheleleka kanye umuntu akabe esatheleleka impilo yakhe yonke ukuxilongwa kudinga ukuthi kuthathwe igazi ngoba izimpawu ziyafana nezinye zezinye izifo eziningi ingeyodwa yamagciwane aziwayo e hepatitis a b c d kanye ne e umjovo wokugomela i hepatitis a isivikeli esisebenzayo amanye amazwe ancoma ukuthi kwenziwe kuzo zonke izingane kanye nalabo abasengcupheni kakhulu abangakaze bajovelwe ukugomela lesi sifo kubonakala kusebenza isikhathi eside ezinye izindlela zokuvikela zibandakanya ukugeza izandla kanye nokupheka ukudla kuvuthwe kahle akukho okwelapha okuqondene ngqo kunconywa ukuphumula nemithi yokucanuzelelwa yinhliziyo noma ukukhishwa yisiu uma kunesidingo emhlabeni jikelele kuba khona izimpawu ezingaba izigidi eziyi ezibonakala unyaka nonyaka okungaba izigidi ezingamashumi amaningi ezithelelekile kuzo zonke kuvamise kakhulu ezifundeni ezisendaweni ezingenazo izinsiza zokuthuthwa kwendle nalezi ezingenawo amanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni osathuthuka zilinganiselwa ku izingane ezithelelekayo uma zineminyaka e yobudala bese lokho kwenza ukuthi zingabe zisatheleleka uma sezindala kuvamise ukuqubuka emazweni asemaphakathi nentuthuko lapho izingane zingalitholi leli gciwane ngenkathi zisencane kuphinde futhi kungabi khona mijovo yemigomo ekhishwayo ngonyaka wezi i hepatitis a ebucayi yabulala abantu abayi usuku lomhlaba lwe hepatitis lugujwa njalo unyaka nonyaka mhla zingama kuntulikazi ukuze kuxwayiswe abantu ngegciwane lokuvuvukalelwa yinhliziyo elaziwa nge hepatitis umalaleveva isifo esithelelanayo esithwalwa omasikido esiphatha abantu kanye nezinye izilwane esibangelwa ukucinzwa umasikido protozoans uhlobo lwesicubu esisodwa i microorganism sohlobo lwe plasmodium umalaleveva ubanga izimpawu ezibandakanya umkhuhlane ukutubeka ukuphalaza kanye nokuphathwa yikhanda uma kukubi kakhulu kungabangela isikhumba esiphuzi ukuxhuzula i coma noma ukufa lezi zimpawu zivamise ukuqala ezinsukwini ezilishumi kuya kwezilishumi nanhlanu emva kokuncinzwa umasikido kulabo abangalashwanga kahle isifo singaphinde sibuye emva kwezinyanga kulabo abasindile ekuthelelekeni uma uphinda utheleleka kuvamise ukuba nezimpawu ezincane lokhu kuvimbeleka kwesikhashana kuyaphela emva kwezinyanga noma iminyaka uma ungaphindanga waba sendaweni engaba nomalaleveva imvamisa isifo sihanjiswa ukuncizwa umasikido wesifazane onesifo owaziwa nge anopheles lokhu kuncizwa kungenisa izilwane eziphila ngegazi ezisuka ematheni kamasikido ziye kumuntuegazini izilwane eziphila ngegazi zibe seziya esibindini lapho ezifike zikhule khona zizalane zande izinhlobo ezinhlanu ze plasmodium zingathelela abantu baphinde bazisabalalise ukufa imvamisa kubangelwa p falciparum ne p vivax p ovale kanye p malariae okujwayele ukubangela umalaleveva ongenawo amandla kakhulu lezi zilwanyana p knowlesi azivamisile ukubanga isifo kubantu umalaleveva uvamise ukuxilongwa ngokuhlola ngezipopolo kwegazi kusetshenziswa amafilimu egazi noma nge antigen ukuhlola okusheshayo izindlela ezisebenzisa i polymerase chain reaction ukuze kutholakale izilwanyana eziphila ngegazi dna isisunguliwe kodwa azikasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinomalaleveva ojwayele ngenxa yezindleko zayo kanye nokuba nzima kwayo ubungozi besifo bungancipha ngokuvimbela ukuncinzwa omasikido ngokusebenzisa inethi yomasikido kanye nemithi exosha izilwanyana noma ngezindlela zokulawula omasikido ezifana nokufutha imithi ebulala izilwanyana kanye nokumoma amanzi amile imithi eminingi ikhona yokuvikela umalaleveva kulabo abavakashayo ezindaweni ezijwayele ukuba nalesi sifo ukuphuza umuthi ngezikhathi ezithile sulfadoxine pyrimethamine kuyadingeka ezinganeni kanye nasemva kwezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala uma ukhulelwe ezindaweni ezinesibalo esiphezulu samalaleveva yize isidingo sikhona awukho umuthi okhona kodwa ke kusenziwa imizamo yokuwuthola ukwelashwa okunconywayo kokwelapha umalaleveva ukuhlanganisa imithi elwisana nomalaleveva ebandakanya artemisinin umuthi wesibili kungaba yi mefloquine lumefantrine noma i sulfadoxine pyrimethamine quinine ndawonye ne doxycycline ingasetshenziswa uma i artemisinin ingatholakali kunconywa ukuthi ezindweni lapho isifo sivamise khona umalaleveva uqinisekisiwe ukuthi ukhona ngaphambi kokuthi uqale nokwelashwa ngenxa yokunyuka kokungasebenzi komuthi ukungazweli sekuvamile emithini eminingi isibonelo ukungazweli kwe chloroquine p falciparum sekusabalale cishe izindawo eziningi ezinomalaleveva kanti nokungazweli kwe artemisinin sekube yinkinga kwezinye izingxenye ze eshiya eseningizimumpumalanga isifo sisabalele ezifundeni ezizungeze i equator zizungeze i equator tropical kanye nezifunda eziphakathi kwe equator ne temperate subtropical ezikhona emhlabeni jikelele ezizungeze equator lokhu kubandakanya eziningi sub saharan africa i eshiya kanye latin america inhlangano yezempilo yomhlaba ilinganisa ukuthi ngonyaka wezi kwaba khona abantu abayi wezigidi ababenomalaleveva ngalowo nyaka isifo kulinganiselwa ukuthi sabulala abantu abaphakathi kuka no abaningi babo kwakuyizingane zase afrika umalaleveva ujwayele ukuhlanganiswa nenhlupheko kanti futhi unomthelela omubi ekuthuthukeni komnotho e africa kulinganiselwa ukuthi balahlekelwa wezigidigidi zase usd ngonyaka ngenxa yokunyuka kwezindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukungakwazi ukusebenza kanye nomthelela kwezokuvakasha izibongo zengonyama ushaka udlungwane kandaba udlungwane lombelebele oluhlunge emanxulumeni kwaze kwasa amanxuluma esebikelana ilembe eleq amanye amalembe ngokukhalipha unodum ehlezi kamenzi usishak asishayeki umta ka senzangakhona ushaka ngiyesaba nokuthi ungushaka ngoba ushaka kwakuyinkosi yasemashobeni bath ushaka kayikubusa akaykuba nkosi kanti kulaph ezakunethezeka khona umlilo wothathe kamjokwane umlilo wothathe ubuhanguhangu oshis zikhova ezisedlebe kwaye kwasha nezisemabedlana bayethe bogambushe nani bofaku nize ningamthinti umtakandaba ngoba ningathi niyamthinta kobe nithint uphunga nathint umageba undab ocaba ngomkhonto amany amakhos ecaba ngamazembe ugasane kade lubagasela lugasel imizi yamadoda lugasel uphungashe ezalwa kwabuthelezi lugasel usondaba womthand ehlez ebandla lugasel umangwane engonyameni lugasel ufaku emampondweni lugasel ugambushe emampondweni inkonyane kandaba eth isadl ezinye yadl ezinye yath isadl ezinye yadl ezinye eth isadl ezinye yadl ezinye yath isadl ezinye yadl ezinye eth isadl ezinye yadl ezinye wena wendlovu bayete udlungwana kandaba udlungwana wombelebele odlung emanxulumeni kwaze kwas amanxulum esibikelana ushaka akashayeki kanjengamanzi ilemb eleq aamnye amalembe ngokukhalipha ushaka ngiyesaba ukuthi ngushaka ushaka kuyinkosi yasemashobeni umahlome hlathini onjengohlanya uhlany olusemehlwen amadonda udabaz ithafa ebeliya kumfene ubholokoqa bazalukanisile zalikaniswe unoju nongqengenye eyakwantombazi neyakwanandi yayikhiph eshaba libomvu bambiz emthandeni beyisela bathi singesinelane nentungwa lasenhla kanti uzawudl uphakathwayo empindelweni umvumeleni ugodolozi ethi ngowanganeno kwanandi kant ukude kwantombazana amazwi mabili engiwabongayo ngibong elikampandaba nelikandungenkomo bethi ucu aluhlangan entabeni akenibuze kwabasezinkondeni kwahlokohloko kwaf amasi kwaf uqephe uteku lwabafazi bakwamgabhi betekula behlez emlovini beth ushaka kakubusa kakuba nkosi inkom ekhal emthonjaneni izizwe zonke ziyizwil ukulila izwiwe udunjwa waseluyengweni yezwiwa umangcengeza wakwakhali umlilo wothathe ubuhanguhangu oshis izikhova ezisedlebe kwaya kwasha nezisemabendlana odabule kundima nomgovu imikhubulo bayishiy zinqindi imbewu bayishiya semahlangeni izalukazi zasala emanxiweni amaxhegu asala semizileni odabule kubhungane phezulu wakhethelwa udwendwe lamaza wadlula kumcombo zigoduka ondlela bazibuza kudunjwa yen aphang kuya kunomagaga lafik iqhude lamvimbela ozulu lizayo khwezan abantwana ngabadala bodwa abazozibalekela oye wakh amaxhib othukela lapho kucushw isilo ngomwowane weza nokhungwayo ngongobizembe ondande ngankalo wabuya ngonkalo undab ubengababele kuya wayeland umacingwane wasengonyameni ondande ngokhal olude wadabul emathanjeni abantabakatayi engonyameni ozihlandlo kagcwabe nomepho kangwane ngibasolile abasokoco bamweze ngelisacons amathe bamwenze ngelezimvubu nezingwenya izimvubu nezingwenya zayikhex imilomo okhangel ezansi namadungela izinkomo zabuya zikasihayo ezazisengwa indiki lakwamavela obesixhokolo singamatsh asenkandla abephephel izindlov uba liphendule aphephel uphungashe wakwabuthelezi izindlovu zabuye zalibalekela ulusiba gojela ngalaphaya kwenkandla lugojela njalo ludl amadoda ubhiyoze unomangci phezulu kwakungabangwa lutho ngakwanyuswa kwakubangw izinhlakuva semanxiweni bathi ntekenteke zilinden amajuba wafika wababulala bobabili ngimthand xosh uzwide ozalwa ulanga emthabatha lapha liphuma khona emsingisa lapho lishona khona uzwide wampheq amahlonjan omabili usilwane helele emizini yabantu usililwan ubenduna kwadibandlela ubhincakade waze wafunyaniswa ovunelel ezimfundeni zamanzi mgengi phez izitha kusehlobo utshani bude buzokugibanisa inyath ejame ngomkhonto phansi kwomzimvubu amampond ayesaba nokuyehlela ningamhlabi nothi ningamhlaba niyoba kanihlabi yena kwoba senihlab uphunga nahlab umageba ugasane kade lubagasela lwagasel uphungashe wakwabuthelezi lwagasel usondaba womthanda ehlez ebandla lwagasel umacingwan engonyameni lwagasel udladlama wakwamajola lwagasel unxaba 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elikheth izihlambo likheth ujiyeza ngakubangoma ujoj obethwe zimpohlo ziyohlobonga ngaye kubatshazwayo umnguningubande nakwesendlovu uze nomangcengeza kakhali emambhatheni uze nomatiwana kamasumpa emangwaneni uze nomakhedama ngaselangeni ekhaya konini wadl usigawuzana emambhatheni isiziba esisemavivane eseminzis umuntu eth uyageza wazewashona nangesicoco ize nozwide kwabakwandwandwe ize nonomahlanjana kazwide ize nosikhunyana kazwide uhlazana lwanyongo yenyamazane kwaxulu wadl umdladlama wasemambhedwini weza nomphezeni ngakwanxumalo usivutha sangiphe ukleb owehle phezulu wadl ezazisengwa yindiki yakwamavela kwath ezikasihayo zamlandela uqwabe wadla ngokumsibekela isibekelo sawonyabase ekade liwagingq amanye ngob edl izinkomo ezinemvungamvunga ngob edl izinkomo ezisodlodlweni usiphuphuma esimadel imiyalo ocaba ngemikhonto amakhos ecaba ngamazembe wamemez impi kumenziwa ethi mayikhweb amabele imfoloz emnyama kasithayi nobhiyane inkethabaweli ingawelwa ngonethole inxe engenamntwana angakhokh igeja isinyama esilele kundaba siyavuka sidl amadoda ngesakwaphumuz abant imilomo amazemb uzakuwantula ngonyak ozophenduka inyon ebizwe ngamakhwel asengome nanamuhla lokhu ukhalo lukadladlama lusamangele lusamangele ngoba lungasawabon amaqoq akwamajola obhiyaz umbhiyaza wakwamachanca phezulu wabaleka wabangazeka wazishiy izinkomo zaze zeqelwa abasentonteleni uyisinise ngokhalo lwabantabakatayi izinkomo nabantu zamlandela udlongonyane likandaba luhlezi ludlongophele isihlangu lusibek emadolweni abasezitheni nabesekhaya umandla kangome uwele wayakh intontela babethi kakuyakh intontela wayakh intontela lwaluwelwa zinkonjane nabelungu insukamini kandaba nanxa ilanga liphenduka umxoshi womuntu amxoshele futhi ngob exosh umbemba ezalw emagozeni wafunyanis umhlanga wabakhwetha kanti zithutha zakhona izembe likasenzangakhona elith ukugawula lakhuthazela wazehlisa ngezinjongolo zemikhonto zehlika ungibi nangwadi ingwan ehamb ivimbel eziny izingwan emazibukweni abantu bakwambatha bazalwa ngumageba kagumede ngenkathi kukhothama uphunga kagumede owayeyiwele likamageba umageba washiya umuzi wakhe enhlazatshe ukuze avuse umuzi kayise kwazulu ngoba uphunga waye ngenayo indodana nxa ekhothama isihlalo sobikhosi bakwa zulu sase sithathwa ngumageba mhla eshiya umuzi wakhe osenhlazatshe umageba washiya indodana yakhe umpangazitha ukuba isale ivusa lomuzi kwadlula iminyakana nje wabizwa umpangazitha ukuba agoduke ayovusa umuzi kantombela owaye ngukhokho wakhe wahamba umpangazitha washiya lomuzi osenhlazatshe nendodana yakhe usontshikazi uzokhumbula ukuthi lomuzi okamageba wadluliselwa kumpangazitha naye wawushiya kusontshikazi usontshikazi wayenomkhuba woku mbatha isikhumba senyathi emahlombe akhe kanti abalandeli bakhe bona babe mbatha esenkomo isikhumba esishukiwe abantu ababekade bakhelene nabo bawubona lomkhuba base beqala bethi kwasontshikazi emambatheni wonke umuntu owayehlana kulomuzi wayesezibiza ngokuthi ungowasemambatheni ngoba nendodana kasontshikazi undaba 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noma esemhlawulile walobola nonandi waxolisa ngombuso kashaka unandi wayenamandla amangazayo izwi lakhe lalinga lambathi kwesinye isikhathi wayekwazi ukuphikisa yena ushaka ushaka waye wakhonze khakhulu amaqhawe kanti unandi umkabayi kajama unomcebo kasenzangakhona nomthaniya kazingelwayo kwakuyibona kuphela abantu besifazane ababengamaqhawe kashaka unandi kabhebhe wakhothama ngomhlaja kumfumfu ushaka wayekade ezingela ngaphesheya kwaba usuku olubuhlungu ka khulu kwazulu isililo sikanandi sakhubaza isizwe ngendlela emangazayo akekho owayevumeleke ukuzala ukushada ukutshala nokuthula isizwe sasizilile lolu akugqamisi kuphela amandla kanandi kabhebhe kodwa uthando ushaka ayenalo kunina umkabayi kajama waye yindodakazi yenkosi ujama kandaba waye kade eyiwele njengokhokho bakhe umageba nophunga kodwa iwele lakhe lashona umkabayi wasindisa umbuso wakwazulu ngokwenza into engajwayelekile umkabayi wabona ukuthi ujama useyaguga kade ezama ukuthola indodana kodwa ehluleka umkabayi wenza into 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kalushi mahlangu ngontulikazi ngombasa wayeyilunga leafrican national congress anc kanye noumkhonto wesizwe mk wagwetshwa isigwebo sentambo ngumbuso wobandlululo ngonyaka we umahlangu wazalwa  epitoli  nge untulikazi wayeyindodana yesibili kamartha mahlangu ubaba wakhe wabashiya nge ngaleso sizathu ke wakhuliswa ngumama wakhe obesebenza emakhishini   wangena esikoleni imamelodi high school ukuyofunda amabanga aphakeme lapho afundan waze wafika ebangeni lesi kodwa azange aqede ngenxa yodlame nesidumo sika se nhlangulana umahlangu akazange abe yingxenye june soweto uprising kodwa ngalowo nyaka wazibandakanya neanc enyangeni kamandulo wabe eseshiya iningizimu afrika wayoqeqeshwa njenge sosha lomkhonto wesizwe eangola kanye nase mozambikhi kwathi nge unhlangulana wabuya eningizimu afrika esebenzisa indlela yaseswaziland umahlangu kanye nabahlobo bakhe omondy johannes motloung kanye no george lucky mahlangu babanjwa amaphoyisa egoli kwaba nokudubulana u lucky mahlangu wakwazi ukubaleka kodwa usolomon mahlangu kanye nomotloung baboshwa umotloung wahlukunyezwa wangathinteka ingqondo kodwa u solomon walengiswa emva kweminyaka emibili amagama kasolomon okugcina athi  tshela abantu bami ukuthi ngiyabathanda kumele baqhubeke nokulwa igazi lami liyonothisa lomhlaba wesihlahla esizothela izithelo zenkululeko aluta continua ubruno p maddox wazalwa ngo ungumbhali wama noveli kanti futhi uyintatheli yase brithani owaziwa kakhulu ngenoveli yakhe i my little blue dress kanye nombhalo wakhe waku magazini ngemva kokuphuma kwakhe e harvard university ngo umaddox waqala ukusebenza ngokuhlela izincwadi e the new york times book review kanye nase the washington post book world ngo  wakhethwa ukubha ngumhlelikazi wemagazini i spy kwathi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa wakhushulelwa ukuba umhleli ophakeme isikhundla asibamba kwaze kwafinyelela lapho imagazini le yavalwa khona ngo umaddox wabhala i my little blue dress ngaphakathi komnyaka waka kanye nomyaka u kusukela lapho ekushicililweni kwayo lenoveli yakhe waphinde wabheka ekubhaleni umibhalo yemagazini efana no gear kanye ne travel leisure uneqhaza futhi lombhalo kumagazini i discover ebizwa ngokuthi yi blinded by science okuyinto akewayenza phambilini wavelela kwi sayensi kanye nezobuchwepheshe umaddox kanti futhi uneqhaza ekuhlelini contributing editor  imagazini i american edition of the week umaddox wazalelwa ezweni lwase ngilandi ngo ungumntwana womhleli we  u sir  osewandlula emhlabeni owayengubhali we sayensi nezemvelo kanye no owaye ngumlobi we      nokunye futhi  ubenosisi oyedwa u   owaba yintatheli ne chief foreign commentator yaku  kanti futhi manje usengumhleli futhi uyi chief executive ye prospect magazine  umaddox wayejabulile kakhulu futhi enamathuba ebuntwaneni bakhe nasebusheni bakhe ngoba ubaba wakhe wayengumhleli wemagazini i nature wahlangana nabanye ababephambili ekucabangeni ngeze sayensi ngazinkathi zakhe futhi wajabulela nokudla amadina nabantu ababalulekile abafana no  kanye no  naphezu komlando 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yasungulwa kakhulu deepin wuhan technology co ltd futhi ukusetshenziswa ngokuzenzakalelayo imvelo desktop deepin desktop environment dde olwakhiwa usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe html uhlelo kuhlanganisa nezinye izicelo kuhlanganise dmusic deepin movie deepin store crossover emulator kanye office suite nokuphathelene wps office kuze kube okufushane deepin the office suite nokuphathelene wps office owawenza kuphela emakethe chinese kanye nazo zonke ezinye izinguqulo base ifakwe libreoffice amalungu omphakathi eziye zabangela ngentuthuko kokubili china nakwezinye izindawo kanye senze ngokuvumelana isiqubulo esithi inkululeko ukuvuleleka ukwabelana ukubambisana on december abanye onjiniyela intel yingxenye yale project programmers deepin basebenze ndawonye ukuthuthukisa izixazululo software qihoo sogou wps futhi maxthon isicelo itholakala yendabuko chinese futhi lihunyushelwe ezilimini eziningana ezihlanganisa english esenziwe lula chinese french isijalimane isipanishi dutch danish isintaliyane isiputukezi russian isiputukezi brazil indonesia turkish polish romanian isihungary isiczech isigreki isislovak isibulgaria arabic isiswidi isicroatia spanish latin american finnish hindi india izihlabane ukraine isikorea isijapane hebrew inikeza ukufakwa izithombe for i futhi amd ngokulandelana kanye bit architectures isicelo isebenzisa amathuluzi ukuphathwa iphakethe efaneleka futhi dpkg deepin isekela standard motherboards efi mayelana ia izakhiwo processor le elandelayo asekelwa ifayela system btrfs ext ext jfs futhi reiserfs xfs deepin isebenzisa version ye amantongomane linux hiwix yanyatheliswa okokuqala february futhi kuyinto distribution linux ukuthi inomlando okude ngaphezu ubuntu kwaba ukusatshalaliswa wokuqala hiwix chinese linux okusekelwe debian the umfanekiso we iso hiwix kuqashwa mb esingaphansi esikhathini esidlule zazisetshenziswa bekhompuyutha ezindaweni icewm xfce lxde futhi gnome izinguqulo no kanye deepingnome kodwa ekugcineni ithimba ukuthuthukiswa wanquma ukusebenzisa imvelo desktop akhiwa team efanayo deepin desktop environment dde iqembu ukuthuthukiswa ilungisa software eziyisisekelo iza uhlelo lokusebenza hhayi nje desktop imvelo kanye nengaphakathi ngokungafani ezinye kukamoya izicelo kukhona esitebeleni ngo ngokulandelana kwezenzakalo kusukela endala ukuze kakhulu yamuva yashicilelwa zinhlelo ezilandelayo deepin store deepin screenshot dmusic deepin movie deepin desktop environment deepin terminal deepin game deepin umhumushi deepin boot umenzi ngo base wanezela eminye program aziwa pseudonyms snd adm futhi huahua ngo inani labantu abazinikezele ukuba intuthuko liye lenyuka kakhulu iqembu manje eyakhiwa abantu abasebenza ngentshiseko kulo msebenzi in the version eshicilelwe ngomhlaka december inqubo yokufaka iye ngcono ngokungeza isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza gui olunikezwa ubuntu the deepin media player kamuva iqanjwa deepin music player futhi dmusic ubelokhu kusukela okufushane ye linux deepin wanezela eyanyatheliswa ngo july in the version deepin ngokusekelwe ubuntu lts igama uhlelo lokusebenza kushintshiwe kusukela linux deepin ukuze deepin kusukela version deepin uhlelo yanikezwa mahhala crossover emulator eklanyelwe ukwakha ungqimba ukuhambisana microsoft windows izinhlelo ibhayisikobho ephreli kwaba ocushiwe entsha domain internet deepin org futhi uzilungiselele mirror kumaseva emazweni amaningana ukusabalalisa imibhalo kanye namafayela kanambambili by kokushicilelwa deepin ephreli kwanezelwa ukuxhasa zilimi ezilandelayo arabhu danish ngesihebheru isigreki isi indonesia dutch isipolish isiputukezi brazil isiromania isislovak german kanye hungarian in the version efanayo dock kanye control centre baye sekwenziwe othe xaxa futhi uzinze igama uhlelo lokusebenza lishintshiwe kusuka deepin ukuze deepin zokuqala incwadi ezincane on may umklami steve ovens abahlanganiswe dde ngaphakathi antergos atergos kuyinto distribution ukuthi engahlobene nesenzakalo deepin ubuntu noma debian has links kuphela arch linux deepin unezela support for zilimi ezilandelayo swedish isicroatia isibulgaria spanish latin american isifinishi hindi india ghana ukraine korean futhi japanese the december iqala ukubambisana phakathi intel corporation a ehamba phambili umenzi sezizwe ngezizwe amadivayisi kanye microprocessors kanye namadivayisi inkumbulo semiconductor nokusekela busebenze for izicelo ezokuxhumana kanye computer kanye onjiniyela amaphrojekthi deepin deepin isekela yokufuduka web app by deepin ngokusebenzisa iphrojekthi intel crosswalk the umsindo adalwa umculo producer shen huibin the linux inhlamvu in version esitebeleni futhi kuthuthukisa support for amdgpu amakhadi amd series radeon r tonga kanye apu carrizo wethula ukuxhasa intel cpus skylake unezela ukusekela uefi esrt navigation controller sony playstation lo isilawuli motion of the sony playstation kanye logitech igundane m umjikelezo we ncwadi ka izinguqulo ezintsha deepin lashintshwa lisuka kabili ngonyaka in june and december kane ngonyaka ukuvumela ukushicilelwa izinguqulo ezimbili ezintsha ngokunezela izici nezinye izinguqulo ezimbili modified ukulungiswa izimbungulu isibonelo deepin kuyinto update ka deepin uma usebenzela ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuhlolwa kokubili ukuhlolwa unit ngokuzenzakalela ukuthi esifike base alikapheli kukhona ukuthambekela uyephuza usuku lokushicilela izinguqulo ezintsha ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga lomkhiqizo izidingo ngenhla okungenani isicelo okwenzayo wokugaya izakhiwo bhithi no bit ukuze boot kusukela cd live ngaphandle ukufakwa kohlelo on the hard drive udinga dvd noma flash isitoreji idivayisi ixhunywe echwebeni usb of ezingenalutho gb deepin futhi izinguqulo phambilini awanikeli sisekela ngokuzeleko imishini virtual ngalokho ukufakazela ukusatshalaliswa iqembu isicelo maintenance am kunconywa kwasungulwa yokusebenza kusukela live cd noma ukufakwa ohlelweni ukuze ngokushesha ukuletha enkonzweni uhlelo kumsebenzisi deepin izicelo akhiwa ukuthuthukiswa team efanayo software isicelo kungenziwa ihlukaniswe amagatsha amabili main abangabakhe imvelo desktop nalabo kule deepin iqoqo ikhodi yomthombo we konke software ivuliwe futhi wonke software ikhishwa ngokuhambisana protocol ezibekiweko gnu general public license v enyatheliswa free software foundation kungani gnome nemikhawulo ngokwezifiso imvelo desktop kwaphakama izinkinga kanye kwemukelwa deepingnome shell ithuthukiswe okusekelwe gnome shell the deepin desktop environment kwethulwa ukuze enze imvelo desktop more ubuhle ezithandeka fast engasindi futhi customizable deepin desktop environment iyakhiwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe html kanye webkit futhi wenziwa desktop sokuqalisa dock kanye deepin control center ngaphandle ingxenye sokuphela phambi deepin control center elakhiwa ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe qml futhi ukuphela emuva kwalo lilotshwe ngolimi oluhle we go ngakolunye uhlangothi bonke ezenziwe html kanye webkit okwenza kungenzeka ukugcwaliseka plugins third party like the plug in enikeza isibikezelo sezulu ezinsukwini ezizayo the developers landulele ukuthi deepin desktop environment uzobe unezela isici esisha the deepin voice assistant lapho pointer igundane liyasondela emagumbini navigation ie emagumbini omane ukubonisa ukwenza izenzo eziningi ezahlukene uma hudula isithonjana kwenye kwideskithophu uhlelo kwakha ifolda kwideskithophu kanye kuhlanganisa kokubili icons kubha yomsebenzi angase lingaveli izindlela ezintathu ezilandelayo i deepin control center eyayaziwa ngokuthi deepin system izilungiselelo iyinhlangano module elixhumene deepin desktop environment lolu hlelo siqukethe panel eliphumayo ohlangothini lwesokunene kwesikrini enikeza abasebenzisi control of the ukucushwa kwesistimu ujustin timberlake randall wase memphis tennessee january umculi umbhali umlingisi urecord producer wokudansa usomabhizinisi wase melika odumile ngokuziqhaza kumabonakude elingisa kwi mickey mouse club bese omunye owayesekela iqembu lomculo in sync ngo utimberlake wakhipha isolo albhamu yakhe yokuqala justified eyadayisa amakhophi angaphezu kwezigidi eziyisikhombisa umhlaba wonke her studio i albhamu yakhe yesibili futuresex lovesounds wadedelwa ngo september futhi waqhubeka ukuthengisa phezu kwamakhophi ayisishiyagalolunye lwezigidi emhlabeni wonke ngokubheja ibalula ezintathu enhlokweni phezulu emashadini in the us sexyback uthando yami futhi akusikho okungena azungeze kusondela ngo march wamkhulula studio albhamu yakhe yesithathu the experience okuyinto wangenela endaweni yokuqala e united states nelase united unido rca records team unikele uqwembe okhethekile basuke kokuvela akwazi ukugcina platinum ngekuvuma ukusebenza emihle yomsebenzi wakhe yakamuva lo mthetho akwenziwanga ngokomthetho kakhulu kodwa ekhonsathini kwesiteji alusebenzisa ekamelweni hammerstein ballroom new york ukuba benze idumisa ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe emculweni futhi ithelevishini utimberlake unqobile phakathi kwezinye imiklomelo ayisishiyagalolunye grammy anamane emmy nengxenye njengoba kumdlali wasesiteji ngok yokuxhumana omunye films yakhe iphumelele kakhulu mayelana ukugxekwa taquilla timberlake sekudayiswe angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu amarekhodi kulo lonke career yakhe nxazonke albhamu million solitario no ubudala million ngama albhamu n sync ezweni ibhizinisi nguye umongameli we yokurekhoda yakhe siqu amarekhodi tennman southern hospitality yokudlela co umnikazi omunye wabasunguli be tequila umnikazi womkhiqizo mirimichi igalfu co umnikazi zokugqoka brand william rast co umnikazi we yokuxhumana myspace nomklami decor line homemint biography hlela justin timberlake wazalwa ngo january e memphis tennessee united states indodana ka randall timberlake and lynn bomar timberlake ine german and english nozalo kanye american abomdabu distantly ngo abazali bakhe abahlukanisile futhi remade ukuphila kwabo nabalingani ezintsha unina washada umnikazi upawulu harless lapho justin wayeneminyaka engamashumi ubudala kanti uyise a kumholi wokuhlabelela at esontweni lamabaptist saba nezingane ezimbili kanye nemfati wakhe wesibili ulisa perry timberlake ngakhulela millington idolobha elincane enyakatho ye memphis okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe okokuqala zomculo kwaba iculo ezweni iminyaka eyishumi nanye ubudala zidlala lwethelevishini star search igama ujustin randall ngo wathola udumo real ukuze ujoyine iqembu lezingane iqhaza embukisweni tv mickey mouse club elapho watholana nentombi yakhe ephakeme yesikhathi esizayo britney spears babuka umlingani wakhe christina aguilera bandmate yakhe ephakeme yesikhathi esizayo jc chasez nezesikhathi esizayo ifilimu umlingisi ryan gosling lapho isimiso siphelile ngo timberlake futhi chasez abangu isikhulu sezempi ukuba ubambe iqhaza n vumelanisa ngokombono womuntu iviyo omusha ukuthi lou pearlman wayehlela eduze uchris kirkpatrick timberlake umfanekiso bobblehead ithengwa best buy ngomnyaka kwasekusithi uba yingxenye yalelo qembu n sync leli qembu n vumelanisa kwamiswa ngo futhi waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngo ejalimane timberlake futhi chasez wakhonza njengephayona abasekelayo zalo ezimbili eziyinhloko eminyakeni emibili kamuva leli qembu baphumelele ku us ne ukukhululwa debut albhamu yabo nsync ngo bakhipha ukudayiswa esheshayo sonke isikhathi albhamu us no strings attached okuyinto amakhophi ayizigidi ezingu kwathengiswa phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala semana albhamu yesithathu ka n vumelanisa usaziwayo it nakho kwaba nempumelelo commercial ngo ngemva kokuqeda tour popodyssey ngokombono womuntu iviyo wanquma ukuba ume ngaleso sikhathi timberlake waqala umsebenzi ku albhamu yakhe siqu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ujustin yatshela umagazini rolling stone wayekhathazekile ngokuthi nokusingatha ukuthi lou pearlman kwaba umphathi enikeza band wase imikhonyovu econmicamente ngo august ngemva kokuhlala izinyanga ukuqopha debut yakhe solo album justified timberlake eyayenziwa ngesikhathi emcimbini mtv video music awards lapho afike akhokha khona kunkulunkulu single yokuqala kusukela albhamu like ngiyakuthanda nge show liphefumulelwe michael jackson ingoma bafinyelela isibalo ohlwini ukuthandwa billboard hot ngo november walungisiswa wadedelwa futhi wangenela kule nombolo ezimbili phezu billboard ukuthengisa amakhophi e semana izibalo walo wokuqala sekukonke amakhophi angaphezu kuka million kwathengiswa e united states futhi ezingaphezu kuka izigidi emhlabeni wonke bayamgxeka kakhulu positivas timberlake ekhonsathini ye justified world tour wanikela enkantolo earls isikhungo semibukiso e london engilandi i albhamu sehla singles ezine kuhlanganise ngikhalele futhi rock your body okusho kwafinyelela ezintathu izikhundla ezinhlanu ngokulandelana on billboard hot uhlu timberlake kugqugquzelwa le albhamu ngokuya uhambo christina aguilera ngo ne tour justified kanye zihlubule futhi kamuva yedwa nge justified kanye lovin kuphile tour leli qembu the black eyed peas wayephethe mbobo eziningana amakhonsathi tour khonamanjalo timberlake wayehlanganyela hit ayichitha engashadile uphi uthando ingabe akuveli credits noma umculo video for the song kamuva ngalowo nyaka justin aqoshiwe ingoma ngithathe lovin ngokuthi eyayisetshenziselwa mkhankaso ukukhangisa fast eziwukudla mcdonald lesi isivumelwano timberlake ukhishwa isizumbulu sika usd million cishe bayizigidi ezingu timberlake washiya umsebenzi wakhe zomculo at ukuphumula baqale ukukhombisa kwenye side oyibamba indima yokuqala wadlala kule nkathi kwakukhona intatheli movie edison force okuyinto yathathwa ngo kanti udedelwe ngqo isiqophi mhlaka kholwane wabonakala ku amafilimu alpha dog black snake moan futhi lent izwi lakhe ukuba umlingisi artie in the film animated shrek iii ezikhishwe ngomeyi ngaphezu okunenkanyezi njengemuntfu losemusha kanye elton john e umculo video of elton ngokwakhe lokhu isitimela azigcini nje lapho kusaba khona justin waqhubeka ukurekhoda nezinye abaculi emva uphi uthando waphinde wabambisana the black eyed peas engomeni isitayela yami albhamu monkey business wabuye bahlanganyela isihloko sebenza ke okusho kwahlanganiswa albhamu nellyville rapper nelly ngo ngesikhathi uqopha ingoma izimpawu nge snoop dog justin wathola ayenakho izinkinga emphinjeni wakhe ngo may efike wahlinzwa khona ukususa ngamaqhubu yena welulekwa hhayi ukucula noma ukukhuluma loudly okungenani months ambalwa futhi ngo justin wamisa irekhodi lakhe ilebula siqu jaytee records justin timberlake ekhonsathini tour futuresex loveshow eminnesota timberlake wenza cameo kule video music for nelly furtado futhi timbaland ngokobulili ne ezikhishwe solo albhamu yakhe yesibili futuresex lovesounds ngo september abathengisa amakhophi e semana walo wokuqala waba i albhamu yokuthengisa ephakeme digital umculo esitolo itunes futhi waphula irekhodi ozuzwe band british coldplay yokuthengisa njengoba abaningi digital ngesonto elilodwa i albhamu kwatholwa timbaland futhi danja will i am rick rubin futhi timberlake ngokwakhe kuhlanganisa collaborations three mafia t i futhi will i am i single yokuqala kusukela albhamu sexyback kukhala justin embukisweni emcimbini wokuvulwa mtv video music awards wafinyelela inombolo eyodwa kwi billboard hot lapho ke wahlala amasonto ayisikhombisa kusukela consecutivas my love single futhi ezivezwa timbaland nangawo collaborations rapper ti bafinyelela inani lezi albhamu yesibili eyodwa billboard hot ohlwini owesithathu single ukuthi kwenzekani azungeze iza azungeze ngo october timberlake uthe bagxile kakhulu umsebenzi wakhe zomculo isinyathelo ecacisa ukuthi ukushiya ngemboni yomculo wayeyoba silly okwamanje kwakuwusuku guest ekhethekile ukuba bacule ngenkathi fashion show victoria imfihlo onyakeni ngo january timberlake waqala ekhonsathini tour futuresex loveshow i single owesine kusuka albhamu futuresex lovesounds kwaba summer uthando let the mood interlude e united states kanye lovestoned ngicabanga ukuthi uyazi interlude in uk timberlake ethula i albhamu the experience in a previous super bowl umcimbi enew orleans ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kweyisithupha kwakhululwa futuresex lovesounds ngo january leaked online ngesihloko esithi suit tie okuyinto has asekele rapper american jay z on january suit tie wangenela at isibalo sezinto ezintathu e uk ngemva kokuba ngemuva scream shout by will i am ne britney spears futhi ukuphila kwami cent eminem and adam levine of maroon respectively kamuva wadedelwa studio albhamu yakhe yesithathu ama experience in march lahlala e united states nasecanada kanye jay z on the zinganekwane tour ehlobo okuyinto iyavela amakhonsathi elishumi elinamithandathu phakathi july no august wangalowo year omunye umsebenzi hlela ekupheleni kuka ujustin kwaba udumo wokuqala avele lwethelevishini punk d isikhala anikezelwe ukwenza amahlaya on osaziwayo phethwe by umlingisi ashton kutcher iziqephu amathathu kamuva timberlake nguye ezimpini show lokwenza lwamancoko kelly osbourne bese ngo ujustin parodied kutcher kanye nohlelo in an isiqephu saturday night live ngo i abc ithelevishini inethiwekhi waqasha justin ukuze ubhale ingoma nba yayo ukusabalala ngo yena wethula uhlelo clothing line william rast edayiswa ezitolo bloomingdale kanye nomngani wakhe ebuntwaneni gadangisa ayala ngo october walowo nyaka lo grammy association ukhishwa justin ngenxa yemizamo yakhe yobuntu tennessee eceleni umbhali kanye nomqondisi craig brewer futhi ongowokuzalwa kuleyo ndawo a imodeli egqoke amacebo william rast brand okuqondene timberlake ngesikhathi fashion week new york ngo september izindaba justin ayelungisa albhamu entsha band duran duran s phakathi otros emzini ofanayo yanyatheliswa justin phethwe abahluphekile igalofu mqhudelwano justin timberlake shriners hospitals ezinganeni eyaqala ephakathi kuka no okthoba ngaleso sikhathi onguchwepheshe inkampani imishini igalofu callaway golf umemezela ukuthi ujoyine timberlake ukukhuthaza it njengoba golfista timberlake ngesikhathi igalofu evulekile justin timberlake shriners izibhedlela for children open ngo october timberlake futhi rihanna wathwebula video umculo ingoma rehab eyabhalwa justin ngokwakhe ngoba studio albhamu yesithathu intombazanyana yakhe good osekonakala esaba umqondisi anthony mandler kanye ukuqopha zenzeka e vasquez rocks natural park of los angeles california phakathi no april lapho ecula umculi ongumtopiya kenna wamemezela ukuthi ukukhuphuka mount kilimanjaro ne timberlake kanye rapper lupe fiasco for conciencizar umphakathi mayelana nokuntuleka kwamanzi kuleli world inselele yokutholela bonke abantu sikhuphuka intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e afrika ehlala njalo ngesonto elilodwa izobanjelwa january futhi ngeke iqhaza timberlake sika intombi actress ujessica biel ngemva kwezinsukwana kwamenyezelwa ukuthi timberlake ayeyowakhulula emakethe brand ayo tequila esibizwa lesi siphuzo yaqala edayiswa ngo may futhi igama lalo livela ikhodi ucingo endaweni zasenofi umuzi ka justin ngo may timberlake phethwe vogue ihlelwe gala ngesikhathi imetropolitan museum of new york ubuye ngo lapho wabambisana umculi ciara engomeni uthando sex magic ngo april ngawo lowo nyaka timberlake waba umkhiqizi executive ye tv ngokoqobo zibonisa ifoni lithathelwe american uhlelo german futhi in latin america eyaziwa ngokuthi ila llamada ngo july justin wavula igalofu inkambo yakhe siqu mirimichi esemgwaqweni emaphethelweni memphis le ndawo aluthola ngasekupheleni futhi etshaliwe million ukuze kabusha ukuze kwaba ephephile ngoba ambiente medium ngo december i automaker audi wamemezela ukuthi timberlake bekungaba inxusa lakuleli futhi inkanyezi ngaphansi komkhankaso internet ukuze ziphumelele ekuthuthukiseni imodeli ikhangiswe a umkhankaso ogama lakhe into enkulu elandelayo babegqoka uchungechunge films eziyisithupha short okuyinto bakhululwa njalo ngolwesibili ngo may kuya juni kuzo justin ujohane ufrank kuvezwa iviyo actress dania ramirez owadlalela indima yokuba toni ngo june kwamenyezelwa ukuthi timberlake ayelithenge ingxenye myspac yokuxhumana ye us million ngokuba ophethe isiqondiso yokudala kanye namasu compaa ngo february wamiswa umqondisi creative of american bud light ubhiya platinum legacy hlela umsebenzi we justin timberlake iye okuthiwa yayisemngceleni nethonya various artists kuhlanganise maroon jason derulo lloyd banks marilyn manson bridgit mendler ed sheeran hunter hayes liam payne shawn mendes bieber ujustin nick jonas ngokusho billboard hip hop artist christian tobymac wathi timberlake ephefumulelwe umsebenzi wakhe ngo stevie wonder wabhala umagazini time justin kuye kwenza ngesikhathi isencane futhi abakatholi isikhathi sokuba yena justin timberlake ubhekwa icon pop kusuka ku albhamu yabo yesibili futuresex lovesounds impikiswano hlela ubuhlobo britney spears hlela britney spears justin timberlake and britney spears baqala road zabo ukuba stardom cishe ndawonye futhi abasebancane kakhulu ngokujoyina ukhonkolo yesimiso mickey mouse club lapho ndle igualref singer justin timberlake wadala inkampani yakhe irekhodi terra music kwangathi afinyelelwe june nezinye osaziwayo ezifana christina aguilera ryan gosling futhi jc chasez agasele ngokokuqala ngq ngo ukucula oyibamba futhi lapho ziqhubekele igciwane i love usakhula nakakhulu by izinkambo ngokuhlanganyela ngalo mqondo spears babeyoba ingxenye pre show amakhonsathi ahlinzekwa ngo yiqembu n vumelanisa lapho timberlake wayengomunye walaba voices isikhathi principales silondoloze romance zizungezwe ukubaniza kanye nokuhlukumeza njalo kodwa ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kuka of kuboniswane ngawo nomphakathi bahlukene leli gama yale ndaba abangela isiyaluyalu in the media ngo march kodwa ke futhi ezungezwe amahemuhemu amaningi lokungakholwa futhi kungabi esibekiwe isizathu sokuba separacin lapho justin wakhulula single cry it me a river ekupheleni kuka kwathiwa babecabanga ukuthi amazwi engoma ngokuqondile exhumene uqhekeko yakhe ngemikhonto nezinkemba kusolakala lokungathembeki by sta version saba esibaluleke ukuba premiere ividiyo umculo ingoma njengoba kuzo zombili lezi justin sad kokubona njengomuntu wesifazane blonde okubonakala samuntu intombi yakhe ine izici ezifanayo kakhulu britney luhlobene nenye indoda endaweni yezimvula ibonakala melanclico kule kwanezelwa abanye imininingwane yesiteleka njengoba umfanekiso ngumculi fairy kusetshenziswe njengoncedo doorstop in a scene video isithombe lokho bekuyoba lifana ncamashi tattoo spears has in espalda yakhe zonke lezi imibono ekugcineni ukuqinisekisile kuqala ngumqondisi we ividyo kliphu francis lawrence ubani onesibindi ungasinika lezi ukufana kwathathwa kodwa hhayi ngaphambi kokuba nombono ocacile ukuthi babengesibo ngesicelo timberlake kodwa ingxenye umqondo wakhe creativa eminyakeni edlule ukuxhumana ingoma ne ubuhlobo kuhlulekile uzophinde usebenzise sigcizelelwe timbaland umhleli close futhi producer umculi ngo phakathi naleso sikhathi futhi eziphendula wathi zomculo piece spears wabhala everytime ukuze bavumelane spanish cada vez kuhlanganise in in the lesine studio albhamu in the zone thole ngisikaza umculi ubuhlungu by ekupheleni ubuhlobo ngokuphathelene zobuntombi ayindida spears timberlake zonke zacaca lapho anikezwe nge intaviyu barbara walters ngo november lapho athi wayekade lokuqala umuntu britney ngo august spears eziphendulela zabo kule umagazini w cacisa ngiye kuphela walala nomuntu oyedwa konke ukuphila kwami kwaba ngemva kweminyaka emibili ku ubuhlobo bami justin bengithi okhethiweyo kodwa ngangenza iphutha bengingacabangi ukuthi ngiyoke engaya ubarbara walters ukuze akhaphele ngo justin wavuma ngesikhathi enengxoxo umagazini ize fair ongenawo contact ne umculi for okungenani years i ex partner uhlala focus ngisho nanamuhla press international ngenxa yomthelela banga ukuthi lobu buhlobo kwadingeka ekupheleni kanye nokuqala kwesimiso ngoba yokuba both izibalo baqaphela umculo super bowl xxxviii hlela ngo february ngesikhathi halftime show of the version wamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalombili ka super bowl timberlake eyenziwa rock your body nge janet jackson njengoba yena yasina futhi wahlabelela phambi kwezethameli ezingu ababukeli abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu justin wadabula ingxenye yezembatho owawuhlanganisa ebeleni lwesobunxele janet okubangela ezingaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu us kanye nezethameli wabona ingono jackson kuyathuthuka ngenxa yokuba jewel encane metal ezimise sol abaningi bacabanga lokwephulwa yokuziphatha kamuva ujanet ixolise obala ngokusebenzisa ividiyo nokho jewel amancane embozwe esifubeni sakhe wenza bambalwa abakholelwayo ukuthi version futhi kucatshangwa konke wabhalwa anticipacin justin okwamanje uthe isipiliyoni ngandlela thile amahloni futhi ukuthi ubengazi ukuthi ezaziyokwenzeka phakathi kwe show nangemva kwalesi senzakalo ujanet waya iqhaza imiklomelo grammy laligujwa ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu kodwa yebo timberlake asisti drug hlela ngo july justin wanika intaviyu iphephandaba lasebrithani i guardian lapho avuma usebenzisa drogas lapho ebuzwa ukuthi wake wafuna abe umongameli wase united states waphendula ngaziqeda kakade imithi eminingi kakhulu sengivele imuncwe futhi kakade unayo ngubani owaziyo angazi uma ngifuna ukuthi umthwalo justin ngemva kokusho lokhu isigwebo waxolisa wathi mina ngiyindlela njengawo wonke umuntu mina sidakwe ngokuphelele ngiye ngasebenzisa isilinganiso esifanele izidakamizwa futhi ngiye wabanjwa ibhulukwe lakhe phansi mina nje aqiniseke ukuthi akukho amakhamera ezingizungezile american idol ukugxeka hlela ngo august justin wagxeka ethandwa lwethelevishini idol american ethi ngikuthola iwubuphukuphuku waphawula nokuthi owawina ngaleso sikhathi sonyaka taylor hicks kungaba nice and kanzima kodwa hhayi ngempela ukucula lutho ukuphila personal hlela timberlake ishade actress jessica biel ngo ngo waqala nithandana actress jessica biel elaqeda ngo march nokho wabuya naye ngo september walowo nyaka ememezela ukuzibandakanya kwabo ngojanuwari umshado laqedwa ngo october mnyaka edolobheni apulia eseningizimu italy ngo january coinciding nenombolo lwakhe lokuzalwa ezingamashumi amathathu ezine timberlake biel ukuqinisekisile ukukhulelwa ngokusebenzisa isithombe eshicilelwe on instagram lapho uyibheka kissing esesiswini esposa yakhe ngo june ngesikhathi ekugqugquzeleni amakha efrance timberlake uvumile abaphethwe i disorder esilawulayo kuphoqeleke mayelana oda inhlanzeko kanye netintfo correctamente kuqondaniswe ngo april kuzalwa indodana yakhe usila randall timberlake ukubaluleka kwakhe inetha dlares faka igama isiko social lapho ukudla ngokuvamile inyama iphekwe on a hlupha noma izoso phezu kwamalahle avuthayo isiko ekuqaleni waqala afrikaners kodvwa kusukela kwasakazekela kubantu bonke abanye baseningizimu afrika kuhlanganise botswana namibia lesotho zimbabwe kanye zambia ngaphandle inyama ismaiji ummbila amazambane ucwecwiwe amakhowe ngokuvamile okuthosiwe ngokuvamile njengoba side izitsha kodwa futhi ngezinye izikhathi ungalungiswa njengempepho isidlo imifino like izwi amasosishi izwi izoso kufakwe ngesingisi kanye ngezilimi kakhulu saseningizimu ne afrika national braai day lugujwa ngo suku lwamsiko umandulo minyaka yonke bonke abantu baseningizimu afrika nasemhlabeni wonke bayakhuthazwa ukuba bakhanyise imililo yabo ngalolu suku kanye hlupha into usuku eliyisikhumbuzo seningizimu afrika ifa layo elicebile futhi ziyinto layo eliyingqayizivele izoso abantu kuwo wonke amaqembu yabantu kanye nezinkolo iqhaza ngo september uarchbishop desmond tutu abavikela esimisiwe usuku isinyathelo wathola ngo kwemvume yeziphathimandla we south african national heritage council imfundo yabadala yinqubo lapho khona abantu abadala bengenela khona imisebenzi eqhubekayo yokuzifundisa ukuze bathole ulwazi olusha amakhono imibono noma ama value lokhu kuchaza noma yiyiphi imfundo abadala abayingenelayo ngaphandle kwesikole esivamile okubandakanya umkhakha wokuqala ukufunda ukubhala komuntu okuyisisekelo noma ukuqhubeka nokufunda komfundi impilo yakhe yonke ngokuqondane nalolu daba imfundo yabadala ikhombisa ifilosofi eqondene nokuthize maqondana nokufunda kanye nokufundisa ngokulandela ukuthi abantu abadala bangakwazi ukufunda futhi bayafuna ukufunda nokuthi ukufunda ngokwakho kumele kubhekane nezidingo zabo ngokugqugquzelwa yilokho okudingwa ukufundwa ngumuntu noma umuntu afuna ukukufunda amathuba akhona kanye nendlela umuntu afunda ngayo ukufunda komuntu omdala kubandakanywa yindlela isizwe esihleleke ngayo njengobuningi babantu ezweni nobulili demographic ukuhlobana kwamazwe nezimakethe zamazwe omhlaba globalisation kanye netheknoloji ukufunda kwenzeka ngezindlela ezehlukene futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezehlukene njengoba nezimpilo zabantu abadala zehlukene ukufunda kwabantu abadala kungenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezintathu isibonelo sazo nazi lapha ngezansi kuchazwa njengesayense nobuciko bokusiza abantu abadala ukufunda d iphrakthizi noma inqubo yemfundo yabadala ichazwa ngethemu elithi andragogy okuyisayense namathekniki okufundisa abantu abadala ukwenza umehluko phakathi kwemfundo yesikole yezingane ebizwa ngokuthi yi pedagogy okuyithiyori yokufunda nokufundisa kwimfundo ehlelekile umehluko phakathi kwezingane nabantu abadala ukuthi abantu abadala bobonwa ngokulandelayo ukufundisa abantu abadala kwehlukile kunokufundisa izingane ngezindlela ezehlukene ngoba abantu abadala banolwazi abaluqokelele kanye nezipiliyoni zokusebenza okungezela kwizipiliyoni zabo zokufunda omunye umehluko ukuthi imfundo yabadala yenziwa ngokuzithandela ngakho ke abababamba  iqhaza kuyo bavamise ukuba nogqozi ngaphandle kokuba bephoqelekile ukungenela leyo mfundo isibonelo mhlawumbe bephoqelelwa ngumqashi abantu abadala bavamise ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwabo ngendlela ebambekayo ukuze bafunde ngokunomphumela kumele balindele ukuthi ulwazi abalutholayo luzobasiza ukuqhubela phambili izinhloso zabo isibonelo ngeminyaka yoma abantu abadala abaningi ababandakanya abasebenzi basemahhovisi bangenela amakhozi oqeqesho lwamakhompyutha la makhozi ayefundisa ulwazi oluyisekelo sokuqala se operating system noma oluqondene nokusebenza okuthile kwama software ngoba izincazelo eziningi noma ama abstractions alawula ukusebenza noma ukusetshenziswa kwama pc kwakusekusha kakhulu ngakhoke abantu abaningi ababesebenza emahhovisi eminyakeni elishumi noma ngaphezulu kwayo kuleso sikhathi baqala ukungenela izifundo zalolo qeqesho ngokuzithandela ngokwabo ukuthola amakhono amakhompyutha ukuze bahole imali yezinga eliphezulu noma bangenela uqeqesho ngoba omininjele babo befuna ukuthi bangenele lolo qeqesho emelika kanye nezindawo eziningi zase canada isibonelo esivamile yilapho kuba nesidingo sokuthi abantu abadala abayeka isikole bengaqedanga babuyele ezikoleni ukuyoqedelela imfundo yabo yesikole izikhundla eziningi eziphezulu zidinga ukuthi abantu babe nediploma yesikole semfundo ephezulu high school noma elinye izinga elilingana nayo umuntu omdala osebenzayo akavamile ukuba nenkululeko yokuthi avele ayeke umsebenzi wakhe ukuze abuyele esikoleni ayofunda ngokuphelele  izikole zohulumeni noma amakholishi emiphakathi avamise ukuhlinzeka ngamaklasi abanjwa ngezimpelasonto ngenxa yalesi sizathu eyuropha lokhu kuvamise ukubizwa ngokuthi yithuba lesibili kanti izikole eziningi zihlinzeka ngamakhozi ahlelelwe inhloso ethize ngolulandela izidingo kanye nezinhlelo zemfundo zalaba bafundi kanti ke futhi okunye abantu abadala abanamakhono ezinga eliphansi lokufunda bangathola usizo kwizinhlelo zobuvolontiya zalaba bafundi ababuyela ukuyofunda lezi zinhlangano zikazwelonke zihlinzeka ngoqeqesho izitifikedi zokufunda kanye nama accreditation ezinhlelo zobuvoluntiya zendawo emelika kuvamise ukuba nezinhlangano ezihlinzeka ngamasevisi emiphakathi kwizinhlelo zobuvolontiya zokufundisa abasaqalayo ukufunda izinhloso zemfundo yabadala zingehluka izinhloso ezivamile zingafinyezwa ngokulandelayo enye yezinhloso kungaba ukusiza a bantu abadala ukufezekisa izidingo zabo ziqu kanye nokufinyelela izinhloso zezamaprofeshini ngakho ke inhloso eyisiphetho yemfundo kungaba ukufezekisa izinhloso zokuzenelisa kountu inhloso ingaba ukufezekisa izidingo zesikhungo isibonelo lokhu kungabandakanya ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokwenza umsebenzi kanye nezinga lokukhiqiza endaweni yomsebenzi inhloso ebanzi yemfundo yabadala kungaba kungaba ukukhula kwesizwe ngokwenza uuthhi izakhamizi ezindala zikwazi ukuba sezingeni nezinguquko ezenzekayo esizweni kanye nokuthi kuqhubeke kube nenqubo elungile esizweni inhloso yemfundo yabadala emakholishi noma emayunivesithi yehlukile kulezi zikhungo inhloso ivamise ukuthi iqondane nentuthuko yomuntu siqu kanye nomsebenzi ofundelwayo kanye nokuba ngolungele umsebenzi othile ofundelwayo enye inhloso kungaba ukuqondana nokufakela izinselele esizweni kanye nokuthuthukisa umumo esizwe kungekhona nje kuphela ukuqhubela phambili isizwe senqubo yedimokhrasi omunye umkhakha okhula masishane wemfundo yabadala ukufundiswa kwe english kubantu abangakhulumi lolu limi okubizwa ngokuthi yi speakers of other languages esol kanti futhi lezi zifundo zibuye zibizwe nangokuthi yi english as a second language esl noma i english language learners ell la makhozi alezi zifundo asiza abantu abasuke bebuya kwamanye amazwe bengena kwamanye lapho okukhulunywa khona i english ukuthi bafunde i english kanye nokuba nolwazi kanye nokujwayela amasiko alawo mazwe abangena kuwo njengamazwe asemelika kanye namanye amazwe okukhulunywa kuwo i english afana nase canada e australia nase new zealand inkinga evamile e us ukusweleka kwamathuba okuthuthuka ngezeprofeshini kubantu abafundisa abantu abadala abantu abaningi abafundisa abantu abadala baqhamuka kwamanye amaprofeshini kanti futhi abaqeqeshiwe kahle ukubhekana nezinto eziphathelene nokufunda kwabantu abadala izikhundla eziningi ezikhona kulo mkhakha zivamise ukuba ngezingezona izikkhundla zokwenza umsebenzi ngokugcwele part time kanti futhi kulezo zikhundla abantu abatholi ama benefit nokuba sezikhundleni ezinzile ngoba zivamises ukuxhaswa ngezimali zamagranti kahulumeni kanti futhi le mixhaso kahulumeni ayivamile ukuba ngeqhubeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ivamise ukuba ngeminyakana ethize kodwa e canada ukuthuthuka ngezeprofeshini kuyatholakala kuwo wonke amaprovinsi kanye nezindawo ezikhungweni ezingaphezulu kwe kwemfundo yesekondari kanti amaprovinsi amaningi ahlinzeka intuthuko yezeprofeshini okwenziwa ngaphansi kophiko lukangqongqoshe wemfundo noma amabhodi ezikole noma izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni nangaphezu kwalokho kukhona izinhlelo eziqondene nemfundo yabadala kulabo vele asebenza lo msebenzi kumkhakha weze akhademiki ezenziwa emayunivesithi emakholishi nasezinhlanganweni zamaprofeshini izimiso principles zendlela nenqubo yokufundisa abantu abadala androgogy zisuselwa kuma characteristics abantu abadala njengabafundi kanti futhi zingabonwa lapho siqondisisa ama characteristics abantu abadala nokubona indlela lawo ma characteristics anomphumela ngayo kwindlela abantu abadala abafunda kangcono ngayo othisha abalandela lezi zimiso ze androgogy lapho bekhetha izinto zokuqeqesha ngazo amametheriyali okuqeqesha kanye nalapho bedizayina indlela abethula ngayo uhlelo bayebathole ukuthi abafundi babo baqhubeka ngokushesha nakangcono kanti futhi ngempumelelo kakhulu ekufinyeleleni izinhloso zabo uhlelo lwase canada lwe canadian literacy and learning network luchaza izimiso ezingu ezibalulekile ekufundeni kwabantu abadala ngamanye amagama lezi zimiso ezingu zenza umehluko phakathi kokufunda kwabantu abadala kanye nezingane kanye nentsha abantu abadala banemisebenzi esemahlombe abo ababhekene nayo ezimpilweni okufanele ukuthi bayibhalanse maqondana nezidingo zokufunda ngenxa yale misebenzi ababhekenenayo emahlombe abo abantu abadala banezihibe nezinselele ekufundeni kanye nasekuqhubekeni nemfundo izihibe zingabekwa ngaphansi kwale mikhakha ezinye zalezi zihibe zibandakanya ukuswela isikhathi sokubhalansa umsebenzi kanye nezidingo zomndeni ezezimali izinto zokugibela ukuzethemba noma ukuthokozela okuthile ukuswela ulwazi ngamathuba okufunda izinkinga zokubeka izikhathi zokwenza okuthile izidingo zezimfuneko zokungena kwezemfundo kanye nezinkinga zonakekelo lwezingane ezinye izihiibe ezivimbela abantu abadala ukuqhubeka nemfundo ukwesaba amahloni ukuzibona noma ukubonelwa phansi abantu abasebenza amatoho behola ngosuku bamanqika ngokujoyina isikole ngoba lapho beya esikoleni balahlekelwa umholo wosuku okuyiwona kumphela umvuzo abanawo ukufunda umuntu ekude distance learning kungaba yisixazululo sezinye zalezi zihibe zokufunda nezikhungo ezifana nokubekwa kwesikhathi samaklasi kanye nezidingo eziyimfuneko ukungena ohlelweni lwemfundo ukwesaba ukuba namahloni ukuzibona noma indlela umuntu abonwa ngayo nakho kungavimbela abantu abadala ukuthi baqhubeke nemfundo ukwenza ukuthi abantu abadala bahlale benegqozi lokufunda ukufakela ikhono lokuzethemba kanye nokwenza ukuthi bazibone ngesithombe esihle kwenza ukuthi baqhubeke nokufunda impilo yabo yonke izinto eziwugqozi zibandakanya isidingo sokuba nekhono noma ilayisense ukuthola ipromoshini noma ukulindela ukuthola ipromoshini isidingo sokuqinisa amakhono noma ukufunda amakhono amasha isidingo sokwazi kahle umsebenzi noma ukwazi izinguquko emsebenzini noma isidingo sokufunda ukuze umuntu akwazi ukulandela imiyalelo yenkampani indlela engcono yokufakela ugqozi lokufunda kubantu abadala ukuthi kuthuthukiswe izizathu zabo zokungenela imfundo kanye nokunciphisa izihibe abafundisi babantu abadala kumele bazi kungani izitshudeni zabo zingenele uhlelo lokufunda izinto ezibafakele ugqozi kumele bathole ukuthi yini ezihibe ekufundeni kwabo ebese abafundisi babantua badala kumele bahlele amasu abo okubafakela ugqozi isu elinempumelelo libandakanya ukukhombisa abafundi abadala ubudlelwane phakathi koqeqesho kanye nepromoshini elindelwe bangaboniswa ukuthi ikhozi abayenzayo inanzuzo enjani ebambekayo bozokwazi ukusebenza kangcono kanti izinzuzo ngezesikhathi eside kubalulekile kothisha ukwazi ama characteristics abafundi babo nokuthi bahlele izifundo ezibhekana nalapho abafundi abanamandla khona kanye nezidingo zomfundi ngamunye unelson rolihlahla mandela mn dl   wazalwa ngomhla ka julayi washona ngomhla ka disemba wayengumlweli wenkululeko eningizimu afrika owayelwa nembuso wobandlululo usopolitiki kanye nosiza abantu ngesihle ngezimali owaba ngumongameli weningizimu afrika ukusukela ngo ukuya ku waba ngumongameli wokuqala omnyama osebenza kuhulumeni kanti futhi owayekhethwe kukhetho lokuqala lwenqubo yedimokhrasi uhulumeni wakhe wagxila kakhulu ekuqedeni izinsalela zenqubo yombuso wobandlululo ngokususa izikhungo zobandlululo ngokwebala ezazenziwe ngokomthetho wobandlululo lwebala kanti futhi egxila nasekubangeni umoya wokubuyisana phakathi kwezinhlanga zabamhlophe nabamnyama wasebenza kwezepolitiki njengomuntu omnyama womdabu ongumongameli weqembu le african national congress anc ukusukekela ngo ukuya ku njengomxhosa owazalelwa emndenini wobukhosi wabathembu umandela wafunda eyunivesithi yase fort hare kanye nase yunivesithi yase witwatersrand lapho afunda khona ngomthetho wayehlala ejohannesburg kanti futhi wajoyina umzabalazo wezepolitiki wokulwa nenqubo yobukoloni wajoyina ianc nokuba ngomunye wabaqala uphiko lwezentsha lwe youth league ngemuva kokuba umbuso wedlanzane lamabhunu weqembu le national party uqinise inqubo yombuso wobandlululo ngokwebala owawusebenzela ukusiza abamhlophe kuphela waqokwa ukuba ngumongameli wegatsha le anc letransvali waba nodumu nokwaziwa kakhulu ngesikhathi somkhankaso wokucikela phansi imithetho yobandlululo umkhankaso owawaziwa ngokuthi yi defiance campaign wango kanti waqokwa ukuba ngonsumpa kwinhlangano egatsheni letransvaal futhi nguye owaba ngumqhubi kwingqungquthela enkulu ngo eyaziwa ngokuthi yi congress of the people ngesikhathi esebenza njengommeli noma igqwetha waboshwa kaningi ningi eboshelwa ukucikela phansi imithetho yobandlululo kanti yena nabanye abaholi be anc baquliswa icala lokufuna ukuwisa umbuso wobandlululo ecaleni lodumu elaziwa ngokuthi yi treason trial elaqulwa ukusuka ngo ukuya ku ngokugqugquzelwa yinqubo ye marxism wajoyina iqembu lamabomvu le south african communist party sacp ngisho noma ekuqaleni wayezimisele ukuqhuba umzabalazo wokulwa nokubhikisha ngoxolo yena ngokusebenzisana nabe sacp basungula umkhonto wesizwe ngo lapho khona abaqala umkhankaso wokucikela phansi izakhiwo zikahulumeni umkhankaso owaziwa ngokuthi yi sabotage campaign ngonyaka ka waboshwa waquliswa icala nokutholakala enecala lenguyazana yokuketula umbuso kanti wagwetshwa isigwebo sokuhlala ejele impilo yakhe yonke ecaleni eladuma kakhulu nokwaziwa njenge rivonia trial umandela wahlala ejele iminyaka engu waqala wahlala esiqiwini se robben island kanti kamuva wadluliselwa ejele lase pollsmoor nasejele lase victor verster prison ngenxa yengcindezi yemizabalazo yamazwe omhlaba kanye nokwesabela impi yobuhlanga phakathi kwabamhlophe nabamnyama umongameli uf w de klerk wakhulula umandela ngo umandela no de klerk bangenela izingxoxo zokuqeda umbuso wobandlululo kwase kugqugquzelwa ukhetho lwazo zonke izinhlangano ngo lapho khona umandela ahola khona i anc ukunqoba okhethweni kanti waba ngumongameli emuva kwalokhu waqhuba uhulumeni kazwelonke wobunye government of national unity owahlahla umthethosisekelo omusha umandela wagxila kakhulu kwinqubo yomoya wokubuyisana kwezinhlanga zabamhlophe nabamnyama ezweni kanti futhi lokhu kwaholela ekusungulweni kwekhomishana yamaqiniso nokubuyisana eyayaziwa ngelokuthi yi truth and reconciliation commission ukuphenya ngokucikelwa phansi kwamalungelo obuntu ngesikhathi esedlule ngisho noma uhulumeni kamandela waqhubeka nenqubo yohulumeni wesikhathi esedlule inqubo ye liberalism kwezomnotho uhulumeni wakhe wasungula izindlela zokukhuthaza izinguquko kwezomhlaba ukulwa nenhlupheko kanye nokunabisa amasevisi onakekelo lwezempilo emkhakheni wamazwe omhlaba wasebenza njengomlamuli kwicala lokubhonywa kwendiza ye pan am flight kanti futhi waba ngunobhala jikelele wenhlangano ye non aligned movement ukusukela ngo kuya ku kwisihlandla sesibili sombuso wazikhulula ukuba ngumongameli isikhundla sobungameli sathathwa yisekela lakhe uthabo mbeki umandela njengomhlonipheki ezweni noma engeseyena umongameli waqhubeka nemisebenzi yokusebenzela isizwe ngesihle esebenza kumkhankaso wokulwa ne hiv aids esebenza ngaphansi kwehlangano yakhe ayisungula ye nelson mandela foundation umandela wayengumuntu abantu abangomqondi uhlangothi aye kulo empilweni yakhe yonke abamsolayo ngasohlangothini lwesokudla noma ontamolukhuni babemgxeka bethi uyikhomanisi kanti labo abangasohlangothini lwesinxele abazishoshovu zomzabalazo babemgxeka ngokuthi ongumuntu ofuna ukusheshe axoxisane nokuxolela abasekeli bombuso wobandlululo kodwa waba ngumuntu ohlonishwa kakhulu kumazwe omhlaba ngentshiseko yakhe emzabalazweni nasekubangeni uxolo wathola izindlondlo zokuhlonishwa ezingu ezibandakanya i nobel peace prize kanye nendlondlo yepresidential medal of freedom yasemelika kanye nendlondlo ye lenin peace prize yasesoviet uhlonishwa kakhulu eningizimu afrika lapho abizwa khona ngesithakazelo sakhe sesixhosa sikamadiba noma utata ubaba kanti futhi uchazwa njengobaba wesizwe   umandela wazalwa ngomhla ka julayi esigodini sasemvezo emthata ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyingxenye yeprovinsi yasekapa wethiwe igama lokuthi ngurolihlahla okuyigama lesixhosa elisho ukuthi umbanginkinga eminyakeni yakamuva waziwa ngesithakazelo sakubo sokuthi ngumadiba umkhulu wakhe ngasohlangothini lobaba ngungubengcuka owayeyinkosi yamathembu endaweni yasetranskei eningizimu afrika kwiprovinsi yasempuma kapa omunye wamadodana enkosi yakhe ogama lakhe lingumandela waba ngumkhulu kanelson lokhu okuwumthombo wesibongo sakhe ngoba umandela wayeyingane yenkosi ngonkosikazi wesibongo sexhiba okusho indlu yangesokukhohlwa isizukulu segatsha labesilisa kwindlunkulu yomendo wabantu abangalingani ngezikhundla wayengakufanele ukuthatha isikhundla sobukhosi kodwa ukwamukelwa njengomunye womkhandlu wezibonda noma izinduna zasebukhosini ubaba wakhe ugadla henry mphakanyiswa kwakuyinkosi yendawo kanye nenduna yasebhukhosini wayeqokwe kuleso sikhundla ngo ngemuva kokuba lowo owayekuleso sikhundla wayebekwe icala lenkohlakalo icala alibekwa ngumantshi kahulumeni wabamhlophe ngonyaka ka ugadla naye waxoshwa ngecala lenkohlakalo kodwa unelson watshelwa ukuthi ubaba wakhe ulahlekelwe ngumsebenzi ngoba wayephikisana nomantshi owayeyindlovu kayiphikiswa owayenezidingo ezimbi umuntu owayekhonza umvelingqangi wabo uqamata ugadla wayengumuntu ogane amakhosikazi amaningi wayenamakhosikazi amane amadodana amane kanye namadodakazi ayisishagalolunye ayehlala ezigodini ezehlukene umama kanelson kwakungunkosikazi wesithathu kababa wakhe ugadla igama lakhe kwakungunosekeni fanny owayeyindodakazi kankedama owayeyinkosikazi yesandla sangakwesokudla kanye nelunga lesibongo samampemvu esixhosa kamuva ukuchaza ukuthi impilo yakhe esemuva yayigxila kumasiko nenkambiso yamathembu kanye neziyila zakhona umandela wakhula nodadewabo ababili endlini kamamawakhe esigodini sakubo sasequnu lapho khona owayengumelusi wezinkomo echitha isikhathi esiningi nabanye abafana yena nabazali bakhe babengafundile kodwa babengamakrestu umama wakhe wamthumela esontweni lendawo lamaweseli methodist ngesikhathi eseneminyaka ecishe ibe yisikhombisa wabhabhathiswa wanikezwa igama lesilungu elungu nelson alinikezwa nguthisha wakhe lapho umandela eseneminyaka ecishe ibe yisishagalolunye ubaba wakhe weza wazohlala equnu lapho afela khona ebulawa yisifo esingaziwa kodwa umandela ukholelwa ukuthi wabulawa yisifo samaphaphu ngokuzizwa ehlukile kamuva wathi ufuze ubaba wakhe ngokuba umuntu olwayo nonekhanda eliqinile kanye nomuntu ozimisele kakhulu ukulwa nenqubo enganabulungiswa nozimisele kakhulu ukulwela inqubo yobulungiswa umama kamandela wamthatha waya naye endlunkkulu emqhekezweni lapho abekwa khona ngaphansi kweso nonakekelo lwenkosi ujongintaba dalindyebo ngisho noma engakwazanga ukubona umama wakhe iminyaka eminingi umandela wayezwa ukuthi ujongintaba kanye nonkosikazi wakhe unoengland babemphethe kahle njengengane yabo bamkhulisa njengendodana yabo kanye nendodana yabo ujustice kanye nendodakazi yabo unomafu njengoba umandela wayehamba isonto eya enkonzweni njalo ngesonto kanye nabanakekeli bakhe ubukrestu kwabayingxenye enkulu yempilo yakhe wangena isikole se mission yamaweseli methodist esasiseduzane nendlu yobukhosi wafunda i english isingisi isixhosa ezomlando noma i history kanye nejoyigrafi waba nothando kakhulu nogqozi ngomlando wama afrika elalela imilando yabantu abadala ababevakasha ekhaya kanti futhi udaba lokulwa nenqubo yobukoloni ne imperialism yabamhlophe yamufakela ugqozi kakhulu ikakhulukazi kwizindaba ezazixoxwa ngunkosi joyi owayethanda ukuvakashela ebukhosini ngaleso sikhathi wayengababoni amakoloni abamhlophe baseyuropha njengabacindezeli kodwa njengabantu abazosiza abaletha imfundo eningizimu ne afrika kodwa lapho eneminyaka engu yena nojustice kanye nabanye abafana bahamba bavakashela etyhalarha ukuyokwenza  usiko lokusoka  circumcision lokhu okwakukwenza ukuthi badlule ebufaneni babe ngamadoda lapha emcimbini wobusoka wanikezwa igama lokuthi ungudalibunga ngokuzimisela ukuthola amakhono okuba yisobonda nomeluleki wendlu yobukhosi bamathembu umandela waqala imfundo yesekondari esikoleni seclarkebury methodist high school engcobo okuyisikhungo semfundo yenqubo yabamhlophe okwakuyisikole esikhulu sabantu abamnyama bama afrika ethembuland kanti futhi wayezihlanganisa nabanye abafundi ngokulinganayo nabo engazibeki phezulu uchaza ukuthi lapha kulesi sikhathi ukuhlangana nabanye abafundi kwamenza angasazibeki phezulu wahlobana kakhulu nentombazana okokuqala waqala ukudlala nemidlalo yasemabaleni kanti futhi waba nothando olukhulu  kwimpilo yakhe yonke lokwenza nokunakekela ingadi lapho eqeda imfundo yakhe ye junior certificate eminyakeni emibili ngonyaka ka waya ehealdtown methodist college efort beaufort okwakuyikholishi engenwa kakhulu umndeni wobukhosi wamathembu lapho afunda khona nojustice   utshishomkhulu wale kholishi wayegcizelela kakhulu ukubaluleka kolimi lwe english kanye nosiko lwesingisi kanye nokubaluleka kohulumeni kodwa umandela waqala ukuthokozela kakhulu amasiko esi afrika waba nomngani wakhe wokuqala owayengeyena umxhosa owayengumsuthu kanti futhi uthisha wakhe waba nomthelela kakhulu kuye okwakungumxhosa owenza inkambiso engajwayelekile nokwephula isiyilo ngokugana umsuthu wayechitha isikhathi esiningi esubatha egijima ibanga elide kanye nokwenza umdlalo wezingqindi onyakeni wakhe wesibili waba ngu prefect ngokusekelwa ngujongintaba umandela waqala ukufundela izifundo zeziqu ze bachelor of arts ba euniversity of fort hare okwakuyisikhungo esiphezulu sabantu abafundile abamnyama esise alice empuma kapa nabafundi abangu lapho khona wafundela izifundo ze english i anthropology i politics i native administration kanye ne roman dutch law kunyaka wakhe wokuqala ngoba wayefisa ukuba ngutolika noma umabhalane ehhovisi le native affairs department umandela wayehlala e wesley house edomethri lapho ahlobana khona nabantu bangakubo abafana no k d matanzima kanye no oliver tambo owaba ngumnani wakhe omkhulu kanye neqabane lakhe iminyaka eminingi ngokuqhubeka nento ayithokozelayo yemidlalo umandela wangenela umdanso we ballroom wangenela nemidlalo yamadrama wadlala indima emdlalweni wadlala indima ka abraham lincoln kanti futhi wangenela namaklasi ebhayiibheli kumphakahti wendawo njengelunga lonhlangano yabafundi i students christian association ngisho noma ayenabangani abangemalunga e african national congress anc kanye nentshukumo yokulwa ne imperialism ngoba babefuna iningizimu afrika ekhululekile ekhululekile kwingcindezelo ye british empire umandela wayeyigwema le mizabalazo engafuni ukuyingenela kanti futhi esekela imizamo yempi yasebrithani ngesikhathi kuqala impi yesibili yomhlaba i second world war wasiza ukuqala ikomiti yabafundi bonyaka wokuqala kanti futhi balwisa umoya wabafundi bonyaka wesibili ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala wangenela umkhandlu wabafundi i students representative council src babamba ugwayimbo ngenxa yokudla okubi ababekudla kanti ngokungenela lo mbhikisho wamiswa eyunivesithi okwesikhashana kanti wagcina ngokushiya eyunivesithi engaqedanga iziqu noma idigri yakhe ukubuyela emqhekezweni ngodisemba ka umandela wathola ukuthi yena nojustice ujongintaba usebalungiselele umendo wesintu ukuthi bagane ngokucasuka yena nojustice babalekela e johannesburg behamba ngendlela edlula equeenstown lapho abafika khona ngenyaka ka epreli umandela wathola umsebenzi lapho ayesebenza khona njengonogaba wasebusuku ecrown mines okwakuyisipiliyoni sakhe sokuqala sangempela lapho abona khona ukuthi ikhapitalizimu isesbenza kanjani eningizimu afrika kodwa waxoshwa kulowo msebenzi lapho induna ithola ukuthi ubeleke ekhaya ehlala nomzala wakhe elokishini lasegeorge goch umandela waziswa kumuntu owayesebenza ukuthengisa izindlu nowayeyigqala lomzabalazo uwalther sisulu owamtholela umsebenzi njengomabhalana wama article kwinkampani yabammeli bakwa witkin sidelsky and eidelman inkampani yayiqhutshwa ngumjuda oyi liberal ulazar sidelsky owayenomoya wokuhhogelana nomzabalazo we anc kule nkampani umandela waba nobungani nogaur radebe okwakungumxhosa owayeyilunga le anc kanye nenhlangano yamabomvu amakhomanisi i communist party kanye no nat bregman owayengumjuda naye eyikhomanisi owaba ngumngani wakhe wokuqala womuntu omhlophe ngokuhambela imihlangano yamakhomanisi kanye nemicimbi yawo waba nomoya wokuthatheka kakhulu ukubona ukuthi kanti abelungu ama afrika amandiya namakhaladi ayakwazi ukuhlangana  njengabantu abalinganayo washo kamuva ukuthi akazange ajoyine iqembu lamakhomanisi ngoba amakhomanisi akubona abantu abakholelwa kubukrestu lokhu ayekubona kungahambelani nenkolo yakhe ngoba yena wayengumkrestu kanti futhi yena wayebona umzabalazo waseningizimu afrika uphakathi kwabohlanga lwabelungu nabomdabu base afrika wayengabona ukuthi kuwumzabalazo we class warfare waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe ephakeme umandela wabhalisa ukufunda ne university of south africa lapho khona wayefunda ngokukhoresponda kanti efunde isiqu sake sebachelors ebusuku ngokuhola iholo elincane umandela warenta ikamela emndenini wakwaxhosa e alexandra township ngisho noma le ndawo yayiyindawo yabantu abahluphekile futhi inobugebengu kanye nokungcola komoya i alexandra kwakuyindawo umandela ayeyithanda kakhulu ngisho noma wayezizwa ephoxekile ukuhlupheka kwakhe washela intombi yomswazi ngaphambi kokuba ashele intombi eyayiyindodakazi kamasitende wakhe ukuze alondoloze imali nokuthi abe seduzane nedolobha ejohannesburg umandela wasuka wayohlala enkomponi ye witwatersrand native labour association lapho ayehlala khona nabesilisa bezinhlanga ezehlukene njengoba inkomponi yayivakashelwa ngamakhosi abomdabu bezinhlanga ezehlukene yilapho ahlangana khona nenkosi yabesuthu eyayivela eliving among miners of various tribes as the compou basutoland ekupheleni konyaka ka ujongintaba wavakasha waxolela umandela ngokubaleka lapho ebuyela ekhaya unkosi wabathembu washona ngobusika buka kanti umandela nojustice bafika ngosuku sekwedlule ngalo umngcwabo ngomu a kokuphasa uvivinyo lwe ba ngo umandela wabuyela ejohannesburg ukuyongenela umzabalazo wezepolitiki njengommeli l kunokuthi abe yinduna yomkhandlu wabathembu kamuva washo ukuthi lokhu akumenzanga akhumbule ukubuyela emuva ukuyoba yisibonda sebambela lenkosi kodwa uthi ngazithola ngenza lokho engangibona kufanele ngikwenza umandela waqala ukufundela ukuba ngummeli e university of witwatersrand lapho khona owaye nguye yedwa umuntu isitshudeni esemnyama somdabu sase afrika kwi faculty ngisho noma kwakukhokna ababemphethe ngobandlululo ngokwebala kodwa wakwazi ukwenza ubungani nabamhlophe abangama liberal kanye namakhomanisi aseyuropha amajuda kanye nezitshudeni zamandiya phakathi kwabangani bakhe kwakukhona u joe slovo kanye noruth first njengoba wayeqhubeka nokuqondisisa kakhulu ezepolitiki ngo agast ka umandela wamasha uusekela ugwayimbo lamabhasi olwaba nempumelelo lapho abantu ababebhekiseshila khona ukwenyuswa kwemali yokugibela amabhasi ngokujoyina i anc usisulu waba nomthelela kakhulu kuye kanti wayechitha isikhathi esiningi nezinye izishukumi ngomzabalazo endlini kasisulu eorlando kulezi zishukumi kubandakanya abantu abanjengo oliver tambo okwaba ngumngani wakhe omkhulu ngo umandela wahlangana no anton lembede okwakuyilunga le anc yena owayegxila kakhulu ngokubona izinto ngeso elibhekela kuphela ama afrika ngenqubo ebizwa i african nationalism eyayiphikisana kakhulu ukuthi kube nokuhlangana kwezinhlanga zabammnyama nabamhlophe ekulwiseni inqubo yobukoloni ne imperialism noma ukuhlanganyela ngombimbi lwe alayense namakhomanisi ngisho noma umandela wayenobungani nabezinye izinhlanga ezingezona zobomdabu kanye namakhomanisi umandela wavumelana kakhulu nemibono kalembede yokuthi ama afrika abomdabu kumele bazimele gelekeqe bangasebenzisani nezinye izinhlanga emzabalazweni wabo wokulwela inkululeko kwezepolitiki ngokuthatha isinqumo sesidingo sokuba nophiko lwentsha ukugqugquzela iningi lama afrika ekulwiseni ingcindezelo yabo umandela wayengomunye wezithunywa ezahlangana nomengameli we anc u alfred bitini xuma bahlangana naye ekhaya lakhe e sophiatown uphiki lwentsha ye african national congress youth league ancyl lwasungulwa ngesonto lephasika ngo esikhungweni se bantu men s social centre eyayisemgwaqeni we eloff street kanti kulolu phiki lwentsha ulembede waba ngumengameli kwathi umandela waba yilungu lesigungu se executive committee file mandela e evelyn jpg left thumb umandela noevelyn ngojuly emshadweni kawalter kanye noalbertina sisulu esikhungweni se bantu men s social centre endlini kasisulu umandela wahlangana no evelyn mase owayeqeqeshela ukuba ngu nesi kanti futhi eyisishukumi se anc owayevela e engcobo transkei waba nobudlelwane naye kwathi ngo okthoba ngo bashada ekuqaleni babehlala ezihlobeni zika evelyn ukufikela lapho abaphuma  khona bayohlala endlini abayirenta e orlando ekuqaleni konyaka ka ingane yabo yokuqala umadiba thembi thembekile wazalwa ngofebruwari ka indodakazi yabo umakaziwe wazalwa ngo kodwa yashona ibulawa yisifo se meningitis ezinyangeni eziyisishagalolunye izelwe umandela wayethokozela impilo yasekhaya yomndeni bavakashelwa ngumama wakhe kanye nodadewabo uleabie ukuzohlala nabo ekuqaleni konyaka ka kwaphela isikhathi sakhe sokwenza ama article enkampanini yakwa witkin sidelsky and eidelman wayesebuyela ukuyofunda ngokugcwele ngokusizwa zimali mboleko ezazivela kwabe bantu welfare trust ngojulayi umandela waphuthumisa ulembede owayegula esibhedlela lapho ashonela khona kwasekuthi esikhundleni sakhe sokuba ngumengameli we ancyl kwangena upeter mda owayengesona isishoshovu kakhulu ngenqubo yokuthi bangasebenzisani nezinye izinhlanga ezingezona ezabomdaba abamnyama kanye namakhomanisi upeter mda wavuma ukuthi basebenzisane nezinye izinhlanga lokhu okwenza ukuthi bangavumelani nomandela kanti umandela waqokwa ukuba ngunobhala we ancyl umandela akavumelananga nenqubo kamda ngodisemba ka wasekela inqubo yokuthi kuxoshwe amakhomanisi ku ancyl ngoba wayethi inqubo yabo ayihambelana nombono wesi afrika ngo umandela wakhethwa ukuba yilungu lesigungu le anc egatsheni le transvaal province esebenza ngaphansi kukamongameli werijini uc s ramohanoe lapho uramohanoe ethatha isinqumo esiphikisana nekomidi ngokusebenzisana namandiya kanye namakomanisi umandela waba ngomunye walabo abamphoqelela ukuthi ashiye isikhundla kukhetho lwaseningizimu afrika lwango lapho khona abamhlophe kuphela ababevunyelwe ukuvota iqembu elikhulukazi lama afrikaner  le herenigde nasionale party ngaphansi kuka daniel franois malan yilo elawina ngokushesha lahlangana nelinye iqembu lama afrikaner elalibizwa i afrikaner party ukubumba iqembu lama afrikaner elabizwa i national party leli qembu elalinobandlululo ngokusobala yilo elagxilisa nokunabisa imithetho yobandlululo nokwenza imithetho emisha yobandlululo kanye nokwehlukanisa izinhlanga ngokobuhlanga kanti iqembu le anc laya ngokukhula nokuba nomthelela kakhulu umandela kanye namaqabane akhe baqala ukugqugquzela ukuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo ezinqala nezingqonde ngqo ekulwiseni ubandlululo ngokwenza imibhikisho efana nogwayimbo kanye neziteleka lokhu bakwenza ngokulandela inqubo eyalandelwa yimiphakathi yamandiya aseningizimu afrika uxuma wayengasekeli lezi zinyathelo kanti futhi ngenxa yalokho wasuswa esikhundleni sobungameli isikhundla sakhe sathathwa ngujames moroka kanye nekomidi lesigungu lezindlamlilo ezifana nosisulu umda utambo nogodfrey pitje kamuva umandela wachaza ukuthi kamuva sasesiqala ukufaka i anc endleleni yokuba yinhlangano yokuthatha izinyathelo ezinqala kanye nokwenza i anc ukuthiibe yinhlangano yerivolushini ngoba wayesezinikele kakhulu kwezepolitiki umandela wafeyila unyaka wokugcina eyunivesithi yasewitwatersrand kathathu wagcina ngokunqatshelwa ukuthi athole idigri yakhe ngodisemba ka file flag of the african national congress svg thumb xpx imibala emithathu ye anc omnyama omele abantu abansundu oluhlaza omele izwe nomhlaba igolide omele imithombo ye afrika umandela wathatha isikhundla sikaxuma kwisigungu sikazwelonke se anc ngomashi ka kanti ngawo lowo nyaka wakhethwa ukuba ngumongameli wophiki lwabasha i ancyl ngomashi kwabanjwa ingqungquthela enkulu eyayibizwa idefend free speech convention ejohannesburg eyahlanganisa ama afrika amandiya kanye nezishoshovu nezishukumi zamakhomanisi ukwenza isimemezelo sesiteleka sikameyi se may day ukubhikisha ukulwa nenqubo yobandlululo kanye nombuso wedlanzana labamhlophe umandela waphikisana nesiteleka ngoba sasigqugquzelwa zinhlanga ezehlukene kanti futhi singaholwa yi anc kodwa iningi labasebenzi abamnyama labamba iqhaza kulesi siteleka lokhu okwakhulisa kakhulu ingcindezi yencindezelo yabamnyama kanye nokusungulwa komthetho wokuvalwa komlomo amakhomanisi umthetho owawaziwa ngokuthi yi suppresion of communism act lokhu okwathinta kakhulu imizabalazo nezinyathelo zamaqembu ehlukene kwikhonferense ye anc yangodisemba ka umandela waqhubeka nokulwisa umzabalazo ohlanganisa izinhlanga ezehlukene kodwa ivoti lamudla ngoba iningi labantu abavumelananga nombono wakhe ukusukela lapho waphikisana nombono ka lembede wokuthi umzabalazo ungenelwe ngama afrika kuphela waqala ukungamela umbono wokuthi izinhlangano ezehlukene kumele zisebenzisane ukulwa nombuso wobandlululo abantu abanengomoses kotane baba nomthelela omkhulu kumbono wakhe ngenqubo yomzabalazo kanti futhi namazwe e soviet union ngokusekela izimpi zokulwela inkululeko yabacindezelwe umbono kamandela wokungathembi amakhomanisi waqala uya ngokuphela kanti wafunda kakhulu nemibhalo yama marxists afana no karl marx vladimir lenin nomao zedong ekugcineni wamukela nokwengamela inqubo ye marxist ye dialectical materialism lapho ephawula ngobukhomanisi kamuva wathi ngazithola ngidonseleka kumbono wokuba nezwe lapho okungenakubandlululana nokwamaklasi abantu abakuwo ukuze kube ne classless society lokhu ngokubona kwami kwakuhambisana kakhulu nosiko nenkambiso yama afrika lapho khona impilo okwabelwana khona ngezinto nokusingathana komphakathi ngenqubo ebizwa i communalism ngo epreli ka umandela waqala ukusebenza kwinkampani yabammeli i h m basner ngenxa yokungena kakhulu emzabalazweni lokhu kwakusho ukuthi uchitha isikhathi esincane kakhulu nomndeni wakhe ngo i anc yaqala ukulungiselela umkhankaso we defiance campaign wokulwisana nombuso wobandlululo ngokusebenzisana namandiya kanye namaqembu amakhomanisi kwasungulwa nebhodi elikhulukazi likazwelonke lamavolontiya elalibizwa ngokuthi yi national voluntary board ukuqgugquzelala amavolontiya umkhankaso wawuhlelwe ngokuthi wenziwe ngendlela engenalo negwema udlame ngenqubo eyayibizwa i nonviolent resistance eyathelelwa kakhulu umthethelwa ngu mahatma gandhi abanye basekela lenqubo yomzabalazo ongenadlame ngokubonelela izizathu zezobu ethic kodwa umandela wayebona lokhu kuyinqubo ebambekayo nesebenzisekayo pragmatic ethekwini umandela wakhuluma kwirali yangomhla ka juni umandela wakhuluma kwizihlwele zabantu abalingana u lokhu okwaqala umkhankaso wokubhikisha kanti ngalokho waboshwa wagqunywa ejele lasemarshall square ngenxa yemizabalazo yemibhikisho ubulunga be anc baya ngokukhula kakhulu ukusukela ku ukuya ku uhulumeni ekuphenduleni kwakhe waphendula ngokubopha uquqaba lwabantu waqala nomthetho omusha wangu owaziwa ngokuthi yi public safety act ukwenzela ukuthi kuqhutshwe ngenqubo yokubopha kushankathelwe wonke umuntu ngomtheteho we martial law ngenyanga kameyi iziphathimandla zavala umongameli we anc wetransfali u j b marks nokumqabela ukuthi angakhulumi ebantwini ngenxa yokuthi engakwazi ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe uj b marks esikhundleni sakhe wancoma ukuthi umandela athathe isikhundla sakhe ngisho noma labo ababengafuni uluthi umzabalazo uhlanganyelwe zinhlanga ezehlukene babangamfuni umandela wakhethwa ukuba ngumongameli werijini ngenyanga ka okthoba ngenyanga ka julayi ngo umandela waboshwa ngaphansi komthetho omusha we suppression of communism act kanti futhi waquliswa icala nabanye abantu abangu phakathi kwabo kwakukhona umoroka usisulu kanye no yusuf dadoo ejohannesburg watholakala enecala ngaphansi ngaphansi kwenqubo eyayibizwa i statutory communism okwakuyithemu elalisetshenziswa ngumbuso wangaleso sikhathi ukuchaza noma yibaphi ababephikisana nenqubo kanye nemithetho yobandlululo isigwebo sabo kwakuwukuthi baye ejele basebenze khona kanzima izinynga eziyisishagalolunye kodwa lesi sigwebo salengiswa iminyaka emibili ngodisemba umandela wavalwa umlomo izinyanga eziyisithupha engavunyelwe ukuhambela imihlangano noma ukukhuluma nabantu ababili ngasikhathi sinye lokhu kwenza ukuthi ubungameli bakhe betransfali bongasebenzi kanti futhi ngalesi sikhathi umkhankaso we defiance campaign waphela amandla ngenxa yalezi zenzo zencindezelo nokuboshwa ngoseptemba ka u andrew kunene wafunda inkulumo kamandela ethi indlela eya enkululekweni inzima noma i no easy walk to freedom emhlanganweni we anc etransfali isihloko sale nkulumo sasicashunwe kunkulumo yomholo wasendiya u jawaharlal nehru kanti futhi lomholi waba nomthelela omkhulu kwinqubo yomqondo kamandela le nkulumo yaba yisisekelo esikhulu sesu okwakumele lulandelwe lapho i anc ivalwa lelisu lwabizwa ngokuthi yi plan noma im plan kanti lalibandakanya ukwaba inhlangano ngezikhawu ezincane ezazizwa ngouthi yi cell structure kanti ubuholi babuzoba ngobusemkhakheni owodwa umandela wathola umsebenzi njengommeli kwinkampani ye terblanche and briggish ngaphambi kokuba aye kwinkampani yama liberal ka helman and michel kanti waphasela ukuba ngummeli ngokuphelele ngo agast ka umandela and tambo baqala inkampani yabo yabameli eyayisebenzela emaphakathi ne johannesburg kwakuyiyona yodwa inkampani yabantu abansundu ezweni yayihlala igcwele abantu abamnyama ababenezikhalazo eziningi kanti yayibhekana kakhulu namacala okuhlukunyezwa kakhulu ngamaphoyisa police brutality inkampani yabo yayizondwa kakhulu yiziphathimandla zangaleso sikhathi ngakho ke yaphoqelelwa ukuthi isuke kule ndawo eyayikuyo iye kude ngoba bathathelwa imfume ngaphansi komthetho wokwehlukanisa izinhlangano ngokuhlala owawaziwa ngokuthi yi group areas act ngenxa yalokho baya bebanamakhasimende ambalwa ngisho noma indodakazi yabo yesibili umakaziwe phumia yazalwa ngomeyi ka kodwa ubudlelwane bakhe no evelyn babaphansi kwengcindezi kanti futhi u evelyn wayethi kumandela akekho qotho ebudlelwaneni babo kunamahlebezi okuthi wayethandana nelunga le anc u lillian ngoyi kanye nonobhala uruth mompati uruth waba nengane naye ngokucasulwa yindlela  yokuziphatha kwendodana yakhe unosekeni umama wakhe wabuyela etranskei kanti u evelyn wajoyina ibandla lofakazi bakajehova  elaziwa ngokuthi yi jehovah s witnesses kanti futhi waphikisana nokukhahlela inqubo kamandela yokuzinikela emzabalazweni wezepolitiki ngemuva kokungenela ubhikisho olungaphumelelanga ukuvimbela ukususwa kwabo bonke abantu abamnyama esophiatown ejohannesburg ngofebruwari ka umandela wabona ukuthi impi yezikhali isifanele ukuqeda inqubo nombuso wobandlululo wedlanzana labamhlophe wseluleka usisulu ukucela izikhali kwiriphabhuliki yeshayina i people s republic of china ngisho noma umbuso waseshayina wawusekela umzabalazo wokulwa nobandlululo kodwa bababona ukuthi inhlangano ayikazimiseli kahle ukuthatha umzabalazo wezikhalli ngenqubo yomshoshaphansi eyaziwa ngokuthi yi guerilla warfare ngokusebenzisana nezinhlangano ezilandelayo i south african indian congress i coloured people s congress kanye ne south african congress of trade unions kanye ne congress of democrats i anc yahlela ingqungquthela enkulukazi i congress of the people yamemezela kubo bonke abantu baseningizimu afrika ukuthumela iziphakamiso iziphakamiso ezathunyelwa ngabantu zahlanganiswa ukuba yishatha yenkululeko eyaziwa ngelokuthi yi freedom charter eyabhalwa phansi ngu rusty bernstein eyayimemezela ukuthi kube nombuso ongenabandlululo yenqubo yedimokhrasi engenabandlululo ngokwebala kanti futhi eyokwenza ukuthi umnotho wezwe ube ngaphansi kombuso ngenqubo ebizwa i nationalisation kwizimbono ezinkulu lapho kwemukelwa ishatha yenkululeko kwikhonferense eyabanjwa ngojuni e kliptown eyayihanjelwe zithunywa ezingu amaphoyisa ahlakaza le ngqungquthela kodwa yaba yiyo eyabayisisekelo se idiyoloji kamandela ngemuva kokubalwa kwakhe umlomo kwesibili ngoseptemba umandela waya eholideyini wayosebenza etranskei ukuxoxa ngemiphumela yomthetho wokugudlulela abantu abamnyama kumabantustan ngomthetho we the bantu authorities act nabaholi bemiphakathi yakubo kanye nokuvakashela umama wakhe unoengland ngaphambi kokubawith adlulele e cape town ngomashi ka wabuye wavalwa umlomo futhi okwesithathu nokunqatshelwa ukuthi angakhulumi nabantu abaningi lokhu okwakumbophezela ukuthi angaphumi endaweni yase johannesburg iminyaka emihlanu kodwa waweqa lo mthetho owawumvimbela ukuthi angaphumi ejohannesburgit umendo wakhe wabhidlika kanti u evelyn wamshiya umandela wathatha izingane zabo wahamba nazo wayohlala nomfowabo lapho evula icala ledivosi wathi umandela ubemhlukumeza emshaya kodwa umandela waliphika icala lokuthi ubemhlukumeza umkakhe kanti futhi walwela ukuthi athole izingane u evelyn walihoxisa icala ngonovemba kodwa umandela yena waqhubeka necala ledivosi ngojanuwari ka idivosi yabo yaphethwa ngomashi kanti izingane zanikezwa u evelyn ngesikhathi bedivosa waqala ukuqomisa kanye nokufakela umoya wezepolitiki kumsebenzi wezenhlalakahle u winnie madikizela ashada naye ebizana ngojuni kanti kamuva uwinnie wangenela imizabalazo ye anc ngemuva kwalokho waboshwa izihlandla eziningi engena ephuma ejele amavik bobabili nowinnie baba nezingane ezimbili uzenani owazalwa ngofebruwari ka kanye nozindziswa yena owazalwa ngodisemba file mandela burn pass jpg left thumb xpx umandela lapho eshisa ipasi lakhe esidlangalaleni ngo wenza lokhu phambi kwabacosheli bezindaba ababephethe amakhamera ngo disemba ka umandela waboshwa eboswa namanye amalunga esigungu sikazwelonke se anc wabekwa icala lokufuna ukuwisa umbuso elaziwa kakhulu ngelokuthi i high treason wafakwa ejele lasejohannesburg kanti ngaleso sikhathi kwakunemibhikisho eminingi kanti bakhishwa ngebheyili ngemuva kokuba behloliwe ukushushiswa nokuvikelwa kwecala kwaqala ngojanuwari ka kanti amagqwetha abo ayenganyelwe ngu vernon berrang kanti ukuqulwa kwecala kwaqhubeka kwaze kwamiswa ngoseptemba ngojanuwari ka u oswald pirow waqokwa ukuba ngumshushisi wecala kwathi ngofebruwari ijaji lanquma ukuthi kunobufakazi obenele lokuthi abamangalelwa ukuthi bayiswe enkantolo enkulu ye transvaal supreme court   icala labo le treason trial laqala ngokomthetho epretoria ngo agast kanti abamangalelwa benza isicelo sokuthi amajaji amathathu asuswe esikhundleni sawo kungene amanye ngoba onke ayexhumane ne national party ngo agast ishaji eyodwa yasuswa kanti ngo okthoba abashushisi bahoxisa icala balihlela kabusha babuya ngonovemba sebelihlele kabusha ngokuthi abaholi be anc benze icala le high treason ngouthi bafune ukuqumba umbuso wabamhlophe phansi ngokumemezela ukuthi kusetshenziswe izikhali kanti abamangalelwa baliphika leli cala ngo epreli ka labo ababengafuni ukuthi umzabalazo wama afrika uhlangane nezinye izinhlangana ama africanist ababenganelisekile yinqubo ye anc yokuhlanganyela  nezinye izinhlanga basungula inhlangano ye pan africanist congress pac umngani kamandela u robert sobukwe wakhethwa ukuba ngumengameli wayo ngisho noma umandela wayengavumelani nenqubo yabo yokungafuni ukusebenzisana nezinye izinhlanga ngoba wayekuthatha lokhu njengonqubo engavuthiwe nokuhluzeka futhi ebonisa ukuswela ulwazi omabili la maqembu akhankasela ukuqedwa kwamapasi ekuqaleni kanyaka ka kanti kulowo mkhankaso ama afrika ashisa amapasi ababephoqelelwa ukuthi bawaphathe ngaso sonke isikhathi enye yemibhikisho eyayihlelwe yi pac amaphoyisa adubula kuyo abantu lokhu okwabangela ukuthi kufe abantu abangu ababebhekisha esharpeville massacre lesi sehlakalo sabangela ukuthi amazwe omhlaba agxeke kakhulu umbuso wawamhlophe eningizimu afrika kanti futhi lokhu kwabangela ukuthi kube nemibhikisho eminingi eningizimu afrika lapho khona umandela ashisa khona ipasi lakhe esidlangalaleni ukubonisa ukuzwelana nabantu abahlaselwa bebhikisha ekubhekaneni kwabo nemikhankaso uhulumeni wasungula umthetho wesimo esibucayi kanye nokufaka umthetho wezempi namasosha kanti futhi wavala izinhlangano ze anc ne pac imilomo kanti ngomashi wabopha umandela kanye nezinye izishukumi zomzabalazo zagqunywa ejele izinyanga ezinhlanu ngaphandle kokubekwa amacala kanti futhi babegqunywe ejele lesimo esingahlanzekile ejele lasepitori ukufakwa kwabo ejele kwabangela izinkinga komandela nabanye ababeboshiwe ngoba abakwazanga ukubonana nabammeli babo ecaleni elaziwa ngokubeka izwe kwisimo sengozi elaziwa nge treason trial ngakho ke kwathathwa isinqumo sokuthi abammeli bakhombise ukukhononda ngokuhoxa ekubameleni kuze kufike lapho abammangalelwa bekhululwa khona ejele uma umthetho wesimo esibucayi i state of emergency usususiwe okwenzeka ekupheleni kwenyanga ka agast ngo ezinyangeni ezilandelayo umandela wasebenzisa isikhathi sakhe ukugqugquzelela ingqungqukethela enkulukazi ye all in african conference endaweni eseduzane nomgungundlovu pietermaritzburg enatali ngomashi ka lapho khona izithunywa ezingu ezazilwisa ubandlululo ezahlangana khona nokuvumelana ukuthi kwenziwe isiteleka sokuhlala emakhaya kungasetshenziwa ngomhala ka meyi ngosuku lapho iningizimu afrika yamenyezelwa khona njengeriphabhuliki ngomhla ka mashi eminyakeni eyisithupha ngemuva kokuqala kokuqulwa kwecala le treason trial amajaji akhipha isinqumo sokuthi abukho ubufakazi obenele bokubeka labo ababequliswa icala ukuba namacala e high treason ngoba babengagqugquzelelil ukuthi kube nenqubo yobukhomanisi kanti futhi babengagqugquzeleli ukuthi kube nerivolushini yodlame umphumela waleli cala lafakela uhulumeni izinhloni nokuphoxeka kakhulu lopho ezifihle njengomshayeli wezimoto umandela wahambela lonke izwe kungekho obonayo ehamba egqugquzelela izakhiwo zomshoshaphansi ze anc kanye nokuhlelela isiteleka sokuhlala emakhaya kungayiwa emsebenzini kwabezindaba namaphephendaba wethiwa igama lokuthi ngu black pimpernel  igama elalivela kumbhali u emma orczy wencwadi yenoveli ayibhala ngo yegama elithi the scarlet pimpernel kwakhishwa iwaranti yokuboshwa kwakhe ikhishwa ngamaphoyisa umandela wabamba imihlangano yemfihlo kanti ngemuva kokuba uhulumeni ehluleke ukumisa isiteleka waxwayisa ukuthi izishukumi zomzabalazo ziiyosebenzisa udlame ngokusebenza ngamaqembu epac poqo wakholelwa ukuhti i anc kumele ibumbe iqembu elihlomile ukuze udlame lwenziwe ngendlela ehlelekile nelawulekayo kanti futhi wabonisana nomholi we anc u albert luthuli yena ngokombono wakhe owayengavumelani nodlame kanti kwakungewuye yedwa owabona udlame lungafanele nabanye abahambisana naye babebona kanjalo ngokufakelwa ugqozi zinyathelo zomkhankaso omkhulukazi owawuqhutshwa ngu fidel castro s th of july movement ngomzabalazo we cuban revolution ngo umandela usisulu noslovo baqala ibutho lo umkhonto we sizwe spear of the nation kanti uma leli gama lifingqwa libizwa i mk ngokuba ngusihlalo wequmbu lamasha nhliziyo umandela wathola ulwazi ngokufunda imibhalo ye marxist nemizabalazo yokulwa ngomshoshaphansi ka mao no che guevara kanye nezinye izinkakha zababhali ngethiyori yezempi zemishoshaphansi abafana no carl von clausewitz ngisho noma lo mzabalazo wezikhali waziswa njengohlukene ne anc ngokosiko ukuze ukuchaphazeli kabi igama le anc kodwa kamuva leli butho laziwa njenge mk okuyibutho elihlomile leqembu le anc amalunga amaningi e mk kwakungamakhomanisi abamhlophe ababefihla umandela emakhaya abo ngemuva kokucasha eflethini lika wolfie kodesh endaweni yase berea umandela wasuka waya epulazini umnikazi walo owakuyikhomanisi ipulazi le liliesleaf farm elalitholakala endaweni yaserivonia lapho ajoyinana khona no raymond mhlaba uslovo kanye nobernstein okwaba nguye owabhala umthethosisekelo we mk ngisho noma kamuva umandela waphika ukuthi wake waba yilunga lenhlangano yamakhomanisi i communist party ucwaningo olwashicilelwa ngo lukhombisa ukuthi wake wayijoyina inhlangano yamakhomanisi ekupheleni kweminyaka yango kanti ekuqaleni kweminyaka yango lokhu kwaqinisa yinhlangano ye sacp kanye ne anc ngemuva kokushona kukamandela ngokusho kwe sacp wayengelona nje ilunga kuphela kodwa wayeyilunga lesigungu esiphezulu sikazwelonke i central committee kodwa lokhu ngezizathu zezepolitiki kwaphikwa kamuva ngokusebenza ngezakhiwo zomshoshaphansi zama cell imk yahlela izinyathelo zokucikela phansi izakhiwo zikahulumeni lokhu kwakuzokwenziwa ukucindezela uhulumeni kodwa kungalimali abantu i mk yahlela ukutshala amabhomu kwizakhiwo zezobusosha zikahulumeni ukutshala amabhomu kwizikhiwo zamaplanti kagesi olayini bezingcingo kanye nezixhumanisi zezokugibela lokhu kwenziwa ebusuku lapho kwakuhlelwe khona ukuthi abantu bazobe bengasekho kulezo zindawo umandela wachaza ukuthi bakhetha ukucikela phansi izakhiwo ngoba lokhu kwakungenabungozi kakhulu kuluntu kwakungafanele kufe abantu ngezenzo zokucikela phansi kanti futhi ukuthi kungafi muntu kwakuzoba yithemba lokuhlanganisa izinhlanga ngemuva kocikelo phansi kodwa wakwemukela ukuthi uma umkhankaso wokucikela phansi izakhiwo ungaphumeleli kuyolandela umzabalazo we guerilla warfare uma kunesidingo maduzane nje umholi we anc uluthili wanikezwa indondo yamazwe omhlaba yoxolo eyeziwa ngelokuthi yi nobel peace prize i mk yamemezela ubukhona bayo ngokuthi kuqhushumbiswe amabhomu angu ngomhla wosuku olwaziwa ngokuthi olukadingane okuyi dingane s day ngomhla ka disemba okwalandelwa ngolunye ucikelo phansi lwangosuku olwandulela olokuqaka konyaka okungu new year s eve i anc yathatha isinqumo sokuthumela umandela njengesithunywa kwinqungquthela yomhlangano omkhulukazi ngo februwari we pan african freedom movement for east central and southern africa pafmecsa umhlangano wabanjelwa e addis ababa e ethiopia waphuma eningizimu afrika ngokuhamba ngendlela edlule e bechuanaland kuhambo lwakho wavakashela e tanganyika kanti khona wahlangano nomengameli wakhona ujulius nyerere lapho efika e ethiopia wahlangana nonkosi u emperor haile selassie i kanti futhi wanikeza inkulumo yakhe ngemuva kokukhuluma kuka selassie kwikhonferense ngamua kwe symposium wahambela e cairo egypt lapho abona khona izinguquko ezazenziwa ngumongameli ugamal abdel nasser kanye wayesehambela izwe lase tunis etunisia lapho khona umongameli habib bourguiba owamnika isixa semali engu kanye nezikhali waqhubeka wadlulela e morocco emali eguinea esierra leone eliberia kanye nase senegal lapho athola khona imali kumongameli wase liberia umongameli u william tubman kanye nomengameli weguinea umongmeli u ahmed skou tour owayesuka e afrika eya elondon engilandi lapho ahlangana khona nabantu bezishukumi zababelwisa umbuso wobandlululo ababiki bezindaba kanye nosopolitiki abaziwayo lapho ebuyela e ethiopia waqala uqeqesho lwekhozi yezinyanga eziyisithupha zempi yomshoshaphansi kodwa waqeda kuphela izinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba abizwe ukubuyela eningizimu afrika ngomhla ka agaust amaphoyisa abamba umandela kanye nomlingani wakhe u cecil williams eduzane nase howick kukhona amahlebezi okuthi iziphathimandla zanikezwa ulwazi ngokuthi ukuphi umandela kodwa umandela yena akawanakanga kakhulu la mahlebezi omunye umbono uthi ukwaziwa komkhondo wakhe wokuthi ukuphi kwanikezwa amaphoyisa aseningizimu afrika yinhlangano yezobunhloli yase united states i central intelligence agency cia eyayinovalo lokuthi umandela uyikhomanisi kanti le claim yasekelwa yilowo owayeyinxusa noma i diplomat ye us owadalula ukluthi ube nesandla kudaba lokuboshwa kukamandela wabosha ejele lasejohannesburg marshall square kanti umandela wabekwa icala lokuthi ugqugquzele abasebenzi ukuthi bateleke kanye nokuphuma ezweni ngaphandle kwemvume ngokuzimele ecaleni nokulekelelwa nguslovo njengomeluleki wakhe umandela wayefuna ukusebenzisa icala ukubonisa umoya we anc wokulwisa ubandlululo ngokwebala kanti ngaleso sikhathi abasekeli bakhe bebhikishe ngaphandle kwenkundla wasuswa wasiya ejele lasepitori lapho uwinnie ayekwazi ukumvakashela khona lapho esesitokisini waqala ukufundela iziqu zomthetho ngokukhoresponda iziqu ze bachelor of laws llb efunda ne university of london icala lakhe laqala ukuqulwa ngo okthoba kodwa waphazamisa inkundla ngokugqoka imvunulo yosiko lwakhe i kaross futhi wenqaba ukubiza ofakazi kanti futhi waphendula ithuba lobufakazi bokuzikhalela plea of mitigation ukuba yinkulumo yezepolitiki lapho elahlwa yicala wagetshwa iminyaka emihlanu esejele kanti lapho ephuma enkundleni abasekeli bacula ihhubo lesizwe i nkosi sikelel iafrika ngo ngojulayi amaphoyisa ahlasela ipulazi lelilies babopha labo abatholwa lapho kanye nokushaqa amaphepha aye lapho lapho abathola khona amaphepha ayebonisa imisebenziye mk kanti abanye ababebhalwe kulawo maphepha kwakungu mandela ukuqulwa kwecala le rivonia trial kwaqala enkantolo ephakeme epitori ngo okthoba lapho umandela namaqabane akhe khona ashajwa khona ngamacala amane okucikela phansi kanye nozungu lokuwisa umbuso ngodlame umshushusi wabo omkhulu kwakungu percy yutar ijaji kwakungu quartus de wet kanti futhi ngokushesha ijaji labonisa ukungeneli kobufakazi kwasekuthi uyutar wahlela kabusha amashaji lapho aqala khona icala elisha ukusukela ngofebruwari ka lapho abiza khona ofakazi abangu kanye nokuletha imiqulu yezinkulungwane kanye nezithombe ekuqulweni kwecala ngisho noma abane ababebekwe icala baphika uulthi bebengenele kwi mk umandela nabanye abahlanu bavuma ukuthi yibo ababecikela phansi izakhiwo kodwa baphika ukuthi babengenele impi yomshoshaphansi ye guerilla ukulwa nombuso basebenzisa ukuqulwa kwecala ukukhombisa izizathu zomzabalazo wabo wezepolitiki ekuvulweni kwecala ngabammangalelwa umandela wanikeza inkulumo yakhe yamahhora amathathu eyayithi uzimisele ukufa i am prepared to die leyo nkulumo yayifakelwe ugqozi yinkuluma yegqala elingu castro kwinkulumo eyayithi umlando uyongikhulula history will absolve me kanti le nkulumo yabikwa kakhulu ngabezindaba ngisho noma kwakuyinkulumo eyayingavumelekile ngokomthetho ukwaziswa censorship ukuqula kwaleli cala kwaba nedumela kakhulu kwaba neningi kumhlaba wonke elalimemezela ukuthi bakhululwe abammangalelwa abanhlangano yezizwe ezihlangane i united nations kanye nenhlangano ye world peace council kanti futhi iyunivesithi ye university of london union yavoteoa umandela ukuba ngumongameli wayo ngomhla ka juni ujaji justice de wet wathola umandela kanye nababili ayeshajwe nabo ukuba namacala kuwo womane amashaji kodwa ngisho noma umshushiswi wayefuna kube nesigwebo sentambo death sentence ijaji labanikeza isigwebo sokudilikelwa yije noma isikwego sokuthi baphile impilo yabo yonke besejele life imprisonment umandela kanye nalabo ayequliswa nabo icala basuswa epitori basiwa ejele lasesiqiwini e robben island kanti bagqunywa kulelo jele iminyaka engu babengavunyelwa ukuhlangana nezinye iziboshwa ezingezona ezepolitiki ezaziku section b umandela wayebekwe kwiseli elimanzi elinomsokama likasimende elilingana u feet m by feet m kanti wayelaliswa ecansini eliwucwecwana wayehlala ethukwa kanye nokuhlukunyezwa emzimbeni ngonogada bejele abamhlophe kanti futhi yena nayeboshwe nabo ecaleni le rivonia babesetshenziswa ukuqhekeza amatshe nsuku zonke kwaze kwathi ngo baqala ukusetshenziswa kwi quarry ye lime umandela wayengavunyelwe ukufaka izibuko zamehlo ukumvikela elangaeni kanye nakwi lime kanti lokhu kwalimaza unomphela amahlo akhe kanti ebusuku wayefunda efundela isiqu se llb kanti futhi babenqatshelwa nokuthola amanyuziphepha futhi yena wayekhiyelwa endaweni yakhe yedwa ekwi solitary confinement izikhathi eziningi ngokutholakala eshushumbise izicashunywana ezinqanyulwe kumaphephandaba ekuqaleni wayebekwe kwizinga eliphansi kakhulu lobuboshwa lika class d lokhu okusho ukuthi wayevunyelwe ukuvakashelwa kanye kanye nokuthola incwadi kanye ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kanti futhi zonke ezinye izincwadi nemibhalo wayengavunyelwe ukukuthola iziboshwa zezepolitiki zazenza umsebenzi kanye nesiteleka sokudikila ukudla hunger strikes kanti ukudikila ukudla kwakungelona isu elisebenza kahle ngokubona kukamandela lokhu babekwenzela ukuthuthukisa isimo sasejele kanti futhi lokhu bekubona njengengxenye yomzabalazo wokulwa nombuso wobandlululo iziboshwa ze anc zamkhetha ukuba yingxenye  yekomidi eliphezulu elaziwa ngokutyi yi high organ labesilisa abane okwakungo sisulu ugovan mbeki kanye no raymond mhlaba kanti futhi wazibandanya neqembu elalimele zonke iziboshwa zezepolitiki esiqiwini le ulundi kanti lokhku kwenza ukuthi baxhumane ne pac kanye namalunga eqembu le yu chi chan club ngokusungula iyunivesithi yesiqiwi i university of robben island lapho khona zonke iziboshwa zazifundisa abanye emikhakheni ezinolwazi olunzulu kuyo yena wayexoxa ngezihloko eziqondene nezenhlalisano nezepolitiki kumaqabane akhe ngokuhambela izinkonzo zobukhresto zangesonto umandela wafunda ngenkolo yobusulumane ebizwa i islam kanti futhi wabuye wafunda nolimi lwe afrikaans ngethemba lokuthi uzokwazi ukukhuluma nonogada kanye nokuba guqula ukuze baqonde umzabala waba nezivakashi eziningi zodumo ezazimuvakashela ejele njengomeli weqembu lama liberal ephalamende u helen suzman weqembu le progressive party owaba nguye owayemvakashela kakhulu ejele nokuzama ukulwela ukumsiza ejele ngoseptembe ka wahlangana nelunga lephalamende yasebrithani weqembu le labour party mp dennis healey ungqongqoshe waseningizimu afrikak wophiko olalubizwa ezobulungiswa ngaleso sikhathi u jimmy kruger wamuvakashela ngodisemba ka kodwa yena nomandela babengazwani umama wakhe wamvakashela ngo kanti umama wakhe washona maduzane nje ngemuva kwalokho kanti indodana yakhe yokuqala uthembi yashona engozini yemoto ngonyaka olandelayo umandela akavunyelwanga ukuya kuleyo mingcwabo yomibili kamama wakhe kanye nowendondana yakhe kanti umkakhe wayengakwazi ukumvakashela njalo ngoba naye wayede eboshwa njalo eboshelwa ezepolitiki kanti indodakazi yakhe yamvakashela okokuqala ngodisemba ka uwinnie yena ekuphumeni kwakhe ejele ngo wadingiselwa endaweni yase brandfort kanti futhi nalapho uwinnie wayengakwazi ukuyobona umyeni wakhe ejele ukusukela ngo isimo sasejele sathuthuka sabangconywana iziboshwa zabantu abamnyama zaniikezwa amabhulukwe emilenze emide ngoba zazikade zigqokiswa izikhindi zavunyelwa nokudlala imidlalo kanti nesimo sokudla sathi ukubangconywana ngonyaka ka ugordon bruce weluka isu lokubaleka ejele likamandela kodwa lelo lisu layekwa ngemuva kokuba kutholakale ukuthi kwase kukhona impimpi kuzungu lwaleli lisu lempimpi eyayisebenzela abophiko lwe south african bureau of state security boss le mpimpi yayingenela leli lisu ngoba yayifuna ukuthi umandela adutshulwe afe ngesikhathi sokuzama ukweqa ejele ngo upiet badernhorst waba yisikhulu sekhomanda umandela wabona kuqiniswa isandla ekuhlukunyezweni kwezibosha ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba wakhalaza kumajaji ayevakashele iziboshwa kanti lokhu kwenza ukuthi ubadenhorst asiwe kwenye indawo isikhundla sakhe sathatha ngukhomanda willie willemse owaba nobudlelwane bensebenziswano nomandela kanti futhi wayezimisele ukuthuthukisa isimo ejele ngo umandela wase eyisiboshwa esisezingeni le class esasimvumela ukuthi avakashelwe zivakashi eziningana kanye nokuthola izincwadi eziningana kanti futhi waxhumana nosopolitiki owayelwa nombuso wobandlululo umangosuthu buthelezi kanye nodesmond tutu ngalowo nyaka waqala ukubhala incwadi ngomlando wempilo yakhe eyashushumbiswa yasiwa elondon kodwa ayezange ishicilelwe ngaleso sikkhathi ngoba izikhulu zasejele zathola amakhasi ambalwa aleyo ncwadi kanti wephucwa nelungalo lokuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe lokhu okwenziwa iminyaka emine wasebenzisa leso sikkhathi ukunaka ingadi yakhe kanye nokuqhubeka nokuzifundela nje kwaze kwalapho esivunyelwe futhi ukuthi aqhubeke nokufundela iziqu zakhe ze llb ngo ekupheleni kweminyaka yoma udumo lukamandela isikhundla salo sasesiqala ukuthathwa steve biko kanye nentshukumo ye black consciousness movement bcm ngokubona ukuthi umsebenzi we anc wawungabonakali umphumela waowo i bcm yamemezela ukuthi kuqalwe intshukumo yezinyathelo ezishisayo kodwa ngemuva kokuba kube novukelo lwasesoweto olwaziwa ngokuthi yi soweto uprising lwango iningi lamashanhliziyo e bcm laboshwa lwagqunywa ejele le robben island umandela wazama ukwakha ubudlelwane na la mashanhliziyo amasha ngisho noma wayenokubasola ngobudlamlilo babo kanye nokuthi la mashanhliziyo ayebukela phansi izishukumi zabamhlophe ezazilwa nobandlululo ukuvuseleleka kodumo lukamandela kwabuye kwaqala ngojulayi ka lapho eqeda iminyaka engama yokuzalwa kwakhe wanikezwa iziqu zokubungazwa zobudokotela elesotho kanye nendlondlo ye lejawaharlal nehru award for international understanding ezweni lasendiya ngo kanti futhi wanikezwa nenkululeko yedolobha ebizwa i freedom of the city of glasgow ezweni lase scotland ngo kwathi ngomashi ka isiqubulo noma isilogeni sokuthi makukhululwe umandela se free mandela sasungulwa ngumbhali wezindaba u percy qoboza kanti lesi siqubulo saqala umkhankaso omkhulukazi wamazwe omhlaba owabangela ukuthi abophiko lwezokuvikelela kwinhlangano yezizwe ezihlangane i un security council yenze isimemezelo sokuthi akhululwe ejele ngisho noma kwaba nengcindezi enkulu yamazwe angaphandle uhulumeni wobandlululo wenqaba ukumkhulula kanti futhi kulokhu uhulumeni wobandlululo wayesekelwa yinqubo yomshoshaphansi yamazwe amakhulu eyaziwa ngelokuthi yi cold war kodwa uhulumeni wobandlululo wathola ukwesekelwa ngumongameli we us umongameli u ronald reagan kanye nondunankulu uprime minister wasebrithani u margaret thatcher bobabili laba baholi bamazwe amakhulu aphesheya bathi inhlangano kamandela i anc yinhlangano yobuphekula zikhuni terrorist organisation kanti futhi izwelana nobukhomanisi futhi laba baholi basekelwa ukuthi i anc iqhubeke nokucindezelwa umbuso wobandlululo ngo epreli ka umandela wadluliselwa ejele le pollsmoor prison etokai cape town kanye nabanye abaholi abaphezulu be anc abanjengo walter sisulu u andrew mlangeni u ahmed kathrada kanye noraymond mhlaba ngaleso senzo sokudluliselwa epollsmoor babekholelwa ukuthi bakhishwa inyumbazane ukuze bangahlangana neziboshwa ezisha zentsha yezishukumi ezazisanda kufika ejele isimo sasejele lasepollsmoor sasingcono kakhkulu kunesase robben island ngisho noma umandela wayekhumbula amaqabane esiqiwini kanye nendawo enhle yesiqiwi ngokuba nomoya wokuzwana nesikhulu sekhomanda ubrigadier munro wavumela umandela ukuthi enze ingadi ophahleni roof garden kanti ngalesi sikhathi umandela wayesefunda kakhulu kanye nokubhala izincwadi ezibhalela abangaphandle ngoba manje wayesevunyelwe ukubhala izincwadi ezingu ngonyaka waqokwa ukuba yi patron yenhlangano eyayihlanganisa izinhlanga ezehlukene ye united democratic front udf eyayisungulelwe ukuphikisana namithetho emisha yobandlululo eyayenza inkohliso yokuqeda ubandlululo imitheshwana reforms eyasungulwa ngumongameli weningizimu afrika u p w botha uhulumeni wobandlululo neqembu lakhe ubotha le national party laqala ukuvumela amakhaladi namandiya ukuvota kumaphalamendana amancane abo kanti la maphalamendana nabo ayelawula ezemfundo ezempilo kanye nezezindlu kodwa abantu abansundu bama afrika bona babekhishelwe ngaphandle kule nqubo njengomandela i udf yabona le nqubo njengemizamo yokwehlukanisa intshukumo yokulwa nobandlululo ngokwezinhlanga udlame lwaya ngokudlondlobala kulo lonke izwe kanti iningi labantu lalesabela ukuthi kuzoba nokuvukelwana kwesizwe sonkana ngenxa yengcindezi yamazwe omhlaba amabhangi angaphandle amisa utshalomali eningizimu afrika lokhu okwabangela ukuthi umnotho ungakhuli amabhangi amaningi nothatcher ancenga ubotha ukuthi akhulule umandela  lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi umandela eba nedumela khulu kanti la mabhangi ayefuna ukwehlisa ulaka ezweni ngisho noma ubotha wayebona umandela eyikhomanisi elikhulukazi elilandela inqubo ye marxist kakhulu arch marxist ngofebruwari ka ubotha wathembisa ukukhulula umandela uma nje engathembisa nokuyeka inqubo yomzabalazo wezepolitiki wezikhali on condition that he unconditionally rejected violence as a political weapon umandela lesi sithembiso sikabotha wasikhahlela ngazo zombili izinyawo wakhulula isitatimende esafunda yindodakazi yakhe uzindzi esasibuza umbuzo wokuthi nhloboni lena yenkululeko athenjiswa yona ngubotha isihloko sesitatimende sakhe sasithi what freedom am i being offered while the organisation of the people anc remains banned only free men can negotiate a prisoner cannot enter into contracts ngo umandela wahlinzwa ngenxa youvuvukala kwemvilaphi ngaphambi kokuthi ahlaliswe yedwa kuphiki lwangezansi lwejele e ground floor   ama seven eminent persons laba kwakuyizithunywa ezazithunywe ukuthi zizoxoxisana nombuso kabotha ukuthola isixazululo kodwa ubotha wenqaba ukuhlangana nalaba balisa balezi zithunywa ngojuni walowo nyaka wamemezela umthetho omusha wesimo esibucayi owaziwa ngokuthi yi state of emergency kanye nokuphaka amaphoyisa kuzo zonke izindawu zabantu abamnyama ukuthi baboshwe ngobuningi kanti izidlamlilo ezaziwa nombuso nenqubo yobandlululo zavuka indlobana zawuvuthela kakhulu umzabalazo kanti nabe anc nabo baqinisa isandla kakhulu ngohlaselo lapho abahlasela izihlandla ezingu ngo kanti eingu ngo udlame lwabhoka ngamandla ezweni njengoba uhulumeni waphaka kakhulu amasosha kanye namaphoyisa ukuzama ukucisha umlilo wemikhankaso yomzabalazo kanti futhi uhulumeni wobandlululo wanikeza nezikhali amanye amaqembu amazulu ngaphansi kwenhlangano ye inkatha ukuhlasela abantu emalokishini kanti lokhu nakho kwavuthela kakhulu nokubhebhethekisa udlame ne anc umandela wacela ukubamba umhlangano nobotha kodwa ubotha wenqaba kunalokho umandela wahlangana ekhusini nongqongqoshe owayebhekene nezamaphoyisa ezweni u kobie coetsee ngo kanti futhi waphinda waba neminye imihlangano engu eminyakeni elandelayo engu ucoetsee wahlela imihlangano yokuxoxisana nomandela kanti futhi wahlangana nezinye izikhulu zikahulumeni ezine kwimihlangano eyaqala ngomeyi futhi leli qembu lavuma ukukhulula abanye ababoshwa bezepolitiki kanye nokuthi kumele kuvulwe umlomo inhlangano ye anc kodwa uma ingathembisa ukuhlukana nomzabalazo wezikhali kanye nokunqamula ubudlelwane nenhlangano yamakhomanisi icommunist party kanti futhi omandela bangaqikeleli ukuthi kumele kube novoto olubandakanya wonke umuntu lokubusa kweningi ngenqubo ye majority rule umandela wazenqaba zonke lezi zimo abombuso wobandlululo ababezibeka washo nokuthi umzabalazo wezikhali uyyokwa uma uhulumeni wobandlululo naye engayeka udlame kubantu ukuqeda konyaka wobu kamandela ngojulayi ka kwahuha amehlo abantu bamazwe omhlaba kakhulu okwaba nedumela kakhulu yinkhonsathi eyaziwa ngelokuthi yi tribute concert eyabanjelwa elandani ewembley stadium eyafakelwa kumathelevishini amazwe omhlaba futhi yabukelwa ngabantu abalinganiselwa kuma million kuwo wonke umhlaba ngisho noma ayebonwa njengeqhawe elikhulu kumazwe omhlaba kodwa wayenezinkinga emndenini wakhe ngoba abaholi be anc bamazisa ukuhti umkakhe uwinnie usezihlome njengomholi wegenge yezigelekeqe zezigebengu ezazizibiza ngokuthi yi mandela united football club kanti le genge yayihamba ihlasela abantu nokubabulala lapho khona okwakubandakanya noubulawa kwezingane  esoweto abanye abantu bameluleka ukuthi adivose nomkakhe kodwa yena waqoka ukuhlala nomkakhe kanye nokwethembeka kuye umkakhe waquliswa icala maqondana nezenzo zale genge watholakala enecala ngemuva kokuba ephole kwisifo sofuba tuberculosis esasibangelwe yisimo esibi somsokama ayekuso kwiseli lakhe ngodisemba ka umandela wudluliselwa ejele lase victor verster prison eduzane nase paarl lapha wahlaliswa endlini yokunethezeka kanogada lapho ayenompheki wobuchwephese emphekela wasebenzisa isikhathi sakhe ukuqedelela isiqu sakhe se llb kule ndawo wayevunyelwe ukuba nezivakashi eziningi kanti futhi wenza nendlela yokuxhumana ngokungumshoshaphansi nomholi we anc owayeseludingisweni u oliver tambo ngonyaka ka ubotha washaywa yi stroke kodwa waqhubeka nokuba ngumongameli wombuso kodwa wayeka esikhundleni sokuba ngumholi we national party isikhundla sakhe sathathwa ngu f w de klerk ubotha wamangaza umandela ngokummema ukuzophuza itiye naye lesi simemo umandela wasibona njengesobugani emavikini ayisithupha ngemuva kwalokho isikhundla sokuba ngumongameli wombuso sikabotha sathathwa ngu de klerk lo mongameli omusha wayekholelwa ukuthiinqubo yobandlululo ayisasebenzeki ngakho ke iziboshwa eziningi zezepolitiki ze anc ngemuva kokuba kobandakazi olukhulu lwasejarimani olwaziwa ngokuthi yi berlin wall ngonovemba ka u de klerk wabizwa umhlangano wekhabhinethi yakhe ukuzoxoxa ngokuvulwa komlomo kwenhlangano ye anc kanye nokukhulula umandela ngisho noma abanye azakwabo babengavumelani naye bephikisana naye ude klerk wahlangano nomandela ngodisemba ukuxoxa naye ngesimo kanti obabili la madoda abona lo mhlangano ungowobungani ngaphambi kokuvula imilomo yazo zonke izinhlangano zezepolitiki ezazivalwe imilomo ngofebruwari ka kanye nokumememezela ukukhululwa kukamandela ngaphandle kokubeka imibandela   maduzane ngemuva kwalokho kwavunyelwa ukuthi izithombe zikamandela ziboniswe kwabezindaba lokhu kwakungokokuqala nqa eminyakeni engu lokhu kuvunyelwa eningizimu afrika lapho ephuma ejele lase victor verster prison ngomhla ka februwari umandela waphuma ebambe isandla sikawinnie phambi kwezihlwele zabantu kanye nabezindaba kanti lokhu kwasakazwa kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba washayelwa ngemoto waya ecape town s city hall lapho ayelindwe khona zihlwele zabantu wanikeza inkulumo yakhe yokuzinikela ukusebenzela uxolo nokubuyisana kwezinhlanga zabamhlophe kodwa wakubeka wakucacisa uuthi umzabalazo wezikhali we anc awukapheli uzoqhubeka njengendlela yezenzo zokuvikela abantu kudlame lombuso wobandlululo a purely defensive action against the violence of apartheid wathi unethemba lokuthi uhulumeni uzovuma ukubanga isimo sokuthi kungasabi bikho isidingo somzabalazo wezikhali there may no longer be the need for the armed struggle kunalokho kube nokugxila ekuletheni uxolo nokuthula emiphakathini yeningi labantu abamnyama kanye nokubanikeza ilungalo lokuvota kukhetho lukawonkewonke nolwezindawo ezinsukwini ezilandelayo wahlala emzini ka desmond tutu umandela kanye nabangani bakhe kanye namashanhliziyo abezindaba wanikeza inkulumo lapho okulinganiselwa khona ukuthi kwakunabantu abangu ejohannesburg esitediyamu se soccer city umandela waqhubeka wavakashela amazwe eafrika lapho ahlangana khona nabasekeli kanye nosopolitiki ezambia ezimbabwe enamibia elibya nase algeria waqhubekela esweden lapho ahlangana khona notambo waya naselandani lapho avela khona kwikhonsathi enkulukazi yenkululeko ye nelson mandela an international tribute for a free south africa concert eyabanjelwa ewembley stadium wakhuthaza amazwe ukuthi aqhubeke nokunswinya umbuso wobandlululo efrance wemukelwa khona ngumongameli wakhona ufranois mitterrand evatican city wamukelwa ngupope john paul ii kanti eunited kingdom wahlangana nothatcher e united states wahlangana nomongameli ugeorge h w bush wakhuluma kwizinkundla zakhona zombili ze congress wavakashela amadolobha ayisishagalombili ikakhulukazi enedumela kubantu abamnyama basemelika okungama african american ezweni lase cuba wahlangana nomongameli ufidel castro okwakungumuntu owayesemhloniphe kakhulu nokumbuzana isikhathi eside kanti bobabili babangabangani abakhulukazi wahlangana  nomongameli u r venkataraman wasendiya umongameli u suharto wase indonesia undunankulu u mahathir mohamad emalaysia undunankulu ubob hawke wase australia wavakashela nezwe lasse japan akazange esaya e soviet union izwekazi elalisekele i anc isikhathi eside ngomeyi ka umandela wahola ithimba le anc lokuqala izingxoxo nethimba likahulumeni lapho bahlangana khona namadosa angu ama afrikaner la madoda ohlangothi lombuso bamangazwa kakhulu ulwazi lukamandela lomlando wama afrikaner kanti izingxoxo zaholela kwimibhalo yengxoxo eyabizwa ngokuthi yi groot schuur minute lapho uhulumeni avuma khona ukususa umthetho wesimo esibucayi i state of emergency ngo agasti umandela ngokubona ukuthi kwakungalinganwa ngamandle ibutho le anc lalingaqinile kakhulu umandela wamemezela ukuthi kumiswe umzabalazo wezikhali kule ngxoxo ye pretoria minute kanti kulesi senzo sakhe wagxekwa kakhulu yizindlamlilo zezomzabalazo wezikhali abe mk wachitha isikhathi esiningi ezama ukuhlanganisa kanye nokwakha inhlangano ye anc lapho akhuluma khona kwikhonferense ejohannesburg ngodisemba eyayihanjelwe zithunywa ezingu kanti iningi lazo labona ukuthi umandela akasesona isidlamlilo njengalokho ababekulindele h kwikhonferense kazwelonke yango yeanc ethekwini umandela wakwamukela amaphutha e anc kanti futhi wamemezela nenhloso yakho yokwakha inhlangano eqinile nesebenza kahle ngokufanele kwikhonferense wakhethwa njengomongameli we anc ukuthatha isikhundla sikatambo kanti futhi kwakhethwa nekomidi lesigungu esiphezulu esasinabantu bezinhlanga ezehlukene nabobulili obehlukene emkhakheni kazwelonke umandela wanikezwa ihhovisi endlunkulu ye anc ebhilidini elalisanda kuthengwa eshell house maphakathi nejohannesburg kanti futhi wayohlala nowinnie endlini yakhe enkulu esoweto umendo wabo awuqhubekanga kahle ngoba wathola nolwazi lokuthi unkosikazi wakhe akathembekile uthandana nodali mpofu kodwa waqhubeka nokusekela umkakhe ecaleni ayebekwe lona lokuthumba kanye nokushaya ngokulimaza kidnapping and assault wagqugquzela ukuthola imali yokukhokela abammeli bomkakhe ecaleni wathola khona imali kwabenhlangano ye international defence and aid fund for southern africa kanye nakumholi wase libya umuammar gaddafi kodwa kwathi ngojuni umkakhe watholakala enecala kanti ngalokho wanikezwa isigwebo seminyaka eyisithupha elingisiwe kodwa yaphgungulwa leminyaka ukuba yiminyaka emibili kwi aphili   kwathi ngomhlaka epreli wamemezela esidlangalaleni ukwehlukana kwakhe nowinnie i anc nayo yathi uwinnie akehle esikhundleni sekomidi lesigungu esiphezulu ngokukhwabanisa imali ye anc umandela wasuka waphuma wayohlala kwisabhabhu yejohannesburg ye houghton imizamo kamandela yokuletha izinguquko zokuthula yayisebucayini isikazwa wudlame olwalenzeka emalokishini phakathi kwabantu abamnyama olwalwaziwa kwabezindaba njengokuthi yi black on black violence particularly between anc and inkatha supporters in kwazulu natal in which thousands ikakhulukazi lolu dlame lolubonakala kakhulu phakathi kwabasekeli be ifp kanye ne anc ekwazulu natali lapho khona okwafa khona izihlwele zabantu umandela wahlangana nomholi wenkathu ubuthelezi kodwa abantu be anc bavimbela ukuqhubeka kwalezi zingxoxo ngoba zazingasizi ukuletha uxolo udlame lwalulokhu luphendlekile umandela wathi kukhona abengalo yesithathu abaphendla udlame abaphendli babaziwa ngokuthi yi third force laba baphendli babetholakala kwabophiko namasevisi ezobunhloli ngasohlangothini lukahulumeni wobandlululo okwakuyibo ababephemba ukubulawa kweningi labantu abamnyama slaughter of the people kanti futhi umandela wakubeka ngokusobala ukuthi ude klerk unesandla kudlame olwenzekayo  waqala ngokuthi angasamethembi ude kleerk ikakhulukazi ngemuva kobulawo lwabantu ngesihluku esikhulu kwi sebokeng massacre ngoseptemba ka kwaba nekhonferense yokubanga ukuthula eyabanjelwa ejohannesburg lapho khona umandela ubuthelezi kanye no de klerk abasayhina khona isivumelwano soxolo sokuqeda udlame ngisho noma udlame lwaqhubeka ngemuva kwalesi sivumelwano ingqungquthela enkulukazi yezingxoxo eyabizwa ngokuthi yi convention for a democratic south africa codesa yaqala ngodisemba ka ejohannesburg endaweni ye world trade centre yayihanjelwe zithunywa ezingu ukuvela kumaqembu ezepolitiki angu ngisho noma u cyril ramaphosa nguye owayehola ithimba le anc umandela nguye owangokhuza phambili kanti futhi ngemuva kokuba ude klerk agxeka udlame lwe anc umandela wasukma ngemuva kukade klerk watshela ude klerk ezikabhoqo ngokuthi ungumholi kahulumeni wegcunswana elincane lenkohlakalo elingenagunya nokwesekelwa yiningi labantu bezwe head of an illegitimate discredited minority regime izingxoxo ezazishushuzelwa kakhulu yi national party kanye ne anc azifezanga lutho olutheni olubambekayo kwabuye kwabanywa enye icodesa ngomeyi ka lapho khona ude klerk wayecindezela ukuthi izwe leningizimu afrika ngemuva kobandlululo kumele libe yizwe elikrayiwe nokwehlukaniswa ngenqubo eyeziwa ngokuthi yi federal system lapho khona okuyoba nabengameli abayoshintshashintshana ngesikhundla ukuvikela abezinhlanga ezinezibalo ezincane ethnic minorities umandela lokhu wakukhahlela ngazo zombili wathi izwe ngekalakraywa ngokobuhlanga liyizwe elilodwa ngaphansi kwenqubo ye unitary system eliyobuswa yiningi lapho khona wonke umuntu ovotayo ngemuva kobulawo lwabantu abaningi kwi boipatong massacre kubulawa abantu baselokishini nabasekeli be anc bebulawa ngamabutho enkatha ayesekelwe ngamasosha namaphoyisa ombuso wobandlululo umandela wamisa izingxoxo ngaphambi kokuthi ahambele umhlangano wamazwe ase afrika i organisation of african unity esenegal lapho khona amemezela ukuthi abe un security council babenesesheni yesipesheli lapho aphakamisa khona ukuthi kube nebutho lamazwe omhlaba lokugcina uxolo elaziwa ngokuthi yi un peacekeeping force okwakumele liphakwe eningizimu afrika ukuvimbela udlame lombuso lwe state terrorism a un bathumela inxusa labo u cyrus vance ukuza ezweni ukuzolekelela izingxoxo i anc yamemezela imikhankaso kawonkewonke ezweni kanti ngo agast i anc yagqugquzelela isiteleka sikawonkewonke eningizimu afrika kanti abasekeli be anc bamasha baya epitori ngemuva kokubulawa kweningi labantu kwi bisho massacre lapho khona okwabulawa abantu abasekeli be anc abangu anc kanye nesosha elilodwa bebulawa ngokudutshulwa amasosha e ciskei defence force ngesikhathi sokumasha umandela wabona ukuthi imikhankaso kawonkewonke ibangela kudlame oluningi wabuya waqhuba izingxoxo ngoseptemba wavuma ukuqhuba izingxoxo ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi zonke iziboshwa zezepolitiki zikhululwe nokuthi amabutho amazulu ephucwe izikhali zawo ayehlasela ngazo abantu kanye nokuthi kufanekelwe imifensi emide emahhositela amazulu ukuvimbela ukuthi abantu benkatha bangahlaseli abantu emalokishini lokhu kwabangela ingcindezi kude klerk kanti ude klerk waphoqeleka ukukuvuma lokhu noma wayengafuni izingxoxo zavumelana ngokuthi kumele kubanjwe ukhetho lukawonkewonke ukuphetha ngokuthi kube nohulumeni weminyaka emihlanu uhulumeni owaziwa ngokuthi uhulumeni we coalition government of national unity kanye nenkundla yomthethosisekelo kazwelonke lokhu kwenza ukuthi i national party iqhubeke ukuba nomthelela kwezepoliltiki i anc yavuma ukuvikela imisebenzi yabasebenzi bakahulumeni abamhlophe kanti futhi lokhu kwasolwa kakhulu ngabantu ngaphakathi umandela node klerk bavumelana ngomthethosisekelo wesikhashana an interim constitution owawulandela inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi yi liberal democratic model eguyaza ukwehlukana kwemikhakha kahulumeni ukubanga ukuthi kube nenkundla yomthethosisekelo kanti futhi kumthethosisekelo kwafakelwa nomthetho mkhulu wamalungelo owaziwa ngokuthi yi bill of rights efana neyase us kanti futhi izwe lehlukaniswa ngezifundazwe noma amaprovinsi ayisishagalolunye kanti iprovinsi neprovinsi ibe no premier noma undunankulu wayo kanye nabasebenzi bophiko lukahulumeni kwiprovinsi ngayinye lokhu kwakusho ukuhambisana nesifiso sikade kleri kanye nomandela sokuthi kube nenqubo ye federalism kodwa kube kuyizwe elilodwa nohulumeni oyedwa wobumbano lesizwe ngokukhthazeka ukuthi inqubo yedimokhrasi yayisikazeka isikazwa wudlame lontamolukhuni leqembu elalizibiza ngokuthi yi concerned south africans group cosag okwakuyi alayense noma umbimbi lwamaqembu ontamolukhuni bma afrikaner kanye namaqembu aye funa ukukraya izwe libe zizwana eziseceleni ezingeyona ingxenye yezwelonke nesizwe sonkana amaqembu afana nenkatha ngojuni iqembu lontamolukhuni le afrikaner weerstandsbeweging awb lahlasela abantu ezingxoxweni ezazibanjelwa e kempton park world trade centre ngemuva kokubulawa komholi we anc u chris hani umandela wenza isimemezelo ngenkulumo kazwelonke encenga abantu ukuthi behlise imimoya bangenzi uvukelo ngemuva kwalokho wavela emngcwabeni katambo esoweto utambo wabulawa yi stroke ngojulayi umandela node klerk bavakashela e us kodwa bengahambisani ndawonye bahlangano nomongameli wakhona wangaleso sikkhathi u bill clinton kanti bobabili banikezwa indondo ye liberty medal ngemuva kwalokho umandela node klerk bayonikezwa indondo yomhlaba  yoxolo bobabili indondo ebizwa ngokuthi i nobel peace prize ezweni lasenorway ngokututuzelwa nguthabo mbeki umandela waqala ukuhlangana nosomabhizinisi abakhulu kanti futhi washayela phansi ngenqubo yokuthathwa kwempahla yesizwe ibe ngaphansi kombuso inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yi nationalisation ngokwesabela ukuthi izokwesabisa abotshalomali bamazwe angaphandle ngisho noma le nqubo yakhe yakamuva yasolwa yilabo abangasohlangothini lobusoshalizimi be anc waqala ukukhuthaza inqubo yokuthengiswa kwempahla yombuso ukuthi ibe sezandleni zosomabhizinisi inqubo eyezwa ngelokuthi i privatisation nomai private enterprise kanti lokhu wakwenza ngokukhuthazwa amaqembu obukhomanisi aseshayina ne vietnam la maqembu ahlangana nawo engqungqutheleni yamazwe omhlaba ngojanuwari ka ingqungquthela ye world economic forum eswitzerland kanti futhi umandela wabuye wavela nakwifilimu eyayenziwa ngenkokheli noma umholi wabamnyama yasemelika wavela eklasini njengothisha enza inkondlo yaleyo nkokheli kwisiqephu sokugcina inkokheli engu malcolm x kwisiqephu sokugcina sefilimu sango esasenziwa ngayo le nkhokheli yasemellika u malcolm x njengoba ukhetho lwase luhlelelwe umhla ka epreli ngo i anc yaqala ukukhankasela lolu khetho yavula amahovisi ezokhetho angu kanye nokusungula inqubo yokubhonisana nabantu eyayibizwa ngokuthi ama people s forums kulo lonke izwe lapho khona umandela wayehamba ekhuluma khona kanti futhi engumholi owaziwayo nohlonishwa kakhulu yibo bonke abantu eningizimu afrika i anc yakhankasa ngaphansi kohlelo lwemvuselelo nentuthuko olwabizwa nge reconstruction and development programme rdp ukwakha izindlu eziyisigidi noma imiliyoni eminyakeni emihlanu ukuqala inqubo yemfundo yabo bonke abantu kanye nokutholakala kwamanzi nogesi isiqubulo noma isilogeni sayo sasithi impilo engcono kubo bonke abantu  a better life for all noma kwakungacacile kahle ukuthi le ntuthuko izozithola kuphi izimali ngaphandle kwephephandaba le weekly mail ne new nation abaningi bemigude yezindaba babephikisana nokhetho lukamandela ngoba besabela ukuthi kuzoba nokuvukelana kwesizwe kunalokho abezindaba babesekela uukhethwa kwe national party noma i democratic party umandela wachitha isikhathi esiningi egqugquzelela i anc ukuthola imali wahambela amazwe enyakatho nemelika eyuropha kanya namazwe ase asia ukuhlangabe nezicebi zakhona ezibandakanya labo ababesekela umbuso wobandlululo kanti futhi wabuye wakhankasela nokuthi izingane ezineminyaka engu zivunyelwe ukuvota okusho ukuthi iminyaka yokuvota yehliswe ku iye ku kanti lokhu kwakhahlelwa yi anc ingavumelani nalo mgomo futhi lokhu bakwenza inhlekisa ngaye ngokukhathazeka ukuthi i cosag yayizophazamisa ukhetho nokulucikela phansi ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezinxushunxushu ezenzeka e bophuthatswana kanye nekomkhulu le anc i shell house massacre lapho okwenzeka khona izehlakalo zodlame olwalubandakanya i awb nenkatha ngokunjalo umandela wahlangana nosopolitiki bama afrikaner namajenerali abandakanya o p w botha upik botha kanye nooconstand viljoen ukuze abancenge ukusekela kanye nokusebenza ngaphansi kwenqubo yedimokhrasi kanti futhi enode klerk bahlangana nobuthelezi nenkathi yakhe ukumncenga ukuthi angenele ukhetho kunokuthi aqale impi yokukraya izwe iziqeshana ngezinhlanga njengabaholi bamaqembu amabili amakhulu ude klerk nomandela bavele kuthelevishini benengxoxo mpikiswano ngisho noma ude klerk wabonakala ekhuluma kangcono kuleyo ngxoxo umandela welula isandla waxhawula ude klerk okwamumangaza lokhu okwenza ukuthi abantu baphawule ngokuthi umandela wuye ongqobile kwingxoxo mpikiswano ukhetho lwaqhubeka noma kwabakhona okusadlame okwathanda ukuphazamisa ngoba i awb  yatshala ibhomu elabulala abantu abangu ibhomu elatshalwa ngemoto njengoba kwakulindelekile i anc yawina ukhetho ngama wamavoti okusho ukuthi yacishe yathola iningi eliyinxenye yokubili kokuthathu two thirds majority ukuze ikwazi ukushintsha umthethosisekelo yodwa kanti i anc yawina kumaprovinsi ayisikhombisa lapho khona inkatha ne national party abathatha khona amaprovinsi amabili okuyikwazulu natali kanye nentshona kapa umandela wavotela esikoleni sohlange high school edurban kodwa ngisho noma ukuwina kwe anc kwaqinisekisa ukuthi umandela abe ngumongameli wakwemukela ukuthi ukhetho luye lwaphazanyiswa yinkwabaniso eyenzeka kwezinye izindawo kanye nokucikelwa phansi okwenzeka ngesikhkathi sokhetho inkundla entsha yesishayamthetho yokuqala umsebgenzi wayo wokuqala kwaba ukukhetha umandela njengomongameli wezwe wokuqala omnyama kwinqubo yedimokhrasi ekugcotshweni kwakhe epitori ngomhla ka meyi ngo ukugcotshwa kwakhe kwabukelwa yizihlwele hlwele zabantu kuwo wonke umhlaba kumathelevishini ukugcotshwa kwakhe kwahanjelwa yizivakashi zabantu abangu okwakubalwa kubo abaholi bamazwe omhlaba abehlukene umandela waba ngumholi wohulumeni wobumbano lesizwe i government of national unity kanti kulohulumeni iningi lamalunga kwakungaka anc kanti futhi kwakuyiyo yodwa eyayingenaso isipiliyoni sokubusa kulo hulumeni kwakukhona iqembu le national party kanye nenkatha ngaphansi komthethosisekelo wesikhashana inkatha ne np zathola izihlalo kuhulumeni ngoba zaziwine izihlalo ezingu ngokuhambisana nezivumelwano ude klerk waba ngusekelamongameli wokuqala noma i deputy president kwathi uthabo mbeki wakethwa ukuba ngumongameli wesibili ngisho noma uthabo mbeki kwakungeyena umuntu ayezikhethel yena umandela wancika kuye kakhulu maqondana nemigomo kanye nemininingwane yemigomo umandela wangena ehhovisi lobungameli e tuynhuys ecape town umandela wavumela ukuthi ude klerk aqhubeke nokuhlala endlini yobungameli e groote schuur estate yena wayohlala eduzane e westbrooke manor ayibiza ngokuthi yi genadendal okusho indawo noma isigodi somusa valley of mercy ngolimi lwe afrikaans wagcina umuzi wakhe e houghton kanti futhi wayokwakha umuzi equnu lapho ayehlala njalo evakashela khona ehamba hamba endaweni yakubo ukuhlangana nabantu bendawo kanye nokusiza ekuxazululeni izingxabano lapho eqeda unyaka ka waqala ukuhlushwa yizifo zobudala ngisho noma waqhubeka nokuba nomdlandla womsebenzi wazizwa enomzwangedwa wayehlala evakashelwa ngosaziwayo abafana no michael jackson uwhoopi goldberg kanye namantombazane eqembu le spice girls kanti futhi wabanobungani no harry oppenheimer we anglo american kanye nonkosikazi wamanghisi u queen elizabeth ii oowavakasha ngomashi kuvakasho lwe state visit eningizimu afrika lokhu kwenza ukuthi agxekwe kakhulu ngabe anc ababengahambisani nenqubo yobukhapitali ngisho noma wayezunguzwe yizinto eziningi zobucebi yena wayeziphilela impilo elula engeyona eyobucebi kanti futhi ingxenye yomholo wakhe elinganiselwa ku r wayeyinikela kwisikhwama sezingane se nelson mandela children s fund asisungula ngo ngisho noma aqeda inqubo yokunswinya abezindaba inqubo ye press censorship kanti futhi wayefuna abezindaba bakhululeke ekubikeni ezezindaba ngenqubo eyeziwa nge freedom of the press kanti futhi waba nobungani nababhali bezindaba amajenalisti kodwa umandela wayegxeka udaba lokuthi izizinda eziningi zabezindaba ubunikazi bazo busesezandleni zabamhlophe abacebile kanti wayekholelwa ukuthi lezi zizinda zezindaba zihlala njalo zigxila ekubikeni ngobugebengu kuphela ngendlela eyethusa abantu wayehlala njalo eshintsha izimpahla ezigqokayo ngemuva kokuba ebengumongameli kanti enye yezinto ayethanda ukuzigqoka ngamayembe alula nalengayo abizwa ngokuthi ama batik shirts agcina ngokwaziwa ngokuthi ama madiba shirts lokhu wayekugqoka ngisho eya nasemicimbini yosiko neyangokomthetho ngodisemba ka umandela washicilela incwadi yomlando wakhe esihloko sithi indlela ende eya enkululekweni long walk to freedom okuyi autobiography yemibhalo ayibhala esesejele kodwa yafakelwa imibono emisha yezingxoxo azenza nombhali owaziwayo wejenalisti yasemelika u richard stengel kamuva kwikhonferense yama ye anc eyabanjelwa e bloemfontein kanti kule khonferense kwakhethwa ikomidi lesigungu likazwelonke lezidlamlilo phakathi kwalabo abakhethwa kwakunowinnie mandela kodwa ngisho noma uwinnie abonisa umoya wokuthi ufuna babuyelane nomandela umandela waqhubeka nedivosi yabo ngo agast ngo umandela wayesenobudlelwane no graa machel unkosikazi wase mozambican owayekwezepolitiki futhi emncane kuye ngeminyaka engu owayengumfelwa wawolo owayengumongameli wasemozambique u samora machel babeqale bahlangana ngo lapho unkosikazi kamachel wasesililweni sokubulawela umyeni kanti ubudlelwane babo baqhubeka njengabalingani kanti futhi ugraca wayevame ukumphelekezela kuhambo lwakhe oluningi lapho ehambele amanye amazwe okokuqala lapho emcela umshado ugraca akafunanga ukushada naye ngoba wayefuna ukuhlala engumuntu ozimele kanti lokhu kwakusho ukuthi umandela kufuneka ahlukanise isikhathi sakhe phakathi kokuvakasha emozambique kanye nokuba se johannesburg ngoba umandela wayesingathe izwe elalisaguquka ukusuka kwinqubo yombuso wedlanzana labamhlophe ukuba ngumbuso wenqubu yeningi yedimokhrasi umandela wabona ukuthi ukubuyisana kwesizwe kwakuwumsebenzi wakhe obalulekile emsebenzini wakhe wobungagmeli ngoba wayebonile ukuthi amanye amazwe e afrika uma ephuma kwinqubo yobukokloni kwakuba nokulimala kwezomnotho kakhulu ngesikhathi abahlophe befuduka bebalekela imibuso emisha yabamnyama umandela wayefuna ukuqinisekisa abamhlophe eningizimu afrika ukuthi nabo bavikelwe kanye nokumelwa ngaphansi kwenqubo yeningi ebandakanya zonke izinhlanga eyayethiwe ngabanye njenge the rainbow nation ngisho noma uhulumeni wakhe wobumbano wawuneningi labantu be anc wazama ukwakha ubumbano ngokuqoka ude klerk njengosekela mongameli wokuqala kanye nokuqoka izikhulu ze national party ukuthi zibe ngongqongqoshe kwezolimo eze eneji ezesimo semvelo ezamaminerali ne eneji kanye nokuqoka ubuthelezi ukuthi abe ngungqongqoshe wezangaphakathi minister for home affairs ezinye izikhundla kwikhabhinethi zanikezwa amalunga e anc  abanjengo joe modise ualfred nzo ujoe slovo umac maharaj kanye nodullah omar okwakukudala bengamaqabane kodwa wabuye wafakela nabanye abasha abanjengo tito mboweni kanye nojeff radebe laba kwakungabantu abaseyintsha yangaleso sikhathi ubudlelwane bukamandela node klerk babunengcindezi ngoba umandela wayecabanga ukuthi kukhona izinto ude klerk azenza ngamabomu zokucikela phansi umoya wokubuyisana kanti node klerk naye wayebona ukuthi umandela umcikela phansi ngojanuwari umandela wagxeka kakhulu ude klerk ngokuthi anikeze amaphoyisa angu ushwele ngaphambi koketho kanti futhi kamuva wamgxeka ngokuthi avikele lowo owayengungqongqoshe wezamasosha u magnus malan ngesikhathi lona owayengungqongqoshe wamasosha ebekwa icala lokubulala umandela ngokwakhe qobo wavakashela izikhulu zombuso wobandlululo ezibandakanya umfelokazi ka hendrik verwoerd ubetsie schoombie kanye nommelil owamshushisa ngokuboshwa kwakhe upercy yutar akanye nokuyobeka izimbali ethuneni leqhawe lama afrikaner u daniel theron wayegcizelela kakhulu ukuxolelana nokubuyisana nokumemezela ukuthi abantu abanezibindi abesabi ukuxolela abanye abantu nokubuyisana nabo ukuze kube noxolo courageous people do not fear forgiving for the sake of peace wakhuthaza abantu abamnyama ukuthi basekele iqembu likazwelonke lomdlalo we rugby elalingathandwa ekuqaleni iqembu le springboks ngesikhathi iningizimu afrika kuyiyo eyayingamele indebe yomhlaba yalo mhlalo we rugby world cup ngemuva kokuba ama springboks kuma final ewine indebe ngokushaya iqemu lezwe lase new zealand umandela nguwe owethula indebe kukaputeni u francois pienaar ongumu afrikaner egqoke ijezi lama springbok lenombolo yakhe u pienaar unombolo ngemuva ejezini lokhu kwamufakela idumela nakakhulu njengoba kwakubona njengomoya wokubuyisana phakathi kwabamhlophe nabamnyama baseningizimu afrika njengoba ude klerk asho kamuva ukuthi umandela unqobe izinhliziyo zezigidi gidi zababukelli abamhlophe bomdlalo we rugby imizamo kamandela yokubuyisana yenza ukuthi iningi labantu abamhlophe bangasabi navalo kanti futhi lokhu kwasolwa kakhulu abantu abamnyama bamashanhliziyo   phakathi kwalabo ababemsola kwakungunkosikazi wakhe uwinnie owathi i anc isha amagqangqu kakhulu ngokubonelela izidingo zabamhlophe kunokusiza iningi labantu abamnyama abasenhluphekweni umandela wasingatha ukusungulwa kwekhomishana yamaqiniso nokubuyisana i truth and reconciliation commission ukuze iphenyisise ngezenzo zubugebengu ngaphansi kombuso wobandlululo ezenziwa ngumbuso wobandlululo kwabamnyama kanye nezenzo ze anc kanti futhi waqoka udesmond tutu ukuthi abe ngusihlalo wale khomishina ukuze abanamacala bangesabi ikhomishana yabeka ukuthi izonikeza ushwele ngobugebengu ngesikhathi sobandlululo kulabo abadalula amaqiniso bakhiphe ubufakazi bezenzo zabo ngesikhathi sombuso wobandlululo ukusukela ngofebruwari ikhomishana yabamba izinkundla zokulalela iminyaka emibili lapho khona okwalalelwa khona ubufakazi bobugebengu bokudlwengula ukuhlukumeza ngokomzimba nengqondo ukutshala amabhomu kanye nokubulawa kwabantu ngomshoshaphansi lokhu eyakwenza ngaphambi kokunikeza umbiko wayo wokugcina ngo ude klerk kanye nobuthelezi benza isicelo enkantolol ukuthi ubufakazi obuqondene nabo kokuthile embikweni wekhomishana bucindezelwe bungavezwa kanti futhi lesi sicelo savunyelwa yinkantolo umandela wancoma umsebenzi wekhomishana wabeka nokuthi ikhomishana isize ukuthi siqhele kwinqubo yesikhathi esedlule ukuze sikwazi ukubhekana nesikhathi samanje kanye nekusasa umbuso kamandela wathola izwe elalinegebe elikhulu lokungalingani nokwehlukana kanti futhi izinga lomcebo labamhlophe liphezulu kuthi abamnyama babesezingeni eliphansi kakhulu futhi namasevisi engaphakelwa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwemiphakathi yabamhlophe nabamnyama kwinani labantu abangama miliyoni abantu abangu miliyoni bebengenawo ugesi izindlu zangasese abantu abangu miliyoni bebengenawo amanzi ahlanzekile kuthi izingane ezingu miliyoni bezingekho esikoleni zingafundi kanti inani labantu abalinganiselwa kwingxenye yokubili kokuthathu bebengakwazi ukubhala kwakunenani labantu abangamaphesenge angu abaswele imisebenzi cishe uhafo wesizwe bekungabantu abaphila ngaphansi komkhawulo ofanele wendlala nokuhlupheka umthombo wezimali kahulumeni kwakucishe kungenalutho kuwo kanti ingxenye yokukodwa kokuhlanu kwebhajethi kahulumeni yayisetshenziselwa ukhokha izikweledu zikahulumeni okusho ukuthi kwakufanele kuphungulwe kakhulu inani elalizosetshenziselwa uhlelo lwemvuselelo nentuthuko i reconstruction and development programme rdp uhulumeni ayeluthembisile kanti futhi kungenzeki ukuthi uhulumeni impahla ayifake ngaphansi kophiko lwakhe ngenqubo ye nationalisation nemisebenzi ingadaleki ngo uhlelo we rdp lwasusa esikhundleni salo kwafakelwa umgomo we growth employment and redistribution gear owawuqinisekisa ukuthi eningizimu afrika kunenqubo yomnotho ohlangene ngenqubo eyaziwa ngelokuthi yi economic growth ngokusebenzisa uhlaka lomnotho wezimakethe olwaziwa ngokuthi yi market economics kanye nokukhuthaza abatshali zimali bangaphandle ukuthi batshale izimali ezweni kanti abaningi kwi anc babona ukuthi le nqubo yomgomo ongafuneki we neo liberal umgomo ongayiqendi inqubo yokungalingani ngokwenhlalisano kodwa umandela wawuvikela lo mgomo wezimakethe ngokusebenzisa lo mgomo we neo liberal uhulumeni kamandela kwakusho ukuthi unamathela kulokho okwazi ngelokuthi yi washington consensus okwakuyinqubo ekhuthazwa nokuvuthelwa ngabezinhlangano ze world bank kanye ne international monetary fund ngaphansi kobongameli bukamandela kwanyusa inani lezenhlalakahle ukusukela ku ngo ukuya ku ku uhulumeni wenza isilinganiso kumagranti emixhaso yemiphakathi okubandakanya amagranti okukhubazeka amagranti ezondlo zezingane kanye nezimpesheni zabadala kanti ngesikhathi esedlule le mixhaso yayinikwa ngokwehlukana kwezinhlanga zabamnyama nabamhlophe eningizimu afrika ngo kwasungulwa uhlelo lonakekelo lwezempilo lwamahhala ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyisithupha kanye nabesimame abakhulelwe kanti lokhu kwahlinzekwa kubo bonke abasebenzisa uhlelo lwezimpilo lukahulumeni ezibhedlela nasemaklliniki kahulumeni lokhu kwenziwa ngonyaka ka ngonyaka ka i anc yase ikwazi ukuziqhenya ngokuthi ngenxa yemigomo yabo abantu abangama miliyoni base benezingcino zolayini bothelefoni kanti izingane ezingu miliyoni zona zafakelwa ezikoleni kwakhiwa kanye nokuthuthukisa amakliniki angu abantu abantu miliyoni bafakelwa ugesi abantu abangama miliyoni bahlinzekwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile kwakhiwa nezindlu ezingu ezizihlinzeka abantu abangama miliyoni ngenani umthetho wokubuyiswa komhlaba wango ongu the land restitution act of wenza ukuthi abantu abalahlekelwa yimpahla yabo ngenxa yomthetho wobandlululo ngomhlaba owaphuca abantua bamnyama imihlaba yabo umthetho ka we natives land act ukuze bakwazi ukukleyimi ukubuyiselwa imihlaba yabo wenza ukuthi kubuyisa imihlaba yamakleyimi emihlaba umthetho wokuhlela kabusha ezimihlaba ka we the land reform act ka wavikela amalungelo abasebenzi abahlala futhi besebenza emapulazini nabatshala khoma emapulazini kanye nokufuya imfuyo yabo emapulazini lo mthetho waqinisekisa ukuthi labo bahlali basemapulazini bangachithwa emapulazini ngaphandle kokuba kunomyalelo wenkantolo noma uma bengaphezu kweminyaka engu umthetho wokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono wango we skills development act of wahlinzeka ngokuqalwa kwezinqubo zokuthola izimali kanye nokuqhubela phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono ezindaweni zemisebenzi ngokwamukela ukuthi imboni yomkhiqizo wezikhali eningizimu afrika ibaluleke kakhulu umandela wavumela udaba lokuhwebelana ngezikhali ngisho noma kwenziwa imithethe nqubo eqinile maqondana ne armscor ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhali zaseningizimu afrika zingathengiselwa imibuso ecindezela izakhamuza zayo ngaphansi kombuso kamandela kwakhuthaza umkhakha wezokuvakasha tourism lokhu okwenza ukuthi lo mkhakkha ube ngobaluleke kakhulu kumnotho weningizimu afrika abanye abasolayo njengo edwin cameron wasola umbuso kamandela ukuthi awusebenzi ngomdlandla ukulwa nobhubhane lwe hiv aids ezweni cishe ngonyaka ka kwase kunenani lamaphesente angu labantu baseningizimu afrika abase bengenwe yi hiv umandela kamuva wavuma ukuthi akazange alunake kakhulu udaba lobhubhane lwe hiv aids lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi abantu abakuthandi ukukhuluma ngodaba lwezocansi eningizimu afrika kanti futhi washo nokuthi lolu daba wayeluyekele umbeki ukuthi abhekane nalo umandela wasolwa ngokuthi akasebenzanga ngomdlandla ukulwisana nobugebengu nokuthi iningizimu afrika inezinga eliphezulu kakhulu kunamanye amazwe lobugebengu kanti futhi amagenge ezigelekeqe zezigebengu zamazwe omhlaba akhulu kakhulu ezweni eminyakeni elishumi umbuso kamandela wasolwa kakhulu nangokuthi wayehluleka ukubhekana nenkinga yenkohlakalo kwezezimali corruption ezinye izinkinga zabangwa ukuthi iningi labantu abamhlophe bamakhono baphuma ngobuningi ezweni leningizimu afrika befudukela kwamanye amazwe laba bamhlophe bathi babaleka ezweni ngoba bebalekela ubugebengu obabuya ngokudlanga kanye nokubalekela ukukhokhela izinga eliphezulu lentela kanye nomphumela wenqubo yokubonelela nokunikeza abamnyama amathuba emisebenzini ngenqubo abamhlophe ababeyibiza ngokuthi yi positive discrimination enikeza abamnyama amathuba emmisebenzi lokhu kufuduka ngobuningi kwabamhlophe ezweni kwabangela ukulahleka kwalabo abanamakhono okwaziwa ngokuthi yi brain drain kanti umandela wayegxeka labo abamhlophe abafudukayo ezweni beya kwamanye amazwe kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi izwe leningizimu afrika laba neningi labantu abayizigidi gidi ikakhulukazi abamnyama ababengena ezweni ngokushushumba ngelokwaziwa ngokuthi ama illegal migrants laba bantu babebuya kumazwe ase afrika ahlupheke kakhulu kanti futhi kwakunombono ongemuhle ngalaba bantu abangena ezweni abanye babebasho ngamagama aziswana besho nokuthi balethe izifo ezweni kanye nobugebengu umandela wancenga abantu bezwe ukuthi bamukele laba bantu abangena ezweni njengabafowethu nodadewethu umandela wayenombono wokuthi ubudlelwane beningizimu afrika namazwe angaphandle bufanele buncike nokwenziwa ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuthi lawo mazwe ahlonipha amalungelo abantu balawo mazwe ekuhlonipheni kwamalungelo abantu kulawo mazwe ngokulandela isibonelo seningizimu afrika umandela wakhuthaza ezinye izizwe ukuthi nazo ziqikelele ukuxazulula izinkinga ngezingxoxo nge diplomacy kanye nomoya wokubuyisana ngoseptemba ka umandela waqokwa ukuba ngunobhala jikelele secretary general wenhlangano yezizwe ezizimele nezingathathi nhlangothi eyaziwa ngelokuthi yi non aligned movement kanti yabamba ikhonferense yayo yonyaka edurban umandela wasebenzisa leli thuba ukugxeka inkohlakalo nomoya wobuzwe bobudlova awubizwa ngokuthi yi narrow chauvinistic interests kahulumeni wezwe lase israel ngoba leli lizwe lacikela phansi inqubo yokubonisana namapalestina lokhu okuqhubela phambili izinxushunxushu nezingxabano kwi israeli palestinian conflict kanti futhi wanceka nezwe lasendiya kanye nepakistan ukuthi zihlale phansi zibonisane ngenxabano yase kashmir kashmir conflict kanti kulokhu kuncenga amazwe ukuthi abonisane ngezingxoxo kunokulwa wagxekwa kakhulu yizwe lase israel kanye nelase india ngokufakelwa ugqozi ukukhula komnotho wamazwe asempumalanga asia east asia umandela waqala ukwakha ubudlelwane namazwe ase east asia ikakhulukazi i malaysia kodwa lobu budlelwane naleli lizwe bahlakazeka ngenxa yokuqala kwezinkinga komnotho kula mazwe ngezehlakalo ezabizwa ngokuthi yi asian financial crisis wazama ukubhekana nenkinga yamazwe aseshayina amabili ngokwaziwa ngokuthi yi two china problem ngokuthi azame ukuxhumana nawo omabili lamazwe okuyi the people s republic of china prc okanti leli lizwe lalibonisa ukukhula komnotho ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu kanye nezwe lase taiwan okwakukudala lilokhu lihwebelana nokutshala izimali kumnotho weningizimu afrika kodwa lomzamo wakhe wacasula izwe lase prc kakhulu kangangokuthi ngonovemba waphoqeleka ukunqamula ubuhlobo nezwe lase taiwan kwathi ngomeyi ka wavakashela ikomkhulu lezwe laseshayina i beijing ngisho noma wayemgxeka esidlangalaleni kwizikhashana eziningana kodwa umandela wayemthanda u clinton kanti futhi wamsekela ngesikhathi iphalamende yakhona ifuna ukumgudlula esikhundleni sokuba ngumengameli wakhona ngenkambiso eyaziwa ngokuthi yi impeachment proceedings umandela wagxekwa kakhulu ngokuba nobudlelwane obusondelene nomongameli wase indonesia umongameli suharto ngoba umbuso kasuharto wawucindezela kakhulu amalungelo abantu bezwe lakhe ngisho noma wavakashela izwe lase indonesia umandela wakhuthazana naye ngasese ukuthi aphume ngencindezelo nokuthatha izwe lase east timor ngenkambiso eyaziwa ngokuthi yi occupation of east timor kanti futhi umandela wagxekwa kakhulu ngobudlelwane bombuso weningizimu afrika namazwe ase syria i cuba kanye ne libya kanye nokuba nobudlelwane obukhulu bokusondelana nabantu abanjengo fidel castro kanye no muammar gaddafi u castro wavakashela kuleli laseningizimu afrika ngo futhi uhambo lwakhe lwaba nedumela kakhulu kanti umandela wabuye wahlangana no gadaffi elibya ukumnikeza indlondlo ye order of good hope lapho amazwe entshonalanga aphesheya kanye nabezindaba bemgxeka umandela wakukhahlela lokho kugxekwa kwakhe nokusho ukuthi kusekelwe yimibono yobandlululo ngebala washo nokuthi izitha zamazwe asentshonalanga phesheya akuzona izitha zakhe the enemies of countries in the west are not our enemies umandela wayenethemba lokuthi angalekelela ukuxazulula inkinga nokungezwani okwakukhona phakathi kwamazwe ase us nebrithani ne libya kanye nokwenza ukuthi abammangalelwa baselibya bayoquliswa icala amagama abo okwakungu abdelbaset al megrahi kanye no lamin khalifah fhimah kanti laba bammangalelwa babebekwe izinsolongonovemba ka zokuthi yibo ababangela ukuqhuma kwebhomu endizeni ye pan am flight umandela waphakamisa ukuthi laba bammangalelwa baselibya kumele bayoquliswa icala kwelinye izwe elingaxhumene nelibya kanye ne us nebrithani kanti lokhu kwavunywa yibo bonke ababethinteka kulolu daba futhi ecaleni lakho kwakuzosetshenziswa umthetho we scots law kwasekuthi icala laqulelwa endaweni yase at camp zeist e netherlands ngo epreli ka kanti futhi oyedwa kubammangalelwa watholwa enecala umandela wasekela isimemezelo sikambeki sokuvuselela i afrika ezaziwa ngelokuthi yi african renaissance kanti wayekhathazeka ngezinto ezenzeka kwizwekazi lekhontinente ye afrika wazama ukwenza izingxoxo zokubuyisana nondlovukayiphikiswa wezempi enigeria u sani abacha military junta ukuthi aphume esikhundleni sokwengamela izwe kodwa akangaphumelela kulo mzamo yingakho ekugcineni wamemezela ukuthi umbuso ka abacha untswinywe ngenqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi ama sanctions lapho u abacha eqhubeke nokucikela phansi amalungelo abantu ezweni lakhe ngonyaka ka waqokwa uuba ngusihlalo wezizwe eziseningizimu ne afrika ezaziwa ngelokuthi yi southern african development community sadc kanti futhi wazama nokwenza izingxoxo zokubuyisana kwabantu basecongo nomholi wakhona wangaleso sikhathi lapho kuqala impi eyaziwa ngelokuthi yi first congo war ezaire wazama nokuxazulula inkinga yempi yobuhlanga phakathi kwamaqembu ezepolitiki ama tutsi nama hutu kwempi yokuvukelana ngobuhlanga eburundi eyaziwa ngokuthi yi burundian civil war wasiza ukuqala izingxoxo zokubonisana okwenza ukuthi isimo sakhona siye ngokuzinza kodwa noma singaqedanga uvukelwano lodlame kwisenzo sokuqala sokusebenzisa amasosha aseningizimu afrika okwaziwa nge south africa s first post apartheid military operation ngoseptemba ka kwathunyelwa amasosha elesotho ukuyovikela umbuso kandunankulu wakhona u pakalitha mosisili ngemuva kokuba kube nokhetho imiphumela yakhona okungavunyelwana ngayo kanti lokhu kwabanga uvukelano lwesizwe isinqumo ngokwaso sokuthumela amasosha asikhishwanga ngumandela uqobo ngoba wayengaphandle kwezwe ngesikhathi kwenzeka lokho kodwa isinqumo sakhishwa ngubuthelezi owayeyibambela likamongameli umandela ngesikhathi engekho umthethosisekelo omusha weningizimu afrika constitution of south africa kwavunyelwana ngawo ephalamende ngomeyi kanti wawubeka izikhungo eziningi ukuqikelela ukuthi kukhona izikhungo zezepolitiki nezokuphatha esisekelwe kwinqubo yedimokhrasi yomthethosisekelo ude klerk waphikisana nokusetshenziswa kwalo mthethosisekelo omsuha kanti futhi yingakho yena nenational party yakhe baqoka ukuphuma kumbuso wobambiswano ngoba bekhalazela lo mthethosisekelo omusha kanti futhi ude klerk lona wabika nokuthi abakuhulumeni abaku anc ababaphathi njengabalingani abalinganayo kumbuso i anc yathathela kuyo zonke izikhundla zekhabhinethi ezazibanjwe ngabe national party bengakaphumi kanti umbeki waba ngusekela mongameli oyedwa inkatha yona yasala iyingxenye yohulumeni wobambiswano kanti lapho umandela nombeki bengaphandle kwezwe ubuthelezi waqokwa ukuba yibamba likamongameli kanti lokhu kwenza ukuthi kube nobudlelwane obungcono phakathi kwakhe nomandela ngisho noma umandela ezikhathini eziningi wayethatha izinyathelo ezibambekayo ekubuseni kwakho eminyakeni emibili yokuqala njengomongameli ekugcineni wayesegunyaza umbeki kwimisebenzi yakhe ekugcineni ngemuva kwalokho yena nje wayesebheka ezobunhloli kanye nezokuvikeleka ngo kuhambo wakhe lokuvakashela elondon watshela abantu lapho ukuthi umbusi wansuku zonke eningizimu afrika nguthabo mbeki mina sengidlulisela kuye okuningi umandela wabeka phansi izintambo zokuba ngumongameli we anc ngodisemba kwikhonferense wayenethemba lokuthi ramaphosa nguye ozothatha izintambo zobungameli ngemuva kwakhe ngoba wayebona umbeki enjengomuntu ongakwawzi uguquguquka ngokwesimo kanti futhi wayembona engumuntu ongafuni neze ukuphikiswa kodwa noma kunjaloi i anc yakhetha umbeki ukuba ngumongameli lapho kuthathwa isikhundla sokuba ngumongameli kukamandela isigungu esiphezulu sakela u jacob zuma ukuba yisekela likamongameli kanti uzuma ngumzulu owayekade eboshiwe esiqiwini sase robben island ngeminyaka yangaphambilini ngaphambi kokuba aye ekudingisweni kanti uwinnie wamnikeza inselele kulesi sikhundla ngoba uwinnie wayesekelwa kakhulu enedumela kodwa uzuma nguye owathola isikhundla sokuba ngusekela mongameli kukhetho kanti futhi uzuma wawina ngamavoti amaningi adlula akawinnie kulolo khetho ubudlelwane bukamandela nomachel baya ngokuqina kangongokuthi ngufebruwari ka waze wathi ngithandana nowesimame oyisimanga kanti futhi kwathi lapho ecindezelwa ngumngani wakhe udesmond tutu owamcindezela ukuthi kumele bashade nograca ukuze babeyisibonelo esihle kubantu abasha ngakho ke walungiselela umshado ukuthi uqondana nokuqeda kwakhe iminyaka engama kwinyanga kajulayi ngakusasa kwakhona wahlela idili nezikhulu zamazwe ehlukene angaphandle ngisho noma umthethosisekelo wawuvumela umongameli ukusebenza esikhundleni amahlandla amabili eminyaka emihlanu kabili umandela wakhetha ukusishiya isikhundla sobungameli ngoba wayengazimisele ukuba ngumongameli kwisihlandla sesibili wanikeza inkulumo yakhe yokuvalelisa ephalamende ngomhla ka march lapho inkundla yephalamende izovala ukulungiselela ukhetho lukazwelonke lwango ngemuva kwalokho wathatha umhlalaphansi ngisho noma uhlolo zimvo opinion polls eningizimu afrika ukuthi abantu basebeqala ukungayisekeli kakkhulu i anc kodwa umandela ngokwakhe wahlala enedumela kangangokuba wayesekelwa kakhulu eningizimu afrika ngabantu abalingana inali lama  futhi abantu bebonisa ukuneliseka ngokusebenza kwakhe njengomongameli wezwe lapho ethatha umhlalaphansi ngojuni umandela wayefuna ukuziphilela impilo ethulile nomndeni wakhe kanti futhi efuna ukwehlukanisa isikhathi sakhe phakathi kokuhlala ejonnesburg kanye nasequnu waqala ukubhala incwadi yakhe ngesikhathi engumongameli esihloko sithi the presidential years kodwa akayiqedanga ukuyibhala le ncwadi ayizange isachicilelwa wakuthola ukuhlala nje ekhaya angenzi lutho kunzima wabuyela kwimpilo yakhe yokuhlala ematasatasa kanti futhi enohlelo lwemisebenzi ayenza nsuku zonke lapho khona lapho wayehlangana naboholi bamazwe omhlaba kanye nosaziwayo   kanti lapho esejohannesburg wayesebenzela inelson mandela foundation ayisungula ngo ukuze igxile kwizinhlelo zokuthuthukisa izindawo zasemakhaya ukwakhiwa kwezikole kanye nomkhankaso wokulwa nobhubhane lwe hiv aids ngisho noma wayekade egxekwe kakkhulu ngokuthi udaba lwe hiv aids angalunaki ngesikhathi esingumongameli wazinikezela kakhulu ekubhekaneni nalolu daba lapho esethathe umhlalaphansi wachaza lolubhubhane njengempi esihlasele yabulala iningi labantu ukudlula nabantu abashona ezimpini zangempela kanti futhi kulo mkhankaso wokulwa nobhubhane wasebenzisana nabenhlangano ye treatment action campaign wacela nombeki ukuthi aqinisekise ukuthi uhulumeni asize abantu baseningizimu afrika abane hiv ngemithi yama anti retrovirals ngonyaka ka unelson mandela wasungula ithonamenti ye nelson mandela invitational charity golf tournament eyayigqugquzelwa ngu gary player umandela walashelwa  walulama kwisifo somdlavuza noma ikhensa ye prostate cancer ngojulayi ka ngo umandela wasingatha ukusungula kwe nelson mandela annual lecture yokuthi njalo ngosuku oluthile lonyaka kunikezwe izinkulumo zesikhumbuzo sakhe kwathi ngo kwavula i mandela rhodes foundation eyasimekwa kwi rhodes house e university of oxford ukuhlinzeka ngama scholarship kwizitshudeni zase afrika eziqede iziqu zokuqala la maprojekthi alandelwa yisikhungo sesikhumbuzo sakhe esaziwa ngokuthi yi nelson mandela centre of memory kanye nomkhankaso we campaign wokulwa nobhubhane lwe hiv aids wanikeza inkulumo youvala kwikhonferense enkulukazi yamazwe omhlaba eyaziwa ngelokuthi yi xiii international aids conference edurban ethekwini ngo kanti ngo wanikeza inkulumo kwenye ikhonferense enkulukazi ye xv international aids conference ebangkok ethailand umandela waya ekhuluma kakhulu ngousezidlangalaleni ukusola abemibuso yaphesheya wasola kakhulu uhlaselo lwe nato ngohlaselo lwango lokungenela ekosovo lwe nato intervention in kosovo kanti futhi lolu hlaselo walibiza ngokuthi yithi le mibuzo yaphesheya izama ukuzenza amaphoyisa kwamanye amazwe omhlaba ngo wakhuluma ezikabhoqo ngesikhathi esola nokugxeka iplani ye us ne uk yokuqala impi ezweni lase iraq nge war in iraq le mpi wayechaza njengento ewubuwula obuyingozi kanti futhi wamtshela ezikabhoqo umongameli wasemelika wangaleso sikhathi u george w bush kanye nondunankulu wangaleso sikhathi wase uk u tony blair wabasola nangokuthi bacikela phansi inhlangano yeziwe ezihlangane i un washo nokuthi okukhulu okufunwa ngu bush ngempi yase iraq ukuqhwaga  i oyela yase iraqs iraqi oil futhi walibeka ngembaba elokuthi i us yenze ubugebengu obukhulukazi bokuhamba ihlasela amanye amazwe omhlaba ukudlala ezinye izizwe esho ngokulinganisa nangokuhlaselwa kwejapan nge atomic bombing of japan kanti le nkulumo yakhe yokusola nokugxeka la mazwe amabili i us ne uk kwasolwa kakhulu ngabanye kodwa kamuva wabuye waba nobudlelwane nokuxolelana no blair wahlala elokhu ebheke ngeso elinzulu udaba lokuxabana kwe libya ne uk kanti futhi wabuya wavakashela ejele lowo waselibya owayeboshelwe ukuqhuma kwebhomu endizeni u megrahi wamuvakashela ejele lase barlinnie prison kanti futhi wababaza nokukhuza ngesimo sasejele u megrahi ayekuso nangendlela embi ayephethwe ngayo ejele washo nokukubeka ukuthi impatho yakhe isho ukuhlumhlukumeza engqondweni nasemoyeni ngenqubo eyaziwa njenge psychological persecution ngojuni lapho eneminyaka engu kanti futhi nempilo yakhe isiya ngokuba buthakathaka umandela wamemezela ukuthi manje usezothatha umhlalaphansi wangempela retiring from retirement kanti futhi ngeke esenza imisebenzi yezinhlelo zakhe zangasese abezenza waze wakhipha nelokuthi abantu bangasamshayeli izingcingo yena uzobasheyela uma kunesidingo kodwa waqhubeka nokuhlangana nabangani asondelene nabo kanye nabomndeni ifoundation yakhe yayibabuyisela emuva abantu abazama ukuxhumana naye ngoba befuna azonikeza izinkulumo emiphakathini kanti futhi babevimbela abantu abazama ukwenza izicelo zokuzombona waqhubeka nokungenela ezinye izinhlelo zezindaba zamazwe omhlaba ngo wasungula i nelson mandela legacy trust wavakashela izwe lase us lapho anikeza khona inkulumo kwi brookings institution kanye naku naacp ngesidingo sokulekelela kwezomnotho we afrika wakhuluma nalowo owayengu senator e us u hillary clinton kanye nomongameli ugeorge w bush kanti futhi wahlangana okokuqala nalowo owayeyi senator e us ubarack obama kanti futhi umandela wabuye wakhuthaza nomongameli wasezimbabwe urobert mugabe ukuthi aqede ukucikelwa phansi kwamalungelo abantu basezimbabwe ngoba kwakunokuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo abantu kulelo lizwe lapho ukunceka kwakhe umugabe kungasebenzi waqala ukumgxeka esidlangalaleni ngo futhi wamncenga nokuthi abeke phansi izintambo zokubusa ngesidima nangesithunzi   kulowo nyaka umandela ugraca machel kanye nodesmond tutu bahlela ingqugquthela yabaholi bamazwe omhlaba ukuhlangana ejohannesburg ukuze basize ngemibono ejulile njengabantu abadala bomndeni omnyama futhi umbono owawuzolalelwa wobukhaliphi nobudala ukubhekana nezinkinga zamazwe omhlaba ezinzima umandela wamemezela ukubunjwa kwaleli qembu lomsipha isiqinile nobukhaliphi leli qembu laziwa ngokuthi umkhandlo wabadala i the elders kwinkulumo yakhe yosuku lokuzalwa kwakhe lapho eqeda iminyaka yama usuku lokuzalwa lukamandela lwagutshwa kulo onke izwe lapho eqeda iminyaka engama ngomhla ka julayi kanti futhi wayezimisele ukugubha lolu suku esequnu kanti futhi kwahlelwa nekhonsathi egameni lakhe e hyde park london kwinkulumo yakhe yangalolo suku umandela wamemezela ukuthi bonke abazigwili kuwo wonke umhlaba kumele basize abantu abahluphekile emhlabeni ngaso sonke isikhathi so bungameli bukambeki umandela waqhubeka ukusekela i anc ngisho noma isithunzi sakhe sasembozwa ngumsebenzi kambeki lapho ababevela khona emphakathini bobabili umandela wayenamela ubudlelwane nalowo owalandela esikhundni sobungameli u jacob zuma kodwa noma kunjalo abe nelson mandela foundation baxhwaya lapho umzukulu kamandela umandla mandela endiziza umandela ngendiza ukuze aye empuma kapa ukuhambela irally kazuma ngesikhathi kunezimpikiswano nemibango phakathi kukambeki nozuma ngo ngonyaka ka umandela wakhankasela ukuthi indebe yebhola lezinyawo yamazwe omhlaba izodlalelwa eningizimu afrika i fifa world cup nokumemezela ukuthi lesi kungaba yisipho esikhulukazi sezwe ukuzobungazana nezwe lase afrika lapho ligubha iminyaka elishumi selokhu kwaphela umbuso wobandlululo umandela nguye owethula indebe yamazwe omhlaba ye fifa world cup trophy ngemuva kokuba iningizimu afrika inikezwe ithuba lokuthi kube yilona lizwe elizobambela imidlalo yendebe yebhola lezinyawo yamazwe omhlaba ngisho noma wayengadlali indima etheni ngoba impilo yakhe yase ibuthakathaka umandelwa wahambela umcimbi wokuvalwa kwendebe yemidlalo yebhola yamazwe omhlaba lapho khona izihlwele zabantu ezamemukela ngelikhulu idumela rapturous reception phakathi konyaka ka no umandela nomndeni wakhe babesengxabanweni yomthetho bebanga imali ayeyibekele izizukulwana zakhe kwi trust yomndeni phakathi nonyaka ka ngesikhathi umandela egula esesibhedlela sasepitori ephethwe yisifo samaphaphu abomndeni wakhe babebambene ngezihluthu enkantolo maqondana nokulungiselela ukungcwatshwa kwakhe ubangisano lwalumaqondana nendawo yokungcwatshwa kwakhe nezingane zakhe ngofebruwari wasiwa esibhedlela okwesikhashana ngoba enenkinga yokuphefumula ngenxa ye respiratory infection lokhu kugula kwakhe kwahuha amahlo abantu bamazwe omhlaba kanti emuva kwalokho wabuyela futhi esibhedlela lapho ene infection yamaphathu kanye nokususwa kwe gallstone ngodisemba ka ngemuva kokuba elashwe ngempumelelo ekuqaleni kuka march  i infection yamaphaphu akhe yabuye yavuka futhi wahanjiswa esibhedlela sasepitori kwathi ngomhla ka june i infection yamaphaphu yabhoka futhi wabuyeselwa futhi esibhedlela sasepitori ekwisimo esingagculisi lapho kwakwembulwa kwembeswa ngomhla ka juni uzuma wamemezela ukuthi isimo sempilo kamandela siya ngokuba bucayi kakhulu critical   u uzuma ehambisana nosekela mongameli we cyril ramaphosa baya bayohlangana nonkosikazi kamandela u graa machel esibhedlela epitori kanye nokuxoxa ngesimo sempilo yakhe kwathi ngomhla ka june ecape town u thabo makgoba wavakashela umandela esibhedlela nokufika athandaze nograa machel mandela kulesi sikhathi sobunzima sokulinda nokulindela ngosuku olulandelayo uzuma wavakashela umandela esibhedlela kanti futhi wakhansela nohambo lwakhe ayezoluthatha ngakusasa kwakhona aye emozambique ngoseptemba umandela wakhishwa esibhedlela ngisho noma isimo sakhe sasingakazinzi kahle ngemuva kokuba ehlushwe yi respiratory infection isikhathi eside umandela washona ngomhla ka disembe eneminyaka engu washona ngehora lika ngesikhathi sendawo local time utc ekhaya lakhe e houghton ejohannesburg futhi ezungezwe umndeni wakhe uzuma wamemezela ukushona kwakhe ememezela kuwo wonke umuntu kanti ukushona kwakhe wakumemezela kwithelevishini uzuma wamemezela ukuthi kube nesikhathi sokulila noma ukuzila izinsuku ezilishumi kanti umhla ka kudisemba kwakuzokwenziwa usuku lomthandazo nokuzihlaziya kuzwelonke kanti inkonzo enkulu yabanjelwa e johannesburg efnb stadium ngomhlaka disemba umzimba kamandela wabekwa ukuze bonke abantu bazokwenza inhlonipho yokuwubukela okwaziwa ngokuthi i lay in state ukusukela ngomhla ka ukuya ku disemba e union buildings epitori kanti inkonzo yomngcwabo ehlelwe umbuso i state funeral yabanjwa ngomhla ka disemba equnu umngcwabo wakhe wahanjelwa yizikhulu zamazwe angaphandle aseduzane nakude ezilinganiselwa ku abantu abasuka kude kude beza eningizimu afrika ukuzohlanganyela kwizinkonzo zesikhumbuzo sakhe eningizimu afrika amazwe okubonga umandela kanye nezithombe nemifanekiso yakhe kwakugcwele  yonke indawo ikakhulukazi kwi social media enjengo facebook ifa elilinganiselwa ku miliyoni lashiyelwa umkakhe amanye amalunga omndeni abasebenzi bakhe kanye nezikhungo zemfundo umandela wayengusopolitiki obonelela izinto ngendlela ebambekayo practical politician kunokuthi agxile ezintweni ezibonwa ngeso lengqondo kuphela kanye nokulandela amatiyori ezepolitiki rather than an intellectual scholar or political theorist ngokusho kombhali wemilando ngabantu ibhayografa utom lodge wathi kumandela ipolitiki ibihlala njalo iqondene nezindaba eziphilayo kanye nokwenza kwabantu imilando kanti futhi wayebona ukuthi kumele abe yisibonelo esihle ngendlela yokuziphatha kanti okombono we idiyoloji kwakulandela ngemuva wayekubona kuyindlela yokufinyelela ezinjongweni ezithile kunokuba yinhloso ngokwakho for mandela politics has always been primarily about enacting stories about making narratives primarily about morally exemplary conduct and only secondarily about ideological vision more about means rather than ends umandela wayezibona njengomu afrika olwela ukukhululeka kwesizwe ngenqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi yi african nationalist i idiyoloji ayebambelele kuyo selokhu ajoyina i anc kanti futhi abuye azibone njenge democratic socialist wayegqugquzelela ukuthi kugcine kunesizwe esingabandlululi ngokwezikhundla nezimo zabantu kanti futhi lapho khona kunokulingana kwawo wonke umuntu ngenqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi yi classless society kanti usampson umchaza njengomuntu owayephikisana ngokusobala nenqubo yobukhapitali ubunikazi bomhlaba nezimpahla zezwe bangasese kanye nokuphikisana namandla osozimali sampson describing him as openly opposed to capitalism private land ownership and the power of big money umandela wayefakelwa umbono womfutho yinqubo ye marxism kanti ngesikhathi somzabalazo wayegqugquzelela inqubo ye scientific socialism ngesikhathi equliswa icala lokucikela phansi umbuso le treason trial wakuphika ukuthi uyikhomanisi kanti futhi wakugcizelela lokhu nangesikhathi ekhuluma nabacosheli bezindaba amajenalisti ibhayografa kamandela udavid jones smith wachaza ukuthi umandela wayeyisingathile nokuthanda inqubo yobukhomanisi futhi ezibandakanya namakhomanisi embraced communism and communists ekupheleni kweminyaka yoma kanti ekuqaleni koma kanti futhi umbhali wemilando ustephen ellis wathola ubufakazi bokuthim umandela wayeyilunga leqembu lamakhomanisi i south african communist party sacp lokhu kwaqiniswa ngemuva kokushona kwakhe kuqiniswa ngabeqembu le sacp kanye nabe anc ngokusho kwe sacp wayengelona nje ilunga kuphela kanti futhi wayekukomidi lesigungu esiphezulu i central executive committee ngo kwishatha yamalungelo i freedom charter umandela alekelela ekwenzweni kwayo yayimemezela ukuthi amabhangi izimauimi zegolide kanye nomhlaba kumele kufakelwe ngaphansi kobunikazi besizwe ngenqubo eyaziwa ngelokuthi yi nationalisation ngokukholelwa ukuthi lokhu yinto efanele ukuze kwabiwe umnotho wesizwe ngendlela elinganayo ngisho noma umandela wayenale nkolelo umandela waqala inqubo yokuthengiswa kwempahla yombuso ngenqubo ebizwa i privatisation ngesikhathi esesikhundleni sobungameli bezwe kanti lokhu kwakuhambisana nokwenzeka kwamanye amazwe ngalesi sikhathi kunombono wokuthi umandela wayengathanda ukuthi kube nenqubo yomnotho ye social democratic economy eningizimu afrika kodwa lokhu kwakungakhonakali ngenxa yesimo sengcindezi kwezomnotho kanye nezepolitiki kumkhakha wamazwe aphesheya ngezikhathi zeminyaka yoma lesi sinqumo sabangelwa nawukubona ukuwa kwemibuso yamazwe yenqubo yobusoshalisi kuwo wonke amazwe ayaziwa ngelokuthi ama socialist states kuzwekazi le soviet union kanye namanye amazwe asempuma ayaziwa ngokuthi ama eastern bloc lokhu kuwa kwale mibuso okwenziwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoma kanti futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi kwakukhona ukukhula komnotho ngesidumo kwizwe laseshayina elalisebenzissa inqubo yomnotho ye socialist market economy kanti futhi umandela wayethanda ukucaphuna kakhulu kwinkulumo yobuhlakani ka deng xiaoping s aphorism eyayithi akunandaba noma yiyiphi inqubo esetshenziswawayo inqaba nje uma isebenza kahle inemiphumela ngesisho esithi akunandaba noma ikati limnyama noma limhlophe inqaba nje uma likwazi ukubamba amagundane it doesn t matter whether a cat is black or white so long as it catches mice esikhathini sempilo yakhe waqala ukugqugquzelela inqubo yomzabalazo ngokuthula kodwa kamuva lapho le nqubo ingasebenzi waqala wagqugquzelela umzabalazo wezikkhali kanti futhi waqala lo mzabalazo wezikhali kwase kuthi ekugcineni wasingathi inqubo yokubonisana ngezingxoxo kanye nomoya wokubuyisana lapho eqala ukugqugquzelela inqubo yomzabalazo wezikhali kungoba wayengayiboni enye indlela engaba nempumelelo ngoba wayebona umbuso wabamhlophe ungaquguki kwinqubo yawo wengcindezelo kodwa wayehlala ezimisele ukuthi uma ithuba lomzabalazo woxolo liba khona uyolandlela wone inqaba nje uma izoholela ekubeni nezingxoxo zandawonye umandela wayethatha nemibono yabanye osongqondongqondo kwezepolitiki abanye ayethatha izibonelo zabo ngugandhi unehru izishukumi zabamnyama basemelika kanye nabelweli benkululeko yabamnyama e afrika abafana nokwame nkrumah kanti futhi wayethatha le mibono ayisebenzise ngokulandela isimo saseningizimu afrika kanti futhi wayebuye aphikisane neminye imiqondo efana nombono wokulwisa abamhlophe ngenxa yokuba bemhlophe anti white sentiment okwakuyinqubo eyayilandelwa ngabanye bama afrika ababelwela inkululeko e afrika kanti futhi wayexuba nemibono evela kweminye imikhakha yezemasiko isibonelo salokhu wayecosha nakwimibono ye afrikaner nationalism ngisho noma wayeke abuye asebenze njengozwi kaliphikiswa kwezinye izinkulumo zakhe kodwa wayekholelwa kakhulu kwidimokhrasi kanti futhi ezihlonipha izinqumo ezithathwe yiningi ngisho noma ngaphakathi enhliziyweni yakhe wayengavumelani nazo umbono wakhe kwezepolitiki wawubonisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwenqubo yedimokhrasi yenqubo yamaliberali eyaziwa ngelokuthi yi liberal democracy kanye nenqubo yakudala kungakabi nobukoloni e afrika inqubo yesi afrika yokwenza izinqumo ngokuvumelana wayekholelwa kakhulu kumbono wokubandakanya wonke umuntu nokusebenzisa amagama athi inclusivity accountability and freedom of speech ngoba ekholelwa ukuthi ukubandakanya wonke umuntu isisekelo esiqinile sedimokhrasi kanti futhi wayeholwa umbono wamalungelo okwemvelo natural  kanye namalungelo obuntu kanti futhi wayefuna ukuthi abamhlophe nabamnyama babenamalungelo alinganayo futhi evikela namalungelo alabo abathandana bengobobulili obufanayo lokhu okuthiwa ngama gay rights ukuthuthuka kwakhe kwezepolitiki kwakuthola umthelela kakhulu kuqeqesho lwakhe kwezomthetho nenkambiso ikakhulukazi ngethemba lakhe lokuthi yonke into ingenzeka ngaphandle kodlame nokukholelwa ukuthi lezi zinto zingenzeka ngokushintsha imithetho kancane kancane futhi ihambisane nesikhathi sesimanje ngenqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi yilegal revolution umandela wayebonwa njengomholi othandekayo nonedumela nogazi ebantwini ngokubizwa ngokuthi umholi o charismatic kanti ibhayografa yakhe umary benson umchaza njengomuntu owazalelwa ukuba ngumholi weningi labantu kanti futhi owayengazezinsi ukuba nomhuhane eluntwini a born mass leader who could not help magnetizing people wayengumuntu othathela isimo sakhe phezulu kanti futhi impilo yakhe yonke wayethanda ukugqoka izimpahla zeqophelo kanti futhi iningi labantu likholelwa ukuthi wayeziphethe ngenhlonipho nesithunzi sobukhosi kanti ukuthi wayengumuntu wasebukhosini kwakushiwo yiningi lababemsekela konke lokhu okwenza ukuthi abenamandla obuholi bedumela charismatic power ngesikhathi ehlala ejohannesburg ngeminyaka yoma wayezithatha njengenene lesicukuthwana lom afrika afrian gentleman wayehlala egqoka izimpahla eziprese ngobunono eziphatha ngobunono kanti futhi ekala amagama akhe engakhulumi nje aphahluke laho ekhuluma nabantu konke lokhu ekwenza ngokuhambisana nesithunzi sesikhundla sakhe ngokwenza lokho ulodge uthi umandela waba ngomunye osopolitiki bokuqala ababenedumela nokudunyiswa ngabathatheli bezindaba lokhu okwakukhombisa i afrika entsha yesimodeni futhi yenkululeko ngeminyaka yoma waba ngumuntu owaziwa njengogqoka izimpahla ezikhululekile nezilenga kahle emzimbeni futhi zemibala ekhanyayo amayembe ayewagqoka agcina ngokwenziwa ngokuthi ama madiba shirts nathandekayo nakwabanye futhi ayewagqoka njalo umbhali wangokosiko nomthetho webhayografi yakhe u anthony sampson waphawula wathi ungumnumzane ukwenza kwakhe okuhambisana nesithunzi sakhe ozethula kahle kwabezindaba nabezithombe ngokukhulu ukucophelela abantu abakubonayo nabafuna ukucaphuna kukho izinkulumo zakhe ayezethulela abantu zazethulwa kahle ngokosiko emi eqonde nje mpo lapho ezethula ngisho noma wayengeyena umuntu wobuciko nobugagu ngokukhuluma kodwa izinkulumo akhe zazibonisa ukuzimisela nokuzinikela kwakhe siqu futhi zinamahlaya nokuhuha abalaleli bazo ekuchazeni impiloyakhe umandela wachaza ukuthi akayena umesaya kodwa ungumuntu nje njengabanye abantu kodwa ungumuntu oye wazithola esesikhundleni sobuholi ngenxa yesimo esingavamile azithole ekuso umandela wayengumuntu ofuna ukuba nempilo yakhe yangasese futhi owayengathandi ukubonisa imizwa yakhe kanti futhi okuthinta yena siqu wayekudalulela abantu abambalwa nje kuphele empilweni yakhe yangasese wayephila impilo yokuzincisha nokuzithiba ezintweni eziningi wayengafuni ukuphuza utshwala noma ukubhema kanti futhi ngisho noma engumongameli wayevuka azindlalele umbhede wakhe waziwa njengomuntu wamahlaya kanti futhi wayaziwa njengomuntu ongaguquli umqondo kalula kanti futhi engumuntu oqotho kanti kwezinye izikhathi ubebonisa ukusheshe athukuthele wayengumuntu onobungani nowemukela abanye abantu kanti futhi kungumuntu onethezekile uma enabanye abantu engabonisi intukuthelo ngisho nakwizitha zakhe wayexoxa nabanye ngokukhululeka wayevamise ukuba ngumuntu oziphethe ngokuzithoba nohlonipha abanye abantu ngaphandle kokunaka izikhundla zabo ngisho noma bebadala noma bebancane noma bengabasebenzi wayaziwa njengomuntu owelula ingalo axhumane nabanye abantu ngisho noma bevala kweminye imiphakathi noma imikhakha ehlukene eminyakeni yakhe yokugcina wayebona bonke abantu kukhona ubuhle abanabo kubo kanti futhi wayeze avikele nabakumapolitiki namaqembu aphikisanayo nabo ekhuza nabalingani bakhe uma bephatha noma bekhuluma kabi abakwamanye amaqembu ezepolitiki kanti abalingani bakhe babethe yena uhlushwa ukuthi u themba wonke umuntu kalula wakhuliswa emndenini wobukhresto webandla lamaweseli i methodist church of southern africa kanti futhi washo nokuthi unamethele kuleli bandla impilo yakhe yonke ukuhlaziya imibhalo yakhe kwenze ukuthi abezenkolo abanjengo dion forster bamchaze njengomuntu obeyisazi sezenkolo ngonkulunkulu noma i christian humanist owayencike kakhulu ku ubuntu kunokuncika kwi christian theology   ngokusho kuka sampson umandela wayengeyena umuntu onokholo lwenkolo oluqinile kanti uboemer yena wathi ukholo lukamandela lwalungelona olwamagqanqu kangako  never robust wayethanda ukudla kwesindiya kanti futhi impilo yakhe yonke wayejabulela kakhulu izifundo ze archaeology umandelwa wayengumuntu othanda abesifazane okubizwa ngokuthi yi heterosexual kanti ibhayografa u fatima meer wathi umandela wayelingeka kakhulu kwabesimame enye ibhayografa u martin meredith omchaza njengomuntu owayenothando olukhulu ngokwemvelo kwabesimame ukhombisa ukuthi empilweni yakhe waba nobudlelewane nabesimame abaningi abehlukene umandela washada kathathu waba nezingane eziyithupha kanti futhi enabazuluku abayishumi nesikhombisa kanti futhi nezizukulwana zezizukulwane eziningi wayeba nesandla esiqinile ezingane zakkhe kodwa wayebathanda kakkhulu abazukulu bakhe umshado wakhe wokuqala waba no evelyn ntoko mase ngo okthoba ka   ngo badivosa ngemuva kweminyaka engu ngenxa yokuthi wayenoxhaxha lwezintombi kanti futhi ehlala engekho ekhaya ngoba wayezimisele kakhulu kwirivolushini kanye nokugqugquzela emzabalazweni kanti futhi nokuthi umkakhe wayeyilunga lebandla elaziwa ngokuthi ofakazi bakajehova jehovah s witnesses inkolelo engafuni ukuthi abantu bazibandakanye nezepolitiki ekuganeni kwakhe no evelyn baba namadodana amabili umadiba thembi thembekile kanye no makgatho mandela indodana yakhe yokuqala yashona engozini yemoto kwathi indodana yakhe yesibili yabulawa yisifo se aids kulo mendo baba namadodakazi amabili anamagama afanayo umakaziwe mandela abazalwa ngo enye ngo indodakazi youqala yashona inezinyanga eziyishagalolunye indodakazi yesibili u maki yona isaphila indodana kamakgatho umandla mandela ube yinkosi yomkhandlu wasemvezo ngo unkosikazi wesibili kamandela uwinnie madikizela mandela naye ubuya endaweni yase transkei kodwa noma bobabili bahlangana ejohannesburg lapho khona ayengunonhlalonhle social worker wokuqala womuntu omnyamar kulo mendo baba namadodakazi amabili uzenani zeni owazalwa ngomhla ka februwari kanye nozindziswa zindzi mandela hlongwane owazalwa ngo uzindzi wayenezinyanga ezingu kuphela ngesihathi ubaba wakhe ethunyelwa ejele lase robben island kamuva yena nowinnie baxabana babanezinkinga emndenini lokhu okwakubonisa nezinxushunxushu ezazikhona ezweni ngaleso sikhathi bagcina ngokwehlukana ngo epreli bagcina sebedivosa ngomashi ngokuba nengcindeze kwezepolitiki unkosikazi kamandela wesithathu kwakungu graa machel oka simbine amshada ngosuku lwesikhumbuzo sokuzalwa kwakhe lapho eqeda iminyaka engu ngonyaka ka ngesikhathi eshona eningizimu afrika nakumazwe angaphandle umandela wase ethathwa njengobaba wesizwe kanye nobaba owasungula inqubo yedimokhrasi nokubonwa njengomkhululi wesizwe umsindinsi efaniswa nalowo wase washington kanye no lincoln konke lokhu kubhanqwe ndawonye ngaphandle kweningizimu afrika wayethathwa  njengophawu olubalulekile kumhlaba wonkana global icon kanti usolwazi ngezifundo zeningizimu afrika urita barnard umchaza njengomunye wabantu abahlonipheke kakhulu kuwo wonke umhlaba esikhathini samanje omunye wamabhayografa umthatha njengeqhawe lesidimokhrasi lesikhathi samanje a modern democratic hero kanti idumela lakkhe lenza ukuthi abantu bamkhonze yena siqu ngokuthiwa yi cult of personality okwakheka ngokuqondene naye igama lakhe livamise ukubandakanywa namagama afana no gandhi kanye nomartin luther king jr njengomunye wezihlabane ezenza isibonelo kwiminyaka yama century kwabaholi ababelwa nenqubo yobandlululo ngebala kanye nokulwa nenqubo yobukoloni a uboehmer umchaza njengomunye unokuhlonipheka nesithunzi kulesi sikhathi samanje njengalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi a totem of the totemic values of our age toleration and liberal democracy kanye nophawu olubaluleke kakhulu lenqubo yokulwela ubuhlungiswa kwezenhlalisano a universal symbol of social justice udumo lukamandela kuwo wonke umhlaba lwaqala ngesikhathi esjele ngeminyaka yoma lapho eba yisiboshwa esidume kakhulu kunezinye kanti futhi ewuphawu lomzabalazo wokulwa nombuso wobandlululo kanye nophawu oluhlonishwa zigidi gidi zabantu kuwo wonke umhlaba kubantu abalwela inqubo yokulingana kwabo bonke abantu ngonyaka ka ibhayografa kamandela umary benson wamchaza njengomuntu oqukethe noyisibonelo sawo wonke umzabalazo wenkululeko eningizimu afrika umeredith yena ukuthi waba ngophawu oluqinile lomzabalazo wabantu ababelwisana nombuso wobandlululo ngeminyaka yoma kanti futhi wayesethathwa njengomuntu oyisimanga usampson yena waphawula ukuthi ngesikhathi sempilo yakhe lokhu kumbona njengophawu oluyisimanga noluyi myth empilweni yakhe kangangokuba abantu basebemthatha njengengilosi kungakapheli iminyaka elishumi ngemuva kokuba esukile esikhundleni sokuba ngumongameli lesi sikhathi sakhe sasithathwa njengesikhathi sokwenzeka kwezimanga ngensebenziswano njengalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi a golden age of hope and harmony kanti futhi abantu lesi sikhathi basasikhumbula kakhulu nabasibone ukuthi ngaso kwakwenzeka konke okuhle le nkumbulo ebizwa i nostalgia ngendlela esichazwa ngayot kuwo wonke umhlaba umandela unikezwe idumela lentshukumo yakhe ekuqedeni umbuso wenqubo yobandlululo ngokwebala kanye nokwakha umoya wokubuyisasna kwezinhlanga zabamhlophe nabamnyama nokubonwa njengomuntu onegunya eliphezulu maqondana nempatho kanti futhi umuntu owayekhathazeka kakhulu ngamaqiniso empilweni  yakhe yokusebenza umandela yayibanga ukuthi kube nemibono ehluka hlukene ngaye njengesishukumi kanye nosopolitiki le mibono ehlukahlukene yayivela kulabo abasohlangothini lobunxele nabesokudla ngezepolitiki abanye ku anc babemsola bethu uthengise ngomzabalazo selling out ngokuvumelana ngokuthi kube nezingxoxo nohulumeni wobandlululo babekhathazeka ngokuthi inhlonipho yakhe siqu ibiphikisana nemibono eyisisekela sedimokhrasi abeyiphakamisa nokuyiqhubela phambili umbuso wakhe wasolwa ngokuhluleka ukubhekana nobhubhane lwe hiv aids kanye futhi nokuthi angabhekani kakhulu ne model yezomnotho eyayizozuzisa abantu abahluphekile baseningizimu afrika ngesikhathi seminyaka yoma esesejele umbuso wobandlululo nabanye abahambisana nombuso wobandlululo emazweni aphesheya asentshonalanga babembiza ngokuthi uyiphekula zikhuni noma i terrorist ngenxa yokuthatha umzabalazo wezikhali kwezepolitiki ukulwa nombuso wobandlululo uthatcher wabiza i anc njengenhlangano yamaphekula zikhuni ngo ngisho noma kamuva wamemezela kubotha ukuthi akhulule umandela umandela wabuye wagxekwa ngobungani bakhe nabaholi bezepolitiki abafana no castro gaddafi nosuharto  abathathwa njengondlovu kayiphikiswa ama dictators balawo mazwe yilabo ababesola kanye kanti futhi akavumanga ukukhondema ukucikelwa phansi kwamalungelo obuntu kulezi zindawo zalaba baholi ngomhla ka disemba ngosuku lokubuyisana i day of reconciliation kwenziwa i statue sebronzi esingamamitha angu ubude sikamandela e union buildings esavulwa ngumongameli jacob zuma ngo ijohannesburg yanikeza umandela inkululekko yedolobhakazi i freedom of the city kanti indawo ye sandton square shopping centre yathiwa kabusha ngegama lakhe kwathiwa yi nelson mandela square ngemuva kokuba kuxhonyelwe khoha i statue sakhe ngo esinye istatue sikamandela savulwa e drakenstein correctional centre kuqala igama laso okwakuyi victor verster prison eduzane ne cape town sixhonyelwe lapho umandela akhululwa khona ejele ngo umandela wanikezwa indondo yoxolo ye nobel peace prize ngokuhlanganyela kanye node klerk kwathi ngonovemba inkundla yenhlangano yezizwe ezihlangane i united nations general assembly yamemezela usuku lokuzalwa kukamandela usuku lomhla ka julayi njenge mandela day ukubhiyozela indima ayidlala kumzabalazo wokulwa nombuso wobandlululo le nkulndla yamemezela kubo bonke abantu bomhlaba ukunikezela ngamaminithi angu ukwenza imisebenzi yesihe ukwenzela abanye abantu okwakuyisikhumbuzo seminyaka engu umandela ayisebenzela eyingxenye yomzabalazo nentshukumo umandela wanikezwa nendondo yasemelika ye presidential medal of freedom kanye nendondo yase canada ye order of canada kanti futhi waba ngumuntu wokuqala ukwenziwa isakhamuzi sokuhlonishwa se honorary canadian citizen umandela wanikezwa nendondo ye soviet union s lenin peace prize kanye nokuba ngumemukeli wendondo ye al gaddafi international prize for human rights ngo wanikezwa i bharat ratna award evela kuhulumeni wasendiya kanti futhi ngo wamukeliswa i pakistan s nishan e pakistan ngawo lowo nyaka wanikezwa i atatrk peace award enikezwa yona yizwe lase turkey waqala wayenqaba ngoba ekhathazeka ngokucikelwa phansi kwamalungelo obuntu okwakwenziwa yizwe laseturkey ngaleso sikkhathi kodwa kamuva wayemukela le ndondo ngo u queen elizabeth ii wamqoka njenge bailiff grand cross ye order of st john ngemuva kwesincomo esenziwa yikomidi le honours and awards committee kanti futhi wanikezwa nobulunga be order of merit a okwakuyisipho senkosi buqu kuye ibhayografi yokuqala kamandela umbhali wayo kwakungu mary benson kanti yayigxile kuma interview aye wawenza nomandela awenza ngeminyaka yoma s amanye amabhayografi agunyaziwe enziwa ngabangani bakamandela eyokuqala yenziwa ngu fatima meer ngesihloko esithi higher than hope kanti lena yona yayikhuthazwe nguwinnie kanti futhi yona yagxila kakhulu kumndeni kamandela eyesibili yenziwa ngu anthony sampson s mandela yashicilelwa ngo amanye amabhayografi enziwe ngumartin meredith esihloko sithi mandela eyashicilelwa okokuqala ngo kanye neka tom lodge nayo esihloko sithi mandela yona eshicilelwe ngo ukusukela ngeminyaka yoma umfanekiso kamandela waqala ukuvela kwizinto eziningi ezifana nezithombe okupendiwe imidwebo kanye nama statue nama mural izinkinobho ezifakelwa empahleni ama t shirt izinto ezibekwa ngaphandle kwamafriji ukunamathelisa izinto kanye nokunye okuningi lezi zinto zibizwa ngokuthi ama mandela kitsch ngemuva kokushona kwakhe i internet yaqala ukwenza ama memes abonisa imifanekiso kamandeloa kanye nezisho ezikhuthazayo ezicashunwe kwizinkulumo zakhe azenza esaphila abaculi abaningi bacule amaculo okumbongoza nokumdumisa umandela elinye lamaculo ngelisihloko sithi the special aka owarekhoda iculo elithi akakhululwe i free nelson mandela ngo kanti futhi leli culo labuye larekhodwa ngu elvis costello elarekhodwa nguye futhi elabanedumela kakhulu ustevie wonder naye wanikezela ngendondo yakhe ye oscar ka ngeculo elithi i just called to say i love you elenzela umandela kanti umculo wakhe wavalwa eningizimu afrika uvalwa ngabokusakaza abe south african broadcasting corporation umandela uvezwe kumasinema nakumathelevishini ngamahlandla amaningi u danny glover wadlala indima yokulingisa yena ngo hbo kwi telefilm mandela ifilimu ka ethi mandela and de klerk umlingisi omkhulu kuyo kwakungu sidney poitier njengomandela kanti u dennis haysbert udlale indima yakhe kwifilimu ethi goodbye bafana kwathi ngo i bbc yenza i telefilm mrs mandela umlingisi kamandela kuyo kwakungu david harewood kanti u morgan freeman walingisa indima yakhe kwifilimu ethi invictus u terrence howard ulingise indima yakhe kwifilimu yango ethi winnie mandela omunye olingise indima yakhe ngu idris elba kwifilimu yango ethi mandela long walk to freedom isifunda samawayini ibreedekloof siyinxenye yezifundazwe ezintathu ezihlanganisa isifundakazi samawayini ibreede river valley iziqhayisa ngabadidiyeli bewayini abangu bangu abadidiyeli bezohwebo kanti bangu abadidiyela ngasese ibreedekloof ibalelwa ku hektha yesivini somhlaba wamawayini aseningizimu afrika iningi labatshali bendabuko litholakala ebreedekloof singabala ichenin blanc engelinye lamawayini atshalwe kakhulu kulendawo isifunda samawayini ibreedekloof itholakala phakathi kwe worcester nepaarl ingaphansi komasipala we breede river valley lomasipala uhlanganisa i rawsonville slanghoek goudini kanye nendawo yase breerivier intshonalanga kanye nase ningizimu tshonalanga yemingcele yebreedekloof neyeslanghoek neyedu toitskloof mountains kanye nenyakatho mpumalanga zimbozwe intaba enkulu ihex river mountains source wosa october ibreedekloof ibonakala ngobuhle bayo obukhulu obuhlanganiswa isimo sezulu nesendawo etholakala kuyo lokhu okuyenza iqhakambise izitshalo ezinhle nezikhula kahle lendawo iphethwa izintabakazi kanti futhi iphakathi kolwandle iatlantic ocean ne klein karoo ibreedekloof inezinhlobonhlobo zomuhlabathi singabala umhlabathi omnyama osindayo kanye nesihlabathi solwandle esitholakala onqenqemeni lwemifula emidala lomhlabathi oyingqayizivele kanye nesimo sezulu esihle lendawo ithandwe kakhulu ngokwenza umkhiqizo wewayini imvula yonyaka yesevalley ebusika ibalelwa mm lokhu kwenza lendawo ibeyenye yezindawo ezinetha kakhulu eningizimu afrika imisebenzi yezolimo iyona esiza lendawo yasebreedekloof kahkulu ngesimo somnotho lendawo idume kakhulu ngokukhiqiza amawayini kodwa futhi ziyatholakala ezinye izithelo ezifana namapentshisi amaplums amapheya kanye nezinye izithelo ezehlukene ezokuvakasha nokwenziwa kwemicimbi yokushadisa kanye nokunika izivakashi indawo yokulala yeminye yemikhakha ebalulekile esimeni somnotho wakulendawo umazila wewayini ibreedekloof ingumzila omncane kanayo yonke la eningizimu afrika lomzila wasungulwa ngonyaka ka yayinabadidiyelie bewayini abangu lomzila ugijima kusukela egouda kuya emontagu empumalanga kuya entshonalanga uphinde usuke emcgregor kuya etankwa karoo national park enyakatho kuya eningizimu lomzila uhlanganisa iroute kuthiwa lomzila iwona omude kanayo yonke izwe lonkana abadidiyeli bewayini ebreedekloof isoetes sop umkhosi omkhulu wonyaka wamawayini obanjela ebreedelkoof ngabo july lomkhosi uhlelwa abakhiqizi bewayini nehhovisi lezokuvasha elise rawsonville bonke abadidiyeli bewayini ababamba iqhaza kulomncimbi ngonyaka ka bavulela izivakashi izintolo zabo lomcimbi wendlalekile kuvunyelwa abavakashi ukuthi bathenge amathikithi wezingilazi zokuphuza iwayini kanye nezinkomishi zesobho lezingilazi nezinkomishi zisiza abavakashi ngokunambitha iwayini kanye nesobho uma behambela abadidiyeli abehlukene ngosuku lomcimbi abavakashi bathola ithuba lokuzwa amawayini asezuze izicoco nemiklomelo yesoetes lamawayini aziwa ngokuthi amadesserts wines kungabalwa ihanepoot imuscadel inoble late harvest ired jerepigo kanye neport abadidiyeli abaningi badayisa lamawayini kuhlangene nesobho muhammad arabic c ce ce juni kuyinto umsunguli we islam ubizwa ngokuthi umprofethi ongcwele for muslims yena lo mprofethi last eyayithunywe unkulunkulu ukubuyisela islam muhammad wazalwa cishe ce emzini ka arabia mecca igama likayise abdullah igama likamama amina ubaba muhammad washona ezinyangeni ngaphambi kokuba azalwe ngesikhathi ngineminyaka eyisithupha ubudala muhammad walahlekelwa unina amina waba uyintandane phakathi neminyaka emibili eyalandela waze waba neminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubudala muhammad kwaba ngaphansi sivikelwe kakhokho wakhe abdul muttalib at teenages muhammad ephelezelwa umalume wakhe syria ukuhweba uhambo ngenxa yobuntu bakhe okuhle wathola isidlaliso al amin okusho ethembekile enokwethenjelwa futhi al sadiq okusho ukuthi truthful lapho muhammad eneminyaka engu ubudala wayesanda bachitha amahora amaningi bezama uzama umthandazo muhammad ukucabangela bokuvukela komphakathi ukungabi nabulungisa ukubandlulula okwandile ngokumelene nabo phakathi kwezizwe zakwa in hira emhumeni ingelosi jibril bavele ngaphambi muhammad jibril wathi funda kodwa muhammad waphendula angikwazi ukufunda ingelosi wambamba wamgona muhammad ivesi lokuqala qur anic lithi lena ngesambulo sokuqala usuku lwamasiko yiholide lomphakathi lase ningizimu afrika eligujwa minyaka yonke ngomhlaka umandulo minyaka yonke ngalolu suku bonke abntu base ningizimu afrika bagubha amasiko abo wonkana lolu suku lubalulekile ngoba yilapho bonke abantu baseningizimu afrika betshengisa ukuzigqaja kanye nokuziqhenya ngamasiko abo anhlobonhlobo ngaphambi kwenkululeko eningizimu afrika leli holide labe ligujwa enatali labe laziwa njenge shaka day lapho kwabe kubungazwa khona inkosi yakwazulu ushaka kasenzangakhona owaba negalelo elikhulu ekubunjweni kwesizwe sakwa amazulu ngokuhlanganisa izizwe zakazulu ezabe zihlukene unyaka nonyaka ngaleli holide abantu bahlangana ethuneni lenkosi ushaka ukutshengisa inhlonipho kuye ngalolu suku lolu suku lafakwa ohlwini lwamaholide omphakathi ase ningizimu africa ngonyaka we lapho labe selibiza ngosuku lwamasiko leli holide libalulekile ekwakhene iziswe esibumbumbe ngoba yilapho ababtu base ningizimu afrika bekwazi ukubona izinhlobonhlobo zamasiko abantu base nongizimu afrika leli holide libuye libizwe nge braaiheritage lapho izihlobo imindeni kanye nabangani behlangana ukuzokosa inyama ngalolu suku udokotela benedict wallet vilakazi ngomasingana ngomfumfu wabe engumbhali ovelele wenzincwadi izinkondlo izichazimazwi kanye namanoveli olimi lwesizulu ngonyaka we waba nguwokuqala webala elinzundu eningizimu afrika ukwethweswa iziqu zobudokotela ph d kepha nakuba iningi limazi ngemisebenzi yakhe elotshiweyo bambalwa abazi ngempilo yalo leli qhawe mhla ziyi umasingangana umshini wakwavilakazi nowakwakhe uleah umahlongwange bathola indododana eyabe ungumntwana wabo wesithupha kwabayisikhombisa bayetha ngelikabhambatha ngenxa yesigigaba sempi kabhambatha kazondi eyaliwa ngawo lonyaka ubhambatha kamshini wazalelwa endaweni yase groutville mission station eduzane nakwadukuza kwelasenatali uvilakazi waqala isikole ngonyaka we khona endaweni yasegroutville wafunda lapha waze waqeda ibanga lesi kwathi lapho eseneminyaka eyi waphikelela e st francis college okuyisikole sameroma akhatholika esisendaweni yase mariannhill lapha waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe waze waqeda ibanga lesi kuso lesi sikole samakhatholika wangena enkonzweni yamakhatholika maqede wabhabhathiswa ngengama likabenedict nelika wallet umama wakhe wagcizelela ukuba isibongo sakhe vilakazi singashintshwa emva kokuphothula ibanga lesi wafundela izifundo zobuthithishela kulo lele kolishi lase mariannhill waziphothula ngonyaka we emva kokuphothula izifundo zakhe est francis college waqala ukufundisa khona emariannhill nase xobho emngungundlovu nasohlange uj c nomathikuletsheni wakuphasa esefunda ngasese futhi eqhubeka efundisa ngonyaka we okavilakazi wazuza iziqu ze b a enyuvesi yaseningizimu afrika lapho aphumelea ngamalengiso kuso isizulu ngonyaka we enyuvesi yasewitswatersrabd ukuba ayofundisa isizulu emnyangweni webantu studies esebenza nosolwazi wezilimi uc m doke uvilikazi waba ngowokuqal kwanasundu eningizimu afrika ukuba afundise kulenyuvesi okwabe kungeyabamhophe bodwa ngonyaka we uvilakazi wahlabana neziqu ze b a honors nazo ayezifundela ngasese ngonyaka we uvilakazi waphinde wahlabana neminye imiyezane okwaba yiziqu zem a kuthe ngonyaka we waphinde wahlabana nezinye iziqu kulesi sikhathi kwase kungezobudokotela okamphephethwa uthi uzuza zonke iziqu zakhe wabe ebhala namabhuku ngonyaka we wakhipha inoveli yakhe yokuqala enesihloko esithi noma nini eyalanywa ngethiudingiswayo kajobe ngonyaka we yalandelwa yiqoqo lezinkondlo elinesihloko inkondlo kazulu elaba yingqalabutho ezincwadini zezinkondlo zesizulu ngonyaka we waphinde wakhipha inye incwadi eyabe ineshloko esithi nje ngempela ngonyaka we waphinde wakhipha enye inzwadi yezinkondlo elabe linesihloko esithi amal ezulu phakathi kwezinkondlo ezikulencwadi uvilakazi ubalisa ngekahlhulu ngokufa kukayise umfowabo kanye nomkakhe wokuqala belandelana ngonyaka we emva kokuphothula izifundo zakhe zobudokotela uvilakazi wahlatshwa wukugula okwamxina isikhashana okwathi mhla ziyi umfufmfu wadlula emhlabeni eneminyaka engama ubudala ecoronation hospital okaphakthwayo wafilhlwa emathuneni asemariannhill washiya emhlabeni abantwana abayi umgwaqo osendwaweni yasesoweto owaziwa ngovilakazi street waqanjwa ngaye okamphephethwa ngoba kuhlonishwa igalelelo analo kuyo umisebenzi yesizulu kanye nesixhosa kuwo lomgwaqo kulapho izingqalabutho zomzabalabalaozo unelson mandela kanye nodesmond tutu zombili ezake zahlala khona ngaphambilini solomon thekisho plaatje ngomfumfu ngonhlangulana wabe eyintatheli usozilimi usombusazwe umhumushi kanye nombhali uplaatje wabe engumunye wamalungu abumba iqembu le south african native national congress sannc ngonyaka we emva kokubunjwa kwe sannc waqokwa ukuba ngunobhala jikelele wokuqala kulo leli qembu elagcina selaziwa njenge african national congress anc ngonyaka we okaplaatje wazalelwa endaweni yasedoornfontein ngase boshof eorange free state eyindodana yesi kamadodana ayi igama likamkhulu wakhe kwabe kungu selogilwe mogodi kodwa umqashi wakhe wabe emteketisa ngelika plaatje emva kwalokho umndeni leli gama njengesibongo sawo abazali bahke okwakungu johannes and martha babengamlungu esizwe saba barolong abakhuluma isitswana futhi bengamakrestu besebenzela izithunywa zenkolo kwamamishini eningizimu afrika ngesikhathi oseneminyaka e abazali bakhe bathuthela kwimishini yamaluthela yase pniel maduzane nekhimbali beyosebenzela isthunywa senkolo uernst westphal kanye nowakwakhe uwilhelmine kuyo lendawo okaplaatje wathola ithuba lemfundo eqondile efundiswa yilo ibandla lamaluthela khona emabangeni aphansi wakhombisa ukukhalipha kobuchopho bakhe yilapho unkk westphal wamthatha wamfundisa ngasese ngokuthethe xaxa unkk westphal wamfundisa ukudlala ipiyano kanye ne vayolini waphinde wamfundisa nokucula ngonyaka we eseneminyaka engama wathola ithuba lokuthi afundise lesi sikhundla wasibamba iminyaka emibili ngesithathi efundisa wabe engayekile naye ukufunda wayeqhubeka ngoxhaso layo imsihini ngonyaka we waya ekhimbali okulapho athola khona ithuba lomsebenzi eposini njengomthumeli we telegraph wabe eqhubeka nezifundo zakhe ngasese okulapho agqama khona ngokubashaya bonke emakhanda kwizivinvinyo zabasebenzi bomphakathi zesibhunu ngesikhathi eba neimyaka engama ngonyaka we wathola ilungelo lokuba akwazi ukuvota ngebhadi walahlekelwa yilo leli lungelo ngenkathi amangisi ephelelwa ngumbuso ngaphambildlana kokuliwa kwempi yamabhunu nangesikhathi semvimbezelo emafikeng ngeminyaka yama wajutshwa ukuba aye emafikeng ukuba ayoba ngumhumushi enkantolo kuso leso sikhathi futhi wayenesikhundla sokuba ngunobhala emnyangweni wezomdabu emafikeng uplaajie wabe azi izilimi eziyi okubalwa kuzo isingisi isibhunu isijalimane isitswana isixhosa kanye nezinye izilimi zama afrika i intanethi uhlelo oluqukethwe amkhompyutha ayizigidi ahlangene ndawonye kuhleloxhumano olunzulu kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba olusebenzisa i internet protocol suite tcp ip uma uxhumeke kuyo i intanethi nomshini osuke uwusebenzisa okungaba yikhompyutha noma umakhalekhukhwini nawo ungena kulo lolu xhaxha lohleloxhumano lolu hleloxhumano lohleloxhumano luqukethe olungasese olomphakathi olwamabhizinisi kanye nolwahulumeni uhleloxhumano olusezweni noma emhlabeni oluxhumene ngobuchwepheshe obuno gesi obungenazo izintambo kanye nobama fibre optics i inthanethi iqukethe ulwazi oluningi okubalwa amakhasi amakhulu ahlangene kanye namahlelokusebenza esisizindalwazi sokuxhumana somhlaba jikelele www umbikombani ucingo lokuxhumana kanye nokwabelana ngamafayela i intanethi ibalulekile esikhathini samanje ngoba ulwazi olungini luqukethwe kuyo i intanethi abantu akusadingakali ukuthi baye kobheka ulwazi emtapweni wolwazi noma bathenge amaphephandaba ukuze bathole ulwazi sekulula manje umuntu ungena kwi intanethi athole lokhu akufunayo noma ikuphi esebenzisa ikhompyutha noma umakhalekhukhwini i intanetheni futhi yenza ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu emhlabeni jikelele kube lula futhi kungambi eqolo usukwazi ukuxhumana nomuntu okwelinye izwe nixoxe indaba yenu niyiqede nibukana lobu ubuchwephese be video calling okubalulekile nge intanethi ukuthi iyakwazi ukuthatha umhlaba wonke iwusondeze iwubeke esibukweni sekhompiyutha noma umakhalekhukhwini nge intanethi abantu bayakwazi ukuxhumana nebhange izitolo imitapo yolwazi izihlobo nabangani ngingabala ngithini ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe be intanethi sekuholele ekutheni kwenziwe imali esebenza khona kwi intanethi kuphela ukuthenga konke okudingayo lemali esebanza kwi intanethi kuphela ibizwa ngokuthi ama crypto currencies edume kakulu yaziwa ngokuthi yi bitcoin eyasungulwa ngonyaka wezi ngumlisa ozibiza ngosatoshi nakamoto i intanethi yenza ukuxhumana kwabantu kube lula kanti ukuxhumana nako kunobungozi babo abantu bavame ukuthumela imininingwano yangasese abanye abantu bayakwazi ukuyeba leyomininingwano bangasebenzisa i intanethi ukubhebhethekisa amanga noma izimfihlo ezebiwe noma izeluleko ezinobungozi ngokomzekelo lengosi eyaziwa ngo facebook isike yaba nezinkinga ngokuvikela imininingwano yabantu yangasese usuku lwabesifazane yiholide lomphakathi laseningizimu afrika eligujwa minyaka yonke mhla ziyisi uncwaba minyaka yonke ngalolu suku izwe lonke lisuke libungaza ubuqhawe abathathwa ngabesifazane abayi bemashela eunion buildings epitoli behambisa izikhalo zabo mayelana nomthetho wamapasi lomthetho wawudinga ukuba ama afrika njengoba babe baziwa ngabamnyama ngaphansi komthetho wobadlululo owabe waziwa nge population registration act ukuba bapathe amapasi okuhamba ayaiziwa njengama pasi ayelawula ukuba khona kwama afrika emadolobheni ukugcina uqhekeko kanye nokulawula abasenzi bangaphandle ngesikhathi sobandlululo lolu suku lwaqala ukugujwa ngonyaka we mhla ziyisi uncwaba lwafakwa kumthetho wamaholide omphakathi wama wangonyaka wama ngalolulu suku abesifazane bemashela khona eunion buildings babebiza isiqubulo esithi strijdom wathint abafazi wathint imbokodo ngosuku lwabesifazane kubhekwa izimo abantu besifazane baseningizimu afrika abasabhekene nazo okubalwa ukuhlukunyezwa emakhaya ukuhlunyezwa ngokucansi emsebenzini amaholo angalingani imfundo yamantombazane ayo yonke iminyaka lolu suku kuba yithuba lapho kubehkwa khona futhi kuphinde kuphoswe inselelo kulezi zinkinga abantu besifazane abasahlangabezana nazo kulolu suku kubuye kubhekwe ibanga eselihanjiwe ekuthuthukiseni abantu besefazane kusukela ngonyaka we ngaphambi konyaka we abesifazane ephalamende babe manje bangama ezikhundleni eziphezulu kuhulumeni usuku lwamalungelo esintu eng freedom day yiholide lomphakathi elisemthethweni lase ningizimu afrika eligujwa mhla zingama undasa minyaka yonke ngalolu suku kusuke kubungazwa amagxathu asethathwe izwe lase ningizimu afrika ekuthuthekiseni nasekuvikeleni amalungelo esintu kusukela lel langabadi lathola inkululeko ngalolu suku kubuye kukhunjulwe bonke abaqothwa esharpvile ngamaphoyisa obandlululo bemasha ngoxolo mhla zingama undasa wezi sharpville massacre leli holide laba semthethweni ngonyaka we lagujwa okokuqala mhla ziyi undasa we minyaka yonke leli holide lugujwa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene eningizimu afrika lapho umongameli wezwe ethula inkulumo eyibhekise esizweni sonke emayelana nokubaluleka kwalolusuku ngonyaka we iqembu lezombusazwe i national party yanikwa amandla okuphatha iningizimu afrika leli qembu lafika nemithetho eyenzelwe ukuhlukanisa kanye nokucindezela ngokobuhlanga lokhu okwaninka uhulumeni wangaleso sikhathi amandla okwenza imithetho elawula ukuhamba kwabantu abansundu ama afrika ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni inguqulo yomthetho wezasekhaya ngonyaka we native laws amendment act of wawugunyaza ukuthi ama afrika ukuthi awavunyelwe ukuthi ashiye izndawo zasemaphandleni ngaphandle kwemvume esuka kwabezomthetho bendawo wabe uqhubeka uthi uma efika endaweni yasedolobheni kumele athole enye imvume emahoreni angama ukubheka umsebenzi lencwadi yabe yaziwa ngepasi labe linalemininingwane labe liba nesithombe indawo lapho umuntu esuka khona ukukhokhwa kwentela ukuhlangana namaphoyisa kanye neminingwane ngomsebenzi mhla zingama undasa we inhlangano i pan africanist congress pac wahlongoza umkhankaso wokuba kulowe nemithetho yamapasi ngalolu suku ama afrika aqoqana esharpville engawaphethe amapasi azinikela empahoyiseni ukuba aboshwe amaphoyisa akhipha umyalelo wokuba bahlakazeke emva kwalokho avulela ngenhlamvu kuso leso sixuku samadoda abasefizana kanye nezingane abantu amaphoyisa adubula abulala abantu ababengahlomile abangama balimaza abangama abaningi babo bdutshulwa bebaaleka ukulandela lokhu kuqothwa kwabantu esharpville uhulumeni we national party wavala zonke izinhlangano zombusazwe ezabe zilwa nengcindezelo yize zavalwa kodwa umzabalazao zawuqhuba umshosha phansi zilwa nalohulumeni lolu suku lwaziwa nge sharpville massacre emhlabeni wonke lwaveza ngokusobala ukuthi uhulumeni wobandlululo wabe ewahlukumeza kanjani amalungelo esintu eningizimu afrika leli holide lagujwa okukuqala ngonyaka we ukukhumbula labo abalahlekelwa yizimiplo zabo belwa nohulumeni wobandlululo belwela ukuthi wonke umuntu waseningizimu afrika abe namalungelo ngokulingene umthetho sisekelo waseningizimu afrika uqala uveze umthetho omkhulu wamalungelo bill of rights lapho kulothshwe khona wonke amalungelo abo bonke abantu bakuleli langabadi umthetho sisekelo iwona osesiqhingini esiphezulu emthethweni ezweni iwona obekelwe ukuvikela wonke amalungelo esintu ayekade enganikezelwe eningingini ngesikhathi sobandlululo lolu suku lugujwa ukuveza ukuzibiphezela kumthetho omkhulu wamalungelo eng bill of rights njengoba uyinxenye yomthetho sisekelo yase ningizimu afrika ngalolu suku nomangenyanga yonka kandasa kuske kuqhakambiswa ukubaluleka kokuvikelwa kwamalungelo kubo bonke abantu abahlala eningizimu afrika ngemiyalelo kamongameli wezwe izwe liba nemigido eminingi ngenyanga kandasa lapho kususke kukhunjuzwa isizwe ukuthi sisebenzisane ndawonye ekuvikeleni nasekuqhakambiseni amalungelo esintu wonke umuntu wakulelizwe unesipbophezelo sokuba imtithetho yalelilizwe igcinwe sonke sinesibophezelo sokuba amalungelo esintu kanye nomlando kugcinwe sikugcinele isizukulwane esizayo lokhu kwenzelwa ikusasa lezwe lethu nakuba sisemsbenzini ezikoleni sinesibathandayo kanye nezingane kumele siveze ukuzibophezela eukvilekeleni amulungelo esintu kanye nomlando wesizwe ukuze lelizwe liqhubekela phambili usuku lwabasebenzi isingisi workers day yiholide lomphakathi lesizwe laseningizimu afrika kusukela ngonyaka we ligujwa mhla zi unhlaba minyaka yonke leli holide ligujwa emazweni angama lapho libizwa khona nge international workers day kwezinye izindawo laziwa nge may day ngalolu suku kususuke kugujwa iqhaza elibanjwa ngabasebenzi ezweni lilonkana lugqugquzelwa izinhlangano zabasebenzi ngalolu suku kusuke kukhunjulwa abasebenzi abalahlekelwa izimpilo zabo esehlakalweni esaziwa ngehaymarket affair ngonyaka we lapho babebhikishela ukuthi kwehliswe amahora okusebenza abe yi eningizimu afrika kusuke kukhunjulwa uqhaza elibanjwa abasebenzi ezweni laseningizimu afrika okuyibo abadlala indima enkulu ekuqhubeni umnotho walelizwe umlando waleli holide ubhekiwas umuva kwi haymarket affair eyenzeka endaweni yasechicago ezweni lasemelika lapho amaphoyisa ayezama ukuhlukanisa iqulu labhikishi ngonyaka we abasebenzi babebhikishele ukuthi kwehliswe amahora okusebenza osukwini abe yi lombhikisho wabe ungenelo udlame kodwa kwaba khona umhlaseli ongaziwa owaphosa ibhomu emaphoyiseni amaphoyisa aphendula ngokudubula ababhikishi bengahlomile ngezinhlamvu eziphilayo lesi sehlakalo saholela ekutheni kufe abasebenzi abayi kwalimala amaphoyisa angama kanye nesibalo esingaziwa sabalimala nabafa sabebebukela yize lesi sibhicongo senzeka ngonyaka we kodwa kodwa usuku le nhlaba laqala ukubizwa ngeholide ngonyaka we emva kwemibhikisho eminingi eyabanjwa emazweni ahlukhlukene yizinhlangano ezinigi zabasebenzi ezahlukahlukene eningizimu afrika kusuuke kugujwa iqhaza elabanjwa izinhlangano zabasebenzi kanye nezinyunyana ekulweni nohulumeni wobandlululo ngeminyaka yama ngonyaka we kwaba khona imibhikosho emikhulu eningizimu afrika yenziwa ngabasebenzi basezimayini kodwa yabe ithola ingcindezi enkulu kuhulumeni ushintso lwaba khona ngonyaka we lapho kwaba khona imobhikisho eminingi ethekwini eyaholela emzabalazweni eyaholela ekuvumbukeni kwezinhlangano ezimele abasebenzi lokhu kwaholela ekubunjweni kwenhlangano yabasebenzi basezimayini eyqanajwa mgokuthi i national union of mineworkers ngonyaka we lenhlanagano yabe inobudlelwano obukhulu neqembu le icongress of south african trade unions cosatu yona eyabunjwa ngonyaka we nayo eyabe inobuhlobo obukhu neqembu le united democratic front udf lamaqembu ayehlangen engenhloso yokuyoqeda ubandlululo ngonyaka we emva kokhetho lokuwqala lwentando yeningi usuku loku unhlaba labekwa njengeholide elaziwa njengosuku lwabasebenzi ngalolu suku inhlangano enkulu emele abasebenzi icongress of south african trade unions cosatu ibamba amamshi kuzo zonke izifundazwe zaseningizimu afrika ukugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuba khona kwemithetho evikela abasebezi imashi enkulu ibanjwa ethekwini ecurries fountain staa dium okuyilapho imibhikisho emikhulu ngonyaka we yahlanganaisa khona izinkumbi zabasebenzi kulombhikisho kwahlanaga abasebenzi abalinganiselwa kwabayizi beshamela amholo angcono kulamamashi asuke ebanjwe ngalolu suku abasebenzi basuke bemashela inhlalakahle kanye nezimo ezisemgangathweni zokusukebenzela ngosuku lwabasebenzi umongameli wezwe wethula inkulumo lapho kusuke kubanjwe khona imashi enkulu ngokuhlelwa yi cosatuuhulumeni ngokubona ukubaluleka kwalosuku wenze imithetho eminingi ezama ukuvikela amalungelo abasebenzi emsebenzini ukuze bangaxhashazwa ngabaqashi lemithetho futhi yenzelwa ukuba ubudlelwano phakathi kwabaqashi kanye nabasebenzi buhlezi buqinile isigaba sama somthethosisekelo waseningizimu afrika sisqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu unelungelo lokukhetha umsebenzi umsebenzi othandwa nguye futhi umqashi nabasebenzi banelungeno lokwe noma imuphi umsebenzi ngokwemibandela abavumelana ngayo imithetho eyenziwe nguhululmeni waseningizimu afrika ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amalungelo absebenzi avikelekile singabala le usuku lwabasebenzi libuye lisetshenziswe njengendawo lapho lapho kuveza izinkinga ezibheke nezwe laseningizimu afrika okubalwa kuzo ukuntuleka kwamathuba emisabenzi ukungelingani ngokomnotho kanye nezinkinga zokucwasana ngokobhlanga nozo zonke izindlela zokubandlululana intaba ithidi yigquma eladalwa wukuqhuma kwe volcano elise theneri yona eseziqhingini zasekhaneli ezingaphansi kwezwe lase speyni isicongo sayo silinganiselwa ku m nokuyenza ibe yilona gquma eliphakeme kunawowonke espeyni iphinde futhi ibe yisicongco esiphakeme kunazozonke uma ikalwa kusukela phansi olwandle uma ikalwa kusukela phansi olwandle ilinganiselwa ku m lokho kuyenza ibe yi volcano ephakeme kunawowonke ama volcano angaphandle kweziqhingi zase hawayi u nasa no unesco bathi ngokokuphakama iyigquma lesithathu emagqumeni adalwa yi volcano emhlabeni ukuphakama kwethidi kwenza itheneri ibe yigquma leshumi ngokokuphaka emhlabeni i thidi iyi volcano engakapholi nesangaqhuma noma yinini yagcina ukuqhuma ngo ngenxa yomlando wayo wokuqhuna okudala izinhlekelele nangokusondela kakhulu kwayo emadolobheni amakhulu ikomidi lenhlangano yezizwe elibhekele izinhlekelele seliyibale njengenye yama volcano abizwa ngokuthi phecelezi decade volcano isondelene namadokobha afana no garachico icod de los vinos kanye ne puerto de la cruz le volcano isondelene nesiqiwi i thidi national park nesakhethwa yi unesco njengelinye lamagugu omhlaba mhlaka june ithidi yaphuma phambili njengesinye sezimanga zemvelo esivakashelwa kakhulu espeyni kanye nase yurophu jikelele ngenxa yezivakashi ezevile ezigidini ezine ngo yaba eyesishiyagalolunye ezindaweni eziyizimanga zemvelo ezivakashelwa kakhulu emhlabeni nokwaba yingqophamlando kweminye yemiqansa yaleligquma kutholakala indawo lapho okubukelwa khona izinkanyezi phecelezi teide observatory nokungenye yezindawo zokubukela izinkanyezi ezinkulu emhlabeni ukuvukela kwentsha kwama unhlangulana we youth uprising of june imibhikisho elandalanayo eyaqala elokishini lasesoweto yabe isibhebhetheka ezweni lonke lokhu kwaletha ushinto olikhulu kwezombusazwe ezweni laseningizimu afrika zonke izigigaba ezenzeka ngalesi sikhathi zibhekiswa emuva kunyaka we lapho uhulumeni wobandlululo wabeka khona umthetho wemfundo yabantu bantu education act lomthetho wabe uhlukanisa imfundo ngokobuhlanga futhi wabe uphoqa ukuba kusetshenziswe ulimi lweisibhunu kanye nolwesingisi kuphela njengezilimi zokufundisa ezikoleni ngonyaka we banamanga ukungena kweqembu le national party embusweni kwafika nezinguquko eziningi njengokushintsha imithetho yezemfundo ngonyaka we uhulumeni wajuba ukuba kwenziwe ikhomishana le eiselen lapho kwakumele khona kubhekwe khona ukuphakwa kemfundo aybantu nukuthi ishintshew ngendlela ephakwa ngayo lekhomishana yayaholela ukusungulweni womthetho wemfundo yebantu bantu education act ngonyaka we lomthetho wenza kwaba yimpoqqo ukuba zonke izikole ezabe ziphethwe ngamasonto ezabe zithola uxhaso kuhulumeni ukuba zibhaliswe ngaphansi kukahulumeni ngalokhu uhulumeni wabe ufuna ukususa ukuphathwa kwezemfundo yama afrika ezandleni zamasonto knaye nezifundazwe umnyango wemfundo yabantu wabe ubhekele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imfundo yam afrika ihlukene futhi ibe sezingeni eliphansi lomthetho futhi wahlukanisa ukukhokhelwa kwemfundo yama afrika umbuso wabe usebenzisa imali encane ezikoleni zabafundi bama afrika uma kuqhathaniswa nabafundi abamhlophe ukwehla kwemali eyabe ifakwa ezikoleni zama afrika kwaholela ukutheni izikole ziminyane futhi zabe zinothisha abangenele futhi bengenazo iziqu eziphelele zokufundisa imfundo yama afrika yabe iwaqeqeshela ukuba benze imisebenzi yezandla njengokusbenza emaplazini emakhishini neminye eminingi lokhu kufakazelwa amazwi kah f verwoerd lapho athi khona ayikho indawo yom afrika emphakathini wamayurophu ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo zemisebenzi akusizi ukuba athole uqeqesho oluzomdonsela emphakathini wamayurophu there is no place for the african in the european community above the level of certain forms of labour it is of no avail for him to receive a training which has as its aim absorption in the european community ngonyaka we othisha kanye nabafundi bazama ukubhikishela umthetho wemfundo yabantu babumba inhlanganao eyabe yaziwa njenge the african education movement ukuqhutshekiswa komthetho wemfundo yasenyuvesi wama wavala nya ukuba ama afrika aye emanyuvesi abamhlophe inyuvesi yasekapa kanye nasyaseewitwatersrand lomthetho wabe uhlukanisa amanyuvesi ngokobuhlanga kanye ngezizwe zama afrika okwaholela ekutheni kubunjwe amanyuvesi angamahlathi bush universities kulezi zinyuvesi kubalwa eyaseinyuvesi yasefort hare eyasevenda eyasentshonalanga kapa lamanyuvesi abe ehlukene ngokobuzwe nalapha kwaba khona imibhikisho umthetho wezemfundo wabantu bamakhaladi we coloured person s education act of kanye nomthetho wemfundo yamandiya we indian education act of yabekwa ukulawula imfundo yamakhaladi kanye namandiya ngokulandelana futhi ukuyihlukanisa kweyabamhlophe umthetho wezemfundo wabantu bamakhaladi wanika igunya lokuphathwa kwemfundo yamakhaladi engaphansi kumnyango wezindaba zamakhaladi uphoqa ukuba izikole zakhaladi zibhaliswe ngaphansi kwahulumeni umthetho mfundo yamandiya wanika igunya lokuphathwa kwemfundo yamandiya kumnyango wezindaba zamandiya okwenza imfundo yamandiya ukuba ibe yimpoqo ngonyaka we umphathi webantu education uj g erasmus wakhipha umyalelo owabe uthi kusukela zi umasingana we zonke izifundo zabe zozfundwa ngolimi lwesibhunu lapha kubalwa lezi zifundo izibalo ezokubala kanye nezifundo ngabantu kusukela ebangeni lesikhombisa isizathu sokuphoqa ukuba kusetshenziswe ulimi lwesibhunu yingoba ukusetshenzisa kwalo lolu limi kwabe kuphansi kakhulu nguma afrika ama afrika amaningi kanye nenhlangano yo thisha eyaziwa nge african teachers association of south africa babengambisani nalokhu ngoba isibhunu sabe saziwa njegolimi lomcindezeli language of the oppressor njengoba kwabeka umbhishobi udesmond tutu mhla zingama umbasa abafundi baseorlando west junior school bangenelela isiteleka esagcina siqhubekele kwzinye izikole lapha abafundi babenhikishela ukuba bathole impatho efanayo nokuthi bafundiswe ngenndlela efanayo nezikole zabamhlophe umfundi wasesikoleni i morris isaacson high school ogama lakhe ngu teboho tsietsi mashinini waphakamisa ukuthi kube khona umhlangano mhla zi ukuzokhuluma ukuthi kumele kwenziwe njani ukuze bazwakale abafundi babumba ikomidi elaziwa nje soweto students representative council elahlanginisa umbuthano wama nhlangulana ngehora le esoweto ngosuku le nhlangulana umbuthano owabe uhlelwe yisoweto students representative council uyabe iholwa ngu teboho tsietsi mashinini wenzeka ngalolu suku wabe uhlanganisa abafundi abalelwa phakathi kwe kuya kwi abanye babo labafundi bebengenalo ulwazi ngaphambilini ngalombuthano le mashi ayabe ithola ukwesekwa yinhlangano ye black consciousness movement njengoba yabe ihlelelwe ukuba ibe yimashi enokuthula noxolo yingakho yaphinda yesekwa ngothisha kanye nothishanhloko ezikoleni esoweto abafundi bokuqala ukuhlangana abasenaledi high school balandelwa abasemorris isaacson high school bathuka sebevinjwe ngamaphoyisa umholi wabo wabaluleka ukuba bangawasukeli amaphoyisa baqhubeka nemashi ngenye indlela eyabaholela eorlando high school abafundi kulesi lesi sikhathi babephethe azingqwembe ezabe zibhlawe ukuthi pansi ngesibhunu down with afrikaans viva azania uma kumele senze isibhunu uvoster kumele enze isizulu if we must do afrikaans vorster must do zulu lemashi yabe ingenalo udlame abafundi babeneme futhi nemimoya iphezulu shanghai amadolobha ishayina elikhulu ishanghai ingomunye womasipala abane abaphethwe ngqo bepeople s republic of china ingaphansi kokuphathwa okuqondile komkhandlu wombuso wasechina idolobha lisogwini oluseningizimu yeyangtze nomfula ihuangpu ugeleza ngalo ngabantu abayizigidi ezingama kusukela ngo iyindawo enabantu abaningi kakhulu emadolobheni asechina futhi idolobha lesibili elinabantu abaningi emhlabeni ishanghai iyisikhungo somhlaba wonke sezezimali ucwaningo ezobuchwepheshe ezokukhiqiza nezokuthutha kanti iport of shanghai iyichweba lamabhasi elixakeke kakhulu emhlabeni ishanghai ichazwe njenge mbukiso womnotho odlondlobele wasechina iqukethe izitayela eziningi zokwakha ezifana ne art deco ne shikumen idolobha laziwa kakhulu nge lujiazui skyline iminyuziyamu kanye nezakhiwo zomlando kufaka phakathi i city god temple i yu garden i china pavilion kanye nezakhiwo ezise bund ishanghai yaziwa futhi ngokudla kwayo okunoshukela ulimi oluhlukile kanye nobukhazikhazi bamazwe omhlaba obunamandla njalo ngonyaka idolobha liba nemicimbi eminingi yezwe neyamazwe omhlaba kufaka phakathi ishanghai fashion week ichinese grand prix nechinajoy ngo ishanghai isingathe umbukiso wokuqala we china international import expo ciie okuwumbukiso wokuqala wezwe lonke wokungenisa urobinson malinga kulwezi kuzibandlela owayaziwa kakhulu ngegama lika robbie wabe engumculi umbhali wamaculo kanye nomdidiyeli womculo waseningizimu afrika okamalinga waba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni amakhono omculo kwiningi labaculi baseningizimu afrika okubalwa kubo ukabelo arthur mafokate umzekezeke kanye nabanye abaningi isasasa lake elikhulu belisemculweni wohlobo lwe afro pop lapho asebenzisana kakhulu nokelly khumalo urobbie malinga wazalelwa elokishini lasemeadowlands esoweto uthando lomculo laqala esemcane lapho ayetikata khona ipiyano esontweni wayewutikata upiyano naye engazi ukuthi wenzani ekhipha imisindo engena shuni kodwa wazitshela ukuthi uzogcina ekhiphe ishuni yakhe emangalisayo njalo ngamasonto wazijweza ukudlala ipiyano lapho waze wagcina eyitholile ishuni ayakade eyifuna lapha wagcina sekunguye umdlali wepiyano esontweni wafundela ukwenza umculo ekolishi laseroodeport kanye nomngani wakhe udj mahoota owaduma kwitrompies wangena endimeni yomculo wekwaito ngonyaka we lapho akhipha khona ingoma iyaba yisisasa esihloko esithi insimbi okwathi uma kuhamba isikhathi wagxila ekudidiyeleni nasekuculeni umculo we afro pop lapho aba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukeni kwalolu hlobo lomculo urobbie malinga endimeni yomculo wabe ehlela umculo edidiyela umculo ebhala umculo aphinde abe ngumculi wabe aziwa ngekhono abe enalo lokuvundulula amakhono omculo kubaculi abasafufusa abathathe ababeke esicongweni wasungula inkampani yokuqopha umculo enegama elithi robbie malinga entertainment umotshwa wadlula emhlabeni mhla zingama kuzibandlela wezi emva kokuxinwa yisifo somdlavuza wegazi anemia wafihlwa mhla zi kumasingana wezi westpark emathuneni egoli washiya emhlabeni amadodana amabili kanye nonkosikazi wakhe u anne malinga sipho gumede ngombasa ngontulikazi wabe eyinkakha yomculo wohlobo lwe jazz eningizimu afrika futhi edume kakhulu nasemazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele ugumede wabe edume kakhulu ngokudlala isigingci sebhazi futhi ezibhalela yena umculo wayephinde abe abengomunye wabasunguli beqembu lomculo elabe laziwa ngokuthi yisakhile idumela lakhe walakh ngokuthi ahlanganise umculo we jazz kanye nemiculo noma imisindo yase afrika uphakathwayo wazalwela endaweni yesecato manor ngesikhathi iseyindawo yamandiya kuphela ethekwini kusukela emncane okagumede wabe enothando olukhulu lomculo ngalokhu wazakhela isigingci ngethini legalane elalivulwe imbobo yahlanganiswa ngezintambo ukuze ifane nesigingci kwathi esenimnyaka eyi basuswa kulendawo nguhulumeni wobandlululo ngaphansi komthetho we group areas act ngeminyaka yezi esenemyaka engama wahamba wayohlala epulazini elingaphandle kwasemlazi esekulo leli pulazi wathola ukufunda kabanzi ngezinhlobo eziningi zomculo emishadweni kanye nasemncwabeni kwakuthi njalo uma bephuma esikoleni waye kolusa izinkomo khona lapho ekwaluseni ukuqhuba isikhathi wabe edlala isigingci sakhe sokuzakhela kwathi ngokukhula kwakhe kunokuba adlale lesi abe ezakhele sona isigingci wabe estsheleka esangempela ukuze aqhube isiphiwo sakhe sokudlala isigingci eseniminyaka engama waphindela emlazi lapho ahlangana nocyril magubane owabe engumdlali wesigingci wohlobo lomculo we jazz ukuhlangana nomagubane kwamvulela amathuba amaningi ekuzweni umculo wezingcweti eziningi ze jazz okubalwa kuzo u wes montgomery waphinde wazithola esehlangana no dick khoza okulapho athola khona umsebenzi njengelungu leqembu loculo we jazz elalibizwa ngokuthi i jazz revellers kuleli qembu wathola wathola ithuba lokudlala isigingci sebhazi bass guitar ngonyaka we ugumede wanikela kwandonga ziyaduma egoli okulapho afikela khona endaweni angayijwayele wanikela e dorkay house eyabe ikumgwaqo u ellof khona lapha e dorkay yilapho alhlangana khona nabaculi abaningi agcina esesebenzisana nabo abaculi asebenza nabo kubalwa udennis mpale kanye nocock tlhotlhalemaje kwi bhendi eyabe yaziwa ngokuthi isintu waphinde wasebenza nebhendi kadennis kwifestivali lomculo i piano culo ngaso lesi sikhathi waphinde wahlangana nodick khonza ayekade esesebenze naye ngaphambilini owabe esezinze e pelican nightclub eyabe idume kakhulu ngomculo onandisayo ngeminyaka yezi kungakapheli sikhathi esingatheni uphakathwayo wahlangana nogibson kente bahamba naye izwe lonke emva kwalolu lwakhe lokuqala lezwe wathatha isabatha ukuze aye koziqeqesha kwikhono lakhe lesigingci emva kokuzwa umculo kastanley clarke airto moreira flora purim kanye no chick corea emva kwesabatha wahlangana nabanye abaculi be jazz okulapho babumba khona iqembu lomculo elaziwa ngeroots abaculi abe esebenza nabo kuleli qembu kwakubalwa ujabu nkosi barney rachabane duke makasi dennis mpale kanye no enoch mtlelane leli qembu alihlalanga isikhathi eside okwathi lapho liphela khona ugumede wahlagana nobheki mseleku bobabili bazibiza ngespirit rejoice okwabe kuyiqembu lomculo we jazz oyingxube ugumede waqhubeka wabheka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthui axube i jazz kanye nomculo wase afrika ngonyaka we wahlangana no khaya mahlangu sebebonke no mabi gabriel thobejane babumba isakhile iqembu lomculo elaphumelela ekuxubeni imisindo akhula ngayo ukuxuba lemisindo kwabaholela ekukhipheni iculo elaba yingqayizivele elalinesihloko esithi mantombi ugumede waphinde waqopha nezingqalabutho ze jazz okubalwa kuzo otimmy thomas wasemelika ukippie moeketsi istimela umargaret singane uabdullah ibrahim uwinston mankunku kanye nobrenda fassie ngonyaka we wakhipha i alibhamu yakhe yedwa yokuqala eyayisihloko sithi faces and places ngonyaka we ehlangene nezinye izinkakha zomculo zaseningizimu afrika okulwa kuzo ucaiphus semenya uletta mbulu hugh masekela kanye nojonas gwangwa bahlela umbukiso womculo owawubiuzwa ngokuthu buwa lo mbukiso wabonwa ezimbabwe kanye nakwamanye amazwe ase afrika ekugcineni wagoqwa e swideni ngonyaka we isakhile yabunjwa kabusha yahambela eswizalendi e ithali ebrithani ejalimani kanye nasemazweni aseafrika amaningi iskahile yabe imele iningizimu afrika kwifesyivali lomculo i meeting the worldeyabe ibanjelwe e finlandi kanye nase ngaphambilini soviet union isakhile yahambela amazwe ahlukahlukene aseningizimu afrika kanye no abigail kubheka yadlala emadolobheni amakhulu asejalimani ngawo lonyaka usipho wadlala no caiphus semenya letta mbulu kanye no hugh masekela kwifestival le jazz emontreux kwi african evening ayebe ihlele nguquincy jones eningizimu afrika ugumede wabe engayigqizi qakala imithetho kahulumeni wobandlululo ngokuthi aye kodlala kwamakhonsathi ayexuba zonke izinhlanga ngonyaka we wanqoba ngendondo ye oktv ngokuba ne alibhamu yakhe ayenza yedwa esihloko sithi thank you for listening ngonyaka we wahlabana nendondo yempumelelo isukua kwabakwa johnny walker lapho babeqhakambisa iqhaza elincomeayo abe enalo embonini yomculu yaseningizimu afrika ngonyaka we waphinda wakhipa enye i alibhamu esihloko sithi ubuntu humanity ngonyaka we wakhipha i alibhamu esihloko sithi years of my life le alibhamu yabe ibeka emuva lapho ugumede aqala khona endimeni yomculo we jazz ngonyaka we ugumede wakhipha alibhamu esihloko sithi blues for my mother ngaphansi kweleyibuli u sheer music okulapho asebenza khona namaciko afana on mandla masuku paul hammer kanye no xoli nkosi ngonyaka we ugumede wabe yiqembu alabe lidlala ngemuva ngenkathi umdlali wepiyano wejazz wasemelika ujoe mcbride eze eningizimu afrika umcbride kanye nabanye abaculi be jazz okubalwa kubo andy narell wayne delano kanye no manny rodriquez baba yinxenye ye alibhamu kagumede esihloko sithi new era ngaso lsesi sikhathi uguemed wayedlala isingingci sebhazi edlalela iqembu elaziwa njenge the sheer all stars ayayibunjwe ngu paul hanmer mccoy mrubata errol dyerskanye no frank paco ngase lesi iskhathi ugumede wabenzisana no pops mohamed ukuqala ikamamzoo eyaba nesasa elikhulu yakhethwa njengengoma evelele yejazz yasesouth africa yasekhaya kwizindondo zomculo waseningizimu afrika south african music awards ngeminyaka yezi ugumede wabe esebuyele kwazulu natali lapho ayefundisa khona umculo aphide awudlalele abantu abasebancane emalokishini ngazo lezi zikhathi wasungula indawo yokuqopha emzini wakhe lapho adidiyela khona ama alibhami amaningi akhe ama alibhamu okugcina awakhipha kubalwa ethi from me to you ayikhipha nge kanye neye sakhile ethi togetherness ngonyaka we i alibhamu yakhe ethi blues for my mother yaba yi plathinamu emva kokuxinwa ukugula isikhashana esesibhedlela ethekwini ugumede wadlula emhlabeni mhla zi kuntulikazi we eneminyaka engama washiya emhlabeni unkosikazi wakhe ayesanda kushada naye ufikiswa pupuma kanye nezingane zakhe ezine okubalwa kuzo umantombi sifiso nozipho kanye nonontuthuzelo kanye nomfowabo uqedi inkosi mangosuthu buthelezi ngoncwaba ngosombusazwe waseningizimu afrika ongumsunguli aphinde ngumongameli weqembu lezombusazwe inkatha freedom party ifp okabuthelezi wadlala iqhaza elikhulu emlandweni wezombusazwe eningizimu afrika ubalwa nawo wonke amaqhawe ayelwa nengcindezelo kulo lelizwe ushenge uphinde abe yinkosi yesizwe sakwabuthelezi endaweni yakwanongoma kwazulu natali ukuhlonipha igalelo aba nalo ekubujweni kweningizimu afrika ekhululekile inyuvesi yezobuchwepheshe mangosuthu inyuvesi yobuchwepheshe kanye nomgwaqo omkhulu kukubili okuselokishini lasemlazi kuqanjwe ngegama lakhe ubuthelezi wazalelwa endaweni yasemahlabathini kwazulu natali ezalwa yinkosi umathole buthelezi kanye nowakwakhe inkosazane yenkosi umagogo kadinizulu owabe ungudadewabo wesilo usolomon kadinizulu bobabilii bezalwa yisilo udinizulu kacetshwayo umkhulu wakhe wabe engungqonqgoshe omkhulu kwisilo udinizulu wathola imfundo yamabanga aphansi e impumalanga primary school isikole esisendaweni yakwanongoma kusukela ngonyaka we kuya kwe emva kwalokho wadlulela emabangeni athe thuthu waya kofunda esikoleni esisemanzimtoti esibizwa ngokuthi adams college kusukela ngonyaka we kuya kwe lapho aqeda khona umatikuletsheni imfundo ephakeme wayithola enyuvesi yase fort hare kusukela ngonyaka we kuya kwe lapho ayefundela iziqu zomlando kanye nzifundo zokulawulwa kwabantu kulapha kulenyuvesi lapho ajoyina khona umbutho wentsha we anc lapho ahlagana khona khona norobert mugabe kanye no robert sobukwe ngonyaka wezi wazibandakanya kwimibhikisho eyabe kungeyokuvimbezela umholi ugeneral g van zyl ekuvakasheleni inyuvesi waxoshwa enyuvesi emva kwemibhikisho yabafundi kule nyuvesi kwamphoqa ukuba aye kobhalela izivivinyo zokuphela konyaka enyuvesi yakwazulu natali ngonyaka wezi wathola umsebenzi wokubhala emnyangweni wokulawula abantu ngonyaka wezi waqokwa njengomholi wakwazulu territorial authority okwabe inhloso yayo kwakungukubeka uboholi besikhashana bohulumeni bezabelo ushenge akazange wakuvuma lokhu ngoba kwabe kuzokwehlisa isithunzi sakwazulu kusukela ngonaya wezi ubuthelezi waba ngumholi wekomidi eliphezulu esishayamthetho sakwazulu emva kwalokhu kusukela ngonyaka wezi kuze ngumbasa wezi wayengundunankulu wakwazulu ngonaya wezi wabuyela ekhaya enatali ukba ayoba inkosi yezwe sakwabuthelezi yize abekwa njenge nkosi uhulumeleni wangaleso sikhathi wamazisa njengenkosi ngonyaka wezi ngonyaka wezi wasungula inhlangano yezombusazwe inkatha freedom party emva kokugqugquzelwa ngu oliver tambo owabe engumholi we african national congress anc ekubhaceni ubuthelezi wathola isibusiso ukuthi aqale inkatha yenkululeko yesizwe ukuze inhlangano yakhe ihlanganise abantu ukuthi balwe nohulumeni wobandlululo njengoba i anc yabe ivaliwe eningizimu afrika ngeminyaka yama ubuthulezi wathola ukugxekwa okukhulu yiqembu alabe laziwa ngokuthi yi black conciousness movement kangangokuthi lamunqabela aye emgcwabeni karobert sobukwe ngonyaka wezi ubuthelezi wahlangana no oliver tambo elandani emhlanganweni lapho babezondingida khona amasu ezempi abangawasebezisa beyinkatha nomkhonto wesizwe ukuze balwe nohulumeni wobandlululo lomhlangano awuzange ube yimpumelelo okwadala ukuthi i ifp kanye ne anc ukuthi baphule ubudlelwano okwadala ukuthi lamaqembu abe izitha ngonyaka wezi walwisana nohlelo lukahulumeni wobandlululo ukunikela indawo yasengwavuma esenyakatho nakwazulu ezweni laseswazini inkantolo yamvuna ubuthelezi kuloludaba ibeka ukuthi uhulumeni akahambanga ngokomthetho womthethosisekelo yabamnyama wezi lomthetho wabe udinga ukuthi kuhlanganwe nabantu basengwavuma kanye nekwazulu territorial authority ubuthelezi waphinde wahlaba ukuhlongozwa lukahulumeni ekuguquleni umthethosisekelo wangalesi sikhathi wayehambela imibuthano ehlangene neqembu lezombusazwe elabe laziwa ngokuthi i progressive federal party kanye nomholi wayo ufriederick van zyl slabbert njengoba inhlangano ye ifp kanye neye anc zabe zingasoboni ngaso linye ubuthelezi wabe esenokuhlanganyela nohulumeni wabe eyihlikiza eyokuthi iningizimu afrika kumele ifakelwe izibopho njengomholi kahulumeni wesabelo ukuphila kwakhe kwakuncike kakhulu emnothweni waseningizimu afrika njengoba abaholi ababelwa nobandlululo ababeseningizimu afrika kanye nababesemazweni angaphandle babefuna izibopho ubuthelezi wagcina esebekwa njengopopayi wohulumeni wobandlulo ukugxila kakhulu kwezamasiko kanye nobuzwe ngaphezu kobumbano ngokobuzwe kwagxekwa kakhulu lokhu kwaholela empini yomabango phakathi kwabalandeli bakhe bamazulu kanye namalungu e anc kwazulu natali emva kokukhishwa kwabo bonke ababeboshiwe ngaphansi kohulumeni wobandlululo nokubunjwa kwe convesion for democratic south africa codesa ubuthelezi wayemele inkatha freedom party ngesikhathi kunezingxoxo zeningizimu afrika yentando yeningi ubutheleizi wabe efuna kuvikelwe isithunzi kanye namandla amakhosi emva kokungaboni ngaso linye nezinye izinhlangano kulolu daba ubuthelezi waphuma kulezi zingxoxo okwadala izimpi zezombusazwe phakathi kwamalungu e anc kanye ne ifp sekusele isikhathi esingatheni ubuthulezi wamemezela ukuthi i ifp nayo izolungenela ukhetho lukazwelonke lokhu kwadala ukuthi igama lalenhlangano lifakwe ngamahora okugcina ohlwini lwamaqembu ayezongena okhethweni ngaphambi kokuthi angene kwezombusazwe ubuthelezi wake wazakhela udumo kwezafilimu lapho ayelingisa indawo yesilo ucetshwayo kampande owabe engumkhulu wakhe lapha wayebonaka kwifilimu eyakhishwa ngonyaka wezi lapho esihloko sithi zulu kulefilimu kuvezwa impi eyabe iphakathi kwamazulu namangisi ngonyaka wezi emva kokhetho lokuqala lukahulumeni wentando yeningi ngonhlaba wezi ubuthelezi waba ngunqgongqoshe wokuqala ngaphansi kwalohulumeni womnyango wezasekhaya lapho abapatha khona amahlandla amabili emnyangweni wezasekhaya waletha ushintsho olukhulu ngokuhamba kwabantu luleli baqala ukuthola amakhono kuleli ukuze kuthuthukiswe umnotho waseningizimu afrika ngonyaka wezi wabekwa njengomongameli wesikhashana lapho unelson mandela wabe esewashington ushenge waqhubeka ukuba umholi wamakhosi akwazulu aphinde abe ngunhloli we ifp uphinde aba yilungu lwephalamende lapho emale khona iqembu le ifp ngomfumfu wezi ushenge wamemezela ukuthi useshiya izintambo zokuba ngumongameli waqembu le ifp okuyikhundla asesibambe iminyaka engama ubuthelezi ungumkhulumeli okhulu ngokufundisa abantu ngesifo sesandulela ngculazi nengculazi walahlekelwa inzigane zakhe ezimbili kuso lesisifo yingakho emandla ekufundisweni kwabantu ikhulukazi intsha ngaso lesi sifo i vlamertinge iyisizinda esifundazweni sasebelgium sasewest flanders nasesidolobheni saseypres isikhungo sendawo yedolobha lasevlamertinge singaphandle kwendawo yedolobha laseypres eduze komgwaqo omkhulu un edolobheni eliseduze lasepaperinge ngaphandle kwendawo yedolobha laseypres uqobo i vlamertinge iyona dolobha enkulu kakhulu ye ypres ngasentshonalanga yevlamertinge emgwaqweni oya epaperinge yindawo yasebrandhoek idatha yokuqala mayelana ne vlamertinge idlule kusukela enkathini ephakathi ngo ithempeli lakhiwa kuvlamertinge ngo ypres kwabhujiswa futhi isonto likavlamertinge lishisa idokhumenti endala eyaziwayo kuze kube yimanje efaka igama elithi flambertenges isenzo sonyaka ka ubaudouin van lille ubale flanders umkakhe u adela nendodana yabo ubaudouin kulokhu kuhlinzeka izimpahla esontweni nasesahlukweni kusukela esint pieters elille lezi zimpahla kwakuphakathi kwezinye izinto okweshumi esise elverdinge futhi okweshumi kuvlamertinge in territorio furnensi in villa elverzenges decinam unam flambertenges decinam similiter unam ngaphansi kwe ancien rgime vlamertinge kwakuyinkazimulo yeveurne ambacht eneminyaka engama ngemuva futhi yahlupheka kakhulu emasimini aseypres aseduzane i vlamertinge ingamamitha angu ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle umasipala futhi unqamule i ypres empumalanga i voormezele eningizimu ntshonalanga ikemmel nedikkebus eningizimu ereningelst eningizimu mpumalanga ipereringe entshonalanga i elverdinge enyakatho nebrielen enyakatho mpumalanga kusukela ngo kuya ku sibona ukwehla okukhulu kwabantu basevlamertinge incazelo ecacile kakhulu yalokhu bekuyoba yimpi yezinsuku eyinkulungwane e netherlands ngesikhathi sempi yezwe yokuqala sibona ukuthi abantu baphindela kabusha lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i ypres eseduzane eyayiyi edolobheni yangaphambili ibhejane kakhulu futhi uvlamertinge naye wahlupheka kakhulu kulezi zindawo zokuhlaselwa kwamabhomu i distruction boyz yigqom music duo esuka ethekwini eningizimu afrika ehlanganisa ukuqoshwa kwabaculi kanye nabakhiqizi berekhodi uthobani que mgobhozi nozipho goldmax mthembu i debut i albhamu yabo i gqom is the future yathola isimo segolide eqinisekisiwe ngu risa yayenza i albhamu yokuqala yegqom ekwazi ukufeza lesi simo ugoldmax noque bazalwe kwamashu ilokishi lesibili elikhulu kunawo wonke ethekwini lamalungu womabili azakhele ngokudlala i gqom futhi nomculo we house ema tavern kanye nase shisa inyama kwamashu banquma ukuhlanganisa ikhono labo nendlebe yabo ukuze benze iqembu lethu namuhla esibaziyo ngokuthi i distruction boyz i distruction boyz yakhipha ingoma yabo ebizwa ngokuthi omunye equkethe ubenny maverick nodladla mshunqisi ingoma yayiqinisekisile igolide nge recording industry yeningizimu afrika i duo yabe ikhipha i albhamu yabo yokuqala ebizwa ngokuthi gqom is the future ngo okthoba futhi yathola isimo segolide eqinisekisiwe yirecording industry yeningizimu afrika ngo disemba okwenza kube i albhamu yokuqala ye gqom uhlobo lomculo womdanso odumile ethekwini ukufeza lesi simo dassenhoek indawo ehlala abantu abangadli izambane likapondo esendaweni yasepinetown ngaphansi kukamasipala wasethekwini kwazulu natali eningizimu afrika igama lalendwawo lisuselwa emagameni esibhunu elithi dassen zu imbila kanye nelithi hoek zu ijika emkhandlini wetheku lendawo iku ward kanti le ward ihlanganisa nendwawo yase thornwood indawo engamakhilomitha ayi ngaphandle kwedolobha lasethewini indaawo engamakhaya kanye nethuthukile idassenhoek izungezwe ezinye izindawo okubalwa kuzo itshelimnyama enyakatho empola empumalanga thornwood ningizimu mpumalanga kwandengezi eningizimu kanye ishongweni entshonalanga indawo yasedassenhoek iyindawo ephucuzekile lokhu kubonakala ngokuthi kunemigwaqo enetiyela abantu banamanzi kanye nogesi abantu bayazakhela imizi abatholi xhaso kuhulumeni ngaphansi kohlelo lokwakhiwa kwzindlu umgwaqo omkhulu ubizwa ngokuthi i milkyway road lendawo ayihleliwe ngokwemithetho kamasipala wetheku yokuhlela idolobha kanye nesifunda lokhu okudala ukuthi abanye abanye bantu bangazitholi izidingonqangi kulendawo kulendawo kudlula ulayini wesitimela obaluleke kakhulu emnothweni waseningizimu afrika ngoba uhlanganisa itheku kanye negoli lolayini wesitimela ubizwa ngokuthi i new line kulolayini kudlula izitimela ezithwala abagibeli kanye nezithwala izimpahla zakwa transnet endaweni yasedassenhoek kunezikole ezixhaswe nguhulumeni zithatha abafundi bakhona endaweni kanye nabakwezinye izindawo ezizungeze i dassenhoek edassenhoek kukhona izikole ezintathu zamabanga aphansi kanye nesisodwa samabanga aphezulu izikole ezisendaweni kubalwa kuzo lezi kukhona amateksi asebenzayo ukuthutha abagibeli ebasusa futhi ebabuyisa kulezi zindawo ethekwini epinetown echartworth kanye nasehillcrest lamatekisei athutha abahlali basedassenhoek asebenza ngaphansi kwenhlangano yabanikazi bamatekisi ebizwa ngokuthi dassenhoek taxi owners association inhlangano yosomatekisi basedassenhoek ithatha abagibeli kulezi zindawo empola thornwood kanye nasemarinnridg irneki yamatekisei isendaweni yasempola abahlali basedasenhoek babuye bathuthwe yizimoto ezincane ezisebenza khona endaweni lezimoto zibizwa ngokuthiu izingqoshi lezimoto zithuthaa abagibeli zibasusa futhi zibayisa endaweni yakwamamdekazi okuyindawo esenagina lezi zinqoshi zinabanikazi bazo abanehlangano emelene nokusebenza ukuthutha abantu bebayisa kwamamdekakazi ulunye uhlobo lwezokuthutha olukhona endaweni kubalwa izitimela ezisebenza ngogesi ezithutha abagibeli zibayisa ezindawini ezahlukahlukene lezi zitimela zilawulwa yinkampani yombuso eyaziwa ngokuthi passenger rail agency of south afrika prasa abagibeli bezitimela bathenga amathikithi eziteshini zalenkampani ukuze bakwazi ukugibela izitimela edassenhoek kukhona iziteshi ezimbili zakwaprasa okubalwa kuso isithund hills kanye nedassenhoek lendawo ikhungethwe izinkinga ezingi ezinomthelela kwisimo senhlalo empahakathini wasedassenhoek izinkinga kubalwa izinga lobugebengu eliphezulu kuphinde kube khona inkinga yezidakamizwa okubalwa kuzo esaziwa ngewunga esesiqede intsha eningi endaweni intsha eningi kulendaow ingene shiqi ophuzweni oludakayo amalungelo esintu aseningizimu afrika awumhlahlandlela wokuvikeleka kubuntu bomuntu amalungelo ayasipho sokuqala indalo esipha umuntu ekuzalweni kwakhe eningizimu afrika uhlu lwamalungelo abantu luyisizinda somthethosisekelo umthethosisekelo iwona mthetho omkhulu ezweni ngisho uhulumeni akanawo amandla ngatphezu kwawo yingakho uhulumeni engenalo igunya lokushicilela imithetho engqubuzana namalungelo abantu amalungelo abantu abululekile ngoba eningizimu afrika mhla zingama kundasa wusuku lwamalungelo esintu lapho kusuke kukhunjulwa khona bonke abalahlekelwa izimpilo zabo bemsaha ngonyaka wezi ngalolu sauku kusuke kungakhunjulwa kuphela labo abahlekelwa zimpilo zabo ngonyaka wei kepha kususkue kuqhakambiswa ukubaluleka kokuvikelwa kwamalungelo abantu baseningizimu afrika akekho noyedwa umuntu ovumelekile ukufiphaza amalungelo omunye umuntu zonke izakhamizi zaseningizimu afrika zinala malungelo alandelayo lamalungelo angena ngaphansi kwezibaya ezintathu esokuqala sibhekene nokuvikeleka komuntu ngqo ngaphansi kwalesi sibaya kubekwa ukuvikela abantu ekubeni isisulu salabo kumbe kwalowo osesikhundleni ngaphansi kwalesi sibaya singabala lemithetho elandelayo hlonipha amalungilo abanye abantu lesi sibaya siqondene nomphakathi kanye nenhlalakahle yawo kulesi sisbaya kubhekwa amangxathu athathwa nguhulumeni ekucubunguleni kanye nasekuhlaziyeni izidingongqangi zabantu lapha kuphinde kubhekwe wonke amagxathu athathwa umbuso ekuqinisekeni ukuthi wonke umntwana waseningizimu afrika unethuba lokuthola imfundo kuphinde kubhekawe yonke imizamo engeziwa umbuso ekiqinisekenei ukuthi bonake abadala baqashiwe futhi bayanakekelwa lapha kibhekwa ukuvikeleka kwamaqembu athize okungaba ezenkolo ezombusazwe amasiko njalo njalo njengoba iiningizimu afrika iyizwe elinamasiko amaningi kanye nezinkolo eziningi manje kubalulekile ukuthi kube khona ukuhloniphana pakathi kwazao futhi ziphinde zinikezane indawo kanye nesithunzi esifanele noma ziningi izindlela ezibekiwe ukuvikela amalungelo abantu kodwa nomuntu ngamunye unomqansa omkhulu wokuqinisekisa ukuthi ilungelo lakhe alithikamezi amalungelo abanye abantu uzenzile miriam makeba ngondasa ngolwezi ungumculi nomzabalazi nomlingisi waseningizimu afrika amaculo akhe aziwayo aqukatha upata pata noqongqothwane uyaziwa futhi umsebenzi wakhe wokuphikisana nohulumeni wobandlulo waseningizimu afrika ubizwa ngo mama africa uvela egoli eningizimu afrika  ngo umakeba wahlanganyela ibhendi i manhattan brothers bese wenza ibhendi labesifazane i skylarks  umakeba wayedlala nakumafilimu u come back africa no king kong umakeba wacula amaculo amabili kwifilimu u come back africa  lifilimu ngezimpilo  zabantu emalokishini   ifilimu ligxeka uhulumeni waseninginzimu afrika   ngo washiya iningizimu afrika wahlala kuqala elondon kamuva emelika  uma wafuna ukubuyela eningizimu afrika ukuba avakashele umama wakhe ogulayo waqala ukuzwa ukuthi ipasipoti  lakhe laseningizimu afrika lithathiwe ngo umiriam makeba wadlala irekhodi lakhe lokuqala  laphoecula yedwa wacula ihubo qongqothwane noma the click song   liculo lesixhosa elaliculwa ngomshado   kamuva wathola  ukuthi abelungu baseningizimu afrika babiza leli culo ngoclick song ngoba abakwazi ukuthi qongqothwane ngo umiriam makeba wakhuluma ngohulumeli wobandlululo ezizwe ezihlangeneyo umiriam makeba noharry belafonte baqamba irekhodi an evening with belafonte makeba  leli reckhodi lazuza i grammy ngo   iculo lakhe upata pata laphumelela   emelika layibillboard hot   umiriam makeba wathi leli culo lincane ngoba lalingomdanso kodwa lalithandwa kakhulu ngo wagana isazimculo  uhugh masekela   bahlangana ngesikhathi besebenzela ifilimu uking kong   bahlukanisile ngo   futhi ngo wacula kwi albhamu graceland nopaul simon neladysmith black mambazo   leli albhamu  alizuzanga i grammy kodwa kwakukhona ukuphikisana ngoba abantu abanye babecabanga ukuthi upaul simon waduba ibhoyikhothi  kahulumeni wobandlulo waseningizimu afrika ngo umiriam makeba washada futhi   washada ustokely carmichael owayengumzabalazi  wamalungelo abantu  emelika babengathandwa emelika yingakho baya eguinea   bahlala eguinea kodwa umiriam makeba wacula  emhlabeni wonke jikelele wacula ezaire ngo ngesikathi se rumble in the jungle umlo wesibhakela kageorge forman nomuhammed ali ngo wabuyela eningizimu afrika wenza i albhamu uhomeland   uthabo mbeki wamkhethela i goodwill ambassador  yeningizimu afrika   waqhubeka esacula  emhlabeni jikelele   wayeyocula eitaly ngesikhathi lapho washona ngomuhla we kanovemba ngo ubrenda nokuzola fassie ngolwezi ngonhlaba wayengumculi waseningizimu afrika iphephandaba lasetime lambiza the madonna of the townships umadonna wamalokishi futhi wayebizwa ngendlovukazi yomculo we kwaito isidlaliso sakhe singu mabrrr ubrenda fassie uvela kwalanga ekapa ubizwa ubrenda waqanjwa ngobrenda lee ongumculi wasemelika umama wakhe wayedlala ipiyano yingakho ubrenda fassie wawazi umculo esengumtwana eneminyaka engam waya esoweto egoli ukuba ngumculi  wenze ibhendi ubrenda and the big dudes ngo iculo labo u weekend special laba lirekhodi lepulatinami  ubrenda fassie washiya i big dudes washiya umyeni wakhe waqala ukusebenzana nomkhiqizi waculo uchicco twala  ngo benza i alibhamu too late for mama ngonyaka olandelayo benza i alibhamu black president   amaculo akhe abizwa bubble gum  ahlanganise  umbaqanga ne pop  wacula iculo black president ngonelson mandela  uhulumeni waseninginzimu afrika walivala  ngeli culo ngoba laligxeka uhulumeni wobandlululo ubrenda fassie wasiwa esibhedlele ngomuhla we kambaso kaapreli ngo  wavakashelwa ngunelson mandela nowinnie mandela nothabo mbeki esibhedlele  kodwa walala  isihlwathi ubrenda fassie washona nhomuhla we kameyi ngo   ubrenda fassie wathegisa amaculo amaningi wazuza imiklolmelo emihlanu yaseimiklomelo yomculo waseningizimu afrika south african music awards ngo uvulindlela wakhewthwa ukuba liculo leshumi  futhi ubrenda fassie  wayeyilembe  kumphakathi wezitabani abalandeli bakhe baqukatha unelson mandela nowinnie mandela khuzani nkosikhona innocent mpungose ngozibandlela obuye aziwe ngegama elithi idlamlenze ungumculi womculo kamas kandi odabuka emandaba enkandla kwazulu natali lomculi usezakhele idumelo elikhulo ngephimbo lakhe ukhuzani ubuye aziwe kakhulu ngokuqgoka izimphahla ezihamba phambili zikanokusho ukhuzani wazalwa enkandla esigodini emandaba ezalwa ngumuziwephahla mpungose nowakwakhe unkk sizakele mpungose umangema ngokuzalwa ungowesibili ezinganeni ezintathu ngonyaka wezi waqala imfundo yamabanga aphansi emvaziya primary school khona emandaba enkandla wafunda lapha kwaze kaba ngunyaka wezi ngonyaka wezi waqhubela imfundo yakhe esikoleni isibhakabhaka primary and high school esikhona enkandla kwaze kwaba ngunyaka wezi ngonyaka wezi wahamba isikhashana kwazulu natali walibangisa epitoli lapho aqhubeka khona nemfundo yakhe esikoleni esibizwa ngokuthi emakgatho primary school emva kwesikhashana ehambile wabuyela emuva kwazulu natali lapho aphothula ibanga lama ngonyaka wezi esibhakabhaka primary and high school esakhula ukhuzani wathola ugqozi lomculo kamas kandi emculweni ka mgqumeni ibhova likadikadika kanye no mtshengiseni ngcwensa indidane lokhu kwamugqugquzela ekulandeleni umculo kwamaskandi mhla zi kuzibandlea wezi ngebhadi umculi abe emkhonze kakhulu umgqumeni wadlula emhlabeni esasebenza kwi alibhamu yakhe esihloko sithi i secret ngesikhathi edlula emhlabeni umgqumeni wabe esayinde kwinkampani ekhiqiza umculo eyaziwa ngokuthi izingane zoma music promotions ngaphansi kom sunguli nomqondisi ushobeni khuzwayo ngenkathi umgqumeni edlula emhlabeni esaqopha ukhuzwayo waqoka ukhuzani owabe eneminyaka engama ngaleso sikhathi ukuba aqhubeke nokuqopha i secret ngoba izwi lakhe labe licishe lifane nelikamgqumeni kodwa loku kungamanga aluhlaza udsd owayesinela iqembu likamgqumeni wambuza ukhuzani ukuthi wayeyiqedela nini i album yamgqumeni ukhuzani wehluleka ukuphendula loku kwakuwukuzifunela udumo ngegama likamgqumeni le alibhamu i secret yathola indodo kuma south african traditional music awards satma ngonyaka wezi ukhuzani wakhipha i alibhamu yakhe yokuqala esihloko sithi bahluleke bonke ngonyaka wezi wakhipha eyesibili esihloko sithi amapungunge le alibhamu yamlethela idumela elikhulu okwaholela ekutheni umtshengiseni gcwensa bukhoma aphethe ngokuthi ukhuzani uzoba ngumculi kamas kandi oyingqwele futhi uzohlabana nezindondo eziningi njengendidane njengoba abe eshilo umtshengiseni ukhuzani manje usaziwa njengenkosi kamaskandi ngabalandeli bakhe babuye bambize ngo king khuba abalandeli bembangi yakhe enkulu umthandeni manqele kepha bayakuphikisa lokhu ukhuzani useke wasebenza nizingqwele zikamas kandi okubalwa kuzo indidane mtshengiseni gcwensa izingane zoma shobeni khuzwayo shwi nomtekhala osaziwayo babes wodumo imfezemnyama amagez amahle andile kamajola lebo m big nuz afro soul kanye nabanye abaculi abaningi ngonyaka wezi wakhipha i alibhamu esihloko sithi isixaxa samaxoki le alibhamu yaba yigolide ezinyangeni ezimbili nje vo ikhishiwe kule alibhamu wasebenzisana nabantu abaningi okubalwa kubo oskhindi zondi phathaphatha maqhude senzo kanyile kanye nothibela mpungose ukubala abambalwa kusukela ngenkathi engena emculweni ukhuzani uzakhele isasa elikhulu emculweni kama skandi lokhu kwenza ukuthi athole azindodo eziningi usake wahlabana nezindondo kumqhudelwano elandelayo amantshonthso kamaskandi awards satma amasama kanye ne the life changers awards lapho ayethola khona indondo yengoma yonyaka ehamba phambili ngonyaka wezi wahlabana nendondo emqhudelwaneni obizwa ngokuthi amantshonthso kamaskandi awards kulomqudelwano wahlabana nezindondo ezintathu okubalwa kuzo ingoma yonyaka ehamba phambili i alibhamu ehamba phambili edayisiwe i alibhamu kamas kandi ehamba phambili umpungose uzishaya isifuba ngokuthi uyawushaya ukotini okusho ukuthi ugqoka izingubo ezihamba phambili zikanokusho njengoba ukhuzani egqoka angaconsi phansi futhi aphinde aziwe ngokuthi uyinkosi yamabhinca inkampani eyakha izimpahla zokugqoka ebizwa ngokuthi i jonathan d inesivumelwano naye ukuqhakambisa isitayela sakhe ukhuzani njalo uma eyodlala izinkumbi zabalandeli bakhe zibonaka zigqoke izimpahla ezinombala oluhlaza sasibhakabhaka iculo lesizwe lingaphambaniswa nonkosi sikelel iafrika iculo lesizwe lase riphabliki yaseningizimu afrika izwe laseningizimu afrika selibe namaculo eziswe amaningana selokhu labunjwa ngonyaka wezi lapho lalabizwa khona ngenyunyana yaseningizimu afrika kusukela ngalesi sikhathi lelizwe libe nezinguquko ezinigi kwezombuszwe okuholelein ukuthi icilo lesizwe lishintshe iculo lesizwe elisebenza manje libhalwe ngu enoch sontonga u c j langenhoven kanye no marthinus de villiers iculo lesizwe lihlanganisa isizilimi ezinhlanu zaningizimu afrika okubalwa kuzo isixhosa isizulu isisuthu isibhunu kanye nesingisi libhalwe ngezilimi ezahlukahlukene ngoba lelizwe linezilimi ezikhulunywayo eziningi abantu abaningi baseningizimu afrika banokuligxeka iculo lesizse ngokuthi linezinhlamvu zesibhunu bagxeka ukuthi leze zinhlamvu kwabe kuyizona azabe zisetshenziswa ngesikhathi kusabusa uhulumeni wobandlulo lezi zinhlamvu zisuselwe eculweni ilabhalwa ngu enoch sontonga ishawela xawela umuzindawo otholakala kumasipala wendawo ye greater giyani local municipality kwisifundazwe iprovinsi yase limpopo eningizimu afrika south africa lo muzindawo wakhiwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka  yoma ngaphansi kwe homeland noma i bantustan yegazankulu kukhona izigaba ezimbili eshawela kanti kunabaholi abathathu kukhona imahumani ville kanye nendawokazi yeshawela umholi wemahumani ville ngundhuna makhongele kanti umholi wendawokazi yeshawela yena ngundhuna manganyi kanye nondhuna cuma iqembu elihola phambili kule ndawo yi anc kanti ikhansela yewadi nguwilliam mthombeni inkosi yohlanga lwendawo eshawela ngunkosi mahumani unkosi nkomo kukhona izikole ezintathu eshawela amagama azo yibaleni primary school s ikhwezu primary school  kanye nemukula high school kune shawela united okuyiqembu elikhulukazi lendawo  lapha kusetshenziswa i jb chauke stadium lapho kunamameshi adlalelwa ekhaya ngonyaka ka ishawela united yathola indlondlo yokuba ngompetha kwithonamenti kangqongqoshe wezokusebenzisana kwemikhakha kahulumeni nabaholi bendabuko pheceleni u minister of cooperative governance and traditional affairs kukhona i el shaddai international evangelism explosion emahumani ville eliholwa ngu prophet isaiah sibanda ne gospel pentacostal church emahumani ville eholwa ngu pastor mpakathi we assemblies of god kwindawokazi enkulu yeshawela ebese kuba ne baleni full gospel church kwindawokazi yeshawela ne brightness of god ka pastor ngoveni yena kanye ne light of the world ka prophet lawrence khosa jerusalem ka pastor mthuki eshowe yidolobha elidala elaqala ukuhlala abelungu baseyuropha kwazulu igama elithi eshowe kuthiwa lathola leli gama ngenxa yomsindo wesivunguvungu somoya oshaya khona olinganiselwa kwisivinini esingu  km ehlathini lemvelo elaziwa ngokuthi yihlathi le dlinza forest leli hlathi yiyonanto egqame kakhulu ngaleli dolobha ngisho noma igama le dolobha lisuselwa olwimini lwesizulu kodwa yigama lamahlamvana e xysmalobium ishowe noma ishongwe namuhla ishowe yindawo yemakethe enerediyasi elingana amakhilomitha angu wendawo eyisikhongozeli phecelezi icatchment area kukhona izikhungo zezitolo ezimbili isiteshi samabhasi esikhulu maphakathi nedolobha kanye nesibhedlela esikhulu kanye nezikole ezimbalwa ngonyaka ka u cetshwayo okwakuyinkosana yakwazulu  wakha indawo yesizulu kraal lapha kanti wabiza le ndawo ngokuthi kuseziqwaqweni indawo ehlala izigelekeqe kwasungulwa isiteshi se mission eshowe ngo ngemuva kokuba abelungu bethole imvume yenkosi yamazulu ucetshwayo lesi siteshi se mission sakhiwa ngabe norwegian missionary ngaphansi komfundisi u ommund oftebro kamuva lesi siteshi sabizwa ngokuthi yi kwamondi mission station indawo yemondi okuyigama lesizulu elanikezwa ku oftebro ngesikhathi sempi yamazulu  namangisi eyaziwa ngelesilungu ngokuthi yi anglo zulu war ka ukheneli u charles pearson wahola uphiki lwebutho lakhe lwagudla ishowe leli butho lamangisi lahlangana nophiki lebutho lamazulu emfuleni we nyezane river kodwa ngemuva kokuba la maqembu etholane phezulu empini ibutho lamangisi lahoxa lacasha esiteshini se kwamondi mission eyaqiniswa ngamanye amasosha amangisi sasesibizwa ngokuthi yi fort ekowe amabutho amangisi ngaphansi kukakheneli pearson babehlaselwe bacasha lapho amaviki angu lapho abaze balekelelwa khona ngu lord chelmsford ngemuva kwempi yasegingindlovu eyaziwa ngesingisi ngokuthi yi battle of gingindlovu ngemuva kwempi ishowe yasungulwa njengokomkhulu lakwazulu kanye nendawo yekhaya lokuhlala isikhulu sasebrithani ekwazulu u melmoth osborne idolobha eliseduzane le melmoth lethiwa ngegama lakhe ngonyaka ka ishowe laba yikhomkhulu lakwazulu kanti futhi lase libizwa ngelokishi township ngonyaka ka ngonyaka ka umndeni wobukhosi wasebrithani ngaphansi kwenkosi yamangisi u king george vi queen elizabeth princess elizabeth kanye princess margaret bavakashela nokwamukelwa eshowe bemukelwa unkosi u king cyprian umndeni wahambela ihlathi lasedlinza kanye nokulala endaweni ye the residency eshowe ishowe ibiyi diocesan yabamnyama yokuqala yababhishobhi i black diocesan bishops eningizimu afrika yamabandla e anglican kanye nesonto lamaroma i roman catholic church ishowe iselokhu iyisizinda sombhishobhi we anglican diocese yakwazulu ibarraba isingisi barraba yidolobha lasenew south wales e ostreliya idolobha laliyikomkhulu kamasipala ibarraba shire lo masipala uhlanganiswe emasipaleni wetamworth regional council ngo ibarraba isendaweni ebizwa ngebundarra barraba important bird area le ndawo ilondoloza indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni iregent honeyeater anthochaera phrygia ibarraba isesifundeni inew england ibarraba yisebombo inandewar range idoloboha elisemgaqweni wezokuvakasha ifossickers way umfula imanilla river ugobhoza eceleni kwedolobha ibarraba ingamakhilomitha angama enyakatho ntshonalanga ukusuka esydney nengamakilomitha angama eningizimu ntshonalanga ukusuka ebrisbane ibarraba ingamakhilomitha angama enyakatho ukusuka etamworth itamworth yikomkhulu lomasipala wetamworth regional council amakamilaroi isingisi kamilaroi noma gamileraay ayehlala esifundeni phambili kokuba kufike abelungu umlungu wokuqala esifundeni wayenguallan cunningham wafika lapho ngonyaka we wayengumhloli wamazwe nosozimila ipulazi lokuqala esifundeni ibarraba station lamisiwa ngonyaka we noma ngonyaka we isiza esisedolobheni sahloliwa ngonyaka we ukutholwa kwagolide kwasiziwa ukukhula kwedolobha iposi hhovisi lokuqala lavulwa ngonyaka we nesikole sokuqala savulwa ngonyaka we isonto lasesheshi lakhiwa ngonyaka we nebhange lokuqala lavulwa ngonyaka we ihhotela lokuqala icommercial hotel lakhiwa ngonyaka we nendlu yenkantolo yakhiwa ngonyaka we ibarraba yamemezela idolobha ngonyaka we ibarraba lamemezela idolobha ngonyaka we isibhedlela savulwa ngonyaka we nesonto lasewesleyan lakhiwa ngonyaka we iphephandaba ledolobha ibarraba gazette laqala ukushicilelwa ngonyaka we isonto lamakhatholika lakhiwa ngonyaka we isipolo saphethelwa ebarraba ngonyaka we isitimela sokugcina esagcina ukuhamba ebarraba ngonyaka we nesipolo savalwa ngonyaka we iconnors creek dam lakhiwa ngonyaka we leli damu lathuthukisa ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi idolobha edolobheni ithusi latholwa egulf creek ngonyaka we nemayini yokuqala yamiswa ngonyaka we igulf creek yidolobhana elisendaweni engamakhilomitha angama ukusuka ebarraba iposihhovisi ihhotela nesikole kwakhiwa khona edolobheni le mayini yayiyimayini enkulu kunawo wonke ethusi enew south wales ngonyaka we leli dolobhana lalinabantu abangama imayini yavalwa ngeminyaka yawo iposihhovisi yavalwa ngonyaka we iposihhovisi lavalwa ngonyaka we idolobhana lashiyiwa i asbestos lanjiwa ewoodsreef kusukela ngo kuya ku i asbestos lagujwa ewoodsreef kusukela ngo kuya ku iwoodsreef yidolobhana elingamakhilomitha angu empumalanga ukusuka ebarraba imayini yandiswa yanwetshwa ngonyaka we imayini ikhiqiza amathani angu e asbestos elimhlophe imayini ishiye amathani angu amatshe namathani angu e asbestos elimhlophe i asbestos ivala amahektare angu ne asbestos ingaphezu kwamamitha angu m umbiko wethelevishini wacasisa ngo inkathazeko enkulu ukuthi i asbestos iyingozi kubahlali i asbestos diseases foundation of australia yafuna ukuthi imayini ifanele ibuyisiwe ifoundation yafuna ukuthi abantu abangangeni emayini umgwaqo womphakathi wawela imayini kuze kube ngu idolobhana lashiywa ihunter new england health service yenza isifundo ngokubaluleka ngezingozi zezimpilo zabahlali lesi sifundo sapheleliwe kodwa asikashicilelwa imayini umhlaba wokudabuka yamiswa ngonyaka we abantu bangathola amapyrite ama garnet ama jasper igade nezeolite esifundeni iquartz elibomvu iquartz elinsundu nequartz eliphuzi atholakala esifundeni abantu bangathola amathambo aguquke aba ngamatshe lapha izinkomo nezimvu zifuywa esifundeni ukolo uvunwa esifundenii ihlobo liyashisa futhi liswakeme ubusika buyabanda futhi bomile inzinga lokushisa eliphezulu labikwa lalingu c izinga lokushisa eliphansi labikwa lalingu c ngaphansi kwezinga qhwa c imvula yomnyaka ivama ingamamilimitha angu mm imvula ephakeme isuku ebikwa ingamamilimitha ngu mm leyo mvula iwa ngomhla ka ku februwari ngo abantu badolobha bakhipha amanzi emanilla river ebarraba creek neconnors creek dam phambili kokuba isplit rock dam lakhiwa ngonyaka we ipayipi amanzi kusukela leli damu kuya ebarraba lakhiwa ngonyaka we abantu badolobha bakhipha amanzi epitsi uma leyo mitombo inciphisiwe inkinsela yasemgungundlovu yinoveli ebahlwe ngusibusiso nyembezi yashicilelwa okukuqala ngonyaka wezi lencwadi ikhuluma ngendoda eqhamuka emgungungundlovu eyabe ineqhinga lokuqola abantu basemakhaya imfuyo yabo kule noveli kuxoxwa ngendoda esuka edolobheni ehambela endaweni yasenyandunyandu izibiza ngokuthi ingu c c ndebenkulu nokuthi ingeyasemgungundlovu abantu basenyanyadu ibatshela ukuthi iyinkinsela ezikhathaza kakhulu ngokusiza abantu bakubo abamnyama ithi abasenyanyadu ingabasiza ngokubadayisela izinkomo zabo ngamanani amakhulu kakhulu iqiniso selivela ngasekugcineni kwendaba le ndoda isihamba nazo izinkomo lesi qumama esizishoyo yisigelekeqe sokuqala sokugcina esikade sasibawumbaza abantu ngemfuyo yabo ngisho nabafelokazi imbala kodwa amaqhinga akhe ayabonakala ebonwa ngabasebasha emphakathini kanye nabafundile abalingiswa abahamba phambili umndeni kazeph mkhwanazi okubalwa kuwo indodana indodakazi kanye nonkosikazi wakhe lenoveli yaguqulwa yenziwa umdlalo womoya esiteshini somsakazo esabe saziwa ngokuthi iradio zulu akugcinanga lapho yaphinde yaguqulwa yenziwa umdlalo owuchungenchunge kamabonakude ngonyaka wezi ngonyaka wezi lenoveli yahunyushelwa olimini lwesingisi ihunyushwa ngusandile ngidi lapho isinegama elithi the rich man of pietermaritzburg usolwazi cyril lincoln sibusiso nyembezi zibandlela nhlangulana wabe engumbhali wezincwadi zesizuliu engusonkondlo enguthisha aphinde abe ngumhleli waseningizimu afrika unyembezi waziwa kakhulu ngencwadi ayibhala eyabe yaziwa ngokuthi inkinsela yasemgungundlovu eyaba yisasa elikhulu yaze yaphendulwa umdlalo womoya kanye nowamabonakude unyembezi wazalelwa endaweni yasebabanango emelmoth enyakatho nekwazulu natali ngokokuzalwa ungowesibili kubafowabo abane wafunda amabanga akhe aphansi ezikoleni ezisefilidi kanye nasedriefontein ngasemnambithi waqala ukufunda amabanga aphezulu emariannhill st francis college waqeqeshelwa ubuthisha enuttall training college e edenedale kanye nase adams college e amanzimtoti ngonyaka wezi waqala imfundo ephakeme enyuvesi yase fort hare lapho aphothula khona izifundo ze b a waphasa ngamalengiso ezifundweni zesingisi kanye nesizulu ngonyaka wezi waphothula izifundo zakhe enyuvesi yaseningizimu afrika athola neziqu ze b a ngonyaka wezi waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe enyuvesi yasewitswatersrand wits lapho athola khona i honours yakhe kwi b a ngonyaka wezi wafunda wagogoda waze wathola izifundo zem a emva kokuphothula izifundo zobuthisha waqala ukufundisa esikoleni samabanga aphezulu esibizwa ngokuthi newcastle secondary school emva kokuphothula izifundo zakhe ewits wakhethwa njengomsizi wezezilimi kuyo lenyuvesi emnyangweni wezifundo zase afrika department of african studies ngonyaka wezi kusukela ngonyaka wezi kuya kowezi unyembezi wabe engumfundisi lecturer enyuvesi yasewits lapho ayefundisa khona ulimi lwesizulu kanye nesixhosa ngonyaka wezi emva kokuthola i m a waqokwa ukuba ngusolwazi kanye nomphathi womnyango webantu languages enyuvesi yase fort hare lesi sikhundla wasibamba kwaze kwaba ngunyaka wezi lapho esula khona ngenxa yemithetho kahulumeni wobandlululo eyabe inengcindezi kwimfundo yama afrika abanye esula nabo sikhundleni efort hare kubalwa u ambrose phahle ethena mayisele kanye no selbourne ngcobo ngonyaka wezi unyembezi wathola umsebenzi enkampanini yabashicileli emgungundlovu eyaziwa ngokuthi i shuter and shooter lapho aba khona ngumhleli omkhulu wezilimi zama afrika ngonyaka wezi wajoyina ibhodi kuyo lenkampani ngonyaka wezi wajoyina ibhodi le kwazulu booksellers lapho adlalo khona indima enkulu ekushintshweni kwegama kuyiwe kwelithi reach out publishers ngonyaka wezi wajoyina ibhodi lenhlangano yabashicileli eyaziwa ngokuthi i the natal witness lapho aphatha khona kwaze kwaba isikhathi sokuthi adlule emhlabeni njengendoda eyabe igqamile kwezonkolo wabe engumongameli esigungwini sendzodelelo yebandla lamaweseli wayephinde abe ngomunye wabasunguli be edendale lay ecumenical centre imisebenzi kanyembezi ifaka phakathi amanoveli izinkondlo ubuciko bomlomo ucwaningo izichazimazwi kanye nohlelo lolimi ngonyaka wezi kwatholaka ukuthi unesifo solwembu lwengqondo akazange aze alulame emva kwalokho wadlula emhlabeni mhla zingama kunhlangulana wezi wadlula emhlabeni washiya unkosikazi wakhe kanye nabantwana bakhe abane ngonyaka wezi ibhilidi elisemgungungundlovu elabe libizwa ngokuthi isesymonds centre lashintshwa igama labizwa ngokuthi usolwazi sibusiso nyembezi centre ukuhlonipha imisebenzi yakhe unyembezi uyohlezi ekhunjulwa ngegalelo aba nalo ekuthuthukiseni ulimi lwesizulu imilolozelo lolu wuhlobo lwezinkondlo olwalusetshenziswa kakhulu abagadi babantwana abazanyana noma omama babantwana uma bethulisa ingane ekhalayo befuna ukuthi izele ilale ihlukane nokukhala bayayilolozela futhi nalapho iphatheke kabi iningi lemilozelo liyaculwa kanti eminye iyashiwo nje ngomlomo kulandelwe isigqi esifanayo esiphindaphindwayo esenza umntwana olalele ezwe esefikelwa ubuhongo ikhona eminye imilolozelo esetshenziswa nje noma kungalaliswa umntwana kukuhle nje kujatshuliwe noma kudlalwa ububumnadi bale nkondlo bulele esigqini sayo esingaguquki esibelezelayo lolu hlobo lwenkondlo aluqukethe umqondo ojulile kepaha ubuhle bayo bulele esiqgini samazwi ayo nasebumtotini bezwi lomzanyana nasi isibonelo somlolozelo thula mntwana thula mntwana mus ukukhala umam akekho uzofika duduzel umntwana lo unani wenontombi duduzel umntwana lo thula mntwana thula nanana inkalane ilatin aloe arborescens noma umhlabane uhlobo lwesihlahla olubizwa ngokuthi inhlaba esimila kwazulu natali empumalanga kanye nase limpopo esisetshenziswa ngabalephi bendabuko ukwelapha lesi sihlahla sinamahlamvu amade aqinile aluhlaza cwe acijile emachosheni uma sekusondele ubusika ngenyaka kanhlaba kuze kube nguntulikazi lesi sihlahla sikhipha izimbali ezinombala okhangayo lezi zimbali zinebala egqmile okubalwa kuyo obomvu kanye nophuze kanti zithandwa kakhulu izinyosi kanye nezinyoni ngoba zithanda umpe oluthokala kulezi zimbali   lesi sihlahla sihlahla sisetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo ezingi ebantwini kanye nasezilwaneni amahlamvu enhlaba ayagaywa bese ephuziswa lowo onesisu esibuhlungu amahamvu agayuwe abuye anikezwe izinkukhu ukuzivikel a ezifweni ezinigi amahlamvu alesi sihlahla abuye asetshenziswe ukulapha amathole omunye umsebenzi obalulekile walesi isishlahla ukulapha isikhumba somuntu oshile   imfundo eshayina iyinqubo yemfundo eqhutshwa wumbuso kanti ingaphansi khwehhovisi likangqongqoshe wezemfundo zonke izakhamizi kumele ziye esikoleni iminyaka eyisishagalolunye eyeziwa njengemfundo ephoqelelayo kanti futhi ithola imali evela kuhulumeni le nqubo ibandakanya iimfundo yeprayimari eqala lapho izingane zineminyaka eyisithupha noma eyisikhombisa kanye neminyaka emithathu yemfundo yezinga eliphansi lesekondari isikole esiphakathi naphakathi kwiminyaka engu ukuya kwengu amanye amaprovinsi anemfundo yeprayimari yeminyaka emihlanu kodwa iminyaka emine yenziwa esikoleni esiphakathi naphakathi ngemuva kokuqeda imfundo yesikole esiphakathi naphakathi kuneminyaka emithathu yesikole esiphakeme esibandakanya imfundo yesekondari ihhovisi likangqongqoshe wezemfundo libika ukuthi cishe kunokungenwa kwesikole kwezinga elingamaphesente angu esikoleni seprayimari kanti amaphesente angu esikole esiphakathi naphakathi imithetho elawula inqubo yemfundo ibandakanya ukulawulwa kwama academic degrees imfundo yezomthetho ephoqelelayo ebizwa i compulsory education law umthetho wezothisha teachers law umthetho wezemfundo education law umthetho wokufundela imisebenzi ethile ie law on vocational education kanye nomthetho wemfundo ephakeme i law on higher education bheka futhi ku law of the people s republic of china njengoba i shanghai kanye ne hong kong zingezinye zezindawo zemfundo esebenza ngeqophelo eliphezulu kakhkulu kunamanye amazwe kuhlolo lwamazwe omhlaba lwe programme for international student assessment inqubo yemfundo eshayina inconywa kakhulu ngobunzulu nokugxila kwayo   kanye nokugcizelela ekufundeni ngekhanda ukulungiselela ama test okwaziwa ngokuthi yi rote memorization kanye nokulungiselelela ama test ukusukela ekupheleni kwerivolushini yezamasiko i cultural revolution inqubo yemfundo yaseshayina ilokhu ihlala ihlose nokuqikelela ukuguqula umnotho ukuthi  ube ngowesimanje economic modernization i ghiencongnghe net iyiwebhusayithi enakekela izindaba zobuchwepheshe ezidumile evietnam  ngenxa yokuqhubeka yokuqhubeka kokuhlelwa kabusha kwezinto okubizwa ngokuthi yi intraparty realignments umgomo wangokosiko ubuhlala uqhathaniswa nezinto ezibonwa zibalulekile ngokulandela i idiyoloji kanye nezinto ezibalulekile ngokulandela izinto ezibambekayo nezibonelela ukusubenzeka kwezinto emizameni yekuqhubela phambili intuthukko kazwelonke kodwa ukulandela i idiyoloji inkinga wukuthi kuhlala kunokuphambana phakathi kokubonelela izinto ezisebenzisekayo neziwusizo ngokwesimo kanye ne idiyoloji ngakolunye uhlangothi kodw ainqubekela phambili enkulu eyayibizws angokuthi yi the great leap forward kanye nentshukumo yemfundo yesoshalizimi ebizwa ngokuthi yi socialist education movement yaqikelela ukuqeda inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yi academic elitism ukuze kuvalwe igebe kwezenhlalisano nezendabuko okubizwa ngokuthi yi narrow social and cultural gaps phakathi kwabasebenzi abaphila ngokulima emakhaya abaziwa ngokuthi ama peasant kanye naphakathi kwabantu basemadolobheni nasemakhaya kanye nokuqeda umkhuba wokuthi izifundiswa ezizaziwa ngokuthi ama scholars kanye nabasebenza ngemisebenzi yezingqondo ama intellectuals babukele phansi umsebenzi owenziwa ngezandla obizwa ngokuthi yi manual labor ngesikhathi senqubo yentshukumo eyaziwa ngokuthi yi cultural revolution kwaba nokuqikelelwa kakhulu ukuthi kube nenqubo yokulingana eyaziwa ngokuthi yi social equality phakathi kwabantu le nqubo yiyo eyabonwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu nokumele kuqalwe ngayo ukwenziwa ubuholi bangemuva komholi wangaphambili u mao zedong chinese communist party babona imfundo njengesisekelo sokuqala semikhakha eminye yenqubo yesimodeni eyayibizwa njenge four modernizations ngeminyaka yoma imfundo yesayense netheknoloji yagxiliswa kakhulu ekubalulekeni kumgomo wemfundo ngonyaka ka ukuqeqeshwa kwamabasebenzi kumakhono okunabisa ulwazi lwesayense nobuthekniki kwabekelwa ezingeni eliphezulu nelibaluleke kakhulu ngisho noma umkhakha we humanities nawo wabonwa ubalulekile kodwa amakhono okuqeqeshelwa imisebenzi kanye namakhono atheknikhali nawo abekwa ezingeni eliphezulu nelibalulekile kwizinhloso zokwenza ishayini libe yizwe lenqubo yesimodeni ukuhlelwa kwabusha kwezinto ezibalulekile nokumele zenziwe kuqala kwezemfundo kwaba yisu eliphambili likadeng xiaoping ukwenzela intuthuko yezomnotho kwagxilwa kakhulu nakuqeqesho oluqhubekela phambili lwalabo ababevele sebefundile ukuze baqhubele phambili inqubo yokwenza izinto ngendlela yesimodeni kwiminyaka ezayo ukugcizelela kakhulu kwisayense yesimodeni netheknoloji kwenza ukuthi kwamukelwe ukusukela ngonyaka ka umgomo owawubonelela okuvela kwamanye amazwe aphesheya lokhu okwakhuthaza ukuthi kufundwe kanye nokuboleka izinqubo nezinto zamazwe angaphandle ukuqhubela kakhulu kwizinga eliphezulu ezoqeqesho kwimikhakha yezesayense the post mao zedong chinese communist party leadership viewed education as the foundation of the four modernizations in the early s science and technology education became an important focus of education policy by training skilled personnel and expanding scientific and technical knowledge had been assigned the highest priority although the humanities were considered important vocational and technical skills were considered paramount for meeting china s modernization goals the reorientation of educational priorities paralleled deng xiaoping s strategy for economic development emphasis also was placed on the further training of the already educated elite who would carry on the modernization program in the coming decades renewed emphasis on modern science and technology led to the adoption beginning in of an outward looking policy that encouraged learning and borrowing from abroad for advanced training in a wide range of scientific fields ekuqaleni kwengqungquthela yawo wonke amalunga yesithathu third plenum yekhongrese yeshumi nanye kazwelonke yekomidi lesikhungu esiphezulu i central committee ngodisemba ka izifundiswa zakhuthazwa ukuthi zenze ucwaningo research   olusekela imikhakha emine yenqubo yesimodeni inqaba nje uma belandela izimiso ezisemqoka ezine ezazaziwa ngokuthi ama four cardinal principles lezi zifundiswa zazinikezwa inkululeko kodwa inhlangano yamakhomanisi kanye nohulumeni yibo ababebeka imikhawulo yalezo zimiso ezisemqoka ezine ezibalulekile kodwa futhi uma bebena ukuthi ucwaningo aluhlangabezana nalezo zimiso babekwazi ukulumisa lolo cwaningo beginning at the third plenum of the eleventh national party congress central committee in december intellectuals were encouraged to pursue research in support of the four modernizations and as long as they complied with the party s four cardinal principles they were given relatively free rein but when the party and the government determined that the strictures of the four cardinal principles had been stretched beyond tolerable limits they did not hesitate to restrict intellectual expression ezemibhalo ye literature kanye neze arts le mikhakha nayo yavuselelwa kakhulu ngeminyaka yoma kanye noma imibhalo yamandulo nayo yavuselelwa futhi kanti futhi nezinye izinhlobo zemibhalo ye literature nezamasiko zangaphandle nazo zavunyelwa ukuze zifakelwe kwinqubo yale mibhalo literature and the arts also experienced a great revival in the late s and s traditional forms flourished once again and many new kinds of literature and cultural expression were introduced from abroad ukusukela ngonyaka ka izikhungo zemfundo kakhulumeni yeprayimari kanye namasekondari ezinga eliphansi junior high lezi zikole eshayina zinabafundi abangama miliyoni ukusukela ngeminyaka yoma ishayini ihlinzeka ngemfundo ephoqelelayo yeminyaka eyisishagalolunye kubantu abayisibalo sengxenye yokunye kokuhlanu uma kuqhathaniswa nesibalo sabantu bomhlaba wonke ngonyaka ka imfundo yeprayimari ibisiyinto eyande kakhulu endaweni engu yezwe laseshayina kanti futhi imfundo ephoqelelayo yeminyaka eyisishagalolunye manje isiyongamele inani labantu abangu baseshayina kanti uhulumeni kazwelonke kanye nohulumeni bamaprovinsi bahlinzeka ngemali yemfundo kodwa izinga lokuhlinzeka ngemali liyehlukahluka kwiprovinsi neprovinsi kanti futhi ukuhlinzekwa ngemali yemfundo kusezingeni eliphansi kunezindawo zomasipala basemadolobheni imindeni nayo kumele ixhase kwimali ekhishwa nguhulumeni yemfundo lokhu okusho ukuthi ezinye izingane imali ephansi kodwa abazali bayithathela phezulu imfundo lokhu okwenza ukuthi bazinikele kakhulu ekuxhaseni ezemfundo ngisho noma bengenamali kahle futhi bathumela izingane zabo esikoleni ukuyofinyelela eyunivesithi izinga lokungafundi ezinganeni ukuya kwabadadlana lehle kakhulu ukusukela kumaphesenti angu ukuya kumaphesenti amahlanu inqubo yemfundo iqeqeshe abantu abanamaprofeshini abangamamliyoni angu kwimikhakha yamaprofeshini aphakathi naphakathi ukuya kumkhakha ophezulu kanti cishe abasebenzi abangamamiliyoni angu nabo baqeqeshiwe ukufinyelela kwizinga lemfundo yesikole ephezulu namuhla eshayina abantu abangu miliyoni eshayina bathola imfundo yamazinga amathathu esikole okusho izinga lesikole le elementary ijunior kanye nesenior lokhu okuphinde kabili izinga lokunyuka kwezemfundo uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe omhlaba ukungena isikole kwenyuka kwafinyelela amapesenti angu kanti esikole sezinga eliphezulu khona kufinyelela amapesenti angu izinga lemfundo eshayina liya ngokwenaba kakhulu eminyakeni elishumi eyedlule iziqu ze mba zazingekho kodwa ngonyaka ka kwase kunabantu abangu abaneziqu ze mba ababeqeqeshwe kwizikhungo ezingu abantu abaningi benza izicelo zokuthola amakhwalifikheshini amaprofeshini kumazwe omhlaba ukwenza iziqu ze emba ne mpa cishe kunabafundi abangu ababhalisele iziqu ze mpa ezikhungweni ezingu zemfundo ephakeme ezibandakanya i peking university kanye ne tsinghua university imakethe yezemfundo inyuke ngezinga nesivinini esiphezulu kanti uqeqesho nokuhlolwa kwamakhwalifikheshini amaprofeshini kuphezulu kanti ukuqeqeshwa ngamakhompyutha kanye nolwazi lwezilimi zangaphandle yinto esezingeni eliphezulu imfundo eqhubekela phambili yinto eyenzeka kakhulu ngokuvamile kanti abantu bafuna ukufunda izimpilo zabo bonke since the s china has been providing a nine year compulsory education to what amounts to a fifth of the world s population by primary school education had become generalized in of china and mandatory nine year compulsory education now effectively covered of the population while the central and provincial governments provide some funding for education this varies from province to province and funding in the rural areas is notably lower than in major urban municipalities families must supplement money provided to school by government with tuition fees which means that some children have much less however parents place a very high value on education and make great personal sacrifices to send their children to school and to university illiteracy in the young and mid aged population has fallen from over percent down to five percent the system trained some million mid or high level professionals and near million laborers to junior or senior high school level today million chinese get three levels of school education elementary junior and senior high school doubling the rate of increase in the rest of the world during the same period net elementary school enrollment has reached percent and the gross enrollment rate in junior high schools percent china s educational horizons are expanding ten years ago the mba was virtually unknown but by there were mbas trained at mba schools many people also apply for international professional qualifications such as emba and mpa close to mpa students are enrolled in schools of higher learning including peking university and tsinghua university the education market has rocketed with training and testing for professional qualifications such as computer and foreign languages thriving continuing education is the trend once in one s life schooling has become lifelong learning ukusebenzisana nokuxhumana namazwe angahandle kwezemfundo kuya kunyuka ngezinga eliphezulu minyaka yonke izwe laseshayina linabafundi abaningi abafunda kumazwe angaphandle ukusukela ngonyaka ka kube nabafundi abangu baseshayina abafunda kumzwe angu kanye namarijini kanti kulelinani abangu babuyele eshayina ngemuva kwezifundo zabo inani labafundi bamanye amazwe abafunda eshayina nabo linyukile ngonyaka ka bekunabafundi bamanye amazwe abangu abavela kumazwe angu ababefunda kumayunivesithi aseshayina utshalomali kwezemfundo lunyukile eminyakeni eyedlule izinga lemali efakelwe kwezemfundo lenyuke ngephesenti elilodwa kunyaka nonyaka ukusukela ngo ngokulandela uhlelo lukangqongqoshe wezemfundo uhulumeni uzosungula inqubo yezezimali ngokuhambisana nenqubo yezimali zomphakathi ukuqinisa indima yohulumeni kuyo yonke imikhakha yotshalomali lwemfundo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwabiwa kwezimali kwezemfundo kukhula kakhulu ngesivinini ukudlula ingeniso lemali evamile uhlelo lubeka nenhloso kahulumeni yotshalomali kwimfundo nokuthi kumele kube ngezinga lamaphesenti amane e gdp ngesikhathi esifishane kwimfundo engaphoqelelele ishayina yamukele inqubo yokuthi kwabelwane ngenkokhelo ukukhokhisa imali yokufunda ngamaphesenti athile ezindleko kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abafundi bemindeni eyeswele bakwazi ukufinyelela kwimfundo ephakeme uhulumeni uqale izindlela ezibambekayo zokusiza ngemigomo kanye nezinqubo zama scholarship izinhlelo zokufunda abantu bebebesebenza ukuphungulelwa inkokhelo yokufunda ama subsidy kubafundi abanobunzima kwezezimali kanye nokuthi abanye bangakhokhi kanye nokuthola imixhaso kahulumeni ukusebenzisana kwamazwe omhlaba kanye nokushintshisana kwezemfundo kuyenyuka unyaka nonyaka izwe laseshayina linabafundi basemayunivesithi namakholishi abafunda kumazwe aphesheya abaningi ukudlula amanye amazwe ukusukela ngo kube nabafundi bamashayina abangu abafunda kumazwe angu kanye namarijini okanti inani elingu labo babuyela eshayina lapho beqede ukufunda izifundo zabo inani labafundi bangaphandle abafunda eshayina nalo lenyuke ngokushesha ngonyaka ka kwakunabafundi abangaphezulu kwenani lika ababuye kumazwe angu ababefunda emayunivesithi aseshayina investment in education has increased in recent years the proportion of the overall budget allocated to education has been increased by one percentage point every year since according to a ministry of education program the government will set up an educational finance system in line with the public finance system strengthen the responsibility of governments at all levels in educational investment and ensure that their financial allocation for educational expenditure grows faster than their regular revenue the program also set out the government s aim that educational investment should account for four percent of gdp in a relatively short period of time uhulumeni uzimisele ukwenyusa izinga lemfundo kakhulu njengoba kubonakala kubufakazi bohlelo lwemfundo lukangqongqoshe lwango kubantu abangu wabantu abangu bazobe benemfundo digri yezinga lokuqala lekholishi noma ngaphezulu kwalo kanti abangu bazobe benemfundo yesikole sezinga eliphezulu izinga labantu abangakwazi ukufunda nokubhala lizokwehla ngamaphesenti amathathu kanti inani labangena isikole lizokwenyuka uusukela eminyakeni ayisishagalombili uuya kwiminyaka engu king edward masinga owayebuye aziwe ngokuthi shobane ka mangethe abuye azinwe ngokuthi umfana wekheshi wabe enguthisha owaphenduka owom afrika wokuqala ukwethula izinhlelo izinhlelo emsakazweni emlandweni waseningizimu afrika umasinga ungomunye wabasakazi bokuqala ukusakaza esiteshini sesizulu asabe saziwa ngokuthi i radio zulu ngaphandle kokusakaza wayebuye abe ngumqambi wamaculo ayewabhala ngolimi lwesizulu wayebuye abe ngumbhidisi weqembu lomculo ikwaya alabe lisungulwe nguye ukuze licule amaculo ayewaqambile umasinga wazalelwa endaweni yasendaweni yasemzumbe ngonyaka wezi wazalwa ngabazali abangamakholwa amakhrestu ngenxa yokugejana kwamsiko esizulu kanye nenkolo yobu khrestu ubaba wakhe owabe engumakhi wezindelu kwamphoqa ukuba abaleke endweni ayehlala kuyo ukuze abe yisithunywa senkolo wazinza emzumbe lapho ayeshumayela aphinde afundise ngenkolo yobukhrestu kwathi lapho k e masinga eseniminyaka eyisi waqala welusa izimbuzi kanye nezinkomo zikayise lomsebenzi wabe ewuqala ngehora lesi ekuseni ngovivi njalo kwakuthi ngehora lesi adle is isidlo sasekuseni okwakuba ngumdokwe aphinde abuyele ukuyobheka izinkomo nezimbuzi kwakuthi njalo ngehora lesithathu ntambama alibangise esikoleni kwathi eseneminyaka engama uyise wadlula emhlabeni lapho umndeni wakhe waphoqeleka ukuba uthuthele endaweni yasenanda umndeni usuthuthele endaweni yasenanda umasinga waqala ukufunda esikoleni esasungulwa ngu mfu john dube nowakwakhe unokutela dube esibizwa ngokuthi ohlange institute umama wakhe wayebaba amatoho ukuze akwazi ukuthi akahokhele imfundo yakhe umama wakhe owaneminyaka engama wabemaba amatoho okuwasha izingubo abuye athole amatoho owkulima emasimini yena wadlula emhlabeni eseneminyaka engama umasinga waqeda ohlange institute wabe sedlulela e adams college lapho afunda khona umatikuletsheni kanye neziqu zobuthisha emva kokuthola isitifiketi sakhe sobuthisha waqala ukusebenza njengothuisha waze wagcina esenguthisha omkhulu kwathi ngonyaka we eseneminyaka engama wabe esefunaka ukushintsha umsebenzi wobuthisha efuna ukwenza into ehlukile kwasekusele izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokuthis kushaye ukhisimusi lapho umasinga ezihambela emgwaqeni owabe waziwa ngokuthi u aliwal street edolobheni lasethekwini wadlula ibhilidie elabe libizwa ngokuth ise african broadcasting studios ngaphandle kwaleli bhilidi kwabe kukhona onogada abamutshela igama lebhilidi nokuthi izindlu zokusakaza nabuye bamtshela ukuthi abekho abangama afrika abasebenza khona ngaphandela kwabenza itiye naba hlanza ibhilidi nebala umasinga wangena ngaphakithi kwaleli bhilii wafike wakhuluma nomphathi wakhona lapha uhugh tracy uhugh tracy waqala wangabaza ukumqasha njengoba wabe engum afrika ofundile emva kokuxoxa isikhashana uhugh wawabona ukutji isikhala som afrika ofundile sabe sikhona emsakazweni okuyilapho amqasha khona ukuba azokwethula izinhlelo ngolimi lwesizulu ngalo lolo suku ngehora lesi umasinga waqopha umlando ngokuthi abe ngu afrika wokuqala ukuthi asakaze umbiko wezindaba ngesizulu emsakazweni abantu babengakukholwa lokhu ababekuzwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi walandelwa ngamanye amavulindela kwezomsakazo okubalwa kuwo ohubert sishi kanye noguybon mpanza bobathathu bagcina sebaziwa ngokuthi i the threesome ngonyaka wezi umasinga wamenywa uhulumeni wasemelika ukuba izinyanga ezimbili ukuyofunda ngezikaqedisizungu kanye nokuthi azokhuluma kabanzi ngomculo wesizu ngonyaka wezi waphinde wamenywa ukuba azokwethula inkulumo kwi african literary committe ngaso lesi sikhathi umasinga wahumusha imidlalo eayabe ibhalwe ngu willian shakespere eyabe ibhalwe ngesingisi wayihumshela esizulwini mhla zi kunhlangulana wangonyaka we umskakazo wesizulu wasungulwa umasinga waba ngabakuqala ukusakaza kuwo lomsakazo owabe ubizwa ngokuthi i radio bantu ngonyaka wezi igama lalomsakazo laguqulwa labizwa ngokuthi i radio zulu ngenxa yemithetho yobandluluo eyabe ikhona ngalesi sikhathi muasinga nabanye abasakazi uhulumeni wabe ebaqaphe ngeso lokhozi konke ababakusho emsakazweni ngalokhu kwakumele bawakhethe amagama abo emoyeni okungenjalo umsebenzi wabe uzophela washiya phansi umsebenzi esiteshini somphakathi eseneminyaka engama ngonyaka we kodwa waphinde waqashwa kabusha kwa sabc lapho aqhubeka nokusakaza waze wadlula emhlabeni umasinga washada izikhathi eziyi kuyo leyomishado wathola amadodakazi amahlanu wonke amadodakazi akhe ayehlala na naye wabe enemithetho eqinile kiwo amadodakazi akhe negankathi esakhula kodwa wabe ungubaba onamahlaya ehlezi eneme futhi ehlezi ewahayela izinkondlo amadodakazi akhe ngoba wabe ungumuntu ozikhululekele futhi wabe ekhonzile ukukhuluma ngalokhu wayehlezi emenywa emicimbini kanye nasemishadweni eminingi ukuzokwethula izinkulumo kuyo leyomicimbi wabe engazilungiseleli izinkulumo wayevele ahlale endabeni wayekuhkonzile ukucula uma kukhona odlala isigingci umasinga wabe eyigcokama wayebonaka ngedlela ayagqoka ngayo wabe e igceke lomuzi wakhe owabe usendaweni yaselamontville wabe unengadi enhle yezimbali ngoba ukutshala nokulungisela izimbali kwabe kuyinto ayikhonze kakhulu eseneminyaka engama umasinga waqalwa isifo esamhlasela emehlweni lapho ahlinzwa khona izikhathi eziningi nokwaholela ekutheni agcine engasaboni uk e masinga wadlula emhlabeni eseneminyaka engama ngonyaka we umgwaqo wasedolobheni lasethekwini owabe ubizwa ngokuthi u old fort road waguqulwa wabizwa ngokuthi uk e masinga road ukuhlonipha leqhawe kwezomsakazo ukhozi fm lunezindondo ezibizwa ngokuthi amaqhawe okhozi achiever awards kulezindondo indondo ephezulu kunazo zonke iqanjwe ngaleli qhawe ukhozi fm noma isafa yiyona nhlangano kazwelonke yebhola eningizimu afrika i safa yasungulwa ngo i south african football association iyona eyesibili yebhola le football association eningizimu afrika ezobizwa ngokuthi iningizimu afrika yenhlangano yenhlangano yebhola yaseningizimu afrika futhi iyinhlangano yesibili yebhola e south africa ukuze ihlanganyele nefifa usuku lwamanje isouth african football association ngokungafani nalokho okushiwo ngaphambili livumela ithimba likazwelonke elihlangene i safa idluliselwe kufifa ngo kanti iqembu layo eliphakeme liye lamelela iningizimu afrika e afrika cup of nations kanye nendebe yomhlaba yefifa ngesikhathi sesafa njengenhlangano yebhola ehambisana nefifa iningizimu afrika nayo yenze izinhlelo eziningi zecosafa cup i africa cup of nations kanye nendebe yomhlaba ka yefifa i south african football association inesibopho sokuphatha amaqembu ebhola lebhola laseningizimu afrika abesilisa nabesifazane kanye nengxenye yesithathu nangaphansi kwesouth african football league i premier soccer league ilawula izingxenye ezimbili eziphezulu nokuncintisana kwamakhophi amaningi ngokulandela amazinga abekwe ngabe international standard classification of education isced imfundo eyisisekelo iqukethe izigaba ezimbili okuyimfundo yeprayimari kanye nemfundo yesikondari yebanga eliphansi imfundo eyisisekelo kwaxoxwa ngayo kakhulu kwidokhumende yonyaka ka ye isced kodwa ithemu lalingabandakanyiwe kwiglasari izwe nezwe litolika ithemu ngezindlela ezehlukile kanti ukuya kunyaka ka lerivishini kwaba nephepha lengxoxo elakhishwa ukuzama ukucacisa kumazwe amaningi i isced ihambisana nemfundo kazwelonke yeprayimari ebese kanti imfundo eyisisekelo yona ibandakanye i isced okuyimfundo yebanga eliphansi lesekondari izinga elisezansi lesekondari kwamanye amazwe lapho khona kungekho ukwehlukaniswa kweprayimari kanye nezinga elisezansi lesekondari imfundo eyisekelo ibandakanya sonke isikhathi semfundo yesikole ephoqelelayo ngezizathu zamastatistiki i isced ithathwa njengeminyaka yesithupha yokuqala yesikole universal basic education is regarded as a priority for developing countries and is the focus of the education for all movement led by unesco it is also included in the millennium development goals as goal number achieve universal primary education by an extensive number of studies have proven its benefits for public health e g lower spread of hiv aids better vaccination prevention and medication of disease better nutrition lower maternal infant and child mortality demography e g longer life expectancy accelerated demographic transition through better birth control and the economy e g increased purchase power increased productivity in traditional sectors increased demand on service sectors other benefits although more difficult to measure include a beneficial impact on democracy human rights governance and political stability through increased understanding of non violent ways to solve problems and mutual understanding between groups in conflict the convention on the rights of the child crc established by unicef in protects children s inalienable rights by setting standards for multiple issues one of which is education gender equality in education has traditionally been narrowly equated with gender parity at different levels of formal education gender has been a traditional factor of inequality and disparity in education most often to the disadvantage of girls and women yet there has been significant progress in narrowing the gap around the world since with a larger proportion of girls and women accessing different levels of formal education indeed gender parity in primary education has been achieved in central and eastern europe central asia east asia and the pacific latin america and the caribbean north america and western europe in addition significant progress has been made since in narrowing the gender gap particularly in south and west asia and to a lesser degree in sub saharan africa and the arab states however despite the significant progress made the majority of out of school children are girls while two thirds of youth and adults with low levels of literacy in the world are women to help ensure women s empowerment boys and men must also be engaged in the fight against gender inequality this must begin with basic education u headman unksongelwa shabalala okthoba disemba wayeyilungu leladysmith black mambazo iqembu lomculo wesicathimaya laseningizimu afrika elasungulwe futhi liholwa ngumfowabo ujoseph shabalala u headman wazalelwa eladysmith emnambithi futhi wakhula nabafowabo ujoseph jockey enoch makhosini noben ngonyaka we wajoyina iqembu lokuqala lomfowabo ujoseph futhi waba yilungu elicgcwele eceleni komfowabo u enoch kanye nomzala wakhe kanye nezihlobo zakhe ukuhlabelela njengomsindo we bass u headman wanezela umsindo kumaculo azofana nomculo weqembu amahlumela aphansi kanye nezikhukhula kanye nokukhala kokuchofoza namuhla bazwakala ngurussel mthembu nosibongiseni shabalala ngokulandelana ekuqaleni kwawo i ladysmith black mambazo yayidume emhlabeni kabanzi ngomhla ka disemba ngesikhathi ehamba ekhaya evela emndenini wabantu kwazulu natali u headman wadutshulwa wabulawa ngumqaphi omhlophe ongekho emsebenzini ekubulaweni okubangelwa ngokobuhlanga ukubulawa kuka headman kuboniswe engoma ethi emhlabeni wonke yiqembu adam again ku album yabo dig utito titus mboweni ngondasa ngungqongqoshe wezezimali eningizimu afrika umboweni wayengumbusi wesishiyagalombili webhange lombuso laseningizimu afrika i south african reserve bank kanye nomuntu wokuqala omnyama waseningizimu afrika ukuba abambe lesi sikhundla ufungiswe ukuba ngungqongqoshe wezezimali waseningizimu afrika mhla zi kumfumfu emva kokumemezelwa kukangqongqoshe unhlanhla nene ukuthi unene uye wavakashela umndeni wakwagupta onegama elibi ngokwenkohlakalo umboweni njengamanje ilunga lemboweni brothers investment holdings kanye nomeluleki wamazwe omhlaba wegoldman sachs international uqokwe njengomqondisi ongeyena wesigungu esiphethe sabaqondisi weningizimu afrika ebhange lentuthuko elisha ibhange lentuthuko ye brics ongomncane kubantwana abathathu utito mboweni wazalwa ngo ndasa wakhulela etzaneen esifundazweni sasetransvaal ngaleso sikhathi waya enyuvesi yasenyakatho phakathi kwe ne lapho abhalisela khona ukufundela iziqu ze bachelor of commerce akazange aphethe izifundo zakhe lapho futhi washiya iningizimu afrika ukuba waya ekudingisweni ngo ngesikhathi esekudingisweni elesotho wajoyina i african national congress anc iqembu elibusayo laseningizimu afrika futhi wayengumgqugquzeli weqembu ngamakhono amaningi wathola isitifiketi se bachelor of arts i honors equivalent kwezezimali kanye nesayensi yezombangazwe evela ku national university of lesotho ngo ngo wathola i master of arts degree kwi development economics evela enyuvesi yase east anglia engilandi utito mboweni wayengunqongqoshe wezamisebenzi kusukela ngomeyi kuya kujulayi kukhabhinethi yaseningizimu afrika unelson mandela ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakhe njengongqongqoshe wezemisebenzi wayeyisekela lomnyango wezemnotho we anc umele i anc emaqenjini amaningana asekhaya nasemaphandleni utito mboweni wayeyilungu lekomidi likazwelonke le anc eliphethe kanye namakomiti okusebenza akwazulu kanye nosihlalo wekomidi eliphethe lekomidi lezokuthuthukiswa komnotho elihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubomgomo zezomnotho ze anc ngesikhathi engungqongqoshe wezemisebenzi umboweni obengumakhi wezomthetho waseningizimu afrika wokuqeda umsebenzi wobandlululo waba omunye wezomnotho womhlaba wonke abaholi bomhlaba ngo ngo utito mboweni waqokwa njengenhloko yomnyango wezepolitiki we anc owawuphethe izinqubomgomo ze anc ngemuva kokujoyina ibhange lesouth african reserve wasula zonke izikhundla zakhe ezikhethiwe ku anc wajoyina ibhange lombuso laseningizimu afrika ngontulikazi we njengomeluleki kumbusi nge ncwaba we walandela udokotela chris stals njengombusi webhange bhange lombuso ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwakhe waqokwa njengoprofesa ohloniphekile wezomnotho enyuvesi yaseningizimu afrika ngo kuya ku inyuvesi yasenatali yanikeza umbusi izinga lobudokotela wezomnotho i honoris causa i degree yazinikezwa ngo umbusi waphinde wakhethwa ukuba kukhansela wenyuvesi yasenyakatho ntshona futhi wabekwa njengeshansela ngo febhuwari iyunivesithi yasestellenbosch yamminkeza isikhungo sokuhlonishwa njengoprofessor extraordinary in economics zi kumbasa we kuya kwa kundasa we isikole sebhizinisi lase asiya laqoka umboweni ebhodini lababaphathi nge walandelwa ngugill marcus owafaka esikhundleni sakhe njengombusi nge lwezi we mhla zi kumfumfu we umboweni umenyezelwe ngumongameli ucyril ramaphosa njengongqongqoshe wezezimali weriphabhlikhi yaseningizimu afrika ngokushesha elandela ukuyeka kulesi sikhundla kukanhlanhla nene ukucela imvula leli isiko alebe lenziwa lapho lomise kakhulu imvulaingabonwa isikhathi eside kwakushaywa izinkomo ezimnyama zodwa ziyiswe kuguqabadele owayesanyanaga nguye kuphela owabe ukunisa izulu wayefika uguqabadele azibulale izinkomo emva kwalokho wonke amadoda abefuka kuye aguqe ashaye uhobo khona sekunjalo uguqabadele wayeuska akhulume nomvelinqangi acele imvula athi angaqeda ke livuke ibandla liyokudla inyama yezinkomo ezimnyama emva kwaloko kuthiwa izulu lina kakhulu ngaphandle kukuthi licelwe kuguqabadele izulu lalibuye licelwe futhi nasezinyangeni zendawo kwezinye izindawo kwabe kuhutshwa amahubo akwazulu kuphume nezingane zichwaye zithi we khulukhulwana we khulukhulwana aline izulu yimi engazalwa kuqala kuhtiwa nempela lalina enye indlela yokucela imvula yilapho kwakuyiwa khona kwamabelemade kuthiwa lenkosikasi kwakungumjantshi abanye babethi lo nkosikazi unamabele amane kepha beqinisa ngokuthi mabili kodwa made umabelemade wayehlala enyakatho ntilasifali kwakufika amadoda eqhuba izinkomo beses emzini kmabalemade kubaswa umlilo omkhulu lomlilo wawubaswa yintombi ezingakaqomi kuthathwe izimvu ezintathu ezimnyama ezingakakhweli zishiswe kuwo lomlilo kuthelwe nomuthi wokunisa izulu kubhuqe intuthu yenyukele phezulu kubuywe lokho obekwenziwa ekhaya kuyokwenziwa entabeni leli siko lalenziwa kubuthene sonke isizwe uqedani dorothy mahlangu wazalwa ngomhla ka meyi ngo  ebethal empumalanga wayengumec wezempilo nenthuthuko yabantu egauteng wesula esikhundleni ngemuva kokuba kukhishwe umbiko ukhishwa ngu ombudsman wezempilo ngesimo sokushona kweziguli ezingu ezazigula ngengqondo kanti lo mbiko wabuye waziwa njengamanyala ezempilo esidimeni waziwa ngokuthi yi the life healthcare esidimeni scandal ube sezikhundleni ezehlkene kuhulumeni wase gauteng ukusukela ngo  ezibandakanya ukba ngumec wezempilo kanti waqokwa kulesi sikhundla phakathi kweminyaka ka kanti futhi wabuyela kulesi sikhundla ngonyaka ka  ukuya kunyaka ka ngisho noma esule esikhundleni sokuba yilungu lesigungu esiphethe  member of executive committee kanye nelungu lesishayamthetho seprovinsi umahlangu uselokhu eyilunga lesigungu esiphethe se anc egauteng uqedani mahlangu wazalwa ngomhla ka  meyi ebethal edolobheni lepulazi empumalanga eningizimu afrika ngemuva kokuqeda iimfundo yesikole sesekondari wakhwalifaya njengotthisha wase eyofundela idiploma ye advanced diploma in economics e university of the western cape futhi phezu kwalokho wayokwenza ikhosi yediploma ephakeme elondon school of economics kanye nohlelo lwediploma ye economics ewilliams college emassachusetts usa wanikezwa i honours degree in economics euniversity of the western cape umahlangu wajoyina i south african youth congress ngeminyaka yoma   kanti emuva kwalokho wajoyina i anc youth league ngeminyaka yokuqala koma waqhubekela phambili kwizikhundla ze anc youth league esezikhundleni ezehlukene ukusukela emagatsheni ukuya emkhakheni kazwelonke ubulunga bakhe baqhubeka busuka ku anc youth league ukuya kwi african national congress waba yilungu ngokuphelele kanti emuva kwalokho waba yilunga lephalamende ngonyaka ka esebenze njengosotshwebhu whip wegauteng ku national council of provinces ngemuva kokhetho lonyaka ka waqokwa ukuba ngusihlalo we select committee on finance ku national council of provinces  isikhundla aba kuso ukufikela ngonyaka ka  usebambe izikhundla kwizakhiwo ze anc ezehlukene ezibandakanya ukuba yilunga lesigungu esiphethe se anc seprovinsi ye gauteng ukusukela ngonyaka ka ukusukela ngonyaka ka ukufikela ngo epreli ka wabekwa ukuba ngomunye wababhekene nokhetho ku anc egauteng kanye nakuzwelonke umahlangu ubekwe njengomxhumanisi we constituency contact endaweni ye kliptown kanye ne midvaal anc constituency offices kwisishayamthetho segauteng provincial legislature umahlangu waqokwa ukuba yilungu lesigungu esiphethe i member of executive council ngo kanti waba kulesi sikhundla esisha sohulumeni bezindawo ukufikela ngonyaka ka  lapho ayengamele khona omasipala kwiprovinsi ngesikhathi ekulesi sikhundla waqala umkhankaso owawubizwa ngokuthi yi operation consolidate owawunenhloso yokuthuthukisa inqubo yezimali zomasipala ngemuva kokuba umcwaningi omkhulu wezimali u auditor general ekhombise ukukhathazeka kakhulu ngokuphathwa komasipala umahlangu wamemezela ukuthi kunqunywe amasevisi kwiminyango kahulumeni weprovinsi kanye neminyango kahulumeni kazwelonke leyo engakhokheli ama rate namassevisi lokhu ekwenzela ukuthuthukisa isimo sokulawula izikweledu emkhakheni womasipala umahlangu watholakala ethinteka kuphenyisiso lweforensiki olwenziwa yifemu ye pasco eyathola ukuthi kube nezitende ezimbili e meyersdal nature estate ezazithengwe nokuthengiswa ngungqongqoshe wohulumeni bezindawo wegauteng ngokusho kwabaphenyisisi beforensiki lokhu kuthengiswa nokuthengwa kwakwenziwe ngenqubo engaqondile irregularly ukhomishina wezobuqotho wesishayamthetho segauteng ujules browde wacelwa yii democratic alliance tukuphenyisisa ngalokhu kuthengiswa kwezitende kanti wathola ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwakwenziwe ngendlela efanele kwenziwa ngu mec umahlangu waqokwa kwiphotfoliyo yokuba yilungu lesigungu esiphethe kwezokuthuthuthukiswa komnotho economic development as a member of executive committee ngo  ngaphansi kukapremiya unomvula mokonyane  ngonyaka ka  wahola ukusungulwa kwama township enterprise hubs esebokeng esharpville ekagiso ekatlehong ewinterveld nase tembisa i hub ne hub yayizohlinzeka ngama automotive cluster services cluster kanye ne light manufacturing cluster   la ma hub emuva kwalokho emukelwa nguhulumeni weprovinsi ngokusetshenziswa kwezimali kuwo ukufinyelela ku webhajethi elinganiselwa urbhiliyoni ye procurement ukuthi uhulumeni athenge kuwo impahla namasevisi kumabhizinisi asemalokishini lokhu kwakuzofinyelelwa ekupheleni konyaka ka phakathi konyaka ka  no umahlangu wasebenza ukusungula inqubo yemitheshwana yolawulo ngamalayisense eyayaziwa ngokuthi yi gauteng liquor regulations on shebeen licences ngokulandela umthetho wezotshwala we gauteng liquor act ngaphansi kwalolu hlaka lomtheshwana wolawulo izimvume zamashebhini isikhundla sazo sasizothathwa ngamlayisense amashebhini amalayisense ayenikezwa yibhodi lezotshwala lasegauteng i gauteng liquor board lolu hlaka lwamalayisense lwalunenhloso yokuqeda ukuthengiswa kotshwala ngamasonto kanye namaholidi ezenkolo kanye nokuvimbela ukuthi kungabi namashebhini noma amathaveni ebangeni elungu wamamitha eduzane nesikole noma eduzane nendawo okukhonzwa kuyo lolu hlaka lwamukelwa emiphakathini kodwa kunabanye abathintekayo abaphikisana nalo futhi basho nokuthi kuzoba nzima ukusebenza ngokulandela lolu hlaka eminye yezinto ezafakelwa kulolu hlaka yagcina isixegisiwe okwaxegiswa kubandakanya udaba lokuthengiswa kotshwala ngamasonto umahlangu waxosha ibhodi nosihlalo wayo uprince mafojane  ngo lapho ibhodi liphikisa isinqumo sakhe sokuthi amahhovisi alo asuke ebramley aye ebhilidini elisha lomnyango wezentuthuko yomnotho ibhilidi elalitholakala emaphakathi nedolobhakazi le johannesburg amallunga ebhodi ahambisa loludaba enkantolo ephakeme i the supreme court of appeals south africa kanti futhi anqoba kulolu daba ngomhla ka meyi inkantolo yanquma ukuthi umahlangu uthathe isinyathelo ngenhloso engaqondile ukucindezela ibhodi ukuthi liye ebhilidini uhulumeni ayengumnikazi walo kanti futhi inkantolo yabuye yanquma nokuthi isinqumo sakhe sokuxosha ibhodi sihlehliswe sibekelwe eceleni kanti ifuthi inkantolo yabonisa ukukhathazeka kakhulu ngendlela umec ayeziphathe ngayo yokungahloniphi ibhodi ngo  uprimiya unomvula mokonyane u mec wezezimali umandla nkomfe kanye nomec wezingqalazizinda uqedani mahlangu batholakala benganecala yikomidi lenkambiso yokuziphatha kahle i gauteng legislature s privileges and ethics standing committee ngemuva kokuba ikhomishana yokuziphatha ngokuqotho integrity commission iphenyisise ngokusetshenziswa kwemali ngendlela yenkwabaniso maqondananabo umahlangu wayalelwa ukuthi akhokhe imali engu  r ayeyisebenzise ukuzithengela izimpahla zakhe ngokusebenzisa i credit card yombuso lapho evakashele e istanbul eturkey ngesikhathi evakashele lapho ngonyaka ka  ngojuni  umnyango wezempilo egauteng waphetha isivumelwano senqubo yokusebenza nenkampani ye baoki consortium and p consultants kanti ngalesi sivumelwano inkampani ye p consulting yayinesibopho sokusungula iyunithi ye project management unit fyomnyango ukuqala inqubo ye health information system and electronic health records ezibhedlela namakliniki asegauteng ngomhla ka mashi isivumelwano sabuye sanwetshwa eminye iminyaka emithathu lokhu kwenziwa ngumec wezempilo wangaleso sikhathi u brian hlongwa umahlangu wathatha isikhundla sikahlongwa njengomec wezempilo ngomhla ka meyi ngemuva kokhetho lukazwelonke njengengxenye yekhabhinethi yeprovinsi yokuqala kanomvula mokonyane emuva kwalokho umahlangu wabuyekeza amaprojekthi kwathi ngomhla ka kujulayi wabhala incwadi eyibhalela abe p consulting echaza ukuthi umnyango ukhansela ukunwetshwa kwesivumelwano nenkampani ye p consulting ngokusho kwe afiidevithi kamahlangu lokhu kwakungoba kunezinsolo ezinkulu kanye nokubonisa ukungahanjiswanga kahle ekunwetshweni kwesivumelwano kwaba nokuphikisana kakhulu ezinkantolo phakathi kwenkampani nomnyango kwathi ngomhla ka februrwari inkantolo ephakeme ye south gauteng high court lamont j gyakhipha isinqumo sokuthi isivumelwano phakathi komnyango nabenkampani ye p consulting sasiphethwe ngokusemthethweni futhi sanwetshwa ngokufanele umyango wenza i aphili ngesinqumo senkantolo kanti awangaphumelela kwi aphili kanti futhi ngomhla ka februwari inkantolo yomthethosisekelo i constitutional court yanqabela umnyango ukwenza enye i aphili ngomhla ka okthoba abe p consulting bafaka isicelo enkantolo ukuthi umnyango ubakhokhele imali engu rmiliyino engabandakanyi inzalo nezindleko lesi sicelo senkampani saphikiswa abomnyango bathi lolu daba kumele luye enkantolo ngaphambi kokuba lokhu kwenzeke inkampani ye p yafakelwa kwilikhwideshini okusho ukuthi yawa kanti isicelo semali kumnyango kwakuyiyona kuphela impahla yenkampanii abavali bezinkamp ani eziwayo benza isicelo sokuthi kuqokwe umkhomishina ukuphenyisisa ngenkampani kanye nokubona ukuthi ngabe kufanele yini ikwazi ukukleyima imali kumnyango ukuthola imali eyayikleyima kumnyango ngojulayi abophiki lukazwelonke lokushushisa i national prosecuting authority benza isicelo enkantolo ephakeme yaseningizimu ne gauteng somyalelo wokugcina impahla ekleyimiwa yinkampani ye p consulting kumnyango wezempilo wasegauteng lokhu okwenza ukuthi leyo kleyimi ithathwe njengekho emthethweni kanti futhi nokuthi impahla yenkampani ithathwe njengetholakale ngokungekho emthethweni lokhu okwabangela ukuthi impahla engumuzi  wezinga eliphezulu kahlongwa idliwe umthetho ngomhla ka meyi izingane eziyisithupha ezizalwa singakafiki isikhathi  zafa zibulawa wuhhudo ekuqaleni kwabikwa uuthi kushone izingane ezinhlanu  izingane zabulawa wuhhudo esibhedlela se charlotte maxeke academic hospital  ejohannesburg umahlangu wakwamukela ukuthi kukhona  abangakwemukela emahlombe abo ngokushona kwezingane kodwa waphika uuthi kube nobudedengu ngasohlangothini lwesibhedlela noma abasebenzi besibhedlela  uprofessor keith bolton owayeyinhloko yezifo zezingane i paediatrics esibhedlela serahima moosa hospital wasiza ukwenza umbiko owabonisa ukuthi lesi simo kwakuyisimo esingavamile imindeni ayizange ithole isinxephezelo ngokushona kwezingane kwabomnyango wezempilo ngoseptemba umahlangu wengamela ukuvalwa kwezibhedlela ezingu zesifo sofuba i tb kwiprovinsi yasegauteng amagama ezibhedlela okuyilezi  i charles hurwitz tb hospital esoweto i tshepong tb hospital etshwane kanye ne east rand tb hospital ekurhuleni umahlangu wavikela isinqumo sakhe sokuvalwa kwezibhedlela ezintathu zesifo sofuba egauteng njengento efanele ukonga imali kanye nokuthi imithombo yosizo izofakelwa lapho edingeka khona kakhulu lapho okwakulinganiselwa ukuthi ngokuvalwa kwalezi zibhedlela kuzokongeka imali elinganiselwa ku r million ngonyaka ukusukela ngojanuwari ku ukuya ekupheleni konyaka ka umnyango wezempilo weprovinsi wakhokha imali elinganiselwa ku rmiliyoni ngokulinyalelwa kwabantu ezibhedlelal kanye nokukhokhela amacala obudedengu kwezokwelashwa  umahlangu wayalelwa nguprimiya makhura ukuthi azame ukubheka ezinye izindlela zokuxazulula amacala obudedengu kunokusebenzisa izinkantolo lapho khona umnyango otholakele unecala kudaba lwabantu lwesibalo sika ngaleso sikhathi amanye amacala obudedengu kwezokwelashwa abandakanya onogada abavimbela iziguli ukungena emakliniki lokhu okwaholela ekushoneni kweziguli ezimbili ngo kanye nokulimala ngengqondo okwabangela isifo se cerebral palsy enganeni yomfana lapho khona abasebenzi basesibhedlela abehluleka ukuqaphela kahle le ngane ngemuva kokuba izelwe ngonyaka ka ngo umahlangu wamemezela isinqumo somnyango wakhe sokukhansela ikontraki nabezibhedlela zangasese ze life healthcare kanye namafasilithi yabo yeziguli ezigula ngengqondo i life esidimeni psychiatric facilities lokhu wathi ukwenzela ukonga imali njengoba umnyango usebenzisa imali elinganiselwa ku r ngosuku kwisiguli nesiguli esibhedlela se life esidimeni iziguli eziningi zazizohanjiswa zisiwe ezindaweni zonakekelo emiphakathini ezingabizi kakhulu ngemali  umahlangu waphikiswa kakhulu ngesinqumo nesenzo sakhe ngabantu basemphakathini kodwa yena waphikelela nesinqumo sakhe ochwepheshe imindeni kanye namashanhliziyo baxwayisa ukuthi lezi zinhlangano zemiphakathi okwakuhanjiswa kuzo iziguli ngengqondo ngeke zakwazi uunakekela iziguli ngendlela ezazinakekelwa ngayo esibhedlela sase life esidimeni ngonakekelo eziludingayo ngomhla ka septemba kudaba olwaziwa ngokuthi amanyala onakekelo lwezempilo udaba olwaziwa ngokuthi yi life healthcare esidimeni scandal umahlangu lapho ephendula umbuso womolo kwisishayamthetho umbuzo owabuzwa ngujack bloom waphendula wathi ziguli ezingu ezigula ngengqondo ezisusiwe endaweni yonakekelo ye life healthcare esidimeni ezishonile ngo ngesikhathi zifakelwe kwizinhlangano zama ngo lokhu kwabangela ukuthi ungqongqoshe wezempilo u aaron motsoaledi ukuthi acela u ombudsman wezempilo u professor malegapuru w makgoba ukuthi aphenyisise ngokufa kweziguli  ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemuva kokuba umahlangu edalule ngalokhu kushona kweziguli umbiko owacelwa ngungqongqoshe wezempilo wakhishwa ngomhla ka kufebrurwari ngemuva kokuba umbiko ubanjezelwe ngumahlangu ngoba ethi ufuna ukuba nesikhathi esenele sokufunda umbiko kanti futhi umahlangu efuna nokuthi kungezelwe isikhathi sokuthi aziphendulele kumbiko umbiko waphetha ngokuthi kuneziguli ezingaphezulu kwesibalo sika ezifile kanti futhi umbiko wancoma ukuthi isimo sikamahlangu sokuba ngu mec kumele sibuyekezwe ngoba umahlangu obonakala engafanele ukuba ngu mec wezempilo umahlangu wesula ekubeni ngumec wezempilo egauteng ngemuva kokuba kukhishwe umbiko ka ombud wezempilo kanti uprimiya umakhura wamemezela ukuthi uzoqoka usekela ngqongqoshe wezempilo u gwen ramokgopa ukuthi abe ngu mec wezempilo egauteng kanti u mec wentuthuko yabantu egauteng u nandi mayathula khoza uzoba yibamba elisabambele njenge mec yezempilo uphenyisiso ngokufa kweziguli lwatshelwa ukuthi umahlangu wayezimisele uunikeza ubufakazi kodwa akatholakali ngoba ubhala izivivinyo zezifundo e london school of economics abalesi sikhungo bathi akukho zivivinyo ezibhalwa ngumahlangu lokhu kwakungamampunge wodwa uqedani mahlangu akashadile kanti unengane eyodwa egama layo kungu nkululeko chris skhosana owazalwa ngonyaka ka uwinnie madikizela mandela ngomandulo ngombaso ungumzabalazi waseningizimu afrika wayeyinkosikazi kanelson mandela yesibili uvela ebizana empuma kapa   ababazi bakhe bangothisha kamuva uyise usebenza uhulmeni wasetranskei   uwinnie ufunde eshawsbury equmbu ngo uye egoli ukuba ukufunda ehofmeyr school of social work   ungumntu omnyama wokuqala ukuba usonhlala kahle esibhedilini baragwanath ngo ushada ugana nonelson mandela   banamadodakazi amabili uzenani nozinziwa   uwinnie mandela ngaphandle kwemnyeni wakhe unelson mandela waboshwa ngxenya treason   udinge ukucashela ipoyisa bese wayehlala ejele eminyaka eminingi   unkk madikizela mandela waqala ukahambisa i african national congress kaningi wabolshwa washywa nguhulumeni wobabandlululo ngo   uwinnie mandela waboshwa ezinsuku ezi     ngo uwinnie mandela waxoshwa ebrandfort eorange free state   wahlala ebrandfort ngesikathi eminyaka engu   waba nguphawu obalulekile ukhulela uhulumeli wobandlululo uwinnie mandela akazange abulahla udlame   ngo wathi asinazo izibhamu sinamatshe nomentshisi nophethiloli   kanye kanye sizixhumanisa isandla esandleni sizokhulula izwe leli ngebokisi lomatshisi nemilengiso yethu dumisani sibiya umbhali osezuze izindondo eziningi zokubhala izincwadi zinkondlo kanye nezindaba ngolimi lwesizulu udume kakhulu ngencwadi inoveli yokuqala ngqa ayishicela esihloko esithi kungasa ngifile ngonyaka wezi ngale ncwadi wazuza indodo yesiliva emincintiswaneni owaziwa ngokuthi umklomelo wakwasanlam wombhalo wentsha sanlam prize for youth literature usotobe uphinde afundise enyuvesi yasegoli univeristy of johannesburg lapho egxile khona ezifundweni zemibhalo kanye nezilimi usibiya wazalelwa endaweni yasenquthu enyakatho nekwazulu natali esigodini sasemhlangeni imfundo yakhe yamabanga aphakeme wayithola ecelumusa high school okuyisikole esisesigodini sasehaladu khona enquthu waqeda umathiliki ibanga le ngonyaka wezi khona ecelumusa high school lapho ayeyisihlabani ezifundweni zezibalo kanye nezezilimi emva kokuphothula amabanga aphakeme ngonyaka wezi walibangisa kwandongaziyaduma laphao enza khona iziqu zika ba nenyuvesi yasewitswatersrand izifundo ayegxile kuzo kulenyuvesi kwabe kuyisizulu ezemibhalo yase afrika african literature ezemidlalo namafilimu drama and film usotobe wabuye waqhubeka nezifundo ze ba honors ngonyaka wezi esegxile ezilimini zabomdabu nasemibhalweni yase afrika kuphela izifundo ze ba honors wayezenza mbaxa mbili ne ma ezifundweni zokushiclila kusukela ngowezi kuya kowezi zombili lezi ziqu wazithola ngamalengiso emva kokuphuthula izifundo zakhe ze mastersenyuvesi yasewitswatersrand usibiya wahlabana nesikhundla sokufundisa imibhalo yaseafrika isizulu kanye nezifundo zemidiya esikoleni sezemibhalo kanye nezifundo zezilimi lesi sikhundla wasibamba kusukela ngonyaka wezi kuya kowezi emva kokufundisa iminyaka emine ilandelana wajoyina inkampani yabashicileli i macimillan south africa lapho ayesebenza njengomsizi kamshicileli wasebenza izinyanga eziyisithupha ngonyaka wezi wasebenza enkampanini ebizwa ngokuthi i graphicor communications lapho ayesebenza khona njengosozilimli wasebenza iminyaka emibili nonhafu ngaphambi kokuthi abuyele embonini yezokushililela ngonyaka wezi ngohlangulana wezi esotobe wasebenza njenomshicileli wezilimi zase afrika kwaclever books eyabe ingaphansi kwakamacmillan south afrika kulesi sikhundla wayeqasha ababhali ebaqeqesha aphinde abashicilele wabuyela emkhakheni wezemfundo ngonyaka wezi lapho ajoyina khona inyuvesi yasegoli okulapho esezinze khona efundisa izifundo zemibhalo kanye nezilimi inkosi inyathela uselwa oluphekwa ngemithi enamandla inkosi ihlala igonqile kulendlu akungeni muntu ngaphandle kukanina nesalukazi esingasagezi inkosi iyawuzila umdlukulu wayo ngenkathi igonqile ihlala nsensila yayo kanye nenyanaga eyiqinisa ngamakhubalo anohlonzo amabutho akha amadlangala azungenze umuzi wenkosi ngale nkathi amabutho ahuba amahubo empi ekuseni nantamabama e inkosi ikhwifa ilanga ngosuku lokungena komkhosi kusondezwa umhlambi omnyama bese kulethwa inkunzi emnyama le nkunzi ayihlatshwa ngomkhonto noma ngesinye isikhali kepha amabutho asebenzisa izandla zawo ukuyibulala amabutho angena nayo esibayeni bese ayayizungeza eyisonta ayiqhumise ithambo lesijungujungu iyabengwa umbengo unikwa inkosi ucwiliswe emithini enamandla inkosi imfimfithe iqatha ililahle imibengo iphonswa phezulu amabutho ayinqake amfimfithe owele phansi awudliwa imbongi iqephuza inkosi bese imemezela ukuthi owezulu usedlile ngakho izwe lingeshwama impendulo kuba ukuduma kuka bayede uyizulu kuyagidwa kwenanywe kuhlatshwe ezekhethelo izinkomo kufinywe ngendololwane abantu sebegadla ukudla okusha bashaye udolo qina dolo qina lona ngumkhosi osuka emandulo futhi awugujwa amazulu kuphela kepha ugujwa izizwe esiningana ezise afrika eseningizimu esizweni sakwazulu lomkhosi waqalwa ngushaka kasenzangakhona ebukhosini bamaswazi umkhosi ofanba nawo lona ubizwa ngokuthi incwala iqembu lesizwe lebhola lezinyawo labesifazane laseningizimu afrika eliteketiswa ngokuthi ibanyana banyana iqembu lebhola lezinyawo elingaphansi kwenhlangano eyangemele ibhola lezinyawo eningizimu afrika eyaziwa ngokuthi yi south african football association leli qembu ladlala umdlalo wokuqala neqembu lesizwe labesifazane laseswazini mhla zingama kunhlaba ngonyaka wezi kuwo lomdlalo wokuqala bebhekene neqembu laseswazini bawuqoba lomdlalo ngama e umqeqeshi wokuqala waleli qembu kwabe kungu augusto palacios iqembu ebanyana banyana selake ladlala kabili kwimidlalo yama olimpiki baqala ukudlala ngonka wezi kimidlalo yama olimpiki eyabe ibanjelwe elandani umqeqeshi ngalesi sikhathi kwabe kungusiphiwe khoza okwesibili kwabe kungunyaka wezi edolobheni laserio da janeiro lapho imidlalo yama olimpiki yabe ibajelwe khona lapha umqeqeshi waqembu kwabe kunguvera pauw kuzo zombili lezi zihlandla bakhishwa emqudelwaneni leli uhlu lwabadlali abaqokelwe ukuba baye kodlala kwindebe yamazwe aseafrika yabesifazane yezi umqeqeshi waleli qembu ngudesiree ellis uqedani dorothy mahlangu wazalwa ngomhla ka meyi ngo  ebethal empumalanga wayengumec wezempilo nenthuthuko yabantu egauteng wesula esikhundleni ngemuva kokuba kukhishwe umbiko ukhishwa ngu ombudsman wezempilo ngesimo sokushona kweziguli ezingu ezazigula ngengqondo kanti lo mbiko wabuye waziwa njengamanyala ezempilo esidimeni waziwa ngokuthi yi the life healthcare esidimeni scandal ube sezikhundleni ezehlkene kuhulumeni wase gauteng ukusukela ngo  ezibandakanya ukba ngumec wezempilo kanti waqokwa kulesi sikhundla phakathi kweminyaka ka kanti futhi wabuyela kulesi sikhundla ngonyaka ka  ukuya kunyaka ka ngisho noma esule esikhundleni sokuba yilungu lesigungu esiphethe  member of executive committee kanye nelungu lesishayamthetho seprovinsi umahlangu uselokhu eyilunga lesigungu esiphethe se anc egauteng uqedani mahlangu wazalwa ngomhla ka  meyi ebethal edolobheni lepulazi empumalanga eningizimu afrika ngemuva kokuqeda iimfundo yesikole sesekondari wakhwalifaya njengotthisha wase eyofundela idiploma ye advanced diploma in economics e university of the western cape futhi phezu kwalokho wayokwenza ikhosi yediploma ephakeme elondon school of economics kanye nohlelo lwediploma ye economics ewilliams college emassachusetts usa wanikezwa i honours degree in economics euniversity of the western cape umahlangu wajoyina i south african youth congress ngeminyaka yoma   kanti emuva kwalokho wajoyina i anc youth league ngeminyaka yokuqala koma waqhubekela phambili kwizikhundla ze anc youth league esezikhundleni ezehlukene ukusukela emagatsheni ukuya emkhakheni kazwelonke ubulunga bakhe baqhubeka busuka ku anc youth league ukuya kwi african national congress waba yilungu ngokuphelele kanti emuva kwalokho waba yilunga lephalamende ngonyaka ka esebenze njengosotshwebhu whip wegauteng ku national council of provinces ngemuva kokhetho lonyaka ka waqokwa ukuba ngusihlalo we select committee on finance ku national council of provinces  isikhundla aba kuso ukufikela ngonyaka ka  usebambe izikhundla kwizakhiwo ze anc ezehlukene ezibandakanya ukuba yilunga lesigungu esiphethe se anc seprovinsi ye gauteng ukusukela ngonyaka ka ukusukela ngonyaka ka ukufikela ngo epreli ka wabekwa ukuba ngomunye wababhekene nokhetho ku anc egauteng kanye nakuzwelonke umahlangu ubekwe njengomxhumanisi we constituency contact endaweni ye kliptown kanye ne midvaal anc constituency offices kwisishayamthetho segauteng provincial legislature umahlangu waqokwa ukuba yilungu lesigungu esiphethe i member of executive council ngo kanti waba kulesi sikhundla esisha sohulumeni bezindawo ukufikela ngonyaka ka  lapho ayengamele khona omasipala kwiprovinsi ngesikhathi ekulesi sikhundla waqala umkhankaso owawubizwa ngokuthi yi operation consolidate owawunenhloso yokuthuthukisa inqubo yezimali zomasipala ngemuva kokuba umcwaningi omkhulu wezimali u auditor general ekhombise ukukhathazeka kakhulu ngokuphathwa komasipala umahlangu wamemezela ukuthi kunqunywe amasevisi kwiminyango kahulumeni weprovinsi kanye neminyango kahulumeni kazwelonke leyo engakhokheli ama rate namassevisi lokhu ekwenzela ukuthuthukisa isimo sokulawula izikweledu emkhakheni womasipala umahlangu watholakala ethinteka kuphenyisiso lweforensiki olwenziwa yifemu ye pasco eyathola ukuthi kube nezitende ezimbili e meyersdal nature estate ezazithengwe nokuthengiswa ngungqongqoshe wohulumeni bezindawo wegauteng ngokusho kwabaphenyisisi beforensiki lokhu kuthengiswa nokuthengwa kwakwenziwe ngenqubo engaqondile irregularly ukhomishina wezobuqotho wesishayamthetho segauteng ujules browde wacelwa yii democratic alliance tukuphenyisisa ngalokhu kuthengiswa kwezitende kanti wathola ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwakwenziwe ngendlela efanele kwenziwa ngu mec umahlangu waqokwa kwiphotfoliyo yokuba yilungu lesigungu esiphethe kwezokuthuthuthukiswa komnotho economic development as a member of executive committee ngo  ngaphansi kukapremiya unomvula mokonyane  ngonyaka ka  wahola ukusungulwa kwama township enterprise hubs esebokeng esharpville ekagiso ekatlehong ewinterveld nase tembisa i hub ne hub yayizohlinzeka ngama automotive cluster services cluster kanye ne light manufacturing cluster   la ma hub emuva kwalokho emukelwa nguhulumeni weprovinsi ngokusetshenziswa kwezimali kuwo ukufinyelela ku webhajethi elinganiselwa urbhiliyoni ye procurement ukuthi uhulumeni athenge kuwo impahla namasevisi kumabhizinisi asemalokishini lokhu kwakuzofinyelelwa ekupheleni konyaka ka phakathi konyaka ka  no umahlangu wasebenza ukusungula inqubo yemitheshwana yolawulo ngamalayisense eyayaziwa ngokuthi yi gauteng liquor regulations on shebeen licences ngokulandela umthetho wezotshwala we gauteng liquor act ngaphansi kwalolu hlaka lomtheshwana wolawulo izimvume zamashebhini isikhundla sazo sasizothathwa ngamlayisense amashebhini amalayisense ayenikezwa yibhodi lezotshwala lasegauteng i gauteng liquor board lolu hlaka lwamalayisense lwalunenhloso yokuqeda ukuthengiswa kotshwala ngamasonto kanye namaholidi ezenkolo kanye nokuvimbela ukuthi kungabi namashebhini noma amathaveni ebangeni elungu wamamitha eduzane nesikole noma eduzane nendawo okukhonzwa kuyo lolu hlaka lwamukelwa emiphakathini kodwa kunabanye abathintekayo abaphikisana nalo futhi basho nokuthi kuzoba nzima ukusebenza ngokulandela lolu hlaka eminye yezinto ezafakelwa kulolu hlaka yagcina isixegisiwe okwaxegiswa kubandakanya udaba lokuthengiswa kotshwala ngamasonto umahlangu waxosha ibhodi nosihlalo wayo uprince mafojane  ngo lapho ibhodi liphikisa isinqumo sakhe sokuthi amahhovisi alo asuke ebramley aye ebhilidini elisha lomnyango wezentuthuko yomnotho ibhilidi elalitholakala emaphakathi nedolobhakazi le johannesburg amallunga ebhodi ahambisa loludaba enkantolo ephakeme i the supreme court of appeals south africa kanti futhi anqoba kulolu daba ngomhla ka meyi inkantolo yanquma ukuthi umahlangu uthathe isinyathelo ngenhloso engaqondile ukucindezela ibhodi ukuthi liye ebhilidini uhulumeni ayengumnikazi walo kanti futhi inkantolo yabuye yanquma nokuthi isinqumo sakhe sokuxosha ibhodi sihlehliswe sibekelwe eceleni kanti ifuthi inkantolo yabonisa ukukhathazeka kakhulu ngendlela umec ayeziphathe ngayo yokungahloniphi ibhodi ngo  uprimiya unomvula mokonyane u mec wezezimali umandla nkomfe kanye nomec wezingqalazizinda uqedani mahlangu batholakala benganecala yikomidi lenkambiso yokuziphatha kahle i gauteng legislature s privileges and ethics standing committee ngemuva kokuba ikhomishana yokuziphatha ngokuqotho integrity commission iphenyisise ngokusetshenziswa kwemali ngendlela yenkwabaniso maqondananabo umahlangu wayalelwa ukuthi akhokhe imali engu  r ayeyisebenzise ukuzithengela izimpahla zakhe ngokusebenzisa i credit card yombuso lapho evakashele e istanbul eturkey ngesikhathi evakashele lapho ngonyaka ka  ngojuni  umnyango wezempilo egauteng waphetha isivumelwano senqubo yokusebenza nenkampani ye baoki consortium and p consultants kanti ngalesi sivumelwano inkampani ye p consulting yayinesibopho sokusungula iyunithi ye project management unit fyomnyango ukuqala inqubo ye health information system and electronic health records ezibhedlela namakliniki asegauteng ngomhla ka mashi isivumelwano sabuye sanwetshwa eminye iminyaka emithathu lokhu kwenziwa ngumec wezempilo wangaleso sikhathi u brian hlongwa umahlangu wathatha isikhundla sikahlongwa njengomec wezempilo ngomhla ka meyi ngemuva kokhetho lukazwelonke njengengxenye yekhabhinethi yeprovinsi yokuqala kanomvula mokonyane emuva kwalokho umahlangu wabuyekeza amaprojekthi kwathi ngomhla ka kujulayi wabhala incwadi eyibhalela abe p consulting echaza ukuthi umnyango ukhansela ukunwetshwa kwesivumelwano nenkampani ye p consulting ngokusho kwe afiidevithi kamahlangu lokhu kwakungoba kunezinsolo ezinkulu kanye nokubonisa ukungahanjiswanga kahle ekunwetshweni kwesivumelwano kwaba nokuphikisana kakhulu ezinkantolo phakathi kwenkampani nomnyango kwathi ngomhla ka februrwari inkantolo ephakeme ye south gauteng high court lamont j gyakhipha isinqumo sokuthi isivumelwano phakathi komnyango nabenkampani ye p consulting sasiphethwe ngokusemthethweni futhi sanwetshwa ngokufanele umyango wenza i aphili ngesinqumo senkantolo kanti awangaphumelela kwi aphili kanti futhi ngomhla ka februwari inkantolo yomthethosisekelo i constitutional court yanqabela umnyango ukwenza enye i aphili ngomhla ka okthoba abe p consulting bafaka isicelo enkantolo ukuthi umnyango ubakhokhele imali engu rmiliyino engabandakanyi inzalo nezindleko lesi sicelo senkampani saphikiswa abomnyango bathi lolu daba kumele luye enkantolo ngaphambi kokuba lokhu kwenzeke inkampani ye p yafakelwa kwilikhwideshini okusho ukuthi yawa kanti isicelo semali kumnyango kwakuyiyona kuphela impahla yenkampanii abavali bezinkamp ani eziwayo benza isicelo sokuthi kuqokwe umkhomishina ukuphenyisisa ngenkampani kanye nokubona ukuthi ngabe kufanele yini ikwazi ukukleyima imali kumnyango ukuthola imali eyayikleyima kumnyango ngojulayi abophiki lukazwelonke lokushushisa i national prosecuting authority benza isicelo enkantolo ephakeme yaseningizimu ne gauteng somyalelo wokugcina impahla ekleyimiwa yinkampani ye p consulting kumnyango wezempilo wasegauteng lokhu okwenza ukuthi leyo kleyimi ithathwe njengekho emthethweni kanti futhi nokuthi impahla yenkampani ithathwe njengetholakale ngokungekho emthethweni lokhu okwabangela ukuthi impahla engumuzi  wezinga eliphezulu kahlongwa idliwe umthetho ngomhla ka meyi izingane eziyisithupha ezizalwa singakafiki isikhathi  zafa zibulawa wuhhudo ekuqaleni kwabikwa uuthi kushone izingane ezinhlanu  izingane zabulawa wuhhudo esibhedlela se charlotte maxeke academic hospital  ejohannesburg umahlangu wakwamukela ukuthi kukhona  abangakwemukela emahlombe abo ngokushona kwezingane kodwa waphika uuthi kube nobudedengu ngasohlangothini lwesibhedlela noma abasebenzi besibhedlela  uprofessor keith bolton owayeyinhloko yezifo zezingane i paediatrics esibhedlela serahima moosa hospital wasiza ukwenza umbiko owabonisa ukuthi lesi simo kwakuyisimo esingavamile imindeni ayizange ithole isinxephezelo ngokushona kwezingane kwabomnyango wezempilo ngoseptemba umahlangu wengamela ukuvalwa kwezibhedlela ezingu zesifo sofuba i tb kwiprovinsi yasegauteng amagama ezibhedlela okuyilezi  i charles hurwitz tb hospital esoweto i tshepong tb hospital etshwane kanye ne east rand tb hospital ekurhuleni umahlangu wavikela isinqumo sakhe sokuvalwa kwezibhedlela ezintathu zesifo sofuba egauteng njengento efanele ukonga imali kanye nokuthi imithombo yosizo izofakelwa lapho edingeka khona kakhulu lapho okwakulinganiselwa ukuthi ngokuvalwa kwalezi zibhedlela kuzokongeka imali elinganiselwa ku r million ngonyaka ukusukela ngojanuwari ku ukuya ekupheleni konyaka ka umnyango wezempilo weprovinsi wakhokha imali elinganiselwa ku rmiliyoni ngokulinyalelwa kwabantu ezibhedlelal kanye nokukhokhela amacala obudedengu kwezokwelashwa  umahlangu wayalelwa nguprimiya makhura ukuthi azame ukubheka ezinye izindlela zokuxazulula amacala obudedengu kunokusebenzisa izinkantolo lapho khona umnyango otholakele unecala kudaba lwabantu lwesibalo sika ngaleso sikhathi amanye amacala obudedengu kwezokwelashwa abandakanya onogada abavimbela iziguli ukungena emakliniki lokhu okwaholela ekushoneni kweziguli ezimbili ngo kanye nokulimala ngengqondo okwabangela isifo se cerebral palsy enganeni yomfana lapho khona abasebenzi basesibhedlela abehluleka ukuqaphela kahle le ngane ngemuva kokuba izelwe ngonyaka ka ngo umahlangu wamemezela isinqumo somnyango wakhe sokukhansela ikontraki nabezibhedlela zangasese ze life healthcare kanye namafasilithi yabo yeziguli ezigula ngengqondo i life esidimeni psychiatric facilities lokhu wathi ukwenzela ukonga imali njengoba umnyango usebenzisa imali elinganiselwa ku r ngosuku kwisiguli nesiguli esibhedlela se life esidimeni iziguli eziningi zazizohanjiswa zisiwe ezindaweni zonakekelo emiphakathini ezingabizi kakhulu ngemali  umahlangu waphikiswa kakhulu ngesinqumo nesenzo sakhe ngabantu basemphakathini kodwa yena waphikelela nesinqumo sakhe ochwepheshe imindeni kanye namashanhliziyo baxwayisa ukuthi lezi zinhlangano zemiphakathi okwakuhanjiswa kuzo iziguli ngengqondo ngeke zakwazi uunakekela iziguli ngendlela ezazinakekelwa ngayo esibhedlela sase life esidimeni ngonakekelo eziludingayo ngomhla ka septemba kudaba olwaziwa ngokuthi amanyala onakekelo lwezempilo udaba olwaziwa ngokuthi yi life healthcare esidimeni scandal umahlangu lapho ephendula umbuso womolo kwisishayamthetho umbuzo owabuzwa ngujack bloom waphendula wathi ziguli ezingu ezigula ngengqondo ezisusiwe endaweni yonakekelo ye life healthcare esidimeni ezishonile ngo ngesikhathi zifakelwe kwizinhlangano zama ngo lokhu kwabangela ukuthi ungqongqoshe wezempilo u aaron motsoaledi ukuthi acela u ombudsman wezempilo u professor malegapuru w makgoba ukuthi aphenyisise ngokufa kweziguli  ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemuva kokuba umahlangu edalule ngalokhu kushona kweziguli umbiko owacelwa ngungqongqoshe wezempilo wakhishwa ngomhla ka kufebrurwari ngemuva kokuba umbiko ubanjezelwe ngumahlangu ngoba ethi ufuna ukuba nesikhathi esenele sokufunda umbiko kanti futhi umahlangu efuna nokuthi kungezelwe isikhathi sokuthi aziphendulele kumbiko umbiko waphetha ngokuthi kuneziguli ezingaphezulu kwesibalo sika ezifile kanti futhi umbiko wancoma ukuthi isimo sikamahlangu sokuba ngu mec kumele sibuyekezwe ngoba umahlangu obonakala engafanele ukuba ngu mec wezempilo umahlangu wesula ekubeni ngumec wezempilo egauteng ngemuva kokuba kukhishwe umbiko ka ombud wezempilo kanti uprimiya umakhura wamemezela ukuthi uzoqoka usekela ngqongqoshe wezempilo u gwen ramokgopa ukuthi abe ngu mec wezempilo egauteng kanti u mec wentuthuko yabantu egauteng u nandi mayathula khoza uzoba yibamba elisabambele njenge mec yezempilo uphenyisiso ngokufa kweziguli lwatshelwa ukuthi umahlangu wayezimisele uunikeza ubufakazi kodwa akatholakali ngoba ubhala izivivinyo zezifundo e london school of economics abalesi sikhungo bathi akukho zivivinyo ezibhalwa ngumahlangu lokhu kwakungamampunge wodwa uqedani mahlangu akashadile kanti unengane eyodwa egama layo kungu nkululeko chris skhosana owazalwa ngonyaka ka nkosazana mkabayi kajama wabe eyindodakazi yenkosi yombuso wamazulu ujama kandaba aphinde abe ngudadewabo omdala kasenzangakhona kajama waye kade eyiwele njengokhokho bakhe umageba nophunga umkabayi wabe aziwa njengowesifazane osabekayo onamandla onesibindi futhi okwazi ukuzimela umkabayi waba negalelo elikhulu ekubunjweni kwesizwe sakwazulu lapho abeka khona amakhosi amaningi kwazulu ngokuwasiza ukuthi ukuthi anyukele esihlalweni sobukhosi umkabayi kanye nodadewabo umamma bazalwa baba ngamawele ngokwesiko ngalesi sikhathi uma kuzalwe amawele kwakumele elilodwa libulawe ngoba kwakunkolelo yokuthi uma ephila womabili lokhu kwakuzoletha amashwa okuyohelela ekutheni umzali oyedwa adlule emhlabeni ujama akakuvumananga lokhu ukuthi kwenzeke amadodakazini akhe wanquma ukuba umkabayi newele lakhe umamma ukuba baphile bobabili kusukela ngaleyo nkathi umakabayi wakhula isizwe sinenzondo kuye futhi simunyanya eseneminyaka eyi umama wakhe umakabayi wadlula emhlabeni ukudlula kuka mama makhe bakubeka emahlombe akhe mkabayi bonke abantu esizweni babemunuka ngokufa kukamama wakhe umama kamkabayi owabe eyinkosikazi kajama yadlula emhlabeni engimutholelanga indlalifa umkabayi esethe ukukhula wasindisa umbuso wakwazulu ngokwenza into engajwayelekile umkabayi wabona ukuthi ujama useyaguga kade ezama ukuthola indodana kodwa ehluleka umkabayi washelela uyise kumthaniya wesizwe sakwasibiya owagcina eseshade naye ujama wamzalela indodadana abayiqamba ngokuthi usenzangakhona bayetha leli gama ngoba beqhakambisa igalelo alidlala umkabayi ekuqinisekeni ukuthi isizwe sakwazulu ukuthi siqhubekele phambili okusho ukuthi senze ngokuyikona ingoba umkabayi wenza into enhle ngokuqiniseka ukhuthi umuzi kayise awuwi lesi senzo sikamkabayi sageza izinhliziyo zabantu abaningi esizweni ngoba ujama wabe esephule umthetho ngokushada owesifazane womathonga owabe ekhulelwe wazala usojiyisa isizwwe sabe sisaba ukuthi uma edlula emhlabeni ujama ubukhosi bwazulu buyophathwa yivezandlebe isizwe sasinokusaba ukuthi lomfana ngiye owabe ezozuza ubukhosi bakwazulu ukuthandawa isizwe kwaba yinto yesikhashan emva kokukhothama kukajama wazibeka yena ukuhti abe yinkosi yesizwe njengoba umfowabo usenzangakhona wabe esamncane kakhulu ukuthi angaphatha isizwe lesi senzo asehlanga kahla kwabaningi ngoba lokhu kwakungakaze kwenzeke ngaphambilini kwazulu empilweni yakhe yonke umkabayi wayenqaba umshade ohleleliwe namakhosi acebile ayengomakhelwane nesizwe sikajama kunalokho wakhetha ukuba angashadi azimele abhekhane nezindaba ezithinta isizwe njongoba umkabayi ayengafuni ukushada isizathu sakhe kwakunguthi wayefuna ukuvikela isizwe sakwazulu futhi sihlale sibhekelelekile ukusebenzela isizwe ngaleso sikhathi kwabe kwaziwa njengomsebenzi wamadoda kodwa umkabayi akakuqizanga qakala lokho wawenza lomsebenzi ngokwenza lokhu wagcina esengosefizane osnesthunzi futhi onamandla ngalokhu wagcina esekwazi ukuguqula imiqondo yamakhosi aphinde abize nezimbizo yize wane enesithunzi ezizweni kodwa babekhona abengabuthembi ubuholi bakhe abaemuthatha kancane ubodlova bakhe futhi bathusa isizwe lapho athumela amabutho empi esizwe ukuba ayohlasela usojiyisa ngoba wabe embona engase abe nobungozi ebukhosini bukasenzangakhona ngalesi senzao abaningi babembona njengonukelwa yigazi futhi othanda impi kwathi ngonyaka wezi umkabayi wehlika ezihlalweni sobukhosi esikhundleni kwangena umfowabo usenzangakhona ukuba azobusa isizwe umkabayi wabe esebenzisana kakhulu nosenzangakhona ngenkathi eseyinkosi ngoba zonke izindaba ezabe zithinta ubukhoasi zabe ziqondana naye usnezangakhona wakhulelisa unandi kabhebhe bengashadile bathola indodana unandi ayiqamba ngokuthi ushaka nebala wagcina eshade naye unandi kodwa abantu esizweni babemuzonda unandi benoshaka okwabaphoqa ukuba baye kohlala kwesinye isizwe umakabayi kuthuwa kwabe kunguye kuphela owabe enokumzwela unandi benendodana yakhe kangakokuthi ngenkathi sebehlala nabakwamhlongo wayeya kobavakashela wadlala iqhaza elikhulu empilweni kashaka wayesebenza nongqengelele kamvulane benyenyisa ubantwana bakanandi unomcebo noshaka bebaletha esigodlweni esiklebheni ukuze indlovukazi umthaniya kazingelwayo ibone izingane ngebhadi usenzangakhona akaphilanga isikhathi eside ngalokho umkabayi wasebenzisa ubuqili bakhe ukuba abeke indodana endala okwabe kungushaka ukuthi ibe yinkosi yesizwe umkabayi wagquqguzela ushaka kanye nonandi ukuba babuyele kwazulu ngaleso sikhathi kwabe kungusigujana inkosi ushaka wamketula usigujana esebenzisana nomkabayi owabe engumalumekazi wakhe behlangene namabutho kadingiswayo ngenkathi ushaka eseyinkosi kwabe kwenzeka izigemegeme eziningi futhi abaningi babebona ukuthi wayephethe isizwe ngesandla sensimbi futhi engayilaleli imibono yabanye yabantu konke lokhu kwaholela ekutheni umkabayi kanye nabashana bakhe okwabe kungu dingane kanye nomhlangana ukube bakhe itulo loku soconga ushaka bamukhiphe esikhundleni sobukhosi iqhinga labo laphumelela ngoba ngonyaya wezi udingane wabekwa njengenkosi emva kokusocongwa kukamhlangane okwabe kulindeleke ukuba abe yinkosi elandal ushaka umhlangana wabulawa ngomyalela owabe uphuma kumkabayi ngoba wabe efuna udingane ukuba kube nguye oyinkosi yesizwe samazulu ngenkathi umpande ebekwa eba yinkosi yesizwe samazulu wamudingisa umkabayi esizweni sakwazulu wadingiselwa endaweni eyabe ngokuthi kwabaqulusi ngoba wabe wabe negafuni ukuthi agxambukele ezindabeni zokuphatwa kwezwe kuthiwa umkabayi washona ngonyaka wezi khona ebaqulusini eseyisalukazi esengasenabani washonela ezintabeni esengasekho esizweni asilwela kanzima size sibe yilokhu asesiyikho ngobuba nesandla ekubulaweni kukashaka baningi ababesamzonda kwazulu izibongo zikamkabayi usoqili iqili lakwahoshoza elidl umuntu limyenga ngendaba lidl ubhedu ngasezinyangnei ladl umkhongoyiyana ngasemangadini ladl ubheje ngasezanuseni ubhuku lukamenzi olubamb abantu lwabenela ngibone ngonohela kamlilo umlil ovuth intaba zonke ngoba lumbambe wanyamalala inkom ekhal esangoyana yakhal umlomo wayo wabhoboz izulu iye yeziwa ngugwabalanda ezalwa ngundaba wakwa khumalo intom ethombe yom umlomo zaze zayihlab imithanti zawonina umthombela bantu izinyoni bayazibamba usezibuka ngamehlo uvula bangene ngawo onk amasango abanikazimuzi bangene ngezintuba umcindela kanobiya umhlathuz uzawugcwal emini imbibikazan eyaqamb imigqa kwamalandela yathi ngabakwamalandela ithi yikhona bezoqananaza ngazo zonk izindlela umkabayi unegalelo elikhulu ekubunbjweni kwesizwe sakwazulu ngokubeka futhi aphinde adilize amakhosi amaningi okubalwa kuwo ushaka dingane kanye nompande futhi igalelo lakhe labe lilikhulu kakhulu ekugcineni isizwe sihlangene futhi sibumbene umkabayi wabe aziwa ngobuhlakani bakhe ngoba abaningi babeya kuye uma befuna izelululeko kangakukuba kwagcina sekukhona isisho esabe sithibuzani kamakabayi umkabayi waye bizwa ngo yise wesizwe ndlovukazi mbeki wamakhosi umkabayi wanza izinto ezingakazi zenzuwe ngobantu besifazane emlandweni wakwazulu ngongokuzibeka ukuthi aphathe isizwe nokuthi abize izimbizo ezabe zihanjelwa ngabesilisa kube nguye kuphela owasifazane izibongo ubuciko bomlomo obuvame lapho kukhona okubongelwayo izibongo zinomlando omkhulu esizulwini emandulo ukubongela inkosi kwakuba ngumsebenzi wamaqhawe ayazana kahle nokuzalwa nokukhula kwenkosi ngazo lezi zikhathi kwankungumsebenzi ophambili ukubongela inkosi ngokuvamile kubongelwa ngoba kukhona okuhle okunconywayo okungaba ukuhlabana okuthize kwalowo noma kwalokho okusuke kubongelwa uma kubongelwa imbongi inelungelo lokuthi lapho ibongela ikufake okuwubuthakathataka kwalowo noma kwalokho okusuke kubongelwa ngalokhu izibongo zingasho okuhle ziphinde futhi zigxeke loyo osuke ebongelwa noma lokho okusuke kubongelwa izibongo zihlukene kanje kukhona izibongo zesimnje kanye nezibongo zasemandulo izibongo zesimanje singabala lezo ezibhalwe phansi zibuye zishicilelwe ngokufuka kwempucuzeko yasentshonalanga kwaqalwa ukubhalwa kwezinkondlo zesimanje zibhalwa zigcinwe ezincwadini kwi intanethi ezinye ziqoshwe izibongo zasemandulo yilezo zibongo ezihaywa ngomlomo ezingabhaliwe phansi izinkondlo zasemandulo zazningabhalwa hansi kepha zaziqukathwa ngekhanda yilowo obengelayo nokho ke ngokuphucuzeka nazo izibongo zasemandulo seziyatholakala ezincwadini kanye nesemthonjeni eminingi inhloso yalokhu ukuzigcina uma kubongelwa kungabalwa lokhu okulandelayo kukhona olunye uhlobo lwezibongo ezihanyawa imizuzwana kusetshenziswa amagama ambalwa futhi zihaywa isikhathi esifushane lezi zibongo zibuye zibizwe ngokuthi izihasho emandulo abantu babeba nezihasho zabo ngaphandle kwezithakazelo izihasho ziqanjwa zisuselwa ekuhlabaneni okuthize okungaba isemdlalweni othize noma ekwaluseni kuyenzeka lapho umuntu ongunkunzimalanga kwezikanoputshuzwayo kuwazwale izihlwele zimhalelisa uma ibhola eselibambile nayo loyo usezolibamba ngobunono akhiphe wonke amangwevu ngoba amehlo wonke enkundleni asuke esethe njo kuyena ezinye izihasho zaziqanjwa ngabafana emdlalweni uma belusile umfana wayezihasha yena noma ahashwe ngontanga yakhe ngenkathi umfana ekhula enza ezinye izenzo ezincomekayo ikakhulukazi ezobuqhawe wayeqanjwa ezinye izihasho ngaphezu kwalezo aseke esenazo ngokwamasiko ezinye izizwe umuntu uhashwa kuphela ngabanye abantu akakwazi ukuzihasha yena kanti kwezinye izizwe umuntu uyakwazi ukuzihasha yena kuyimvamisa ukuzwa omasikandi bezihasha bona ngokwabo ngenkathi bedlala iziginci nokunye ukulandwa kongasekho isiko lesintu lapho kusuke kuyolandwa ilungu lomndeni elingasekho endaweni lapho aphumela khona umphefumelo uma kwenziwa lomsebenzi kusetshenziswa ihlamvu lesihlahla somlahlankosi mhlazane kuyolandwa umuntu lapho aphumela khona umphefumulo kuyaye kuhanjwe nehlamvu lesihlala somlahlankosi uma kwenziwa leli siko kuyaye kuhambe abantu besilisa kuphela ngoba kunenkolelo yokuthi yibo abasondelane nabaphansi njengoba beyinsila yomuzi kuhamba usokhaya uma usokhaya engasekho kucelwa omunye umnuntu wesilisa uma kuyolandwa umuntu kuvukwa ekuseni kusempondo zankomo ngoba abaphansi basebenza ngobunmnyama kunikelwe kulendawo asala kuyo uma kufikwa kuleyondawo lowo osuke ephethe uhlamvu imvamisa usho lamazwi sibanibani usho igama lakhe sesifikile sikulandile sithi asiha mbe sibuyele ekhaya lamazwi ashiwo ukumhlanganisa nabasaphila bomndeni kuqinisekisa ukuthi usephila kanye nabo futhi usezoba yidlozi elihle emva kwalokho lowo ophethe uhlamvu akusafanele ukuthi abheke emuva kumele abheke phambili angaphazanyiswa yilutho uma kuwelwa umfula noma kudlulwa endaweni ethize lowo ophethe uhlamvu uyaye athi manje sibanibani sesiwela umfula othile sidabula ihlathi elithile nawe ngezinye izikhathi kuke kwenzeke iphutha lokuthi lowo olandiwe angatshelwa ukuthi sekwenzakalani endleleni nokuthi sebekuphi nendlela lokhu kwenzeka ngenkathi sekuwelwa khona umfula lowo ophethe uhlamvu angasho ukuthi sebefike kumuphi umfula futhi sebeyawela lokhu kudala izinkinga kanye nolaka olukhulu ngoba lowo okade eyolandwa usala khona lapho kuleyondawo kufane nokuthi akalandwanga ukungaziswa ngokusendleleni kubanga ulaka kolowo olandiwe kuthi uma kuhanjwa ngemoto kucishe kufe abantu uma sekufikwa ekhaya ngaphandle kwesango basuke belindwe yimbuzi kanye nokhamba lotshwala ngokwesintu imbuzi isilwane sokumema idlozi lisondele lokhu kubalulekile ikakhulukazi kulowo osuke elandiwe ezohlanganiswa nabaphansi ukhamba lotshwala lona luhlanganisa abomndeni kanye nabaphansi ukuze baphuze ngephunga abangasekho imbuzi inikezwa ihlamvu lomlahlankosi uma ilidla kusho ukuthi umuntu olandiwe ufikile emndenini uma ingalidli kusho ukuthi akafikanga ekhaya kukhona iapho bemshiye khona uma sebesuka esangweni sebengena ngaphakthi endlini lowo osuke ephethe uhlamvu uyaye atshele lolandiwe lamazwi sibanibani esho igama lakhe sesingena ngaphakathi ekhaya sicela nawe ungene uhlangane nomndeni uma sekungeniwe ngaphakathi usokhaya ushisa impepho emsamo ukuzobikela abaphansi ukuthi uselandiwe usibanibani ucela ukuba bamamukele usokhaya ubikela abangasekho athi nina bokhokho nangu usibanibani sesifikile naye simlande le ekudeni usezohlangana nomndeni sizomxhumanisa nani sicela nimamukele emndenini naye aphile kanye nani uma konke kuhamabe kahle imbuzi ibe isihlatshwa inyama idliwe ngabomndeni inyongo inceba nehlamvu lomlahiankosi kuyahianganiswa kulondolozwe ngusokhaya ihlamvu lomlahlankosi elisalayo lihlonywa phezulu ezintungweni exhibeni kuthi umhiwehlwe waleyo mbuzi nawo ulondolozwe ezintungweni zexhiba ihlamvu liba siskhumbuzo sokuthi lo obeyolandwa usekanye nawo umndeni nanini abadala bomndeni bahlala ezintungweni bayaziswa nabo ukuthi lowo obelandiwe usekanye nabo kudingeka bambungaze umhlwehlwe uye ushiswe kanye nempepho uma kukhona abafuna ukukubika emadlozini mayelana nezinkinga zomndeni phela uma umhlwehlwe usuhlangene nempepho uba yiphunga elimnandi kwabayidlozi lekhaya uwilliam henry blum wazalwa ngomhlaka ku mashi washona ngomhlaka disemba ubengumbhali wezincwadi usomlandu kanye nomgxeki wenqubo yomgomo wase united states foreign policy ubehlala ewashington dc ublum wazalelwa ebrooklyn enew york city ezalwa nguruth ne katz kanye no isidore blum abazali bakhe babengabantu abangamajuda abafika bebuya epoland polish jewish immigrants ubaba wakhe wayesebenza ngomshini yena wayeqede imfundo yase erasmus hall high school kanti wathola iziqu ze accountancy ngo esikhungweni se city college school of business and civic administration kanti kamuva lekholishi yaziwa ngokuthi yi baruch college of the city university of new york waqala ukusebenza njenge computer programmer kwa ibm ngemuva kwalokho wathathwa ngumyango kahulumeni i state department wayenogqozi lokuba yisikhule esisebenzela ezangaphandle njenge foreign service officer ngokuchaza kwakhe ukuthi abambe iqhaza kwimpi nombhidlango wokulwa nobukhomanisi we anti communist crusade ublum waqala ukukhathazeka ngempi yemmelika yokulwa nezwe lasevietnam eyaziwa ngokuthi yi vietnam war kanti wagcina ngokuyeka esikhundleni sokusebenzela umbuso ngo kulesi sikhathi wase eqale ukubamba iqhaza kwimibhikisho yokuphikisana nempi yasevietnam kanti futhi waqala iphephandaba nokuba ngumhleli walo iphephandaba elaziwa ngokuthi yi washington free press elalikhishwa kabili ngeviki kodwa ubukhona balo abuthathanga isikhathi eside ngo wabhala imibhalo ayishicelela eyaveza amanyala e cia in which were revealed the names and addresses of more than cia lapho khona aveza amagama abasebenzi be cia wasebenza njenge freelance journalist e united states e europe nase south america phakathi kuka ublum wasebenza njengombiko wezindaba ezweni lase chile lapho abika khona ngohulumeni ka allende wemizamo yokuqala uhulumeni wobusashalizimu i socialist experiment phakathi neminyaka yoma wasebenza e london esebenza nalowo owayesikhuli esasikade sisebenza e cia uphilip agee kanye nozakwabo besebenza kwiprojekthi yokudalula amanyala nobubu obenziwa ngabasebenzi be cia wayezondla ngemibhalo yakhe kanye nokuhamba ekhuluma emakhempasi amakholishi ezincwadini zakhe azibhala kanye nakumakholomu ayewashicilela kwi online ublum wabhala imibhalo egxila kakhulu kububi obenziwa yi cia kwamanye amazwe nozungu lokubulala abaholi nabantu bakwamanye amazwe unoam chomsky uthe incwadi kablum nge cia iyincwadi engcono kakhulu kunazo zonke kulesi sihloko se cia ubesakaza i newsletter abayikhipha kanye ngenyanga yesihloko esithi the anti empire report abayithumela kubantu kuwo wonke umhlaba ngama email ublum wachaza injongo yakhe enkulu empilweni kanjena uma kungekhona ukuphelisa i american empire okungenani ukuyenza ukuthi ihambe ngonyawo lonwabu ebubini bayo kumazwe omhlaba ekwenzeni ububi kanye nokubangela isihluku nenhlupheko enkulu kumazwe omhlaba ngonyaka ka ublum waba yisihloko okukhulunywa ngaso kakhulu kwabezindaba ngemuva kokuba u osama bin laden ekhiphe isitatimende asikhiphela wonke umhlaba se public statement lapho khona acaphuna kwimibhalo ka blum nokuncoma ukuthi bonke abantu basemelika kumele bafunde incwadi kablum yesihloko esithi rogue state a guide to the world s only superpower ngenxa yokuthi u osama bin laden ekhiphe lesi sitatimende izinga lokuthengwa kwencwadi kablum senyuka ngesivinini esiphezulu ngangimangele kakhulu kanye nokushaqeka kodwa ngokuhlekisayo lapho ngizwa lokho okushiwo ngubin ngencwadi yami kuphawula ublum ngangithokozile ngangazi ukuthi lokhu kuzosiza intengiso yencwadi yami kanti futhi ngangingakhathazeki ngokuthi lookhu kushiwo ngubani uma evumelana nami ngombono wokuthi abantu bawuzonda kanjani umgomo we us maqondana nendlela ebhekana nawo namazwe angaphandle ngeke ngaxabana naye uma lokho akushoyo kuvumelana nencwadi yami ngicabanga ukuthi ukuvumelana nemibono yami ngeke kwangiphazamisa maqondana nokwamukelwa kwencwadi yami ngu bin laden ublum wabeka kanjena lokhu kufana nokuthi incwadi yami ingezinye zezincwadi zika oprah book kwi inthavyu ayenza ku msnbc countdown wabeka wathi eqinisweni ngumgomo wendlela i us ebhekana nayo namazwe omhlaba okubangela inzondo yamaphekulazikhuni yizinto esizenza kumazwe omhlaba akulona iqiniso lokho okushiwo yikomkhulu i white house kokuthi amazwe omhlaba azonda inkululeko yethu kanye nedimokhrasi lawo ngamampunge odwa ipropaganda ngomhlaka kumeyi kumbhalo we article yesihloko esithi come out of the white house with your hands up ublum wabhala wathi selokhu u bin laden ancoma incwadi yami ngomhla ka januwari angikaze nginikezwe ithuba lokukhuluma kunoma yiyiphi ikhempasi lokhu kwenzeka ngisho noma isikhathi sika januwari meyi kuvamise ukuba yisikhathi engisuke ngimatasatasa kakhulu ngezinkulumo kumakhempasi ublum ushone ngomhla ka disemba e arlington virginia ngenxa yokuhluleka kwezinso ukusebenza kahle i kidney failure ubeneminyaka engu lokhu kwenzeke ngemuva kokuliama kwi apartment yakhe ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule deuteronomy bhekinkosi zeblon ntuli kunhlaba we owaziwa ngod b z ntuli okuyisifinyezo samagama akhe womathathu kanye nesibongo sakhe untuli ungumbhali wamanoveli izincwadi kanye nezindaba ezimfushane waseningizimu afrika ubhala ngolimi lwesizulu untuli ungomunye wababhali abanegalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukufundwa kanye nokuhlelwa kolimi lwesizulu uphinde ahumushe izincwadi ezibhalwe ngolimi lwesingisi azihumushele esizulwini incwadi egqamile ayihumusha ile kanelson mandela esihloko sithi uhambo olude oluya enkululekweni long walk to freedom untuli ungomunye wabasunguli benhlangano yababhali eyaziwa ngokuthi usiba untuli wazalelwa endaweni yasogcotsheni eshowe enyakatho nekwazulu natali wafunda imfundo yamabanga aphakeme esikoleni samakhatholika esisemariannhill esaziwa ngokuthi ist francis college lapho aqeda khona umatikuletsheni ibanga le waphothula iziqu zakhe enyuvesi yakwazulu ngenkathi eqeda kwethweswa iziqu zakhe waya kosebenza esiteshini sezokusakaza kwa sabc lapho ayesebenza khona njengomdidiyeli kanye nomethuli wezinhlelo zesizulu lomsebenzi wawenza iminyaka emithathu emumva kwalomsebenzi wathola umsebenzi enyuvesi yaseningizimu afrika lapho ayezoba khona ngumfundisi emnyangweni wezilimi zase afrika ngonyaka wezi wathweswa iziqu zobudokotela wezincwadi d litt degree wazithola khona enyuvesi yaseningizimu afrika unisa waphinde waba yinhloko yomnyango omncane wesizulu khona e unisa lesi isikhundla asiphatha iminyaka engama ngaphambi kokuthi athathe umhlalaphansi ngonyaka wezi umphemba wabhala izincwadi ama eseyi kanye nezindaba ezimfushane eziningi ezahlukahlukene usebhale washicilela izindaba kanye nama eseyi angama eminye imisebenzi yakhe kubalwa izincwadi eziyi kanye namaqoqo ezinkondlo ayisi kweminye imibhalo uphinde abhale ngokuhlanganyela eminye abe ngumhleli incwadi yakhe yokuqala esihloko sithi ubheka yashicilelwa eneminyaka engama ngonyaka wezi incwadi yakhe yesisbili ngiyoze ngimthole yashicilelwa ngonyaka wezi untuli lapho aba khona negalelo elikhulu isezindabeni ezimfishane kanye nakuma eseyi nokho uphinde ahumushe imibhalo eminingi ayiyise esizulwini imisebenzi yakhe yokuhumusha egqamile kubalwa incwadi kanelson mandela i long walk to freedom wayiguqula yaba nesihloko esithi uhambo olunde oluya enkululekweni enye incwadi ayihumusha ileyo ka kahil gibran esihloko sithi the prophet ayihumusha yaba nesihloko esithi umphulofethi ngemisebenzi yakhe yemibhalo ehlukahlukene usahlabana izindondo ezingaphezu kwama izihlandla ezine zilandelalana eminyakeni engama usahlabana nendondo ibw vilakazi bw vikazi award okuyindondo yombhalo wesizulu oseqophelweni eliphezulu lendondo wayeyehlabana ngezincwadi zakhe okubalwa kuzo imicibisholo kanye izezizenze okuyizindaba ezimfishane kanye nama eseyi izimpande okungumlando wemibhalo yesizulu kanye nethi imilando yakwazulu okungumdlalo imibhalo eyisithupa yezifundo zobudokela esibhaliwe ngemisebenzi yakhe umkhosi woselwa noma umkhosi wokweshwama owawugujwa ekuqaleni noma ekugcineni kwenkwindla lona ngumkhosi womthandazo wesizwe samazulu lapho kusuke kubongwa khona konke okuhle okwenzeke onyakeni okubalwa kukho imvula ukudla ikuningi nokunye okuningi okuhle kulo mkhosi inkosi iyona eqala ngqa ukudla okusha ukusanda kuvunwa emasimini ngalenkathi abantu abavumelekile ukuthi bakudle ukudla okusha inkosi ingakakudli owayengeqa lomthetho wayengabulawa nokubulawa ngoba wabe etshengisa ukungahloniphi ubukhosi kanye nabaphansi lomkhosi usuke wenzelwa kakhulu abesilisa abasebancane ikakhulukazi abangakasokwa lona ngumkhosi osuka emandulo futhi awugujwa amazulu kuphela kepha ugujwa izizwe esiningana ezise afrika eseningizimu lona ngomunye wemikhosi eyavuselelwa isilo samabandla ugoodwill zwelithini kabhekuzulu ngonyaka we ugujwa esigodlweni sengonyama yamazulu enyokeni kwanongoma ngayo yonke iminyaka ngenyaka kazibandlela inkosi inyathela uselwa oluphekwa ngemithi enamandla inkosi ihlala igonqile kulendlu akungeni muntu ngaphandle kukanina nesalukazi esingasagezi inkosi iyawuzila umdlukulu wayo ngenkathi igonqile ihlala nsensila yayo kanye nenyanaga eyiqinisa ngamakhubalo anohlonzo amabutho akha amadlangala azungenze umuzi wenkosi ngale nkathi amabutho ahuba amahubo empi ekuseni nantamabama e inkosi ikhwifa ilanga ngosuku lokungena komkhosi kusondezwa umhlambi omnyama bese kulethwa inkunzi emnyama le nkunzi ayihlatshwa ngomkhonto noma ngesinye isikhali kepha amabutho asebenzisa izandla zawo ukuyibulala amabutho angena nayo esibayeni bese ayayizungeza eyisonta ayiqhumise ithambo lesijungujungu iyabengwa umbengo unikwa inkosi ucwiliswe emithini enamandla inkosi imfimfithe iqatha ililahle imibengo iphonswa phezulu amabutho ayinqake amfimfithe owele phansi awudliwa imbongi iqephuza inkosi bese imemezela ukuthi owezulu usedlile ngakho izwe lingeshwama impendulo kuba ukuduma kuka bayede uyizulu kuyagidwa kwenanywe kuhlatshwe ezekhethelo izinkomo kufinywe ngendololwane abantu sebegadla ukudla okusha bashaye udolo qina dolo qina lona ngumkhosi osuka emandulo futhi awugujwa amazulu kuphela kepha ugujwa izizwe esiningana ezise afrika eseningizimu esizweni sakwazulu lomkhosi waqalwa ngushaka kasenzangakhona ebukhosini bamaswazi umkhosi ofanba nawo lona ubizwa ngokuthi incwala uncibijane okanye usuku lonyaka omusha iholide lapho umhlaba wonke usuke ubungaza ukuqala konyaka omusha ngokwesibalizinsuku se gregorian lolu suku lugujwa mhla zi kumasingana minyaka yonke ngalolu suku kuba khona imugubho eminingi emhlabani wonke jikelele lolu suku lubalulekile ngoba lihlanganisa abantu abaningi uma lubungazwa amazwe amaningi alugubha ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene lolu suku ngalolu suku kuba khona imigubho eminingi ezindaweni eziningi kubungazwa ukuqala konyaka omusha ezintathakusa zalulu suku abantu baphumela ngapahandle ukuyobuka amakhrikhethi anemibala ekhangayo futhi aqhuma ngezindlela ezahlukahlene abangani izinhlobo kanye nezithandani bonke bahlala ndawonye ukugubha lolu suku abantu balugubha ngzindlela ezahlukahlukene abnaye bosa inyama abanye hahambele imicimbi eyahlukahlukene esuke ibanjelwe ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene eningizimu afrika sekwaba yisiko lokuthi ngesikhathi kushaya ihora le ngesikhathi kushlukana unyaka iziteshi zomsakazo zidlale ingoma ngalesi sikhathi lengoma kuba yiyo ingoma yonkaya noma ehlukanise unyaka ingoma ehlukanisa unyaka esiteshini somasakazo sakwa sabc ukhozi fm kuba yiyo eba nedumela elikhulu masikandi umculo owasungulwa eningizimu afrika oculwa ngolimi lwesizulu lona umculo odlwalwa kakhulu ngesigincgci lo lu hhlobo lomculo ludume futhi luthandwa kakhulu esifundazweni sakwazulu natali okudala lokhu ukuzinza kwesizwe samazulu kulesi sifundazwe yize umculo kamaskandi udume kakhulu esifundazweni sakwazulu natali ubuye uzwakale udlala kakhulu egoli kanye nasekapa udlalwa ngamazulu kulezi zindawo yize llu hlobo lomculo selinedumela esikhathini samanje kususkela kudala wabe uthathwa njengomculo wabelusi bezinkomo ngabantui basemadolobheni okanye emalokishini abantu ababenza lolu hlobo lomculo babebukelwa phansi nawo lomculo ukhuzani nguye oseyinkosi kamaskandi igama elithi masikandi lingumfakelwa olimini lwesizulu lisuselwa egameni lesibhunu elithi musikant uma lihunyushelwa esizulwini lisho umuntu ongumculi leli gama elithi umaskandi lingasho uhlobo lomclo kanti futhi nomuntu owenza lomculu ubizwa ngomasikandi okusho ukuthi leli gama linemiqondo emibilili futhi lisetshenziswa ngokushintshana umasikandi umuntu owabe eziculela elekelelwa isigingci noma yinkostini umasikandi futhi ungasho umculo wesintu lapho umculi wawo ethula khona imizwa yakhe futhi ezibongela noma ezihasha noma ecula ngalokho akubona emphakathini esebenzisa isiginci noma inkostina ukukhipha imisindo umculo kamasikandi kungashiwo ukuthi uwubuciko bomlomo lapho umqambi womculo usuke ethula khona imizwa yakhe ezibongela noma ezihasha indlela awudlulisa ngawo lomyalezo ukuthi acule asebenzise nesigingci okuyinto ehlukile kosonkondlo ngoba bona bayahaya abasebenzisi iziginci kanye nezinkostina omaskandi abaningi bacula ngezimo abahlangabezana nazo empilweni kanye nezinto abazibona nsuku zonke ukusebenzisa izibongo nezihasho ezingomeni zabo kwenza umculo kamasikandi uzwakalise sankondlo lolu hlobo lomculo lungabalulwa ngokuthi uhlobo lwenkondlo yesimanje amazulu kusukela emandulo abe eyithanda ingoma futhi ekwazi ukuqamaba izingoma ngalezi zikhathi kwakungasethenziswa zinsimbi ukwenza umculo kepha kwabe kusetshenziswa izigubhu izimpomdo kanye namaphimbo nokunye okuningi amazulu aqala ukubona isigingci ngonyaka ye lapho kwakufika khona amaputukezi osebeni lwasenatali ukusbenzisa lezi zinsimbi zasentshonalanga indlela yokwenza umculo yabe isishintsha ngalesi sikhathi ngoba amazulu azithola esesungula ezinye izinhlobo zomculo kodwa ngokufunda kuyavela ukuthi waqala ukwenziwa emahostela ezindaweni zasemaphandleni kanye nasezimayini ngiminyaka yezi s ngokubuka umlando waseningizimu afrika ngesikhathi sengcindezelo ama afrika ikakhulukazi abesilisa babephoqelekile ukushiya ezindaweni zabo baye emadolobheni ukuyofuna umsebenzi abaningi babeya kosebenza emafemini abanye beya ezimayini ezimba igolide namanye amaminerali lapha abesilisa babahlaliswa ezindaweni zasemahostela nguhulumeni wangeleso sikhathi abanye behlala ezikompolo zasezimanyini ezimanyini kanye nasemafemini kwabe kunezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene phakathi kwalezi zinhlanga kwakukhona amabhunu ayedlala umculo ngezinkostina kanye nezigingci lokhu kwawaheha kakhulu amazulu kwagcina sekunomthelela omkhulu emculweni wesizulu namzulu agcina eseyithathile lendlela yokudlaa umculo nabo baqhamuka nohlobo lomculo lwabo lomculo olwagcina selubizwa ngokuthi umaskandi kuwo lamahostela ukuze bazijabulise babelalela umculo kamsakandi owabe uqanjwa futhi uculwa ozakwabo ababesebenza nabo futhi behlala nabo omasikandi abaningi babeculela ukuthokozisa abantu ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene okubalwa kuzo emahostela emgwaqeni kanye nasezindaweni ezinye eziningi omaskandi ngalesi sikathi babengawuqophi umculo wabe babewudlala kulezi zindawo ezibaliwe kuphele lapho okusho ukuthi umculo wabe wabe uphelela khona kulezi zindawo wabe ungasabalali umaskandi wokuqala ukuqopha igama lakhe kwabe kungu john bhengu owaduma kakhulu ngelikaphuzushukela bhengu lomaskandi ungomunye womaskadi abaqala ukucula emakhoneni emigwaqo yetheku ujohjn bhengu wafika egoli ngeminyaka yezi s wahlangana nomenzi womculo wombhaqanga waqopha imculo wakhe okokuqala osihloko sithi ilanga libalele nguye owenza ukuba lolu hlobo lomculo luqgame futhi luthathwe njengolunye lohlobo lomculo waseningizimu afrika ukuqopha kwakhe izingoma zakhe futhi edlala nesigingci sakhe wazuza imakethe yamazulu okwenza kwabonakala ukuthi likhulu igalelo ilangadlalwa yilomculo omasikandi abaningi ngalesi sikhathi umculo wabo wabe uqondiswe ekulweni nohulumeni wobandululo ngeminyaka yezi s iqembu lomculo elabe lizibiza ngokuthi i juluka nalo labe lenza umculo kamasikandi yize lei qembu laqala ukucula ngeminyaka ye s leli qembu laqopha umlando ngokuthi lihlanganise umlungu kanye no afrika ngesikhathi sobandlululo okwadala izinkinga eziningi umculo walo wagcina usiuvaliwe ukudlalwa emsakazweni yaseningizimu afrika ijuluka yabe lakhiwe ngujohnny clegg kanye no sipho mchunu abaculi abafana nomgqashiyo ndlovu mfaz omnyama thwalofu phuzekhemisi hashi elimhlophe nabanye abaningi ababecula umasikandi ababumile ngazo lezi zikhathi ubusi mhlongo indlovukazi kamaskandi waba ngowokuqala wesifazane ukuba acule futhi aqophe lomculo umculo kabusi mhlongo waba uhalanganisa umaskandi kanye noculo wokholo ihashi elimhlophe naye wazakhela udumo oluningi ngaleminyeka yize naye aqala ukucula ngenimnyaka yezi s ngeminyaka yezi s wabe eskhiphe ama alibhamu amaningi aba yisasasa ngalesi sikathi isimo sabe simuncu eningizimu afrika njengoba kwabe sekubhekwe okhethweni lukazwelonke futhi kukhona nezimpi zezombusazwe abantu babefa ngalesi sikathi kubangwa zona ezombusazwe abaculi abafana nophuzekhemisi nabanye abaningi amaculo abo abe ebehekise ekulweni nalolu dlame beqgugquzela abantu ukuthi abashiye phansi izikhali iqembu lomculo elibizwa ngokuthi izingane zoma nalo lazenzela idumela ngalelinyaka umculo waleli qembu wabe uqanjwa ngezehlakalo zezombuswazwe ezabe zenzeka nagalesi sikhathi okusayindlela abasayisebenzisa namanje ngayo lenkathi seludlulile udlame iningizimu afrika isisenkululekweni amaculo omasikandi amaningi abe esekhuluma ngayo lenkululeko umculo kamasikandi nawo wayidlala indima enkulu ekuletheni inkululeko eningizimu afrika abaculi abaningi umculo wabo babewudayisa kwamakhasethi nama sidi abanye babeqopha amavidiyo ayedlala kumabonakude amanye amavidioy adayiswe kumakhasethi evidiyo lokhu kutshengisa ushinthso noma impucuzeko ekudayiseni umculo umculo kamsakandi wabe usenedumela elikhulu ngoba amaculo amaningi abae esezwakala emskazweni amanye ayabonakala kumabonakude ngaso lesi sikathathi izinto okuculwa ngazo kanye nendlela okuculwa ngayo sekushintshe kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nangesikathi lomculo usaqala iqembu lomculo ushwi nomuntekhala omasikandi abagamile ngalesi sikhathi kubala umgqumeni ongasekho emhlabeni thokozani langa mtshengiseni igcokama elisha jaiva zimnike amageza amahle nabanye abaningi indlela yokucula loculo ayikakashinthsi kakhulu ngoba laba abacula lolu hlobo loculo basacula ngezimo zempilo uthhando abanye bacula izihayo njengoba kwakunjalo kwasekuqaleni amaculo amasikandi adiyiswa ngama sidi omunye utholakala kwi intanethi banye omasikandi baqopha amavidiyo bawadayise kuma dividi omsikandi kudala abaningi babengahamibisani nezemfashini uma becula babevunula noma bazigqokele imiblaselo omsiakandi besimanje sebeyayibheka indlela ababukeka ngayo ngoba manje iningi labo kungashiwo ukuthi bangoisweenka abasekho omasikandi abavunulayo uma beya kocula eziteji noma uma kunemicimbi lokhu kutshengisa ushintsho kule ndima yomculo ukuthi nakhona isikhona impucuzeko umculo kamaskandi usuke wahlanganiswa nezinye izinhobo zomculo okubalwa kuzo i kwaito house hip hop kanye nezinye izinhlobo iqembu lomculo wekwaito alabe laziwa ngokuthi yi boom shaka elaliholwa ngulebo mathosa lahlangana nohashi elimhlophe ukwenza umculo ohlanganisa ikwaito kanye nomsakandi umculi wohlobo lomculo we hip hop owaziwa ngokuthi u zuluboy esekhipha i alibhamu yakhe yesibili esihloko esithi inqolobane wasebenza no bhekumuzi luthulu emaculweni emaningi kule alibhamu uzuluboy kule alibhamu wahlanganisa umculo we hip hop kanye nomsakndi wakhipha ingxube yomculo ayeyiqambe ngikuthi yi skandihop akekho omunye oseke wanza okunje emculweni waseningizimu afrika umculo kamaskandi uyaqhakambiswa emsakazweni kanye nakumabonakude ezinhlelweni eziningi kumabonakude kukhona uhelo oludlala esiteshini sakwa sabc u sabc uhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi ezodumo lapho kuqhakambiswa imiculo yesintu kulelu hlelo kuqahakambiswa nomculo kamaskandi kuvela amaculo omasikandi abahlukene abanye bazocula bukhoma estudiyo salolu hlelo kunohlelo oludlala esiteshini somkazakazo ukhozi fm olubizwa ngokuthi i sigiya ngengoma kulolu hlelo kudlalwa umculo kamaskandi kuphela lapha kuqhakanjiswa umculo kamaskandi womsikandi asebengene shi kulendima nabasafufusa ubhodloza nzimande waba negaleleo elikhulu ekugqamiseni nasekuthuthukiseni ukudlalwa kwalomculo emsakazweni ikakhulukazi ukhozi fm okwenza ukuba uzwiwe abalandeli abaningi kakhulu umcimbi wezindondo zomculo waseningizimu afrika owaziwa ngokuthi yi south african music awards sama uyazama omaiskandi ngoba abanye sebeka basizithola lezi zindondo uhlobo uluningi lwemiculo wesintu okubalwa nomculo kamasikandi awukutholi ukugqanyiswa njengezinye izinhlobo zomculo kulezi zindondo yingakho kwasungulwa izindondo ezibhekiswe ngqo emculweni wesintu lezi zindondo ziqhakambisa igalelo labaculi bomculo wesintu wezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene umcimbi walezi zindondo ubizwa ngokuthi i south african traditional music achievment awrds satma awards ubanjwa minyaka yonke kukhona ezinye izindondo ezasungulwa zibizwa nhgokuthi amantshontsho kamasikandi awards kulelezi zindondo kuqhakambiswa futhi kugqanyiswa igalelo lomasikandi emculweni kamasikandi lezi zindondo zibanjwa minyaka yonke esifundazweni sakwazulu natali ngoba yikuso lesi sufundazwe lapho kunabalandel abaningi bomculo kamasikandi ngenkathi kungenwa onyakeni we kwaqopheka umlando ngoba ingoma okwangenwa ngayo kuwo lonyaka kwaba ngeyamasikandi ukuhlukana konyaka we sekungena owe kwangenwa ngengoma ethi siyobulal uvan dammne eculwa ngumroza mkhathazi lo nyaka abathandi bamasikandi bawafunga ngokuthi unyaka wamabhinca ngoba phela kwaba kungenwe kuwo ngengoma kamasikandi lokhu kudla kwaleli culo lika masikandi umhlangananiso kwalinyusa idumela lalomculo ebantwini abaningi baseningizimu afrika nababengawunakile bawunaka faith xolile gasa kuncwaba we wayelungu lephalambde esifundazweni sakwazulu natali emele iqembu lenkatha freedom party ifp ufaith gasa waba negalelo elikhulu ekubunjweni kweningizimu afrika enoxolo njengoba eyengusihlalo wophiko labesifazane ehlanganweni ye ifp naye waba yilingu le codesa emele abesifazane waba negalelo kwimfundo yaseningimu afrika ngoba wangomunye ababeqeqesha futhi bethuthukisa uhlelo lemfundo yaseningizimu afrika ngesikhathi kuphela ubandlulo unkosikazi gasa wazalelwa edolobheni lasebloefonteni elisesifundazweni sasefree state eningizimu afrika waphothula izifundo zakhe wathola i diploma ezifundweni zobuhlengikazi ngonyaka we emva kokuphothla izifundo zakhe wahlabana nomfundaze wokufunda izifundo ze ba enyuvesi yakwazulu kusukela ngonyaka we kuya kowe kule nyuvesi wabe eyofunda isizfundo zomlando kanye nesibhunu lapho kwathi ngawo unyaka we wakethwa ukuba angene esigungwini esimele abafundi src kuyo lenyuvesi ilapho ahlangana khona noenoch gasa owagcina esengumyeni wakhe bobabili beno enoch bazibandakanya embuthweni owazina ngokuthi yi black concious movement ngonyaka we wathuthela edolobheni lase vryheid enyakatho yakwazulu natali lapho ayeyofundisa esikoleni samabanga aphakeme ikhethelo high school ngenkathi esenguthisha waba yilungu lenyunyana yothisha ayabe yaziwa ngokuthi yi natal teachers union okulapho aba ngumongameli walenhlangano isikhundla ayezosibamba impilo yakhe yonke khona endaweni yasevryheidi wazibandakanya kakhulu emsebenzini eyahlukahlukene yokusiza umphakathi ngaso lesi sikhathi esesevryheid wajoyina iqembu lezombusazwe elabe lisanda kubunjwa ngaleso sikhathi okwabe kuyi ifp wabe engumhloli wezikole esifundazweni sakwazulu natali ekubeni ngumhloli wezikole waphinde abe nelezikhundla ezilandelayo kusukela ngonyaka we waba yilungu le inkatha freedom party ngonyaka we ufaith wathola iskhundla sokuba ngunobhala kulenhlnagana yezombusazwe kuwo lonyaka futhi waphinda wakhushsulelwa eskhundleni sokubangusihlalo wophiko labesifazane enhlanganweni ye ifp lolu phiko labesifazane lalenhlanagano labe lisebenzisana nehlnagano i african national congress anc ngesikhathi kunodlame olukhulu olwabe luphakathi kwalaqembu ezombusazwe ngonyaka we emva kokhetho lukazwelonke wathola ithuba lokuba yilungu lephalamende laseningizimu afrika emele iqembu l ifp wagcina eseyilungu lesishayametheto sakwazulu natali ngonyaka we wajutshwa ngundunaknulu wakwazulu natali ngaleso sikhathi umphathiswa ulionel mtshali ukuba abe ngungqonqoshe wezemfundo namasiko esifundazweni sakwazulu natali wajutshwa kulesi sikhundla ngoba ungqongqoshe wangaphambilini u eileen kankosi shandu okwabe kunezinsolo zokuthi uqasha abantu ngetiye emynagweni ufaith wayesilungele lesi sikhundla ngoba wake waba nguthisha ngaphambilini futhi wabe eyilungu lenhlangano yothisha i natal teachers union shuthi wabe ezazi izingqinamba ezibhekene nothisha nokufundisa lesi sikhundla sokuba ngungqonqoshe saba nzima kuyena ngoba esanda kuqala wabe engasebenzeli ehhovisi enokusola ukuthi lithathakathiwe nagaloku waba esola ungonqongqoshe owayengaphambi kwake ukwenzeni lomkhuba wayesola ukuthi ihhovisi lithakathiwe ngoba ngenkathi esekulesi sikhundla wabandakanyeka ezingozini ezimbili zemoto kodwa wanagalimala kakhulu yikho lokhu okwanyusa izinsolo zokuthi kukhona isindla semfene waphinde wakhala ngokungalalelwa ngabasebenzi basehhovisi ngoba babe bethembeke kakhulu kueileen kankosi shandu yena befuna ukumdicilela phansi kwathi ngonyaka we wakhetha ukusula esikhundleni sokuba ngungqongqoshe wezemfundo kwazulu natali ngenxa yezinkinga abae ebhekene nazo kulesi sikhundla ekusuleni kwakhe kulesi sikhundla waqhubeka waba yilungu lesishayamthetho sakwazulu natali ufaith gasa waxinwa ukugula isikathi eside esibhedlela esindaweni yaserichards bay ufaith wadlula emhlabeni kusaphele izinyanga ezimbili nje vo emva kokushona komyeni wakhe washiya abantwana abahlanu umcgwabo wakhe wabanjelwa e imbizo hall endaweni yasempangeni urolfes robert reginald dhlomo wabhala izincwadi ezinhlanu zomlando mayelana namakhosi akwazulu zasetshenziswa kakhulu njengemithombo yezomlando waseningizimu afrika kubafundi besikole ngesikhathi sobandlululo kuze kube manje i selected short stories yakhe yashicilelwa kuqala ngowe yi institute for the study of english in africa ushicilelo olwalubuyekezwa lwashicilelwa eningizimu afrika yileyiya institute for the study of english in africa e rhodes university ngowe isbn ugriffiths mlungisi mxenge nhlolanja ngolwezi wazalelwa kwarayi indawo yokuhlala yasemakhaya ngaphandle kwedolobha laseking williams empumalanga kapa wayengummeli wamalungelo abantu eyilungu le african national congress i anc kanye nesishoshovu sokulwa ngombuso wobandlululo waseningizimu afrika ugriffiths mlungisi mxenge wayeyindodana endala kajohnson pinti nohannah nowise mxenge abazali bakhe babengabalimi kwarayi waqala imfundo yamabanga aphezulu esikoleni samabanga aphezulu eforbes grant secondari eginsberg kodwa waqeda umatukuletsheni wakhe esikoleni sasenewell high eport elizabeth ngezi nge wathola iziqu ze bachelors e nyuvesi yasefort hare ezifundweni ezigxila kwi roman dutch law nesingisi wajoyina inhlangano ye african national congress youth league ngesikhathi efunda umkhankaso wokuphikisana nemithetho yobandlululo owawubizwa ngokuthi yi defiance campaign kanye necongress of the people ekliptown kwaba nomthelela ekuqondisiseni kahle ezepolitiki noma ezombangazwe wabhalisela izifundo ze llb degree enyuvesi yasenatali kodwa ngo ngawo lowo nyaka waganana novictoria mxenge ngo izifundo zakhe zaphazanyiswa lapho egqunywa ejele ngaphandle kokuquliswa icala detention izinsuku ezingama nge waboshwa iminyaka emibili erobben island ngaphansi komthetho wokucindezela ubukhomanisi kanye nokuqhubekisela phambili izinhloso ze anc indodana yokuqala kamxenge umbasa yazalwa ngesikhathi eboshiwe nge umxenge wakhululwa erobben island futhi wanikezwa isijeziso somyalelo wokuvalwa umlomo banning order iminyaka emibili kanti phakathi kwezinye izinto lo myalelo wawumvimbela ukuthi angalubeki unyawo enyuvesi ngosizo lukadean of law faculty usolwazi ongasekho utony matthews wakwazi ukuqeda izifundo zakhe ze llb futhi waziphothula nge indodana yakhe yesibili uviwe wazalwa ngo nge umxenge waqala ukusebenza ngaphansi koqeqesho nokwenganyelwa ngurabie bugwandeen wenatali indian congress wabuye wazeziswa ngomyalelo wokuvalwa umlomo weminyaka emihlanu ngalowo nyaka nge wamukelwa ukuba ngummmeli wenkantolo ephakeme yaseningizimu afrika isupreme court of south africa ngonyaka olandelayo nge wavula ihhovisi lakhe lobumeli lezomthetho ethekwini indodakazi yakhe unamhla nayo yazalwa wamela amalungu e african national congress namanye amaqembu okwaziwa kakhulu wamela ujoseph mduli ilungu le anc nomkhonto wesizwe owabulawa ngesihluku ngengqayizivele engavamile ngemuva kwemizamo kamxenge kanye nengcindezi yamazwe angaphandle amaphoyisa amane abekwa icala lokubulala umduli umxenge waphinda wagqunywa ejele ngaphandle koukbekwa icala ngenxa yendima yakhe kwicala lokubulawa kukamduli wayeyilungu lekomiti elaligqugquzelela ukukhululwa ejele kukamandela futhi wasebenza njengelungu lenhlangano yabammeli bamalungelo abantu ilawyers for human rights umxenge wayengomunye wamalungu asungula inhlangano ye south african democratic lawyers association nge umxenge wabulawa yiqembu lezigelekeqe lababulali ababesebenzela umbuso wobandlululo elaliholwa ngudirk coetzee elokishini lasemlazi eningizimu netheku wadunywa ngaphambi kokuba izigebengu zababulali zombuso wobandlululo zimgwaze izinhlandla zamanxeba angama zamgidlabeza ngesando futhi zamnqamula umphimbo wakhe umzimba wakhe watholakala eduzane nenkundla yebhola e umlazi eminyakeni emine ngemuva kokubulawa komyeni wakhe uvictoria mxenge wadutshulwa wabulawa phambi kwezingane zakhe ekhaya labo lasemlazi ethekwini ngomhlaka kunovemba umphathi wezigelekeqe zasevlakplaas udirk coetzee wanikeza ubufakazi ngokubandakanyeka kwakhe ekubulaweni kukagriffiths mxenge wabuye wacela ushwele kwikhomishana yamaqiniso nokubuyisana ngisho noma abomndeni kamxenge baphikisana nesicelo sakhe sikashwele ucoetzee wanikezwa ushwele umxenge nomkakhe bobabili banikezwa i order of luthuli yesiliva nguhulumeni waseningizimu afrika umklomelo wakhe waqaphela nokubonga ukuzinikela kwakhe emkhakheni wezomthetho kanye nokuzinikela kwakhe okukhulu akwenza ekulweni nombuso wobandlululo eningizimu afrika inkulumo yesikhumbuzo ngovictoria nogriffiths mxenge ibanjwa kunyaka nonyaka ehoward college yasenyuvesi yakwazulu natali urobert mcbride urobert mcbride owazalwa ngo kujulayi wayeyisikhulu samaphoyisa edolobheni elikhulu kumasipala wase ekurhuleni ngesikhathi sobandlululo wayeyilungu lomkhonto wesizwe uphiko oluhlomile le african national congress futhi waboshwa wagwetshwa ngecala le terrorism ngemuva kokuba ehlasele iklabhu yasebusuku eyayibhizi kakhulu ngesikhathi sohlaselo lwakhe kwaba abantu abathathu ngofebruwari umcbride waqokwa njengomqondisi omkhulu we independent police investigative directorate ngomashi wamiswa emsebenzini kulesi sikhundla emiswa ngungqongqoshe wezamaphoyisa isinqumo sagudlulelwa eceleni yinkantolo yomthethosisekelo yaseningizimu afrika ngoseptemba umcbride wazalwa esibhedlela sase addington futhi wakhulela ewentworth isabhabhu eyayibeke ngokobandlululo lwebala njengeyamakhaladi le ndawo cishe iyibanga lamakhilomitha angu ukusuka ethekwini lapho abazali bakhe babengothisha wafunda e fairvale high school ewentworth futhi wabamba iqhaza kwimidlalo yebhola lombhoxo iragbi i karate umdlalo wesibhakele i chess i hockey kanye nebhola lezinyawo ngemuva kokushaywa ngumfana osekhulile endaweni yangakubo uyise wamfundisa ubuciko bokulwa be martial arts wathuthuka ngezepolitiki ezombangazwe esemncane ngenxa yomthelela kababa wakhe wathonywa ikakhulukazi yizincwadi ezimbili ik a j venter yesihloko esithi coloured a profile of million south africans echaza imizamo yezishoshovu zezombusazwe zamakhaladi ezifana nojames april udon mattera ujakes gerwel ubasil february noyisekazi wakhe umfundisi clive mcbride kanye ne soledad brothers the prison letters of george jackson ezabhalwa yilungu elasungula i american black guerrilla family umcbride wayaziwa kakhulu ngobuholi bakhe kwi cell eyabhoma iresturenti ye obhekene nebhola elithi why not restaurant kanye ne magoo bar ethekwini ngomhla ka juni uhlaselo lapha khona okwafa abesifazane abathathu abamhlophe kwathi abangu balimala waboshwa futhi wabekwa icala lokubhoma ethekwini wagwetshwe isigwebo sokubulawa kodwa kamuva waxolelwa kwisigwebo sokubulawa ngesikhathi esendaweni ejele lapho ayelindele khona ukubulawa ngo wakhululwa ejele ngemuva kokuthi izenzo zakhe zithathwe njengezombusazwe noma ezepolitiki kamuva wanikezwa ushwele kwikhomishana yamaqiniso nokubuyisana itruth and reconciliation commission trc eyanikezela ukuxolelwa kwabantu uma bedalula amaqiniso ngokuphelele kwizenzo zodlame ezazigqugquzelwa ngumzabalazo wezepolitiki noma umbangazwe ngemuva kokuba i anc ishintshe ukuphika kwayo kwizenzo zakhe zezepolitiki ukuthi yiyo eyayinikeze umlayezo wokubhoma uhulumeni weningizimu afrika ngaleso sikhathi wayeqikelela ukuthi isenzo sikamcbride kwakuyisenzo sokuhlasela nje izakhamizi ezingahlomile nezingenacala ngaphandle kwesizathu umbiko we truth and reconciliation commission south africa wathi kubonakala sengathi akuwona amaxhova alesi senzo eyangamalunga ezamaphoyisa aseningizimu afrika ngaphezu kwalokho ukugxekwa okuqondiswe ebunhlolini obenziwa ngendawo ye why not bar kungase kube ngezifanele kungashiwo ukuthi kwakumele ukuthi umcbride aqinisekise ngesikhathi ukuthi iningi lalabo ababezothinteka ngohlaselo lwakhe lokubhoma kwakufanele ukuthi kubonelelwe nokuthi kwakungenzeka imiphumela ibe ngaphezulu kokwakulindelwe umcbride nabanye banikezwa ushwele wokuxolelwa ngohlaselo ngisho noma ikhomishana yathola ukuthi ukuqhunyiswa kwebhomu kwabaukuhlukunyezwa okukhulu kwamalungelo obuntu kanye namanye amacala abandakanya ukulekelelwa kukagordon webster ukuthi abaleke emaphoyiseni ngo umcbride waklonyeliswa ngendondo ye medal in silver and the conspicious leadership star anikezwa yona ngabebutho lezempi likazwelonke i south african national defence force ngomsebenzi wakhe kanye nobuholi kwibutho lomkhonto we sizwe ujeffrey thamsanqa jeff radebe owazalwa ngo agasti ka ungumholi wezombangazwe waseningizimu afrika owaqokwa njengongqongqoshe wezamandla ngucyril ramaphosa ngo febhuwari waqala ukusebenza kuhulumeni waseningizimu afrika njengongqongqoshe ehhovisi likamongameli ukusukela ngo kuya ku ngaphambili wayengungqongqoshe wezobulungiswa nokuthuthukiswa komthethosisekelo kusukela ngo kuya ku u radebe yilungu lekhabhinethi eselibe yilungu isikhathi eside kakhulu likwikhabhinethi njengoba ebe yingxenye yombusu nokuba kwikhabhinethi isikhathi eside ukusukela ngonyaka ka nangaphansi kwabo bonke omengameli ukusukela ngo ngemuva kokuba kuqedwe inqubo yombuso wobandlululo u radebe wazalelwa ecato manor wahlala khona kwaze kwaba ngo lapho umndeni wakhe wasuswa ngendluzula waphoqelelwa ukuya kwamashu ushade nobridgette radebe ongusomabhizinisi wokuqala wabantu abamnyama kwezezimayini eningizimu afrika kanye nodadewabo wenjinga ecebe kakhulu engu billionaire mining magnate upatrice motsepe wafunda isiqu sezomthetho eyunivesithi yasezululand futhi waqeda isiqu se llm kwezomthetho wamazwe omhlaba ekarl marx university eleipzig ngo u radebe wajoyina i african national congress anc ngo ngesikhathi esengumfundi ngonyaka ka i anc yathumela uradebe emozambique futhi maduzane ngemuva kwalokho wathunyelwa etanzania lapho asebenza khona njengentatheli yezindaba esiteshini somsakazo edar es salaam ngemuva kokungena ezweni ngokungemthetho lapho ayethunyelwe yi anc ngaphakathi ezweni uradebe waboshwa ngo wabekwa icala ngaphansi komthetho wobuphekula obese ngaphansi kukahulumeni wobandlululo wagwetshwa iminyaka engu ejele erobben island ngemuva kwesiteleka sezinsuku ezingu uradebe wakhululwa ejele ngo ngemuva kokhetho lwentando yeningi luka uradebe wasebenze njengongqongqoshe wezemisebenzi kahulumeni emiphakathini ngaphansi kukamongameli unelson mandela ngaphansi kobuholi bukathabo mbeki uradebe wasebenza njengongqongqoshe wezinkampani zikahulumeni nanjengongqongqoshe wezokuthutha ngo febhuwari uradebe waqokwa njengongqongqoshe wezempilo obambele ngenxa yokugula okwakuqhubeka kukangqongqoshe wezempilo umanto tshabalala msimang chris hani nhlangulana mbasa wazalwa ngelika martin thembisile hani wabe engumholi weqeumbu lamakhomanisi eningizimu afrika elaziwa ngokuthi i south african communist party sacp aphinde abe ngumsebenzi ophuzulu womkhonto wesizwe uhani wabe engumphikisi onolaka wohulumeni wobandlululo wabulawa isigungu ngonyaka we uthembisile hani wazalwa mahla zingama kunhlangulana edolobheni elincane ecofimvaba etranskei ngokuzalwa ungowesihlanu ezinganei eziyisithupha ngonyaka we uhani waya kofunda esikoleni i lovedale lapho ayeyoqedela khona iminyaka yokugcina emibili emfundweni useke waqeda amabanga amabili onyakeni owodwa kabili kwathi eseneminyaka eyi emva kokuzwa ubaba wakhe echaza ngohlelo lobandlulo kanye neqembu le african national congress waba nexhala lonkungena kwi anc kodwa iminyaka yayingamvumeli wayesemncane kakhulu eseneminyaka engama esikoleni saselovedale uhani wajoyina uphiko lwentsha le anc anc youth league yize ukuzibandakanya kwezombuswazwe kwabe kungavumelekile ezikoleni zabamnyaka ngenkathi yobandlulo wagqugquzela abanye abufundi ukuba bajoyine iqembu le anc ngonyaka we uhani wafunda isingisi isilathini kanye nemibhalo yesimanje neyomdabu enyuvesi yasefort hare endaweni yase alice empumalanga kapa and modern and classical literature akazange azibandakanye kwezemidlalo wacshunwa ethi ngincamela ukuzibandakanya ekulweni nobandlulo kunokudlala ezemidlalo uhani kwingxoxo aba nayo kwiwanki ikhampeni wabalula ukuthi wayethole iziqu zakhe enyuvesi irhodes eseneminyaka engama uhani wajoyina i anc youth league njengesishoshovu sokulwa nholelo lwemfundo i bantu education act emva kokwethweswa iziqu zakhe wajoyina umkhonto wesizwe mk okwabe kuwuphiko lezempi le anc emva kokuboshwa ngaphansi komtheto wesuppression of communism act okwabe kuwumthetho ocindezela ubukhomanisi waya ekubhaceni ezweni laselesotho ngonyaka wezi ngenxa yokuzibandakanya nomkhonto wesizwe uhani waphoqwa uhulumeni waseningizimu afrika ukuba aye ekudingisweni okuyilapho alishitsha igama likatembisile wethiwa elikachris waqeqeshelwa kwezempi lasesoviet union waphinda waba kwimkhankaso empini yenkululeko ezimbabwe zimbabwe war of liberation ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi yi rhodesian bush war kulemikhankaso umkhonto wesizwe wabe usebenzisana nezimbabwe people s revolutionary army okwabe kuwuphiko lezempi lasezimbabwe elalilwela inkululeleko ngasekupheleni kweminyaka ye s umsebenzi i luthuli detachment waqinesekisa isithunzi sikahani njengesosha embuthweni omnyama owathatha owangena empini nobandlululo kanye nablingani balo indima yakhe njengomulwi ngonyaka we wabhalisana nabanye abayi i hani memorandum eyayigxeka kakhulu ubuholi bukajoe modise umoses kotane namanye amaqabane angabaholi elesotho wahlela umsebenzi wobuphekula we mk eningizimu afrika ngowe uhani wabe esgqame kakhulu kungokuba kwasekhona imizamo yokumbulala okwathi ekugcineni wathuthela ekomkhulu le anc elusaka ezambia njengenhloko ye umkhonto wesizwe kwakungumsebenzi wakhe ukulwa nobudlova bamvukelambuso ayengahumbisabisani nobukhomanis kwi anc emakamu okuboshwa kodwa wenqaba ukuthi wadlala indima ekuhlumezeni okuhlanganisa ukuzweisa ubuhlungu kanye nokubulala emva kokuchitha isikhathi eside emguhlanganisi wangasese eningizimu afrika phakathi neminyaka ye s wabuyela enignizimu afrika ngokugcwele emva kokususwa kwesinqabelo se anc ngonyaka we wathatha izintambo kujo slovo njengenhloko yesouth african communist party mhla ziyi kuzibandlela uchris hani wabulawa isigungu mhla zingama kumbasa ngaphandle kwekhaya lakhe edawn park okuyindawo eesdolobheni laseboksburg ehlala izinhlanga ezixubile wamiswa ngupholishi onguntamolkuhuni wokufika owabe engihambisani nobukhomanisi ogama lakhe ngujanusz walu owamdubula ngenkathi ephuma emotweni yakhe uwalus wabaleka endewani yesigameko kodwa washeshe waboshwa emva kukuthi umargareta harmse umama wamhlophe wase afrikaner wabona uwalus ngqo ngemuva kwesigameko ngenkathi edlula ngemoto wathinta amaphoyisa umakhelwane kachris hani naye wabona kwenzeka lesi sigameko emva kwesikakathi wakhomba uwalu kanye nemoto ayeyshayelo ngaleso sikhathi uclive derby lewis owabe eyilungu eliphezulu ephalamende lesouth african conservative party owayephinde abe ngungqonqgoshe oyisithunzi wezindaba zomnotho ngaleso sikhathi wayesanda kutsheleka uwalu isibhamu naye waboshwa ngegalelo lakhe ekubulaweni kukahani i conservative party yabe ihlubuke kwi national party np eyayibusa ngokuphikisana nezinguquko zikap w botha ngemuva kokukhethwa kuka kwakuyiqembu lesithathu elinamandla kakhulu endlu yemhlangano ngemuva kwenp futhi ephikisana nokuqedwa kobandlululo kukaf w de klerk ngokomlando ukubulawa kubonakala njengokushintsha uthuthuva olukhulu lwalandela emva kwalomshophi kwaba khona ingebhe yokuthi ezweni kungase kuqubuke udlame unelson mandela wathula inkulumo eyibhekise esizweni enxenxa abantu ukuthi behlise umoya kule nkulum wabe athathwa njengo mongamemeli nakuba wabe engakabu ngumongameli ngokusemthethweni wezwe kusihlwa ngizama ukufinyelela kuwo wonke umuntu waseningizimu afrika omnyama nomhlophe ekujuleni kobuntu bami umuntu omhlophe ogcwele ubandlululo nenzondo weza ezweni lakithi futhi wenza isenzo esibi kangangokuthi isizwe sethu sonke manje sibhekene nenhlekelele sifazane omhlophe osuka emabhunwini wafaka impilo yakhe engozini ukuze simazi futhi alethe ubulungiswa lo mbulali ukubulawa kukachris hani okunesihluku kwaletha ukushaqeka okukhulu ezweni lonke kanye nasemhlabeni manje sekuyisikhathi sokuba bonke abantu baseningizimu afrika bame ndawonye ngokumelene nalabo kusukela kunoma iyiphi ingxenye bafisa ukubhubhisa lokho uchris hani anikela ngempilo yakhe ukuze inkululeko yethu sonke tonight i am reaching out to every single south african black and white from the very depths of my being a white man full of prejudice and hate came to our country and committed a deed so foul that our whole nation now teeters on the brink of disaster a white woman of afrikaner origin risked her life so that we may know and bring to justice this assassin the cold blooded murder of chris hani has sent shock waves throughout the country and the world now is the time for all south africans to stand together against those who from any quarter wish to destroy what chris hani gave his life for the freedom of all of us nakuba udlame aluqubukanga emva kwalomshophi izinhlangothi zombili zenqubo yokuxoxisana zaqhuba ngokushesha futhi kwaba nesivumelano sokuthi ukhetho lentando yeningi kufanele lwenzeke mhla zingama kumbasa emva konyaka ngemva kokubulawa kukahani bobabili ujanusz walus noclive derby lewis bagwetshwa ngesigwebo sentambo ngecala lokubulala umkaderby lewis ugaye watholakala emsulwa ecaleni lokubulala isigwebo salamdoda womabili kwaba ngesikadilikajele ngoba isigwebo sentambo sachithwa emva komyalelo osuka enkantolo yomthethosisekelo ngonyaka we izicelo zabo zachithwa lapho i trc ikhipha umyalelo owawuthi laba bobabili babengathunywanga muntu ngemuva kwemizamo eminingi eyayihluleka uderby lewis wanikezwa ushwele wezempilo ngonhlaba wezi ngemuva kukuthola ukuthola ukuhti unomdlavuza wamaphaphu obulalayo wadlula emhlabeni emva kwezinyanga ezingama mhla zi kulwezi wezi mhla zi kundasa inkantolo enkulu yaseningizimu afrika esenyakatho egauteng yayala ukuthi uwalus akhishwe ngoshwele futhi inikezwe izimo zebheyili umnyango wezobulungiswa nezinsizakalo zokuqondisa izigwegwe wafaka isikhalo ngesiqumo sashwele enkantolo ephakeme yokwedlulisa izikhalazo ebloemfontein umnyango wezasekhaya ungahoxisa ubuzwe bakhe baseningizimu afrika ukubulawa kukahani kwaheha amahebezi eminingi emayelana nokubandakanyekanyeka kwabangaphandle umbiko wokugcina we trc wona wathi awukwazanga ukuthola ubufakazi bokuthi laba ababili ababeboshelwe ukubulala uchris hani babelandela umnyelelo ophuma enzinhlanganweni zaphesheya amaqembu ezokuphepha okanye ovela phezulu embuthweni yonantamolukhuni uhano wabe engumholi futhi onokwesekwa okukhulu yintsha eyabe ilwa nobandlululo ngesikhathi edlula emhlabeni wabe engumholi odumeile we anc ukulandela unelson mandela futhi ngezinye izikhathi wayebhekwa njengesitha ebuholini benhlangano bangaleso sikhathi ukulandela ukwenziwa kwe anc ibe semthethweni ukweseka kukahani inqubo yokuxoxisana nohulumeni wobandlululo kwakubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni amabutho esemqgeni ngonyaka we isazi sefilosofi sasefrance ujacques derrida wanikezela i specter de marx kuhani ngonyaka we isibhedlela ibargwanath okungesinye sezibhedlela ezinkulu emhlabeni yaqanjwa kabusha yaibazwa ngokuthi yichris hani baragwanath hospital ukumkhumbula ngomandulo we uhani wakhethwa waba ngowama kwabayi kabakhulu eningizimu afrika ezinsukwini emva kokubulwa kwakhe iqembu lomculo we rock idave matthews band omculi ophambili kanye nomshayi wesigcingci ngu dave matthews ongowokudabuka engingizimu afrika ukudlala kulokho okwagcina kungu i opera emfushane hani eyayibhalwe ngubongani ndodana breen kanye ne libretto ikhiqizwe ngumkhiqizi wamafilimu umfundi vundla banikwa igunya lokuyenza yi cape town opera kanye nenyuvesi yasekapa yakhonjiswa okokuqala ebaxter theatre mhla zi kulwezi umasipala wesifunda empumalanga kapa wabizwa ngokuthi umasipala wesifunda sasechris hani lesi sifunda sihlanganisa i queenstown cofimvaba no lady frere umasipala wasekhaya wasethembisile hani empumalanga nawo ubizwa ngegama lakhe ngezi ngemuva kokunwetshwa kwecentral line ekapa i terminus entsha ephakela izindawo esizempumalanga yekhayelitsha yethiwa elikachris hani umorris isaacson high school yisikole samabanga aphansi e soweto eyasungulwa ngo lesi sikole sathatha indima ebalulekile ekuqaleni kokuvukela kwesoweto ngo lesi sikole sabizwa ngo morris isaacson owayengumjuda ongumfuduki waselithuania ngo wayecebile ngokuhweba futhi wabeka isikhwama sabafundi abamnyama ukuba baqede imfundo yabo ezingeni leyunivesithi wayengu isaacson owaxhasa lesi sikole u isaacson wanikeza imali eyanele yokwakha isikole ngamakilasi ayishumi futhi yavulwa ngo nabafundi abangu lapho ibizwa ngokuthi i mohloding school siyakwamukela kwi workshop yoku editha yabothisha sicela ulungise amaphutha kulewikipedia ngo juni amaphoyisa aseningizimu afrika azama ukubopha u enos ngutshane enaledi high school wayengumholi wendawo wesouth african students movement wayethumele incwadi kuhulumeni mayelana nokufakwa kwesibhunu njengolwimi oluzosetshenziswa ezikoleni amaphoyisa awahluleka ukumbamba amaphoyisa athandwa ngamatshe futhi ivolkswagen beetle yavutha abafundi ngomhla ka juni abafundi babehlangene enaledi high school ukuba bahambe baye emorris isaacson high school ejabavu utsietsi mashinini umfundi esikoleni lesi sikhulu waba ngumholi wombhikisho wokubhikisha lolu hlelo lwaluzohlangana e orlando stadium kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho amaphoyisa afika futhi izingane zadutshulwa ngomhla ka meyi unelson mandela wavakashela lesi sikole ukugubha indima yesikoleni ekuguqulweni kukasoweto nokuvukela isizwe ngo lesi sikole saba namakilasi angu abafundi abangu kanye nabafundisi abangu kukhona isithombe sikateboho mashinini ngujohannes phokela ngezizathu ezavulwa ngomeyi ngomeya wasegoli i naledi high school yisikole samabanga aphansi sikahulumeni ku nape street esoweto isikole sithatha indima ebalulekile ekuqaleni kokuvukela kwesoweto ngo isikole sasungulwa ngo ngo kujulayi kwakukhona ingozi yebhasi eyayibandakanya abafundi abaningi esikoleni kanti kwabulawa abayishumi namuhla kunomlando wokuqopha i lourenco marques bus inhlekelele kanye nezisulu zawo esikoleni leli cala lavulwa eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu ngemuva kwengozi ngo ngo juni amaphoyisa aseningizimu afrika azama ukubopha u enos ngutshane owayengumholi wendawo wesouth african students movement ube ebhalile incwadi yokuphikisa kungqongqoshe wezemfundo ukuphikisa ukuthi izifundo ezifana nomlando i geography nezibalo ziyofundiswa phakathi kwebhunu amaphoyisa ahluleka ukumthatha namaphoyisa athandwe ngamatshe futhi ivolkswagen beetle yavutha abafundi u ngutshane akaboshiwe kwaze kwaphela isonto kanti ube esekhotho lapho kuqalwa ukuvukela kwesoweto abafundi babebuthene enaledi high school ukuba bahambe baye emorris isaacson high school ejabavu lolu hlelo lwaluzoba ukuhlangana e orlando stadium kodwa ngaphambi kokuba amaphoyisa afike futhi izingane zadutshulwa isikole sithole isilinganiso sepasenti ka kodwa sikwazi ukwandisa lokho ku ngo i alumni ephawulekayo ihlanganisa inhloko ibika izinga lokupasa elizungeze u ngo i plaque yavulwa ngo yimeya wasegoli u amos masondo ukufaka isandla sikanaledi egoli ukubuya ngalolo suku kwakungu enos ngutshane owayenephuzu lomhlangano elibizwa ngokuthi udumo lwakhe isikole sithemba ukwakha imyuziyamu esikoleni esingaba nemoto yokushiswa kwabafundi ngo umbuyisa makhubu owazalwa ngo noma ngo ungumfana wesikole waseningizimu afrika oneminyaka engu ubudala obhekene necala lokuthwala uhector pieterson esithombeni esidumile esithathwe ngusam nzima emuva kokudutshulwa ngesikhathi sokuvukela isoweto ngo siyakwamukela kwi workshop yoku editha yabothisha sicela ulungise amaphutha kulewikipedia ngemva kokukhishwa kwesithombe wahlukunyezwa yizinsizakalo zokuphepha futhi waphoqeleka ukuba abalekele eningizimu afrika umama wakhe unombulelo makhubu utshele ikhomishana yeqiniso neconciliation ukuthi wathola incwadi evela enigeria ngo kodwa wayengazizwa kuye kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ushonile ngo kubonakala sengathi wayengazi ukuthi kwenzekani endodaneni yakhe umbuyisa ungomunye wabashisekeli baseningizimu afrika unikezele isiphephelo enigeria ngokushesha ngemuva kwesigameko sasesoweto wayengomunye wabathathu abahlezi esikoleni esiphakeme sokugibela eningizimu enigeria enigeria ikhomishana kahulumeni kahulumeni iwarri ngonyaka wezemfundo ka kodwa bonke behluleka ukuxazululwa futhi baqhubekile phakathi nonyaka ngo kwavela ukuthi indoda uvictor vinnetou uboshiwe ecanada iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye emacala okuthutha abantu basemakhubu izivivinyo ze genetic zenziwa ukuze zithole ukuthi lo muntu ungumbuyisa makhubo ngempela kamuva kwabikwa ukuthi izivivinyo ze dna azizange ziqinisekise ukuthi lo muntu uthi ungumakhubu ukudumazeka komndeni kamakhubu nakuba ukuhlolwa kwe dna kubikwa ukuthi kwenzeke kulungu lomndeni ngaphandle kobudlelwano begazi kubo bobabili abazali dkt isaac sibusiso kubheka kundasa kulwezi wabe eyiqweqwe likathishanhloko abuye ngumbhali wamanoveli esizulu ukubheka wabe enguthishanhloko esikoleni samabanga aphakeme eselokishini lasemlazi evukuzakhe high school lapho aba begalelo elokhulu ekuthuthukiseni imfundo yabantu abamnyama ukhathide nagaphandle kokuba ngithishanhloko wnegalelo futhi ekuthikiseni ukubhala izindaba ngolimi lwesizulu ungumbhali wamanoveli amathathu okubalwa kuwo kungavuka abanguni ulaka lwabanguni kanye nethi umthathe uzala umlotha wonke lamanoveli aqukethe izindikimba ezifanyo ukhathide wazelwa endaweni esemaphandleni emnambithi ngonyaka we mhla zi kundasa imfundo yakhe yamabanga aphakeme wayithola pholela high school isikole esisendaweni yasebulwer epietermaritzburg emva kokuphothula umatikuletsheni waya kofunda izifundo ze ba kwisizulu kanyenomlando enyuvesi yasefort hare waqhubeka nokufunda okwathi ngonyaka we wahlabana ne honors ezifundweni ze ba enyuvesi yasenatali akamanga lapho nezifundo zakhe waqhubeka wazwe wathola i ma khina futhi enyuvesi yasenatali kwathi ngonyaka we ukubheka waqala umsebenzi wakhe wezobuthisha ngenjomsizi kathisha esikoleni samabanga aphakeme esesavlwa i loram secondary school ukathide wabhala waphinde amanoveli amathathu ashcilws yinkampnai eshicilelayo epietermaritzburg kwa shuter and shooter lamnoveli womathathu aqukethe indikimba efanayo ehamba pahambili okuyimfundo ukubheka wadlula emhla zi kulwezi we esibhedlela i kingsway emva kokugula isikhathi eside inkozo yakhe womngcwabo yabenjelwa esontweni lamaweseli kwa v emlazi dkt khenani lloyd makhoba ntulikazi nhlaba ngungoti wesizulu owabe engumlobi wezincwadi zolimu lwesizulu futhi wayephinde aba ngumfundisi enyuvesi yakwazulu ekhempasini yasongoye efundisa isizulu emkhakheni wezilimi namasiko ase afrika african languages and culture umakhoba ungomunye wabantu ababa negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ulimi lwesizulu ngaphandle kokufundisa isizulu ongoye wabuye wabhala incwadi esihloko sithi amancoko okuqala lapho ebhala khona ngamahlaya esizulu angahumusheki kahle uma eyiswa olimini lwesizulu umakhoba wazalelwa endaweni yasenembe ezalwa ngumbuyiseni kamkhosi makhoba kuthi unina kube ngu ebhi kamaphumulo makhoba ufunde ezkoleni eziningana ezamabnaga aphansi kubalwa lezi kwanomakhanzana primary school esindaweni yaseport shepstone wabuye wafunda nasesibanini primary school emthwalume wadlulela kulezi zikole emafumbuka primary waphinda wafunda emanyuswa senior primary school okuyisikole samabanga aphansi esisemlazi imfundo yamabanga aphezulu wayifundela ekwazini high school okuysikole esimlazi umatikuletsheni wakhe wawuphothulela esikoleni samabanga aphakeme emenzi high school naso okuysisikole esisemlazi emava kukuphothula imfundo yamabanga aphezulu wathola imfundo ephakeme enyuvesi yakwazulu ekhempasini yasongoye lapho ayefundela khona iziqu zobuthishela wabuye waphothula izifundo ze maters olimini lwesizulu enyuvesi yakwazulu lapho ayebuye afundise khona umsbenzi wobuthishela wawuqala esikoleni samabanga aphekeme ekwazini high school wadlulela lapha waba nguthishanhloko egagasini high school waphinde wafundisa empumalanga college kanye nasenyuvesi yasedurba westville umakhoba wahinde waba yiskhulu esibehkele amfa namasiko enhlanganwe yamasiko yaseningimu afrika eyaziwa ngokuthi south african heritage resource agency sahra ekuqhubekeni nemsbenzi yakhe umakhoba wayebuye abhale engosini ebizwa ngokuthi masicobelelane eyayiba esphephandabeni ilanga emva kwalokhu waphinde wathola ithuba lokuba abhale kwenye ingosi ebizwa ngokuthi inkundla yokucobelelana eba sephephndabeni isolezwe umakhoba wayephinde abe ngumlobi futhi abe ngumfundisi phecelezi lecturer ngalokho waloba izincwadi ezingi iningi lalezi zincwadi zabe zifundwa ezikoleni zamabanga aphansi kanye naphezulu waphinde wabe ngumfundisi enyuvesi yakwazulu lapho ayefundisa khona ubugugu kanye nolimilwesizulu emkhakheni wezilimi namasiko ase afrika lesi isikhundla asibamba waze wadlula emhlabeni imisebenzi kamakhoba kubalwa kuyo izindaba ezimfishane izinkondlo izincwadi kanye nobuciko bomlomo konke okubhalwe ngolimi lwesizulu kweminye imisbenzi wabe esebenzisana nabanye ongoti besizulu kusukela ngonyaka we umakhoba ubebhala ingosi eshicilelwa ngolwesibili ephephandabeni lesizulu eliphuma zinsuku zonke isolezwe lengosi ibizwa ngokuthi inkudla yokucobelelana ngobugugu kulengosi ubebhala ngsizindlela ezifanele zokusebezisa ulimi lwesizulu kuyo loengosi ubebuye abhale ngemilando yamagame izisho izaga njll umakhoba wadlula emhlabnei ngokuzuma okukhulu ngokubika kwabezindaba kuthiwa watholakala andlini ayeqashe kuyo njongoba ayefundisa enyivesi engasekho emhlabeni imbangela yokufa yanbe ingatholakali wedlula emhlabeni kwakungakapheli ngisho isonto ethweswe iziqu zobudokotela yinyuvesi yakwazulu ngonyaka we inyuvesi yakwazulu umakhoba yamhlonipha ngeziqu zobudokotela ukugqhakambisa igalelo ayelinambili ekuthuthukiseni ulimi lwesizulu kanye nasekufundiseni ngamagugu uzwelakhe sisulu disemba okthoba wayengumlobi wezindaba omnyama waseningizimu afrika umhleli kanye nomsunguli wephephandaba wayengumengameli we writers association of south africa kamuva owaba yi black media workers association of south africa noma i mwasa futhi wahola isiteleka sonyaka wonke ngo maqondana namaholo alungile kuma journalist abamnyama wayeyixhoba lokuhlukunyezwa ngaphansi kombuso wobandlululo eningizimu afrika futhi waboshwa cishe kathathu ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe kweze journalism ngemuva kokuphela kombuso wobandlululo waba isikhulu esiphezulu se south african broadcast corporation umndeni wakwazwelakhe usisulu waziwa kakhulu ngomzabalazo wokulwa nobandlululo eningizimu afrika wayeyindodana yesishoshovu sokulwa nombuso wobandlululo kanye nelungula le african national congress uwalter sisulu no albertina sisulu wayengumfowabo kamax sisulu usomlomo wesishayamthetho sikazwelonke nolindiwe sisulu ungqongqoshe wezabasebenzi bakahulumeni nezokuphatha ubaba wakhe wagwetshelwa ukudilikelwa yijele ngo ngesikhathi uzwelakhe sisulu eneminyaka engu ubudala usisulu nomkakhe uzodwa babenamadodana amabili nendodakazi eyodwa uzwelakhe sisulu waqala i career yakhe ye journalism ngo lapho esebenza njengemfundamakhwela intern kwinhlangano ye south african associated newspapers waba yi journalist kwiphephandaba le the rand daily mail lapho ayebika khona ngokuqubuka komzabalazo wasesoweto ngo futhi wasebenza lapho kwaze kwaba ngo wayengumhleli wezindaba wesunday post eningizimu afrika waze wavalwa umlomo banned ngo ngesikhathi esebenza e sunday post wagwetshwa ukuya ejele ngenxa yokwenqaba ukudalula ulwazi mayelana nemithombo yababiki bezindaba bakhe futhi wahola isiteleka sika esabangela ukuvinjelwa kwakhe ukwenza umsebenzi we journalism iminyaka embalwa ngemva kokuboshwa kwakhe ukuthi ahlale endlini angavunyelwa ukuzibandakanya nabanye abantu wanikezwa indondo yomfundazwe wenieman fellow emva kokuqeda kwakhe ifellowship ngo wasebenza kwiphephandaba lesowetan ngo wasungula iphephandaba le new nation eyavalwa ngo meyi ngaphambi kokuba aboshwe ngamaphoyisa futhi agqunywe ejele ngaphandle kokuquliswa icala njengengxenye yezimo eziphuthumayo nokuboshwa kwabantu abaningi eningizimu afrika ngaleso sikhathi leli phephandaba lalihambisana ne african national congress kanti futhi lokhu lalikubekwa ngokusobala kwi masthead yalo ethi the media of the powerless iphephandaba labangenamandla ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyiphephandaba laseningizimu afrika elikhulu kunawo onke la maphephendaba abamnyama ngemuva kokuthi akhululwe kwiminyaka engu yokuboshwa ngaphandle kokuquliswa icala futhi ngemuva kokuba i anc ivulwe umlomo usisulu wasebenza njengonobhala kanelson mandela kanye nomqondisi wezolwazi we african national congress ngemuva kombuso wobandlululo eningizimu afrika usisulu waba yinhloko ye south african broadcast corporation okuwuphiko lobusakazi baseningizimu ngo ngemuva kokusebenza e sabc usisulu wasungula i new african investments limited eyaziwa njengebhizinisi lokuqala abanikazi balo okwakungabantu abamnyama ellabhaliswa nejohannesburg stock exchange kanye nokuxhobisa abantu abamnyama ukubambisana kwenkampani kubandakanya indlu yokushicilela udavid philip isoweto tv neprimedia broadcasting uzwelakhe sisulu wayebandakanya i journalism kanye nomzabalazo ngesikhathi esebenza e the rand daily mail ngo waba umongameli wenhlangano yababhali ye writers association of south africa njengomongameli wahola imashi nezinye izintatheli zozakwabo zabamnyama wabe eseboshwa okwesikhashana umhleli kasisulu wamthethisa ngencazelo yakhe ukuthi wayesebenzisa inkululeko yakhe yokuhlanganyela nabanye umhleli wakhe wathi kuye ungamashi kumele ubhale usisulu waqala ukuqaphelwa emhlabeni wonke ecaleni elibandakanya ukulandelwa ngobunhloli ababenziwa kwizintatheli zabamnyama kwenziwa ngabombuzo wobandlululo ngesikhathi engumhleli wesunday post ngo usisulu wapheqululwa ngemibuzo ziphathimandla zombuzo wobandlululo mayelana nolwazi lwakhe lomuntu owayenguthombo owasetshenziswa ngumlobi wezindaba uthamsanqa gerald mkhwanazi usisulu wagwetshwa izinyanga ezingu ejele ngenxa yokwenqaba ukunikeza ngolwazi lomthombo wezindaba kwaba ngokokuqala ngqa lapho amaphoyisa avuma ukuthi umkhuba wokusebenzisa i wiretaps kwizingcingo zezintatheli okwakuvele kusolelwa kabanzi uzwelakhe sisulu wayengumholi wenyunyana ngesikhathi sesiteleka se mwasa lapho betelekela amaholo afanele kwizintatheli zabamnyama ngo kwakuyisiteleka sokuqala sezintatheli zabamnyama ngemuva kokuthi lesi siteleka sesiphelile walahlekelwe umsebenzi wakhe wavalwa umlomo ekwenzeni umsebenzi wobuntatheli wabe eseboshelwa endlini house arrest iminyaka emithathu kwaze kwaba ngu ekulesi sigwebo ukuboshwa kukazwelakhe sisulu mhla zingama kujuni kwakuphathelene nomthetho owawubizwa ngokuthi yi internal sercurity act obanye abaholi ababoshwa ngaphansi kwalo mthetho kwakungophil mtimkhulu umathatha tsedu usubri govende kanye nojoe thloloe wathola umfundaze we nieman fellow kusukela ngo uzwelakhe sisulu waboshwa kabili ngo amaphoyisa ambophela ekhaya okokuqala ngo juni usisulu wabe esebabiza ngokuthi izigebengu ezihlomile uhulumeni wamemezele ukuboshwa kwakhe ngemuva kweviki elilodwa kwaba khona izimemezelo zaphesheya zokuthi akhululwe abanye balabo abenza izimemezelo zokukhululwa kwakhe kwakuyinhlangano ye american society of newspaper editors asne wakhululwa ejele ngo julayi uzwelakhe sisulu wayesevele eqokelwe ukuba ngumqondisi webhodi yenhlangano entsha i article ngesikhathi eboshwa okwesibili ngo disemba waboshwa wagqunywa ejele le john vorster square lapho okwakuboshwe khona nezinye izishoshovu zomzabalazo inhlangano yenza icala lakhe libe ngumkhankaso wokuqala wakhululwa ngemuva kweminyaka emibili kodwa akangavunyelwa ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe njengomlobi wezindaba eminyakeni eyalandela waveza inkolelo yakhe yokuthi ukusakazwa ngokuboshwa kwakhe okwenziwa zinhlangano ezinjenge article ngesikhathi sokuboshwa kwakhe yikho okwasindisa impilo yakhe waba yisikhulu esiphezulu esiphethe i ceo yenhlangano yasesouth african broadcasting kusukela ngo septemba kuya ku ngaphansi kobuholi bukasisulu eningizimu afrika yentando yeningi i sabc yahlelwa kabusha futhi yaphothulwa kabusha ngomhla ka febhuwari kwaba nezinkulumo zokuphikisana ngokwabiwa kwemithombo yezinsiza kwezinye izilimi ngaphandle kwesibhunu i afrikaans okwakuyilona limi elalibonelelwa kakhulu kunezinye ngaphansi kombuso wobandlululo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi usisulu waqokwa njengomkhomishana wokuphenya ngesabc ngemuva kokuba nezinsolo ezavezwa ngomshoshaphansi ngujohn perlman usisulu wanikezwa indondo ye order of mapungubwe yegolide ngemuva kokushona kwakhe ngegalelo lakhe eliyingqayizivele ngeqophelo lakhe leze journalism noma ubulobi futhi njengomlobi wezindaba owabonisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwabantu ngaphansi kombuso wobandlululo kanye nokukhuthaza ubumbano lwabantu bamaqembu nemibono ehlukene kwezepolitiki ngesikhathi sokulwela inkululeko makhosi khoza murhangeri wa african democractic change u ve eka xiyimo u rhangeriwe hi xiyimo xi sungula u landzeleriwe hi moses mayekiso xirho xa palamende ya afrika dzonga xirho xa palamende ya xifundzhankulu xa kwazulu natala eka xiyimo vuxokoxoko bya yena vuaka tiko muafrika dzonga vandla ra politiki african national congress ku fikela african democratic change nkata ntela sikhosana ku fikela u lovile dyondzo university of the witwatersrand and university of natal makhosi busisiwe khozai mu afrika dzonga wa n watipolitiki na loyi a a ri xirho xa palamende xa vandla ra anc loyi a nga tirha tani hi mutshama xitulu wa portfolio ya vutirhela mfumo na swa tihofisi public service and administration khoza u tirhe eka portfolio committee ya economic development nhluvuko wa swa ikhonomi u tiveke ngopfu hi ku byela mupresidente jacob zuma leswo a suka eka xiyimo u na digri ya phd eka public administration na digri ya master s eka social science policy and developmental studies yo huma euniversity of witwatersrand i fellow eka nhlangano wa aspen global leadership institute hi ku va na xipiriyoni eka mfumo na tikhampani khoza u tirhe eka portfolio committee ya economic development tani hi xirho xa palamende ku sukela hi ti septembere ku fikela hi ti septembere ta lembe relero na swona a a ri xirho xa african national congress anc national assembly na xirho xa adhoc committee xa ku langutana na ku langiwa ka musirheleri wa vanhu ku nga public protector hi ti ta septembere khoza u tivisile ku rhizayina ka yena eka anc leswo a ta joyina matshalatshala yo lwa na mikhuva yo bola eka swa timali ta mfumo eafrika dzonga hi ti ta disemba khoza u tivisile leswo u ta sungula vandla lerintshwa ra tipolitiki vito ra rona ku nga african democratic change leri a ri ta vumbiwa hi mintlawa ya mintlwa leyitsongoya tipolitiki khoza u ve a rhizayina eka vandla ra african democratic change hi ti epreli khoza i musunguri wa ririmi ra alfabete hi ku landza sisteme ya nandzeleriso leyi yi pfunaka ku dyondza ririmi ra xizulu khoza u tsarile buku ya textbook leyi yi tirhaka ku va xiseketelo xo tiya xa vutiviti eka swa lingwistiki hi ku tivisa mimpfumawulo yintshwa leyi landzelelanaku ku nga ubantu isizulu alphabetical logic order uzalo buku ya yena ya textbook yi tirha tani hi makombandlela na thulusi ra tindzimi timbirhi leyi yi nga tirhisiwaka tani hi ndlela yo twisisa tindzimi ta bantu to hambana hambana u frene noshir ginwala wazalwa ngo ephreli ungumlobi kanye nosopolitiki waseningizimu afrika owayengusomlomo wephalamende kazwelonke yaseningizimu afrika ukusukela ngo ukuya ku u ginwala ungumndiya waseningizimu afrika womphakathini waseparsi indian wasentshonalanga ne indiya wafunda i dphil e linacre college e oxford uginwala waqokwa njengeshansela lokuqala lase university of kwazulu natali ngo ephreli ungomunye wabesimame abangamashansela amane besimame enyuvesi eningizimu afrika uginwala ubhale izincwadi eziningi ezibhekene nemikhakha ehlukahlukene yomzabalazo wokulwa nenqubo engenabulungisa ngenxa yemizamo yakhe uye wahlonishwa ngamazwe omhlaba kanye nezikhungo zendawo nohulumeni esebenzisa ukungaziwa kwakhe wadlala indima enkulu ekusungulweni kwemizila yokuphepha yomshoshaphansi yabaholi be anc kanye nama cadre e anc esikhathini esilandela ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi esharpeville kanye nangesikhathi sokufakwa komthetho wesimo esibucayi i state of emergency soe ngo laba baholi babebandakanya iphini likamengameli we anc u oliver tambo noyusuf dadoo abaholi ababili bamaqembu enkululeko wabuye wahlela izindlu eziphephile kulabo ababezosala ngaphakathi ezweni uginwala waphinde washayela nokuhambisa abaholi benic natal indian congress umonty naicker nojn singh ababesebenza ngomshoshaphansi ngemuva kokuzifihla emaphoyiseni umyalezo wabo kwakuwuuhamba hamba ezweni nesifundazwe futhi ukufunana nemali kubanikeli bemfihlo ukuze kusekelwe imindeni eyayisele budedengu ngemuva kuboshwa kwabandli bemindeni ngaphansi komthetho we soe owabekwa ezweni ngumbuso wobandlululo izinyanga ezinhlanu ekugcineni kwadingeka ahambe eningizimu afrika ngasekupheleni kuka kanti futhi enotambo kanye nodadoo baqala ihhovisi le anc edar es salaam etanganyika eyayisengaphansi kombuso wobukoloni wasebrithani ukufikela ngomhla ka disemba ukuchithwa kombuso ezanzibar ngo kwavula indlela yokwakhiwa kweribhaphuliki ehlangene ye united republic of tanzania ngo nangaphandle kwe anc wasebenza nasemikhakheni ehlukile wayenikeza izinkulumo zokufundisa kubaqeqeshwa bamanxusa e oxford university wafunda wabhala amaphephandaba amasha e uk nakwezinye izindawo ezibandakanya ne bbc u frene ginwala waba nendima enkulu ekusungulweni kwesistimu yokuxhumana kwi republic entsha yasetanzania nasezanzibar ngokucelwa ngumongameli ujulius nyerere waba ngumhleli wephephandaba le english daily standard ne sunday news ngesikhathi sonke esekudingisweni wabuyela eningizimu afrika ngonyaka ka wahambela amazwe omhlaba echaza ngobubi bombuso wobandlululo kanye nemizabalazo yokulwa nawo u ginwala uneziqu zemfundo ezivela emanyuvesi amaningi e afrika nakumazwe aphesheya ungummmeli emthethweni isazi mlando usosayensi wezepolitiki kanti futhi une doctorate yefilosofi yase oxford university kukhetho lukazwelonke lwentando yeningi idimokhrasi lwango eningizimu afrika ufrene ginwala wakhethwa ukuya ephalamende waqokwa yi caucus ye anc futhi wakhethwa yiphalamende njengowesifazane wokuqala ukuba ngusomlomo wendlu waba kulesi sikhundla ukusukela ngo kwaze kwaba ngu ngemuva kokuthatha umhlalaphansi njengosomlomo waqhubeka ukusebenza ezinhlanganweni ezmbalwa zamazwe omhlaba ezibandakanya izinhlangano ezisebenza ngaphansi kwe un njengokuba yi truestee yenelson mandela foundation kanye neshansela yenyuvesi yakwazulu natali umongameli uthabo mbeki waqoka uginwala ngo kuseptemba ukuqhuba uphenyo kumqondisi kazwelonke wezoshushiso lukazwelonke uvusi pikoli ukubona ukufaneleka kwakhe ukuba kulesi sikhundla wavumelana nopikoli kodwa wagxeka ukuxhumana okungekuhle phakathi kweminyango kahulumeni waphinde wagxeka umqondisi jikelele womnyango wezobulungiswa nokuthuthukiswa komthethosisekelo ugqwetha menzi simelane ubufakazi bakhe obabuphikisana futhi bungahambelani nomthetho kanti futhi waba namagama okugxeka kakhulu ujacob zuma ngokuqoka kwakhe usimelane njengomqondisi kazwelonke wezoshushiso kuzwelonke clements kadalie mbasa wayengumholi wokuqala omnyama wenyonyana eningizimu afrika uclement kadalie uzalwe ngombasa ku esifundeni sasenkatha bay edolobheni elisechifira eduze nesiteyishini sebandawe esise nyasaland beka yindondana yesibili ebantwaneni bakamnu nonkk umusa kadalie muwasa uclement bekawumzukulu kachiweyu obekayinkosi yamatonga enyasaland ufundiswe abafundisi abavela escotland ngo bekaqeda ukulolongelwa ukuba nguthisha uthole izindondo zakhe zokufunda elivingstonia ngo ngo ukadalie uyelewahlala edolobheni elikhulu lasekapa wathola umngani onguarthur f batty obeka wumququzeli wezenyonyani nomshisimlilo wezepolotiki ukadalie uqambe ikhampani i industrial and commercial union ngo abantu baqala lapho ukwazi lubanzi nge icu ukufika ngo wonke umuntu bekafuna ukuzibona akuku icu ngakho lokho yabayiyunya yabasebenzi abanengi ukadalie uhlale kilekhampani yakhe i icu ukuqala ngo ukufika ngo lapho bekasengu mabhalane wesizwe ngo ukadalie waziwa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe wokuvikela imithwalo engekho emthethweni ehlangana nabasebenzi lesisiteleka sabasebenzi abasebenza elwandle sathatha amalanga amashumi nane abasebenzi ababekhona kulesisiteleka bebangange zinkulungwane ezimbili ngamalanga ama kunovemba ngo waboshwa wanikezwa nencwadi yokuthi fanele ahambe ngaphambi kwamalanga amathathu la eningizimu afrika ngomeyi ukadalie uyele wamela i icu egeneva ngo meyi ukadalie nabanye abomshoshimlilo bezepolotiki baboshwe ngaphansi kwenative administration act ukadalie azange asabuyele emalawi wahlala e east london nonkosikazi wakhe umolly davidson unamadodana amathathu nendondakazi yinye yena nomolly ukadalie uthathe umfazi wesibili okungu emma banendodana yinye ukadalie ushone ngo urhode kadalie oyindodakazi kakadalie ungusomapolotiki osaziwako nekhomanisi elaziwayo inkhohlakalo kwezezimali eningizimu afrika ibandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo nezimali zesizwe ukuzuzisa abantu ngasese ukufumbathisa nokuzibonelela ngasese i transparency international corrupt perceptions index yango inikeze iningizimu afrika inkomba yama kwizinkomba ezingu eningizimu afrika lokhu okubeka iningizimu afrika emkhakheni ka emazweni angama lesi simo simele ushintsho lokwehlela ezansi ngamaphoyinti amabili ukusuka ku cpi amazwe anamazinga angaphansi kwama akhombisa ukuba nezinkinga ezinkulu zenkohlakalo kwezezimali ihlazo lakamuva elenzeka kusukela ngonyaka ka elibandakanya owayengumongameli waseningizimu afrika ujacob zuma elidonse amahlo ukubheka kwezenkohlakalo yezezimali eningizimu afrika ucyril ramaphosa umongameli waseningizimu afrika osanda kukhethwa usefunge ukuthi uzobhoncula inkohlakalo kwezezimali ekhona futhi nokuqhubekela phambili ukulwanokuvimbela nokulwa nenkohlakalo iningizimu afrika inohlaka oluqinile lokulwa nenkohlakalo kodwa imithetho ayilandelwa nokuqikelelwa ngokwanele kanti futhi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi iziphathimandla nabasezikhundleni kumbuso akwenziwa ngendlela efanele ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona izihibe ezenziwe ezivimbela ukuthi abantu babike ngamahlebezi ukwenziwa kwenkohlakalo yezezimali emkhakheni kahulumeni kanye nasemkhakheni wamabhizinisi angasese ihlazo elisanda kuvela elibandakanya umndeni wamagupta nowayengumengameli waseningizimu afrika ujacob zuma labangela ukususwa kukazuma esikhundleni sobungameli kanye nokuveza uhla olude lwezikhalazo zenkohlakalo kwezezimali okwenziwa yilowo owayengumengameli wezwe izikhalazo ezazibhekiswe kuzuma ngokusetshenziswa kwezimali zombuso kumakontraki emabhizinisini axhumene noma anobudlelwane obusondelene nomndeni kamongameli naxhumene nabo ngo umbiko we afrobarometer ukhombisa ukunyuka okukhulu ngendlela abantu ababona ngayo ezenkohlakalo kwezezimali ukusukela ngonyaka ka cishe ingxenye yabantu abangaphezulu kukuhafu ezwenikazi le afrika ikholelwa ukuthi izwe labo kuningi elingabe liyakwenza ukuvimbela inkohlakalo kwezezimali ama abantu baseningizimu afrika bakholelwa ukuthi uhulumeni bekumele athathe izinyathelo eziningi zokunciphisa inkohlakalo kwezezimali iningizimu afrika iphakathi kwamazwe asezingeni eliphansi lapho izakhamizi ziqondane nenkohlakalo yezezimali ngqo ngokwazo bangama kuphela abantu baseningizimu afrika abavuma ukuthi bakhokhele ukufumbathisa ngonyaka owedlule amaphesenti alinganiselwa cishe ku bama afrika abakhokhela ukufumbathisa ngonyaka owedlule phakathi konyaka ka no ukwamukeleka kwalowo owayengumongameli uzuma kwehla kwafinyelela ku ngenxa yemibiko yenkohlakalo kwezezimali nobuholi obungamukelekile iningi labantu baseningizimu afrika likholelwa ukuthi amagatsha ehlukene kahulumeni kumele engamele eminye imisebenzi yamagatsha cishe ikota yabantu baseningizimu afrika bazizwa sengathi kufanele babe nesibopho sokuqikelela ukuthi abantu abakhethwe ezikundleni nabaholi kumele babhekwe ngeso lokuqapha indlela abenza ngayo imisebenzi yabo imahikeng yidolobha elisenyakatho ntshonalanga eningizimu afrika lelidolobha liyisiqongo senyakatho ntshonalanga imahikeng yasungulwa ngonyaka ka isungulwa ngu molema tawana owazalelwa ekhunwana utawana wayeyindodana ya kgosi tawana wohlanga lama tshidi barolong ngokuhamba kwesikhathi umfowabo ka tawana umontshiwa waba yi nkosi ngenkathi uhlanga lama tshidi barolong lusahlala ethaba nchu ngesikhathi samfecane utawana waphendulwa ngokokholo waba ngu mkhrestu ngama wesleyan indodana ya tawana usilas molema wafunda e healdtown college waphinda wasiza umshana wakhe usebopioa molema ukuze afike emelika ngonyaka ka khona ezokwazi usebopioa ukuthi afundele i law ewilberforce ohio utawana wayengumuntu okholelwa kakhulu kwi mfundo yaphesheya lokhu kukhonjiswa ukufunda kwakhe eheadltown ngokuhamba kwesikhathi utawana wavula isikole evulela abantu bakhe utawana washona ngo indodana yakhe usilas waba ngu dokotela nombhali womlando wohlanga lwakhe uhlanga lwa tawana lwaqamba indawo ababehlala kuyona nge mahikeng igama lesitswana elisho indawo enamatshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi imahikeng amangisi ayibiza nge mafeking ngesikhathi se mpi yesibili yamabhunu imahikeng yahlaselwa ngamabhunu ngonyaka ka ukuhlaselwa nokunqotshwa kwe mahikeng okwakuholwa ngu robert baden powell kwathatha izinsuku ezingama kusukela ku mfumfu wa kuya ku nhlaba wa ngo mandulo wa ulord roberts waveza isithombe esasinamagama abantu abashona bezama ukuvikela imahikeng ngenkathi ihlaselwa abantu abashona sebebonke babengama kwalima abangama amabhunu ashonelwa ngabantu abaningi ngenkathi kuhlaselwa imahikeng ngonyaka ka imahikeng yenziwa isiqongo sesifundazwe senyakatho ntshonalanga ibizwa nge mafikeng ngo nhlolanja wa ululu xingwana owayengu minister we arts and culture washintsha igama elithi mafikeng laphindela kuleli elalibizwa ngalo imahikeng igama elithi mahikeng lichaza indawo enamatshe ngolwimi lwesitswana kodwa lelidolobha libizwa nge mafikeng ngolwimi lwesigodi sabantu base mmabatho unontsikelelo albertina sisulu okthoba juni wayeyisishoshovu esilwela ubandlululo saseningizimu afrika kanye nonkosikazi wesishoshovu esasisebenza naye uwalter sisulu unontsikelelo albertina sisulu wazalwa ngezi zika mfumfu wayengumholi  ovele wobandlululo eningizimu afrika uguqulwe kabusha njengo mama wesizwe ualbertina sisulu wayenezingane ezinhlanu uzalelwe umonilizwe nomonikazi thethiwe esifundweni saka tsomo e transkei ngezi zikamfumfu wangumhlengikazi umsheshezi wezepolitiki nekhansela kumyeni wakhe wayengunobhala jikelele kanye nephini lika mongameli wengqungquthela yezwe lase afrika anc umama kasisulu osindile le spanish flu kodwa wagula ngenxa yalokhu kwazelwa nontsikelelo albertina njengengane yentombazane endala kwakumele adlale indima ka mama kuzingane zakibo ezincane kwakumele ayeke isikolo isikhathi eside wamukela leli gama li albertina ngosepthemba umkhuhlane wase spain udonsa umkhuhlane owabulala abantu abayisigidi esingama emhlabeni wonke ukufinyelela eningizimu afrika futhi balinganiselwe ukuthi babulala abantu abanga etranskei umonica thenjiwe wathla lesifo ngenkathi ekhulelwe ingane yakhe yokuqala neyesibili unompumelelo mbathalala lesisifo sasibizwa ngokuthi imbathalala igama lesixhosa kodwa ke ingane yakhe yazalwa iphilile ngezi zikaokthoba unontsikelelo nomndeni wakhe bahamba bayohlala exolobe ngoba umama wakhe wayegula kakhulu ngenxa yale sifo ispanish flu futhi ubaba wakhe wayesebenza ezimayini wahamba isikole elokishini lase xolobe ualbertina sisulu wayengabe abahambela phambili eskoleni wayengumholi kwezemfundo kusukela emabangeni aphansi wakhethwa ukuba abangu head girl ebangeni lesikhombisa kodwa kwakumele ayeke isikolo ngoba kwakumele agade izingane zakubo ezincane u philemon pearce dumasile nokwe kunhlaba evaton nge kumasingana ngo owayesaziwa njengoduma nokwe wayengumntu olwela umzabalazo kwezopolitiko wasemzantsi afrika wasebenza njengo nobhala jikelele we african national congress ukusukela ngo ukuya ku ngenxa yegama lakhe uyidlalile indima yokuthi abe yisizathu soshintsho lwase ningizimu afrika ngesikhathi sobandlululo ngosizo lwabo thishela bakhe futhi nabaholi phambili ngisho yena u oliver tambo nowalter sisulu uyidlalile indima yakhe ebalulekile ephikisana nokuphambene nomthetho kamongameli owayephethe wayezimisele ngokuthi aphile ngenkululeko ezweni leli azalelwe kulo wayengavumelani nomthetho lona owawungam philisi ngenkululeko futhi ongamjabulisi ukwazile ukunqoba zonke izithiyo lezi ahlangabezene nazo esakhula ngoba ukwazile ukuthola isiqu esiphezulu kwezesayensi ngonyaka ka ngokuhamaba kwesikhathi wafundela isiqu kwezomthetho wathola umsebenzi wokuthi abe ummeli waphinda futhi waba ingxenye yejohannesburg society of advocates ngonyaka ka kundasa eqinisweni udumasile ubengumeli wokuqala kuthina abantu abamnyama ezweni lethu ngenxa yomlando wakhe uduma ube uphawu oluqinile lwabantu abalwelwa ukulingana ezweni laseningizimu afrika ngoba konke wakwenza ngokuzimisela futhi ngenhloso yokuthi kumele wonke umuntu aphile ngenkululeko ezweni lakhe ngokuqala enyakeni ka iqembu elibizwa duma nokwe group of advocates lisungule insika yoshintsho endaweni kuwo wonke amalunga ayo lana sisho yena upatrice mtshualana sc dabi kumalo sc namanye amalunga unokwe ushone ngonyaka ka kumasingana ngosuku njengesizwe saseningizimu afrika sizinikezela ukuthi sihloniphe umgomo lona uduma aphile ngawo futhi nezinye izifiso zakhe zifezeke   unyaka wezizwe wezilimi zendabuko kungumgubho wezi wenhlangano yezizwe ezibumbene united nations un okuhloswe ukuqwashisa ngemiphumela yokubeka engozini izilimi zomdabu emhlabeni jikelele ngenhloso yokuthola ukuxhumana phakathi kolimi ukuthuthukiswa ukuthula nokubuyisana mhla zi kuzibandlela i united nations general assembly yamemezela ukuthi ngezi kube unyaka wezizwe wezilimi ezimdabu ngokusekelwe isinqumo se un permanent standing on issues of indigenous issues resolution isixazululo se general assembly sicele i united nations educational scientific and cultural organization i unesco njengenhlangano ye un ephambili ukuqondisa lo nyaka unyaka wezizwe wezilimi ezimdabu uhlose ukugxila ebungozini obubhekene nezilimi zendabuko ikakhulukazi lezo ezibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukubuyisana ukubusa okuhle nokuzakhela ukuthula ihlose ukuthuthukisa isimo sokuphila ukubambisana okubanzi kwamazwe ngamazwe nokubonakala nokuqinisa inkulumo mpendulwano yezomnotho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqhubeka kwezilimi zomdabu kanye namasiko ngalonyaka kuhlelwe ukuba kwenzeke imisebenzi elandelayo elandelayo ezihlanganisa kokubili uhlelo lwezi lwezokuthuthukiswa okusimeme kanye nezinhloso eziyisikhombisa zokuthuthukisa intuthuko ukuzibandakanya kwabantu bomdaba kuvulelekile kulo nyaka izinhlangano ze un amazwe izifundiswa izinhlangano zomphakathi nezizimele kanye nabezindaba unyaka unezindawo eziyisihlanu zokungenelela unyameko barney pityana fkc gcob owazalwa ngo ncwaba ungummeli wamalungelo abantu nesazi semfundiso yenkolo eningizimu afrika ungumsekeli we black theology upityana wazalelwa e uitenhage futhi wafunda enyuvesi yasefort hare ubengomunye wabasunguli besouth african student organisation yeblack consciousness movement nosteve bikoubuye futhi waba yilungu le african national congress youth league ecidingwa futhi wamiswa ngenxa yokuphonsela inselelo igunya lothisha abangamabhunu kanye nemigomo yoobandlululo ye bantu yemfundo upityana uthole iziqu ezivela enyuvesi yaseningizimu afrika ngonyaka we kodwa wavinjelwa ukuthi enze umthetho eport elizabeth nguhulumeni wobandlululo ngo efunda imfundiso yenkolo eking s college london kanye nokuqeqeshelwa inkonzo ripon college cuddesdon e oxford ngemuva kwalokho wasebenza njenge curlic yase anglican emilton keynes nanjengo birmingham kusukela ngo kuya ku wayengumqondisi wohlelo lokulwa nobuhlanga e world council of churches egeneva upityana wabuyela eningizimu afrika ngonyaka ka kulandela ukuphela kobandlululo waqhubeka nokusebenza kwezemfundo kanye namalungelo esintu eqeda i phd kwi religious studies enyuvesi yasekapa ngo waqokwa waba yilungu lekhomishini yamalungelo abantu yaseningizimu afrika ngonyaka ka wasebenza njengosihlalo wekhomishini kusukela ngo kuya ku ubuye wasebenza kwikhomishini yase afrika yamalungelo abantu nabantu kwi organisation of african unity ngonyaka ka usolwazi upityana waba yiphini likandunankulu kanye nongqongqoshe wenyuvesi yaseningizimu afrika ngonyaka ka futhi wabamba lesi sikhundla iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye ungumbhali wekolishi letransfiguration i anglican egrahamstown kusukela ngo kuze kube ngu ungumongameli wokubuthanisa wenyuvesi yasekapa umsebenzi wakhe ngamalungelo abantu uye waqashelwa kabanzi kwathi ngozibandlela wanikezwa umhlonishwa umklomelo ohlonishwa wemiklomelo ye unesco yemfundo yamalungelo abantu ka ungumgxeki omkhulu wobuholi be anc obukhona manje ngaphansi kukajacob zuma ufuna ukuthi uzuma ashiye phansi futhi uxhumene nezinhlangano ezishayisana ne anc uhlu lwabantu olungaphansi kwemiyalo yokuvinjwa ngaphansi kobandlululo amabhungane yinhlangano yezintatheli yophenyo egxila kakhulu ekudaluleni inkohlakalo yezezimali kwezepolitiki eningizimu afrika kanye namazwe angomakhelwane umsunguli uthi igama labo lisho ukuthi ibhungane lendle ngesizulu ulimi lwendabuko olukhulu lwaseningizimu afrika bathi bamba indle ukuvundisa intando yeningi idimokhrasi uphenyo lwabo lokuveza amaahlazo e lokhu okulandelayo kubandakanya imiklomelo embalwa enikezwe amabhungane namalungu eqembu labo uruth first meyi agasti wayeyisishoshovu saseningizimu afrika esasilwa nobandlululo nesazi sasegoli eningizimu afrika ubeyindodakazi ka jewwish immigrants julius no matilda first ujulius ubeyi furniture manufacture wazalwa elavitvia bese wazohlala eningizimu afrika ngonyaka ka eneminyaka eyishumi umatilda yena weza eningizimu afrika esukabelithuania eseneminyaka yesine bobabili bebayingxenye yecommunist party south africa ngonyaa uruth ubenomfowabo abambiza ngoronald bakhule bobabili ndawonye uruth wenza ibanga leshumi nabili ejeppe high school lapho kufunda amantombazane wondwa wathi eqeda ukufunda esikoleni wafunda umatikuletsheni ewitwaterstand johannesburg sukela ngonyaka ukuya kunyaka waqeda ne ba social studies wathola isikhundla sokuqala isifundo sesocialogy anthropology kanye ne economic histroy wayefunda nonelson mandela eduardo mandlana joe slovo tn singh and ismail ngonyaka waqala wasebenza ukuba ejohannesburg city council kodwa wayeka ngoba enqaba izenzo zokuba icouncil wase waba yi johannesburg editor kumaphephabhuku njengomuntu ongumthathi ndaba ubesebenza ukuthutha izindaba ngabantu abasebenza ensimini kanye nokunye ngonyaka ka washada nojoe slovo ngonyaka ka obekangumeli asebenza kanzima njengonkosikazi wakhe uruth first bobabili bebanabantwana abathathu ushawn gillian norobyn ubengumlweli wenkululeko umsizi wethu iqhawekazi lethu nomvikeli wethu nesizulu siyasho ukuthi izandla ziyagezana lokho kusho ukuthi usisizile nathi asimsize ngokuphathana kahle njengoba walwela inkululeko wabulawa yibomb uruth first washona ngosuku lweshumi nesikhombisa august endaweni yasemaputo emozambique udumisa buhle ntsebeza owazalwa mhlaka zika mfumfu ngummeli isikhulumi nombhali waseningizimu afrika ozelwe etranskei emthatha ngaseeastern cape ungumfowabo kasolwazi lungisile ntsebeza ungusihlalo wedesmond tutu peace trust njalo uyisikhulu senelson mandela foundation wabamba iqhaza emzabalazweni wezepolitiki wokulwa nobandlululo ngenxa yalokho yena nabafowabo baboshwa ngo ngenkathi eboshiwe wenza iziqu zakhe zomthetho untsebenza ukhulele etranskei endlini ekwakungeyona indlu yezepolitiki eyeqisayo nabazali ababili ababengothisha bonke ngeskhathi bekhula ubaba kantsebeza wayekhuthaza ingane zakhe ukuthi bafunde iincwadi ukuze bathole ulwazi ngento ezihlukene yena no mfowabo badonswa ukungenela ezepolitiki zokuphikisana ngenxa yokukhuthazwa ngubaba wabo ebakhuthaza ukuba bafunde futhi bazi ukuthi kwenzekani emhlabeni untsebeza wenza izifundo zakhe zebanga eliphansi ecala united primary school nasedutch reformed church school waqeda ustandard six ngo waqhubeka ngemfundo zakhe earthur tsengiwe practical school ngo untsebenza wenza izifundo zikamatric est john s college emthatha waqokwa njenge chancellor eyunivesi yase fort hare ngo kukamasingana ummeli ntsebeza wengezwe njengo meli ngo umele inqwaba yamabanjwa ezepolitiki phakathi nawo futhi ekuqaleni kwawo wamisa waba ngomunye wababizienkulumeni kanye nenhlangano yokubuyisana ungumsunguli wenhlangano yezwe iningizimu afrika wentando yeningi abameli kanye nabongameli bayo yena wakhona njengo mongameli wokumangalelwa wabameli abamnyama umurphy morobe ungumuntu oqopha umlando oqhamuka enhlanganweni elwa nobandlululo yaseningizimu afrika uqale isikole e ermelo morobe waqeda isikole samabanga aphansi esoweto wabe eseya e orlando north secondary school nase isaacson high school ngenkathi esafunda esikoleni esiphakeme waba nentshisekelo kwezepolitiki nomlando ngo umorobe waba yingxenye yesouth african student s movement sasm izinto ezibalulekile kuye kwakuwubumbano nentuthuko yomphakathi amalungu amaningi e sasm aboshwa ngo futhi baba buthaka impela ngo umorobe wasiza ngokwakhiwa kabusha kwe sasm wabe esebekwa ngumgcinimafa ngabo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi waba ngomunye wabaholi babafundi besoweto uprising ngojuni ngenxa yeqhaza lakhe lokuvukela umbuso wahlala iminyaka emithathu ejele erobben island wagwetshwa isikhathi sakhe ehambisana nabanye abaholi babafundi ubephinde abe phakathi kweziboshwa sezepolitiki zaseningizimu afrika kanye nomholi we african national congress unelson mandela wadedelwa ngomeyi ngemuva kokukhululwa ejele wabuyela kwezepolitiki wazibandakanya namaqembu amaningi okubandakanya icongress of south african student cosas general and allied worker s union futhi wasiza ekwakheni i united democratic front south africa udf in ngo umorobe waba ngusihlalo kanye no ceo wekhomishini yezimali nezimali eningizimu afrika umorobe ubesemkhandlwini wezemfundo ephakeme che ungusihlalo wesouth african national parks board sanp futhi uyingxenye ye international fundraising consortium inhlangano enikeza izibonelelo zemali emikhakheni engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni waseningizimu afrika umorobe uphinde waqokwa esikhundleni sokuba ngumqondisi ebhodini le old mutual south africa njengamanje ungumkhulumeli kamongameli waseningizimu afrika uthabo mbeki uzola sidney themba skweyiya nge ka epreli ngo ukuya nge ka epreli ngo wayepolitiki yomzantsi afrika owayengu mphathiswa wezabasebenzi bakarhulumente nolawulo ukusukela ngo ukuya ku kunye nomphathiswa wophuculo loluntu ukusukela ngo ukuya ku uzola skweyiyia waye omunye odume kakhulu kanye futhi waye edlala indima enkhulu kuanc kanye engumnyango wezendaba futhi waye wayehlela komthethosiseko nokuxoxisana maqondana ukudlula emhlabeni kwalowo owayengungqongqoshe wezokuthuthukiswa komphakathi udkt zola skweyiya ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi kosuku lokuzalwa kwakhe ngomhlaka ephreli kuliphange izwe elinye lamadodana akhe ahlonishwayo umlweli wenkululeko owafezekiswa njengeqhawe lomzabalazo wenkululeko ushiye ifa elinothile lokuzinikela ekunikeleni imisebenzi yocmphakathi nokwakha umphakathi onakekelayo nempilo engcono yabampofu udkt skweyiya ubhekwe kakhulu ngeqhaza lakhe njengenhloko yomnyango wezindaba zomthetho kanye nezomthethosisekelo we anc obeseqakathekile ekubhaleni umthethosisekelo kanye nezingxoxo ngokubhekela iningizimu afrika enkululekile neyentando yeningi ubuye wenza umfutho wakhe ekushintsheni kwezisebenzi zomphakathi zobandlululo zaba umsebenzi omusha womphakathi waseningizimu afrika okhululekile wentando yeningi njengongqongqoshe wezemisebenzi kahulumeni nezokuphatha kanzima udkt skweyiya waqinisekisa ukuthokozwa kwaleli lungelo lomthethosisekelo ngezigidi zabantu baseningizimu afrika ikakhulukazi izintandane nezingane ezisengozini ukuba khona kwezigidi eziyi zabantu abathola izibonelelo zikahulumeni kuze kube manje kungenxa yokusebenza kanzima kukaskweyiya obesebenza ngokungakhathali futhi waqinisekisa isisekelo esiqinile uhambe lonke izwe ehlela imihlangano emikhulu yomphakathi ebhalisela abantu izimpesheni imali yesibonelelo sezingane imali yokunakekela izingane isibonelelo sokukhubazeka isibonelelo sokusiza kanye nokukhululeka komphakathi kosizi olwalwaziwa ngokuthi amaphasela okudla isibonelelo sokuxhaswa kwezingane csg iyifa lakhe eliyinhloko ubevame ukukhumbuza abaphathi bakhe ukuthi ayikho ingane okufanele ilale ilambile futhi kwenziwa imikhankaso eminingi yokwenyusa ukuthathwa kwe csg kuze kube manje abayizigidi eziyi kwezigidi eziyi zabantu abathola izibonelelo zikahulumeni abathola i csg for dr skweyiya kudkt skweyiya ukwakha umphakathi onakekelayo futhi nokwenza iningizimu afrika indawo engcono yokuhlala abantu abampofu futhi ababencishwe amathuba kwakungeyona nje isiqubulo wayephila le mantra futhi nsuku zonke zokusebenza wayefuna izindlela zokwenza ngcono izimpilo zalabo abanenhlanhla encane u pallo zweledinga jordan wazalwa nge kameyi ngo e b indawo e kroonstad e orange free state utata wakhe ugqr archibald campbell jordan wayengumntu wasenoveli eyunivesithi kunye nezemfundo kwaye umama wakhe ugqirha priscilla phyllis jordan wazalwa untantala wayengutitshala umphandi kunye nomhlohli bobabini abazali bakhe babengamalungu asebenzayo e un european unity movement neum usapho lakwajordane lwalupolitika kakhulu kwaye ulandela emanyathelweni abo waqala eneminyaka esixhenxe ngokuthengisa iikopi zetorch iphephandaba eliveliswa yi neum wayengumfundi okhutheleyo ukugqiba kwakhe ukufunda waya kwiiyunivesithi ezahlukeneyo emzantsi afrika emelika nasemelika walishiya ilizwe ngo esiya kufunda kwidyunivesithi yasewisconsin e u s uye wafumana izidanga ezininzi kubandakanya nesidanga sokuthweswa isidanga kwisikolo selondon economics ujordani wabhala amanqaku amaninzi abalulekileyo umgangatho womsebenzi wakhe wophando ubonakaliswa kumaphepha akhe apapashiweyo oku kubandakanya phakathi kwabanye ukuphengululwa kukamoses kotane uhlaziyo lwase afrika ukuvukelwa kwesoweto uhlalutyo kunye neafrican petit bourgeoisie uhlolisiso lwe nafcoc phakathi kowe nokubuyela kwakhe emzantsi afrika phakathi konyaka we ujordani wakhokela iqela labaphandi be anc kunye nabaphengululi bamazwe aphesheya iinkomfa kunye neesemina ezimbabwe etanzania e usa ebritane nakwi ussr ngelo xesha ngo wanyulwa ukuba azokusebenza kwikomiti yokulungiselela yesizwe ye anc eyayilungiselela inkomfa yayo enkulu yomgaqo nkqubo e kwabe ebotswana kule nkomfa ujordan wanyulwa kwikomiti elawulayo ye anc ukusukela ngo ukuya kowe wasebenza kwikomiti yesicwangciso se nec kunye neekomiti zobugcisa njengeconveno iphepha elinomgaqo nkqubo we afrika esemazantsi e soviet union enespecial reference emzantsi afrika amanye amanqaku ka aphawula ukuhamba okuhlaziyayo komfundi we anc kuhlolisiso lwayo olunobuzaza lomgaqo nkqubo wasesoviet kwicala lasekhohlo ngo wangena kwingxoxo mpikiswano ende malungaiphepha elinomgaqo nkqubo we afrika esemazantsi e soviet union enespecial reference emzantsi afrika amanye amanqaku ka aphawula ukuhamba okuhlaziyayo komfundi we anc kuhlolisiso lwayo olunobuzaza lomgaqo nkqubo wasesoviet kwicala lasekhohlo ngo wangena kwingxoxo mpikiswano ende malungaisimo sesoviet union ngusihlalo weqela lamakomanisi omzantsi afrika ujoe slovo kwinqaku elinomxholo othi the callen of conscience kwi sacp uhlalutyo olugqibeleleyo lweslovo ngaba ubusoshiyali busilele ukubonakalisa ukwahluka kwezimvo kulungelelwaniso kathathu emva kwexesha wathatha umba kunye neslovo kwakhona kwicala lesikhokelo senkqubo yothethathethwano ngo emva kwesibhengezo esingalindelekanga ngumongameli welizwe u f w de klerk wokukhulula i anc kunye neminye imibutho yenkululeko ujordani wabuyela elizweni ngo juni ka ngo wakwazi ukugcina isikhundla sakhe se nec kwinkomfa yesizwe yokuqala yokubonisana kwi anc kweli lizwe kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu waba ngumntu owaziwayo kumabonwakude wase mzantsi afrika njengesithethi se anc kwezona zithethi zaphambili nangaphakathi kunyulo luka emva konyulo lokuqala lwedemokhrasi emzantsi afrika ngo epreli ijordani yafungiswa njengelungu lepalamente kunye nomphathiswa wezithuba unxibelelwano kunye nokusasazwa korhulumente bomanyano kuzwelonke ngomhla we kameyi usebenze kwiikomiti ezimbini zekhabhinethi ezizezi ezoqoqosho kunye nezentlalo kunye nemicimbi yezolawulo ngo epreli ka wathatyathwa ngujay naidoo njengo mphathiswa wezithuba ezonxibelelwano kunye nosasazo emva kokuvuselela ikhabhathi utyunjwe kwisikhundla sekhabinet ngo meyi ka njengo mphathiswa wezemicimbi yendalo engqongileyo nezokhenketho de wapheliswa ngo eselisebenzisile ixesha lakhe njengomphathiswa ukusukela ngo ukuya ku ebesebenza njengo sihlalo wekomiti yezemicimbi yezangaphandle kwindibano yesizwe emva konyulo lukazwelonke lowama ujordani wonyulwa njengo mphathiswa wezobugcisa nenkcubeko ngumongameli uthabo mbeki isithuba awasibambayo ukusukela ngo epreli ukuya kumeyi ka ubrigitte mabandla wazalwa zingama kulwezi ngo maphakathi nawo s wasebenza njengomxhumanisi wobusha e institute of race relations ethekwini kodwa washiya iningizimu afrika waya ezambia lapho athola khona iziqu zakhe zellb phakathi konyaka we nowe wafundisa isingisi nomthetho ebotswana polytechnic kanti kusukela ngo kuya ku wafundisa ngezomthetho ebrazil institute of administration and commerce kusukela ngo kuya ku wasebenza njengomeluleki wezomthetho emnyangweni wezindaba zomthetho kanye nezomthethosisekelo we anc ngalesi sikhathi wabhekisisa ngamalungelo ezingane amalungelo abantu kanye nezomthethosisekelo ngemuva kokungavunyelwa kwe anc nezinye izinhlangano zezepolitiki ubuyela eningizimu afrika njengengxenye yeqembu le anc elixoxisana futhi njengamanje uyilungu lekhomishini yomthethosisekelo yeqembu ungumsunguli wekomidi likazwelonke lamalungelo ezingane futhi uhambe emhlabeni wonke ethuthukisa amalungelo ezingane ngo waba yiphini likangqongqoshe wezobuciko amasiko isayensi nobuchwepheshe kwathi ngonyaka we waqokwa njengongqongqoshe wezindlu ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakhe njengongqongqoshe wezamabhizinisi kahulumeni wasebenza njengephini likangqongqoshe wezobuciko amasiko isayensi nobuchwepheshe kusuka ngomhlaka ephreli kuze kube ngumhla zingama kufebhuwari njengongqongqoshe wezindlu ukusuka ngomhlaka kufebhuwari kuze kube ngumhla zingama ephreli nanjengongqongqoshe wezobulungiswa nokuthuthukiswa komthethosisekelo weriphabhlikhi yaseningizimu afrika kusukela ngomhlaka ephreli kuze kube ngumhla zingama septhemba u leon wessels owazalwa ngo ephreli ungummeli waseningizimu afrika usopolitiki kanye nezishoshovu owayesebenza kuhulumeni omncane weqembu lenational party ngesikhathi sobandlululo izenzo zalowo hulumeni potchefstroom university wangena esikoleni e hoerskool monument ekrugersdorp eningizimu afrika uthe uma eqeda umatikuletsheni ngonyaka u waya e potchefstroom university wayothola izinga lakhe lezomthetho llb ngo bese ngonyaka u waya e rand afrikaans university wayothola izinga lezomthetho lld ngenkathi engakatholi isiqu wayengusihlalo we potchefstroom s students representative council src bese kusuka ngonyaka wayengumongameli we afrikaner studentebond asb okwakuyinhlangano yabafundi eyafundisa abelungu abaningi ezepolitiki uwessels wangenela ezepolitiki ngonyaka ngenkathi ekhethwa njengelunga le national party lasephalamende lesifunda sasekrugersdorp wathola amathuba amaningi wokuthi abephezulu ekhabhinethi wagcina esengungqongqoshe wohulumeni wasekhaya ngo wabekwa kwikhomishini yamalungelo esintu yaseningizimu afrika lapha khona waba nesibopho ku promotion of access to information act umthetho wokuthi umphakathi wazi ukuthi kwenzakalani emabhizinisini kuhulumeni kanye nezihlangene nomphakathi umfazi wakhe utersia wessels waba ilunga lesishayamthetho sase gauteng eyayimele i congress of the people wessels wakhula engakwazi ukukhetha ukuba angakwazi ukuziphilela impilo elula ngoba abanye abafana naye ngalesikhathi bebangena ezintweni zepolitiki uyindodana yephoyisa wazalelwa ekroonstad e orange free state eningizimu ye afrikanerdom ngo umndeni wathuthela egoli lapho aqala khona isikole kepha washeshe wathuthela evryburg lapho afunda khona estellaland laeterskool waphothula esikoleni samabanga aphansi eport natal school ethekwini indawo eyayihlala amangisi kwathi ngo wenza umatikuletsheni esuka emonument hoerskool ekrugersdorp waphinda futhi wabuyela ezweni lobuhlungu labantu base afrikaner uwessels wafunda esouth african police college kusuka ngo kuya ku esebenza njengomfundisi futhi eyilungu lamaphoyisa agibele izandla ngo wabhalisa epotchefsroom university i alma mater yasefw de klerk nokunye okuningi okuvelele kokusungulwa kwe afrikaner lapho aqeda khona iziqu zebjur nebcom ngo kanye ne llb yakhe ngo ngo wanikezwa umfundaze wase abe bailey e uk ngenkathi eseyunivesithi wanikezwa i medallion yobuholi impumelelo yokufunda kanye nenkonzo emphakathini wezitshudeni wayengusihlalo womkhandlu omele abafundi kanye nomongameli we afrikaner studentebond kusukela ngo kuya ku ekuphatheni kokugcina wethule ubufakazi ngaphambi kwekhomishini yeschlesbusch ye inquiry into yechristian institute inational union of south african student isouth african institute of race relations kanye nenyuvesi ichristian christian institute ukuchaza ukuthi i asb yahlelwa futhi yaqhutshwa kanjani isihluthulelo udaba lwabafundi abamhlophe ngaleso sikhathi lwalubandakanya ukuxhumana nezitshudeni zabamnyama ezazihlelwe inhlangano yabamnyama isouth african organisation south africa saso eyayitholakala ngamakhampasi abamnyama uwessels wayeyingxenye yethimba labafundi basepotchefstroom elalixhumane ngokusemthethweni nomkhandlu wabafundi wamele inyuvesi yasenyakatho lapho wahlangana no abraham ongeposte tiro no aubrey mokoena bobabili abahola abantu abaqwashisa abantu abamnyama futhi umhlangano waba nethonya elikhulu ekubukeni kukawessels ngesimo saseningizimu afrika utiro wabulawa ekuqhumeni kwebhomu okwakukholakala ukuthi kungumsebenzi waseningizimu afrika ama ejenti ase afrika ngenkathi ngisekolishi uwessels wahlangana nezibalo eziphezulu emibuthanweni ye afrikaner kubandakanya uwimpie de klerk bonke ababesemgudwini we verligte ukunyakaza futhi banethonya kufilosofi lezepolitiki likawessels owayesebenze njengomshushisi ngesikhathi samaholideyunivesithi uwessels wajoyina igoli njengommeli ngo ngo wakhethwa ilungu letransvaal provincial for krugersdorp futhi ngonyaka ofanayo wakhonza kwi federation of the federation of junior rapportryers kusukela ngo kuya ku wayengumholi wenasionale juegbond etransvaal futhi wasebenza njengelungu le ex udindoo lesigungu esiphezulu setransvaal namakomidi amakhulu enational party np upatricia de lille usopolitiki waseningizimu afrika owazalwa mla ziyi kufebruwari ongungqongqoshe wezemisebenzi yomphakathi nezingqalasizinda nomholi weqembu lezepolitiki i good wayengumngane ngaphambilini imeya yasekapa kusuka kuya futhi cape ungqongqoshe wesifundazwe western wentuthuko yezenhlalakahle kusuka kuya wasungula futhi wahola i independent democrats id iqembu lezepolitiki abelisungula ngonyaka ka ngesikhathi ewindi eliwela indawo ngemuva kokuhlukana nepan africanist congress pac ngo agasti umazisi wahlangana nedemocratic alliance iqembu eliphikisayo laseningizimu afrika futhi iqembu lahlakazwa ngokusemthethweni ngonyaka we kusukela ngo kuya ku ubengumholi wesifundazwe wedemocratic alliance ewestern cape ude lille wavotelwa wama kumatop great south africa futhi uyaziwa ngeqhaza lakhe ophenyweni ngepolitiki yezwe yezomnotho enempikiswano da ekapa ehlula udan plato ngaphambi kokhetho lohulumeni basekhaya lapho wakhethwa khona njengemeya ubuye wakhethwa ihlandla lesibili njengemeya okhethweni lohulumeni basekhaya luka mhla ziyi kumeyi inkantolo enkulu yasewestern cape yamisa upatricia de lille esikhundleni sakhe okwesikhashana esincane sokuba imeya ngomhlaka agasti ude lille umemezele inhloso yakhe yokwesula esikhundleni njengemeya yasekapa ushiye phansi isikhundla sokuba yimeya futhi wanqamula ubulungu beqembu lakhe le da ngomhlaka okthoba ngenxa yalokho wakhetha uzinhle ngodisemba futhi wamenyezelwa njengophakanyiselwe ukuqokwa njengondunankulu wasewestern cape ngofebhuwari ngalesi sikhathi wabandakanyeka kwisouth african chemical workers union waqala njengomphathi wezitolo wabe eseba ngunobhala wesifunda ngaphambi kokuqokwa njengelungu lesigungu sikazwelonke ngo ngo wakhethwa njengephini likamongameli kazwelonke we national council of trade unions nactu  ude lille wazalwa ngo ebeaufort west futhi waya ebastiaanse horskool ngo waba uchwepheshe welebhu efektri waqhubeka nokuzibandakanya enkampanini efanayo kuze kube ngo ngalesi sikhathi wabandakanyeka kwisouth african chemical workers union waqala njengomphathi wezitolo wabe eseba ngunobhala wesifunda ngaphambi kokuqokwa njengelungu lesigungu sikazwelonke ngo ngo wakhethwa njengephini likamongameli kazwelonke we national council of trade unions nactu umomona kit wasejapan uhepburn ukit momona ozelwe ngo agasti owaziwa njengo yua mikami wasejapan uhepburn umikami yua ungumlingisi wasejapan nomculi wezithombe uvele njengelungu leqembu le ske ngonyaka ka ngaphambi kokushiya ngonyaka ka ungene embonini yezokuzijabulisa yabantu abadala ngonyaka ka ngaphansi kwelebuli kamuteki ngempumelelo enkulu kusukela ngo ungomunye wezithombe ezithandwa kakhulu futhi ezithengiswa kakhulu zanamuhla ze av eziwina imiklomelo eminingana njengamanje wenza ngaphansi kwelebuli engu s no isitayela futhi uvele kumafilimu amadala abantu abadala ayi kufaka phakathi ukuhlanganiswa nama vr based av s ngaphandle kokwenza kumafilimu amadala umikami ubuye wasebenza njengomculi nezithombe ube yingxenye yeqembu lesithixo i ebisu muscats ngonyaka ka futhi waphinde wadonswa ngendlebe esouth korea njengelungu leqembu lezithombe i honey popcorn ngonyaka ka ubuye enze ukubukeka kwesivakashi okukhethekile kuyakuza nakuyakuza kiwami umikami wazalwa njengomamaona kito ngo agasti enagoya ukuba nezifiso ezicacile zokuba yisithixo umikami uhlolelwe isizukulwane sesishiyagalombili sasemorning musume ngonyaka we eneminyaka eyi kodwa wasuswa ngesikhathi somzuliswano wokuqala ngo mashi waphikisana njengelungu lesizukulwane sesibili seqembu lezithombe i ske kwiteam umsebenzi wakhe e ske wabona izithiyo eziningi kufaka phakathi ukwehliswa esikhundleni kukakenkyuusei wabaqeqeshwayo ngodisemba kanye nokuphuza ukuqomisana ngeminyaka engezansi isihlava esivele ngojulayi ngomashi wamemezela ukuphothula kwakhe eqenjini futhi ukusebenza kwakhe kokugcina neqembu kwakungu ephreli ngesikhathi esabambile wavela ezingomeni eziyisishiyagalombili zeb ske kanye nokuvela eqenjini lodade i akb s b side single gingham check ngojuni waba nempikiswano embonini yezokuzijabulisa yabantu abadala ngaphansi kwegama uyua mikami ngevidiyo yakhe yokuqala iprincess peach ekhiqizwe ngumuteki ilebula elalisebenza ngokukhethekile ekucekelweni kwamafilimu kwabantu abadala ngezithombe ezazisuke zikhona kanye nosaziwayo abancane ngenkathi umikami ekuqaleni eyihlelela njengomsebenzi wefilimu elilodwa iprincess peach yaphenduka impumelelo enkulu yaba ngomunye wamafilimu athengiswa kakhulu umuteki futhi waba ngumuntu othengisa kakhulu kuma av ka umikami ukuze azohlala embonini njengomdlali osebenzayo novemba wethula iwebhusayithi yakhe esemthethweni ama akhawunti akhe we twitter ne instagram nawo adalwa ngosuku olufanayo engxoxweni umikami uthe ngingene emhlabeni we av ngaphandle kokubonisana namuntu kuyimpilo yami ngakho ke kufanele ngizikhethele i av yakhe yesibili i pleasure yakhululwa ngojanuwari iziqu zokuqala zikamikami zazingaphansi kwelebuli yasemuteki baba ngabalingisi abambalwa be av abenze izihloko ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngaphansi kwesitudiyo ngaphambi kokudlulisela ku s no isitayela ngonovemba ngomeyi umikami wawina umklomelo wakhe wokuqala wokuqala kuma dmm adult awadi ka emkhakheni we best new actress owethulwe nguyena umlingisi we av umoe amatsuka on ephreli wajoyina i ebisu muscats uyi ilungu lesizukulwane sesibili ubeyintombazane e poster ye av open ehamba nomasami ichikawa ja norika hoshimi ubeyindodakazi yomkhankaso womcimbi wenational fan thanksgiving festival kanye nohibiki tsuki ukuthandwa kukamikami kwaqhubeka kukhula njengoba eba ngomunye wabalingisi be flagship be s amafilimu akhe avela njalo emashadini athengisa kakhulu ngo ngesikhathi ufanza enza ucwaningo kuma av aphezulu kakhulu athengisa kakhulu ngonyaka we av umikami waphuma e umikami uphinde wavela emhlanganweni okhethekile weminyaka engu ka s kanye nabanye abasebenza kule studio kuphela tsukasa aoi ayami shunka moe amatsuka arina hashimoto usa miharu kanye nonene yoshitaka ngo umikami uyaqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe we av kwa s futhi wabonakala ngezihloko ezingaphezu kwekhulu kuze kube manje u s v makwanyane nomunye i cct kwakuyisinqumo esiyingqopha mlando sango senkantolo yomthethosisekelo yaseningizimu afrika yasungula nokuthi ukujeziswa kwemali eyimali kwakuhambelani nokuzibophezela kwamalungelo abantu okuvezwe kumthethosisekelo wethutyana isinqumo senkantolo besilahla isigaba a somthetho wenqubo yokulwa nobugebengu we owabe usuhlinzekela ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sigwebo sentambo kanye nanoma yimiphi eminye imigomo efanayo kunoma yimuphi omunye umthetho oseningizimu afrika inkantolo iphinde yenqabe uhulumeni ukuthi akhiphe isigwebo sentambo kunoma yisiphi isiboshwa eselinde ukubulawa sinqumo sokuthi kumele bahlale ejele kuze kukhutshwe izigwebo ezintsha isuswe ngomhlaka juni lena bekuyinkantolo entsha esanda kusungulwa ebaluleke kakhulu kwezombusazwe nasekubambisaneni ngombango inkantolo yaphetha ngokuthi empeleni kwakukhona into etholakala ithuba kuzo zonke izigaba zenqubo yokusebenzisa isigwebo sentambo umphumela ungahle uxhomeke ezicini ezinjengokuthi indlela icala eliphenywa ngayo ngamaphoyisa indlela leli cala elethulwa ngayo umshushisi ukuthi ummangalelwa uvikeleke kangakanani ubuntu kanye nesimo esithile sokujeziswa kwenhlawulo yecala lelo uma udaba luqhubeka nokudluliswa kwecala amajaji athize akhethwe ukuzolalela icala ubuhlanga kanye nobuphofu nakho kuthiwa kuyizici inkantolo ibambe futhi ukuthi amalungelo okuphila nesithunzi abaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke amalungelo abantu futhi ungumthombo wawo wonke amanye amalungelo abantu achazwe kwisahluko somthethosisekelo wokungena lapho sezinikele emphakathini owakhelwe ekwamukelweni nasekufezekisweni kwamalungelo abantu umbuso kwadingeka ukuthi uwaqakathekise la malungelo amabili ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye futhi ukhombise ukuqaphela kukho konke ekwenzile kubandakanya nokujeziswa kwezigebengu lokhu bekungeke kutholwe ngokuzenza ongeyena nangokukhipha ababulali noma kungumgoqo kwabanye ngaphandle kokuba iqiniso lokuthi ukuziphindisela noma ukubuyisa kwakungelona isela elifanayo nomthethosisekelo nelungelo lokuphila nelungelo lesithunzi inkantolo ayenelisekanga ukuthi kukhonjisiwe ukuthi isijeziso semali singasebenza kakhulu njengesithiyo kunesigwebo sedilikajele uchaskalson p ebhalela iningi waphetha ngokuthi inkantolo ibuye yagcizelela ukuzibophezela kwayo emgomeni wokumiswa komthethosisekelo kanye namanani asemthethosisekelo ikakhulukazi njengenkululeko isithunzi kanye nokulingana ngokwenqaba imvelo yokuphikisana nokungathandeki yesigwebo sentambo u ackermann j wakwenza kwacaca lokhu ekwahlulelweni kwakhe sisuka esikhathini esidlule esasibonakala ngokuningi okwakuphikiswa nokungalingani ekusebenzeni komthetho kuye kwesamanje kanye nekusasa ezweni lesisekelo sombuso lapho isenzo sombuso kufanele sibe sinjalo ukuthi sikwazi ukuhlaziya futhi sibe nezizathu ezizwakalayo umbono wombuso womthethosisekelo uphakamisa uhlelo okungasebenza ngalo kungahlolwa ngokweqile noma ngokulandela umthetho ukulamula ngokwemvelo yayo kuyahambisana nale miqondo ebalulekile yomyalo wethu omusha womthethosisekelo akukho zenzo zokuphikisana noma imithetho noma imithetho eye yavela ngokungqubuzana noma okufanele iholele ekusetshenzisweni kokuphikisana nayo nganoma iyiphi indlela yangempela ingahlolwa ngokuhambisana nemigomo noma imigomo yomthethosisekelo uqhubekele phambili nokucaphuna uprof u etienne mureinik kulokhu uma umthethosisekelo omusha uyibhuloho kude nesiko leziphathimandla kuyacaca ukuthi kumele kube yibhuloho luni kumele iholele kusiko lokuzithethelela isiko lapho konke ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kulindelwe khona uma umthethosisekelo kufanele ube yibhuloho kulokhu kuyacaca ukuthi umthethosivivinywa wamalungelo kumele ube yinqwaba yawo yize bekukholelwa kakhulu ukuthi iningi labantu lithanda ukugcinwa kwesigwebo sentambo inkantolo ikuqinisekisile ukuzibophezela kwayo emisebenzini yayo njengommeleli ozimele womthethosisekelo ngeke kusebenze njengevithamini lokubona komphakathi umbuzo ophambi kwethu nokho awukona ukuthi iningi labantu baseningizimu afrika bakholelwa yini ukuthi isigwebo esifanele sokubulala kumele sibe yiso ukuthi ngabe umthethosisekelo uyasivumela yini leso sigwebo uma umbono womphakathi ubungahle uthathe isinqumo uchaskalson ubecabanga ukuthi asikho isidingo sokuhlaziywa komthethosisekelo kanye nokwahlulela yize imibono evamile ingahle ibe nomthelela ekucabangeni kwenkantolo yona ngokwayo akuyona indawo yalowo msebenzi ophathiswe izinkantolo ukuthi ahumushe umthethosisekelo futhi asekele izibonelelo zawo ngaphandle kokwesaba noma ukwenzelela lokhu bekuhambisana nendima yakamuva yaseningizimu afrika ukusuka ebukhosini bephalamende kuya kokuphakama komthethosisekelo albert john mvumbi luthuli wazalelwa e solusi mission station e zimbabwe wazalwa ngo ubabawakhe ngu john bunye luthuli u albert john wayeyi ngane ye nkosi egroutville e mvoti mission reserve ngase stanger enatali waba yi christian missionary nge langa lesikhombisa esontweni elibizwa nge adventist wayengumtoliki endaweni yase matabele erhosedia umama wakhe kwaku ngu mtonya gumede futhi wayechitha isikhathi esiningi endlini kacetshwayo ka mpande wayeyi nkosi yombuso wakwazulu kodwa futhi wayeyingane yesithathu ubaba wakhe kwakungu john bunyan luthuli owayechitha kakhulu isikhathi naye kanye no mama wakhe kusukela onyakeni ka kuya ku endaweni yase groutville babehlala no malume owayebizwa ngo marthin luthuli ngonyaka ka u albert wafunda esikoleni esibizwa nge local congregationalist mission school albert wayakofunda e ohlange institution boarding school eyayiphethwe ngu john dube owayenguhulumeni we south african native national council sannc u albert wathuthelwa e edendale ngase mgungundlovu ukuze aqhubeke izifundo zakhe zobuthisha washona ngo ntulikazi upitika ntuli wazalwa ngo esprings egauteng ungumqaphi waseningizimu afrika imbongi umbhali kanye nomfundi owachitha iminyaka eyi yakhe edingisweni eswatini nase uk wabambe i mfa evela epratt institute enew york kanye ne ma ku comparative industrial relations kanye ne industrial sociology ngenkathi esekudingisweni e uk wafundisa ecamberwell college of art central saint martins college of art and design elondon college of printing middlesex yunivesithi nase yunivesithi yase east london selokhu ebuyele eningizimu afrika wafundisa ewits nase ukzn upitika ntuli ukhombise imibukiso eminingi namaqembu emazweni amaningi eyurophu nase usa futhi uhlela imicimbi eminingi yobuciko bamanye amazwe namasiko ebrithani izithombe zakhe ezibaziwe ziseqoqweni elilodwa elizimele emhlabeni jikelele lifana lelikapaul simon uphuthuma nhleko no edward no irene akufo addo nezinye izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu zakhe ezikhonza umphakathi ezitholakala iswaziland national bank st mary isonto lamakatolika lobamba cosatu house egoli kanye dieploof esoweto kuze kube ngu wayengakaze akhombise ezweni lakubo waba nombukiso wakhe wokuqala esouth africa emuseum africa egoli ngo walandelwa yimibukiso edurban art gallery www durban gov za nase unisa gallery epitoli www unisa ac za ngonyaka ka iphunga lezingabonakali lezinyawo isilo somfanekiso kapitika ntuli sishicilelwe yi unisa ukuhambisana nomboniso wakhe eningizimu afrika esikhathi esiningi kade embukisa komthethosisekelo hill kanye emelrose arch ngasegoli kwioliver tambo yemasiko ekhatsi ekhuruleni upitika ntuli ungcwepheshe ezinhlelweni zolwazi lwendabuko zase afrika ungumhlaziyi ojwayelekile wezepolitiki nosiko ku tv nakuradio ungumbongi nosomlomo owaziwayo obekade eyisikhulumi esiphambili emicimbini eminingi ephakeme kakhulu futhi ufunde izinkondlo zakhe ezinhlanganweni eziningi zezwe nasesifundweni uyisimenywa esivamile kutv nakuradio futhi ikakhulukazi emicimbini eminingi iziteshi zakwa sabc zase afrika zomsakazo futhi ubambe iqhaza emaqenjini emisebenzi kazwelonke eyezifundazwe kanye namakomidi okululeka ongqongqoshe ubengumahluleli kumasunday times literary awards ubuye waqoka ithimba labasebenzi lika eleluleka ungqongqoshe wezobuciko namasiko mayelana nezinhlelo zamasiko ahlobene nendebe yomhlaba kubandakanya nemikhosi yokuvula nokuvala upitika ushade no antoinette ntuli banamadodana amane amadodakazi amabili nabazukulu abane umarlene dumas owazalwa ngo ungumculi nomdwebi waseningizimu afrika dumas wazalwa ngo ekapa eningizimu afrika waze wakhulela ekuils river entshonalanga kapa lapho ubaba wakhe wayenevineyard wafundela ubuciko enyuvesiyase kapa kusuka ngo kuya ku kwathi lapho ese ateliers ehaarlem enyakatho holland enetherlands wafundela ubuchwepheshe bezengqondo e enyuvesi yase amsterdam ngo wayevame ukusebenzisa inkomba yezithombe ezenzwe nge polaroid zabangani nabathandi bakhe kanti futhi wayethola inkomba kwimagazini nezinto ezingcolile zobulili umarlene dumas ubuye apende imidwebo yezingane nezigcawu ezixakile ukuze kube nomthelela emhlabeni wobuciko besimanje uveze ukuthi imisebenzi yakhe yaziswa kangcono makungeyomdabu njengoba imisebenzi eminingi yobulili yakhe emincane isondele kakhulu imidwebo kadumas ibonwa njengezithombe kepha ayimeli abantu ngesimo esingokomzwelo umuntu angaba kuso ubuciko bakhe bugxile ezindabeni ezibucayi nakwizindikimba ezinjengobulili nezobuhlanga imizwa yecala nobumsulwa udlame nobumnene isitayela sikadumas yisiko labudala kakhulu lothando usebenzisa amabrashi okungeziwe okungeza ukuhlanekezela kepha nemininingwane enhle kubuciko bakhe umbukiso wakhe wokuqala obalulekile wasemnyuziyamu wasemelika owenziwa kabusha onesihloko esithi measuring your own grave wavula ngonhlangulana ngonyaka ka emnyuziyamu yecontemporary art elos angeles waze wathuthela emnyuziyamu ye art enew york city ukuthengiswa kukajule die vrou kadumas ngo kubeke udumas njengomunye wabaculi besifazane abathathu abaphilayo ukuhweba ngaphezulu kuka million imidwebo kadumas yakhonjiswa evenice biennale ngonyaka ka umbukiso wemidwebo kadumas onesihloko esithi the image as burden ukhonjiswe estedelijk museum e amsterdam holland kusukela ngomhlaka kumandulo ukuya kumhla ka kumasingana ujudith mason owazalwa ujudith seelander menge okthoba pretoria kuzibandlela white river wayengumculi waseningizimu afrika obesebenza kwezamafutha ipensela ukuprinta ukushicilela nezindaba ezixubile umsebenzi wakhe ucebile ngokufanekisela kanye ne mythology ekhombisa ubuciko obunqabile bobucwepheshe ujudith mason wazalelwa epitoli eningizimu afrika ngonyaka ka ufunde umatikuletsheni epitoli high school for girls ngo ngo wanikezwa i ba degree in fine arts e university of witwatersrand ufundise ukudweba enyuvesi yasewitwatersrand enyuvesi yasepitoli imichaelis school of fine art ekapa scuola lorenzo de medici eflorence e italy kusuka ngo kuya ku futhi wasebenza njengomhloli wangaphandle wabafundi abangaphothula iziqu kanye nabasebenza ngemuva iziqu ezithweswe iziqu epitoli potchefstrom natali stellenbosch nasecape town university imisebenzi eminingana kamason ibhekana nezenzo ezimbi ezembulwe yikhomishini yeqiniso nokubuyisana umason ushone ewhite river kuzibandlela umason wayazi ngokwepolitiki futhi eshukunyiswa unembheza oqinile wenhlalo umsebenzi wakhe waziswa ngabantu izidalwa imicimbi futhi kwesinye isikhathi usebenza izinkondlo ezamthinta noma zamphazamisa kakhulu izithombe zakhe ziqhuba le gamut isuka ku expressionist ngokusebenzisa ukumelwa okuhlekisayo futhi okubonakalisayo umlando izinganekwane kanye namasiko obukhrestu nezinkolo zasempumalanga kwanika ngesikhwama semali esihle sokukhuthaza umsebenzi wakhe umason waba nomuzwa wokuthi imfundiso yenkolo ehleliwe iye yasusa isimilo esiyindida ngokomoya senkolo yakudala ucezu lolu luphefumulelwe yizindaba ezimbili umason azwakala emsakazweni ngesikhathi sokulalelwa kweqiniso nokubuyisana batshele ngokubulawa kwezinhlangano ezimbili zenkululeko ngamaphoyisa ezokuphepha omunye wabo kwakunguharold sefola njengoba umason elandisa wacela imvumo yokucula unkosi sikelel iafrika ngaphambi kokuba aqushwe omunye kwakunguphila ndwandwe owahlushwa wagcina enqunu izinsuku eziyishumi wabe esebulawa esesimweni sokuguqa ngamadolo njengoba i trc ithole ngaphambi kokuthi undwandwe abulawe wazenzela izimbhambho zamapulasitiki aluhlaza lokhu kwashukumisela umason ukuba enze ingubo yezikhwama zepulasitiki eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ebhalwe ngokuqala kombhalo dadewethu isikhwama sepulasitiki kungenzeka singabi yisikhali sonke sikankulunkulu kepha ubambana nenyama negazi futhi namandla ulwa nababusi bobumnyama ukutholwa kabusha okukhulu ujudith mason ithemba lama icons i standard bank gallery mfumfu zibandlela kanye nesasol art museum university of stellenbosch masingana to mbasa ikhathalogi lashicilelwa ngokubambisana nombukiso izincwadi zomculi zikamason zabuyiselwa ewashington dc enational museum for african art ngombukiso we artists and africa uphele ngomhlaka izilwane ezingatholakali ngojuni kwakuwumbukiso wakhe wokugcina umason ubekhombisa njalo eningizimu afrika esebenza kuyo yonke iqoqo elikhulu lobuciko baseningizimu afrika kanye nakumaqoqo angasese nawomphakathi eyurophu nase united states imibukiso yomsebenzi wakhe ibanjelwe egrisi e italy e netherlands ebelgium echile ejalimane eswitzerland enew york nasemiami amakhomishini akhe amakhulu abandakanya umphakathi yi the man who sang and the woman who kept silent aka the blue dress enkantolo yezomthethosisekelo egoli south africa amapayipi amakhulu amaningi ngokubambisana nemarguerite stephens kanye nemiklamo yamawindi enziwe ngengilazi yegreat park synagogue egoli ngo kusukela mhlaka okthoba kuya kumhlaka kuzibandlela istandard bank gallery ejohannesburg eningizimu afrika kwaba nomcimbi omkhulu wokuphinda upende ukudweba ukuhlangana ukufakwa izincwadi zabadwebi nezindatshana isasol art museum enyuvesi yasestellenbosch yafaka okufanayo okusobala i prospect of icons ukusuka ngomhlaka kujanuwari kuya kumhla zingama kundasa wezi umbukiso wakhe wokuqala wawusegalari egoli ngo ngemuva kokuthola umklomelo wesibili emncintiswaneni we uat ngo umason uveze njalo egoli ekapa epitoli estellenbosch empumalanga nasegeorge igalari yasegoodman igalari yasechelsea i association of arts epitoli i hout street gallery i strydom gallery idorp street gallery ubuciko obusephepha igalari ye abalone isasol art museum i university of stellenbosch i standard bank museum ukaren mackerron gallery kanye nama graphicgraphic imidwebo kawoyela nemidwebo e ombondi gallery enew york ngonyaka ka nangamuva nje ama tapestries imidwebo nemidwebo edeering estate emiami dade ngo nakwizindikimba e art basel miami beach nango i africa evenice biennale so paulo biennale ebrazil uvalparaiso biennale echile kanye nehouston arts festival e usa uthenjiwe mtintso wazalwa mhla ziyisikhombisa kulwezi ngonyaka ka elokishini lase sowetoegoli lapho akhulela khona umama wakhe uhanna mtintso wayesebenza njengomsizi wasendlini kanti ubaba ugana makabeni wayengusotswebhu wezinyunyana kanye nelungu le african national congress umtintso wabhekana nezinqinamba zezimali ezamvimbela ekuqhubekeni nezifundo zakhe njengomphumela waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye isikole ayosebenza ngokugcwele ezinkampanini ezahlukene ukukhokhela izifundo zakhe esikoleni samazinga aphakeme kanye nasenyuvesi yase fort hare enyuvesi waba yisishoshovu somfundi kwi south african student organisation kanye ne black consciousness movement ubushoshovu bakhe njengomfundi kwezepolitiki kwaholela ekuxoshweni kwakhe enyuvesi yase fort hare njengomphumela wobushoshovu bakhe kwezepolitiki umtintso wavalelwa izikhathi ezahlukene umbutho wezokuvikela ngonyaka ka waphinde wanqatshelwa ukuhlanganyela emibuthwaneni eminingi ngenxa yokuba yisishoshovu nomdidiyeli nobuntatheli bephephandaba i daily dispatch newspaper emva kokuboshwa nokuhlukunyezwa ngumbutho wezokuphepha umtintso waphoqeleka ukuba aye ekudingisweni ngonyaka ka lapho wazibandakanya nombutho we anc kanye nomkhonto wesizwe waqeqeshelwa ubusotsha wazabalaza ngaphezu kwezinqinamba waba ngumkhuzi womkhonto wesizwe wathunyelwa ef del valle school ecuba ukuyoqhubeka nokuqeqeshwa umtintso wahlala ekudingisweni kwaze kwaba unyaka ka wayesebuyela eningizimu afrika waqokelwa ekomidini elikhulu loguquko waba yilungu elisemqoka ku convention for a democratic south africa codesa kwizingxoxo kokhetho lokuqala lwentando yeningi kundasa wonyaka ka waba yilungu le anc lase palamende wabuye wasebenza njengosihlalo wekhomishana yokulingana kwezobulili ngo kanye nosihlalo webhodi lwezokuxhumana kwezobulili emva konyaka waqokelwa yisekela likanobhala we anc umtintso waphinde wasebenza njengelungu lekomidi ye south african communist party ngaleso sikhathi wayenza nezifundo zobuciko enyuvesi yase witwatersrand ngonyaka ka ngonyaka ka waqokelwa isikhundla sokuyomelela iningizimu afrika ecuba waphinde waqokwa ngo ukuyomelela iningizimu afrika ezweni lase italy abalwi nkululeko yezomnotho v usomlomo womkhandlu kazwelonke kanye nabanye idemocratic alliance v likasomlomo wesigungu sikazwelonke kanye abanye isahlulelo ezinkulu inkantolo yomthethosisekelo waseningazimu afika lapho ithola ukuthi umongameli waseningizimu afrika jacob zuma engalandeli somthethosisekelo waseningizimu afrika ngokwehluleka ukusebenzisa izincomo umvikeli womphakathi ka enkandla bika ngo ngesikhathi sekhefu lokuqala likamongameli uzuma ikhaya lakhe lasenkandla lavuselelwa kakhulu futhi laba ngcono ihhovisi likamengameli lithe lezi zingqinamba ezenzelwe ukuvikeleka kwezokuphepha nokho maduze nje kwavela ukuthi ngcono ayenezici khungekho ukuphepha njengomuntu yokubhukuda nezinkomo esibayeni umvikeli womphakathi uthuli madonsela waqala uphenyo ngokusetshenziswa kabi kwezinsizakusebenza zikahulumeni ngomhlaka mashi wakhipha umbiko wakhe owawubizwa ngenkandla owathola ukuthi ezinye zezinto ezazithuthukisiwe azikho emthethweni futhi watusa ukuthi umengameli uzuma abuyisele imali ababeyisebenzisela yona lo mbiko ukhombise ukuphikisana kakhulu njengoba uzuma nohulumeni wakhe we anc benqabile ukuwenza futhi bephikisana nokusebenza kwawo ngokusemthethweni izikhathi ezintathu ngonyaka ka ihhovisi likamongameli libhalele umvikeli womphakathi izincwadi libhala ngokungakholelwa kulo mbiko ngo agasti uzuma uthe uzovumela iphalamende kanye nongqongqoshe wezamaphoyisa ukuthi banqume ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo zokulungisa uma zikhona okufanele bazithathe ubuye wakuphika ukuthi izincomo zomvikeli womphakathi zibopha ngokusemthethweni ukuxoshwa kukazuma kuholele ekugxekeni okukhulu nokwandile kufakwe namaqembu aphikisayo i abalweli benkululeko yazomnotho amalungu ephalamende le eff ahlala ephazamisa ukusebenza kwamalungu ephalamende efuna ukuthi uzuma abuyisele imali okuholele ekutheni kube nokuxabana phakathi kwawo nosomlomo wephalamende likazwelonke baleka mbete ethathwa ngabathile njengokuthi akhethe uzuma ekuphatheni kwakhe iphalamende amacala kwesinye isigameko esinjalo enkulumweni kazuma yesimo sezwe kazuma ka lezi ziphazamiso zaholela ekuxabaneni phakathi kwamalungu ephalamende nabasebenzi bezokuphepha kanye nesinyathelo esalandelwa yinkantolo esanqunywa kuhulumeni ngesikhathi uzuma evela ephalamende wayelokhu enganaki noma ehleka imibuzo ephathelene nenkandla ekugcineni i eff yamemezela ngomeyi ukuthi izofaka isicelo senkantolo sokuphoqa uzuma ukuthi enze lo mbiko womvikeli womphakathi i da yafaka isicelo esifanayo kungekudala njengoba bekulindelekile iphalamende likazwelonke elilawulwa yi anc lenza ikomidi elibhekelele ukuphenya ngendlela efanayo eliholwa ngungqongqoshe wezamaphoyisa unathi nhleko obike ukuthi adedele lo mbiko ngo agasti wonyaka ka lo mbiko wamukelwa yiphalamende ngomhlaka agasti ngalesi sizathu uzuma uqhubeke nokungazinaki izincomo zomvikeli womphakathi ngomhlaka okthoba inkantolo enkulu yokudluliswa kwamacala yaseningizimu afrika yakhipha isinqumo odabeni oluhlukile olubizwa ngesabc v da mayelana nohlaudi motsoeneng saga oluthola ukuthi imibiko yomvikeli womphakathi ibopha ngokusemthethweni ngokwenza lokhu inkantolo yabuyisela inkantolo enkulu isinqumo sayo sangomhlaka okthoba sathi leyo mibiko iyiseluleko nje isonto ngaphambi kokulalelwa kwecala ihhovisi likamongameli lenze umzamo wokumangala ukuyixazulula le ndaba futhi lahlanganisa incwadi eyayi drafti eyayifuna ukuyibuyisela enye imali umvikeli womphakathi waphawula ukuthi lo mbhalo ogciniwe ubonisa kuphela ukuthobela ingxenye yezincomo zakhe i eff yenza isivumelwano sokuphikisana nohlelo lokuthi kubhalwe ukuthi incwadi yasenkandla ibopha uzuma ngokusemthethweni nokuthi ngokwehluleka ukusisebenzisa isephule umthethosisekelo waseningizimu afrika kanye nesifungo sakhe sokuba sesikhundleni amaqembu ahlulekile ukufinyelela kwisivumelwano ukulalelwa kwecala kwenzeka ngomhlaka febhruwari kuyo umeluleki kazuma ujeremy gauntlett sc wenza uchungechunge olukhulu lokuvumelana kubandakanya nokuthi umbiko wasenkandla ubopha uzuma kodwa wacela inkantolo ukuthi ingasho ukuthi uzuma wenze ngokungahambisani nomthethosisekelo udaba lolu belubalulekile ngoba isimemezelo esinjalo bekuzoba yisisekelo sokufakwa kukazuma isu likazuma lithathwe njengemizamo yokugwema umthwalo wemfanelo nokujikisa ongqongqoshe bakhe ngaphansi kwebhasi ithimba lezomthetho likangqongqoshe unhleko naye uthe izandla zakhe ziboshwe ngoba elandela imiyalo evela kuzuma kanye nendlu kazwelonke iseluleko sikasomlomo baleka mbete ulindi lord thomas sc siphikise kakhulu i akhawunti ye eff ne da ngamaqiniso nomthetho kodwa ekugcineni waphoqeleka ukuba abambe iqhaza futhi wagconwa kakhulu ngokusebenza kwakhe ngokuxhamazela isinqumo senkantolo yomthethosisekelo sikhiphe isinqumo senkantolo ngomhlaka mashi yijaji eyijaji umogoeng mogoeng kuqinisekisa ukubanjwa kwe sca ku sabc v da ukuthi izincomo zomvikeli womphakathi ziyabopha ikwenza lokhu ngesisekelo sokuchazwa okwenziwe ngenhloso komthethosisekelo waseningizimu afrika ngaphandle kwamandla okwenza izincomo ezibophayo imogoeng cj ephethe umvikeli womphakathi ubengafanele isichasiselo ngokusho kukamogoeng ukuthi izincomo zomvikeli womphakathi kumele zisetshenziswe ngaphandle kokuthi zibekwe eceleni yinkantolo njengoba umengameli uzuma angawunakanga lowo mbiko ngaphandle kokuthi abekele eceleni umogoeng ubephethe ukuthi wephule umthethosisekelo waseningizimu afrika umogoeng uphinde wathola ukuthi isishayamthetho sikazwelonke senze ngokungemthetho ngokwehluleka ukwenza lo mbiko umyalo wenkantolo waphinda kakhulu izinyathelo zokulungisa ezidingekayo ngumvikeli womphakathi umgcinimafa kazwelonke oholwa ngupravin gordhan obesanda kuvala izimpondo nabaphathi bakazuma uyalelwe kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama ukuthi kubhekwe izindleko zokuthuthuka okungeyona kwezokuphepha enkandla kanye nengxenye yalokho kubuyiswe nguzuma umongameli wayalelwa ukuthi enze le mali ingakapheli izinsuku ezingama futhi akhuze ongqongqoshe ababengamele umsebenzi wokwakha ukwahlulelwa kukamogoeng onamandla futhi ngokujulile kudalulwe ngokuthi ukunqoba komthetho futhi kwaba nethonya elikhulu kumongameli osolwa kakhulu ngokuziphatha kwakhe kwakuhlazisa omunye ophawula wathi isahlulelo sikamogoeng kwakuyisikhathi sakhe sokunqoba nokuhlenga futhi waphawula ukuguquka kwakhe kusuka ekucabangeni kokuthi yithuluzi lokusungulwa kwaba iqhawe likazwelonke ngendlela ekhumbuza u earl warren umhlaziyi wezepolitiki usteven friedman uthe isahlulelo ngumyalezo osobala nokho wokuthi umthethosisekelo uyasebenza omunye umhlaziyi uthe ukubaluleka kwalesi sinqumo ukuthi kungukugcizelela kwemisipha yokuthi yonke imibuso kuleli lizwe ingaphansi komthethosisekelo owabe umongameli uthabo mbeki uthe abahluleli wenkantolo yomthethosisekelo kufanele kube bingelela ngoba ngendlela ngokucophelela lapho kukhishelwa yemfanelo alo ngokomthethosisekelo njengoba inkantolo yethu isihloko ujustice edwin cameron obehlala kuleli cala uphakamise inkulumo yakhe emphakathini wathi ngesinye sezinqumo ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu zenkantolo omunye ophawula wathi yize kunjalo isinqumo sikamongameli uzuma sivumelile amaphuzu amaningi inkantolo inqume ngaye ngaphandle kwalokho isimemezelo senkantolo sokuthi uzuma wephule umthethosisekelo nokuyinto eyayingaba yisisekelo sokuthinteka kukazuma ekuphakameni kwesinqumo ngokushesha ujulius malema nommusi maimane abaholi bababili abafake izicelo kuleli cala bafuna uzuma ehle esikhundleni kodwa ke uzuma ubefuna ukusibeka phansi isinqumo esitatimendeni sabezindaba kusihlwa esilandelayo uthe usamukele lesi sinqumo futhi ubelokhu emukela imibiko yomvikeli womphakathi ebopha futhi waphawula ukuthi inkantolo ithole ukuthi wayenelungelo lokufaka inqubo ephenya ngokufana futhi wasebenze ngokweqiniso futhi e ukholo oluhle abahlaziyi bezomthetho bazigxekile lezi zimangalo njengokudalulwa okungafanele kwesinqumo bakhomba ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi bekungekho cala njengoba uzuma asho ukuthi ubemukela indlela yasenkantolo enkulu yamandla omvikeli womphakathi ekwahlulelweni kwayo kwe da v kwasabc ngoba lokho kudluliselwe emavikini ayisithupha ngemuva uzuma usayine inhloso yakhe yokungahambisani nombiko wakhe abahlaziyi baphinde basigxeka isitatimende sikamongameli sokuthi inkantolo ayikaze imthole uzuma egqekeza ihhovisi lakhe ngoba lokho bekungasho ukuthi lesi sinqumo asinakuphikwa kepha i anc yaqhubeka nokweseka uzuma uphiko lwabesifazane lwe anc selukhiphe isitatimende ngemuva kwezinsolo ezithi isahlulelo sokholo lwaso kuzuma sisalokhu singakashiswa unobhala jikelele ugwede mantashe ekhuluma egameni lele ndawo ebizwa ngokuthi yitop six uthe uyakwamukela lokho okushiwo nguzuma ngokuxolisa kodwa okufuna ukuthi icala lakhe ligasele isilobe esikhulu ujackson mthembu kanye nephini likangqongqoshe wezobulungiswa ujohn jeffery bathathe umbono wokuthi yize uzuma ephule umthethosisekelo ukwephula umthetho kwakungeyona into ebucayi imibhikisho yokuthathwa kwezikhundla ngamalungu e mp aphikisayo mhlaka ephreli yehlulekile ngamavoti angaphezu kuka abanye bamangele ukuthi ngisho nabaphikisi bakazuma ngaphakathi ku anc cyril ramaphosa pravin gordhan bavote ngalesisenzo icongress of the people neqembu eliphikisayo ithi izokwenqabela ukuqulwa kwamacala ephalamende ngenxa yokwehluleka kwephalamende likazwelonke ukufeza isinqumo senkantolo yize kunjalo abahlaziyi abaningi bathi lesi sinqumo singamdonsisa ihlombe uzuma yize izimpi ezikhona ngaphakathi ku anc zizoba yisona esihamba phambili omunye uphakamise ukuthi amalungu e anc anamandla alahlekelwe yithemba kuzuma futhi angahle amxoshe i south african communist party eyingxenye yomfelandawonye wezakhe uzuma ibikade ingabaza ngokwanele ukuphendula kwakhe kulesi sinqumo amanye amalungu e anc agxeka uzuma ngokuvela kwakhe olandelayo futhi amalungu amaningi avelele omphakathi kanye nalabo ababefake ngaphakathi ku anc kubandakanya u ahmed kathrada uronnie kasrils utrevor manuel ucheryl carolus kanye nejaji lenkantolo yomthethosisekelo esethathe umhlalaphansi uzak yacoob wacela ukuthi uzuma ashiye phansi nokuhoxa emuva kwabalingani bakazuma abathile umkhandlu wamasonto waseningizimu afrika wenze okufanayo wathi uzuma ulahlekelwe yigunya lonke lokuziphatha i anc yasegauteng eholwa ngumgxeki uzuma upaul mashatile isithathile isinqumo sokuthi uzuma kumele esule esikhundleni ukungabaza kuphakanyisiwe ngobuholi bukazuma ngisho nasezinhlwini zakhe zendabuko ezifana namagatsha e anc aselimpopo kanye nememorandamu ye anc yangaphakathi ethunyelwe ngabasebenza ngamaqembu kwabakwatop six ngenxa yokuthi bafuna ukuthi uzuma akhumbule futhi bamqhathanisa nomengameli uhlelo lobandlululo pw botha ekugcineni amalungu omndeni wakwagupta acatshangelwe ukuthi angabalingani bakazuma asebehlala isikhathi eside nababalulekile kwezemali ashiya phansi inkampani yawo enkulu futhi abalekela dubai ngesonto eledlule ngemuva kwesinqumo eshiya uzuma ngombono wabahlaziyi abathile abasengozini enkulu ngemuva kwalezi zinguquko umalema uthe sekuyisikhathi manje sokuchoboza ikhanda lenyoka ngo ephreli umax du preez uthe umbuzo osemqoka manje njengoba amandla kagesi esephendukele kuzuma bekuyindlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi uphuma ephethwe futhi engenabo udlame reginald tambo wazalwa ngomhlaka kumfumfu ngonyaka ka endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi inkantolo edolobheni lasebizana epondoland eseyaziwa ngokuthi y i eastern cape lendawo utambo wavelela kuyo kwakusemapulazini ubaba wakhe umzimeni tambo wayeyindodana yomunini pulazi nomsizi wesitolo esisasiseduze nakubo ubaba umzimeni wayenamakhosikazi amane nezingane eziyishumi bonke babengafundile umama ka oliver wayeyinkosikazi yesithathu igama lakhe kwakungu julia tambo babevela emndenini ozimele izingane zikababa wakhe kwakumele zibe nemfundo enhle wafunda e angelican and methodist missionary school nase holly cross missionary school nobhuti wakhe ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu e holy cross utambo wenza kahle ezifundweni zakhe wadlulela est peter egoli utambo wenza iziqu ngonyaka ka njengomunye wabafundi abaphambili ngemuva kwalokho utambo wangeniswa enyuvesi yasefort hare kodwa ngo yena kanye nabanye abaningana kuhlanganisa unelson mandela waxoshwa ngenxa yokubamba iqhaza esitelekeni sabafundi ngonyaka ka utambo wabuyela esikoleni ayekade efunda kuso esikoleni samazinga aphakeme egoli ukuyofundisa izifundo zesayensi nezibalo ngonyaka ka utambo umandela kanye nowalter sisulu basungula uphiko lwentsha lwe anc lapho utambo eba ngunobhala wabo wokuqala kazwelonke futhi waba yilungu lesigungu sikazwelonke ngo inhlangano yentsha yahlongoza ukuthi kuguqulwe amaqhinga wenhlangano elwa nobandlululo phambilini i anc ibikade ifuna ukuqhubekisela phambili imbangela yayo ngezenzo ezifana nezikhalazo kanye nemiboniso uphiko lwentsha lwabona ukuthi lezi zenzo azenele ukufeza izinhloso zeqembu futhi ziphakamisa olwabo uhlelo lokusebenza lolu hlelo lwalumela emaqhingeni anjengokuqala iziteleka ukunganakwa kwezidingo zomphakathi kanye nokungabambisani ngonyaka ka utambo waba ngunobhala jikelele we anc ngemuva kokuthi usisulu enqatshelwe nguhulumeni waseningizimu afrika ngaphansi komthetho wokuqinisa ubukhomanisi ngo waba yiphini likamongameli we anc kwathi ngonyaka ka wanikezwa umyalo wokuxoshwa kweminyaka emihlanu nguhulumeni ngemuva kwezinkinga ngokushaywa kwakhe isifo sohlangothi utambo washona ngomhlaka kumbasa ngonyaka ka eneminyaka ewu ukufa kwakhe kwenzeka ezinsukwini eziyi ngemuva kokubulawa kukachris hani nonyaka owodwaafrican ngaphambi kokhetho lukazwelonke luka lapho unelson mandela aba ngumongameli waseningizimu afrika umandela uthabo mbeki kanye nowalter sisulu baya emngcwabeni utambo wangcwatshwa ebenoni egauteng african national congress umavivi manzini wazalelwa e alexandra township ngaphandle kwegoli itransvaal manje eyigauteng ngo wabe esethuthela esoweto umanzini wahlaselwa yisifo sesifuba esemncane futhi ngenxa yalokho wahlala eduze kweminyaka emine esibhedlela waze waba neminyaka eyi abazali bakamanzini ababengothisha bobabili babengamalunga asebenzayo e african national congress anc ngawo umanzini uqobo waba nesandla kwezepolitiki ngesikhathi esesikoleni esiphakeme lapho ejoyina isouth african student movement sasm ngo waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe eturfloop university enyakatho transvaal lapho wasebenza khona kanzima ukuze azimele kwezepolitiki yize isouth africa yayivinjelwe inhlangano yabafundi i african student organisation saso kanye nokuxoshwa ukuvalwa kanye nokufakwa ejele kwezitshudeni eziningi zabafundi emkhandlwini omele abafundi umanzini wazibandakanya ku anc ngomshoshaphansi ngonyaka we wasiza uphiko lwezempi lwe anc umkhonto we sizwe mk ngokuphinda futhi ahlinzeke ngolwazi ngendawo nemisebenzi yamaphoyisa endaweni yasenyakatho transvaal ayazi kahle lokhu kuhlangana ne anc kwanikeza umanzini nezishoshovu ezikanye naye imfundo yezepolitiki njengoba behlinzekwa ngezincwadi zezombusazwe ezivinjelwe futhi bahlala belalela iradio freedom eyayisakazwa yi anc isuka elusaka ezambia ukuhlinzeka iningizimu afrika imininingwane mayelana naleso sikhathi ivinjelwe i anc umanzini wazibandakanya ku anc ngomshoshaphansi ngonyaka we wasiza uphiko lwezempi lwe anc umkhonto we sizwe mk ngokuphinda futhi ahlinzeke ngolwazi ngendawo nemisebenzi yamaphoyisa endaweni yasenyakatho transvaal ayazi kahle lokhu kuhlangana ne anc kwanikeza umanzini nezishoshovu ezikanye naye imfundo yezepolitiki njengoba behlinzekwa ngezincwadi zezombusazwe ezivinjelwe futhi bahlala belalela iradio freedom eyayisakazwa yi anc isuka elusaka ezambia ukuhlinzeka iningizimu afrika imininingwane mayelana naleso sikhathi ivinjelwe i anc umanzini waboshwa mhlaka kujulayi ngemuva kokuba elinye lamalungu ophiko lwemk livume emaphoyiseni ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili zokuhlukunyezwa esitokisini wavalelwa yedwa esitokisini futhi waboshwa izinyanga ezimbili waze wakhululwa ngosepthemba ngemuva kokuzwa ukuthi ezinye izishoshovu zakhe ezintathu ziphinde zaboshwa walishiya izwe lasebotswana ukugula kwakhe ngenxa yepholiyo esengumntwana kwamshiya enensaga ehlukile kwamenza waphunyuka ezweni lonke futhi kwaba yingozi njengoba ukukhubazeka kwakhe kukwenza ukuhamba kube nzima futhi kubonakale kuye uhambo lukamanzini lokuya ebotswana lwenziwe lwaba khona ngobuqili kanye nenhlanhla usebenzise i limp yakhe nomlando wakhe nge polio ukukholhisa onogada basemngceleni ukuthi wayegula kakhulu nokuthi wayehamba eyovakashela abelaphi bendabuko abahlala eduze nomfula ngamanzi akholelwa ukuthi azomelapha lapho umanzini ekugcineni efika ebotswana wafaka isicelo sokukhosela wahlala izinyanga ezintathu wabe eseya ezambia ukuyoqhubeka nezifundo zakhe uthole iziqu ze bachelor kwi science science socialology kanye nentuthuko ezifundweni zakhe ngo ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu zakhe wajoyina unobhala wesikhathi esigcwele se anc women s section ngokugcwele futhi wasebenza njengomhleli osizayo we voice of women i anc ukushicilelwa umanzini usebenze engxenyeni yabesifazane ukuhlanganisa abesifazane ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezwe ukuze baqhubeke nomzabalazo ube ngumholi we anc women s league ancwl egoli kusuka ngonyaka we kuya ku ngo ephreli wakhethwa njengelungu lephalamende le anc umavivi myakayaka manzini uphethe imasters s ezifundweni zentuthuko ochwepheshe besifazane kanye nentuthuko abavela esikhungo sokufunda komphakathi ehague netherlands ungqongqoshe wezasekhaya kanye nelinye v fourie nelinye i lesbi ne gay equity project kanye nabanye v ngungqongqoshe wezasekhaya nabanye zacc le ncazelo ayizibandakanyi izinyunyana zabobulili obuhlukile iphinde yahlukanisa inyunyana yesithembu noma yesithembu efana umshado wamasulumane nemishado ngaphansi umthetho wamasiko eningizimu afrika umthetho womshado iningizimu afrika umthetho olawula ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni komshado awushongo lutho olungasho lutho ngabalingani bomshado kodwa ke isigaba salesi senzo njengoba sishiwo ngumthetho wokulungiswa kwemishado we sidinga ukuthi isiphathimandla somshado sibuze umuntu ngamunye emshadweni ngabe wena ab uyamemezela ukuthi ngokwazi kwakho akukho mqobo osemthethweni emshadweni wakho ohlongozwayo one cd lapha nokuthi ubiza bonke lapha ukuba bafakaze ukuthi uthatha icd njengomkakho osemthethweni noma umyeni wakhe futhi ngemuva kwalokho amaqembu anikezane isandla sokudla kanti isiphathimandla somshado esithintekayo siyomemezela umshado onesivumelwano ngamagama alandelayo ngimemezela ukuthi u ab no cd lapha babeshade ngokusemthethweni umthethosisekelo wesikhashana owaqala ukusebenza ngo ephreli kanye nomthethosisekelo wokugcina owawuthatha ngofebhuwari womabili ukwenqabela ukucwaswa okungafanele ngenxa yesifiso sokuya ocansini isigaba somthethosisekelo wokugcina waseningizimu afrika unikeza kanjena wonke umuntu uyalingana phambi komthetho futhi unelungelo lokuvikelwa okulinganayo nokuzuzwa ngumthetho ukulingana kufaka phakathi ukuthokozela okugcwele nokulinganayo kwawo wonke amalungelo nenkululeko umbuso awunakudlulwa ngokungafanele noma ngokungaqondile kunoma ngubani ngesizathu esisodwa noma ngaphezulu kufaka phakathi ubuhlanga ubulili ubulili ukukhulelwa isimo somshado imvelaphi yobuhlanga noma yenhlalo umbala ukubhekisisa ezocansi ubudala ukukhubazeka inkolo unembeza inkolelo isiko ulimi nokuzalwa akekho umuntu ongabandlulula ngokungafanele kunoma ngubani ngesizathu esisodwa noma ngaphezulu ngokwesigaba isigaba somthethosisekelo sihlinzekela ukuthi wonke umuntu unesithunzi semvelo kanye nelungelo lokuthi isithunzi sabo sihlonishwe futhi sivikelwe abafakizicelo kwakungunkz mari adriaana fourie nonkz cecelia johanna bonthuys umbhangqwana ongathandani nabathandanayo ngaphambi kokulalelwa kwecala izicelo zenziwa ngabedooms for life international kanye nommeli waso wezomthetho umnuz john smyth ukuthi bavunyelwe njenge amici curiae isicelo semukelwa njenge amicus curiae sabuye senziwa yimishado alliance yaseningizimu afrika sisekelwa encwadini efungelwe ngukhadinali wilfred napier amajaji ayisishiyagalolunye alalele leli cala avumelana ngokungananazi ukuthi abashadikazi bobulili obufanelwe banelungelo lokushada bayichaza kanjalo ke le ncazelo yomthetho ojwayelekile wokuthi umshado awuhambelani nomthethosisekelo futhi awusebenzi ngendlela yokuthi awuvumi ukuthi abantu abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile bajabulele isimo nezinzuzo ezihambisana nemithwalo yemfanelo eyanikwa imibhangqwana engafani nobungqingili babengavumelani ngokuthola ikhambi iningi limise ukumenyezelwa kokungasebenzi isikhathi esingunyaka ukuze kuvunyelwe isikhathi sephalamende sokulungisa iphutha iphinde yamemezela ukuthi okushiwo kusigaba somthetho womshado ngemuva kwamagama athi noma umyeni wamagama noma oshade naye akuhambelani nomthethosisekelo futhi akuvumelekile ngezinga lokungahambelani futhi isimemezelo sokungabonakali sasimisiwe unyaka wonke ukuze kuvunyelwe isikhathi sephalamende sokulungisa iphutha ujustice kate o regan ophikisana naye yedwa ngokwengxenye ucabanga ukuthi lesi simiso kufanele siguqulwe ngokushesha ukutholwa kwenkantolo bekuncike esigabeni somthethosisekelo waseningizimu afrika ikakhulukazi ilungelo lokuvikelwa okulinganayo kanye nokuhlomula komthetho esigabeni kanye nokwenqatshelwa okucacile kokubandlululwa kubandakanya nesisekelo ukuya ocansini esigabeni umthetho ojwayelekile nesigaba somthetho womshado wakwenqabela ukuvikela abashadikazi bobulili obufanayo nokuzuzwa komthetho ngokungqubuzana nesigaba somthethosisekelo futhi kwahlangana ndawonye kwaholela ekutheni imibhangqwana yobungqingili eyodwa ifakwe ngaphansi ukucwaswa okungafanele ngumbuso kungqubuzana nesigaba somthethosisekelo lapho kuhlaziywa umongo wombuso wonke wezomthetho incazelo yomthetho ojwayelekile ngomshado kanye nesigaba somthetho womshado ayibandakanyiwe amasach atholakala futhi awahambisani nomthethosisekelo ngezinga lokuthi awazange enze sivumelwano esifanele abantu abathandana nobungqingili ukugubha izinyunyana zabo ngendlela efanayo evumela ngayo imibhangqwana engafani nabobulili obuhlukile ukwenza lokhu kwephulwa kwamalungelo okulingana kanye nesithunzi semibhangqwana yobungqingili abulingani njengoba kuchaziwe esigabeni sama somthethosisekelo ukwehluleka komthetho ojwayelekile kanye nomthetho womshado wokuhlinzeka ngezindlela lapho imibhangqwana yobungqingili ingajabulela isimo esifanayo amalungelo kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo enikezwe imibhangqwana engashadene nobungqingili ngomshado ngakho ke lokho kuwukwephula ilungelo labo lokuvikelwa okulinganayo komthetho ngaphansi kwesigaba nokuthi singabandlululwa ngokungafanele ngokwesigaba somthethosisekelo ngaphezu kwalokho ukwehluleka okunjalo kuveze ukuphulwa okungenakulungiseka kwelungelo labo lesithunzi ngokwesigaba somthethosisekelo yinto eyodwa abhalwe ngabakwasach ukuthi inkantolo yomthethosisekelo ivume iqhaza elibalulekile elethwa yinkolo empilweni yomphakathi kungenye futhi ukuthi isebenzise imfundiso yenkolo njengomthombo wokuhumusha umthethosisekelo kungaba ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imizwa yenkolo yabathile njengesiqondisi samalungelo omthethosisekelo abanye abahluleli babeyobekwa esimweni esingenakubekezeleleka uma bebizelwe ukuba benze imibhalo yenkolo futhi babambe iqhaza ezindabeni ezibangele ukungezwani okujulile ezinhlanganweni zezenkolo umthethosisekelo ama sachs uyaqhubeka uqukethe izinhlinzeko eziningi ezigcizelela inani lomthethosisekelo lokuvuma ukwahlukahluka kanye nobuningi emiphakathini yaseningizimu afrika futhi unikeze ukuthungwa okuthile kwilungelo elibanzi elibanzi lokukhululeka lokuqukethwe eliqukethwe esigabeni behlangene baqinisekisa ilungelo labantu lokuzikhulumela ngaphandle kokuphoqwa ukuthi bazithobe emasikweni nakwinkolo yabanye futhi bagcizelela ukubaluleka kwabantu nemiphakathi ukukwazi ukujabulela lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ilungelo lokuhluka kuwona womabili la mazwe kutholakele indawo kumalungu emiphakathi ukusuka esimeni esikhulu inkantolo yaphawula ukuthi iningizimu afrika inenqwaba yezindlela zokwakheka kwemindeni ezivela ngokushesha njengoba umphakathi uthuthuka ngakho ke akufanelekile ukufaka noma yiluphi uhlobo uhlobo njengokuphela kokumukeleka emphakathini nokwamukelekayo ngokusemthethweni kunesidingo esikhulu somthethosisekelo sokuvuma umlando omude waseningizimu afrika nakwamanye amazwe ngokubhekelwa phansi kanye nokushushiswa kwezitabane lesbians yize kuye kwenziwa impumelelo ethile ezindaweni ezithile inkantolo iphinde yathola ukuthi akukho mthetho ophelele olandelwayo wamalungelo omndeni wokuziphatha kwabantu abathandana nabobulili obufanayo nokuthi umthethosisekelo umele ukuqothuka okudala okwedlule okuhambisana nokubekezelela kanye nokungafakwa kanye nokuqhubekela phambili ekwamukelweni kwesidingo sokuthuthukisa umphakathi osuselwa ekulinganeni nenhlonipho yibo bonke inkantolo iveze ukuthi obekudingida lesi yisidingo sokuqinisekisa isimo somphakathi njengenye esekelwe ekubekezeleni nasekuhloniphaneni ujoe slovo ozelwe uyossel mashel slovo meyi ngomasingana kunhlolanja wayengusopolitiki waseningizimu afrika futhi ephikisana nohlelo lobandlululo umarxist leninist wayengumholi wesikhathi eside futhi eyisishoshovu kwisouth african communist party sacp ilungu eliphambili le african national congress anc nomkhuzi wephiko le anc lezempi umkhonto we sizwe mk isakhamuzi saseningizimu afrika esiqhamuka emndenini wamajuda lithuanian islovo besiyisiphathimandla kwicongress of nations people of june ngonhlangulani eyasungula i charter freedom waboshwa izinyanga eziyisithupha ngonyaka ka futhi wavela njengomholi wasemkhonto we sizwe ngonyaka olandelayo wahlala ekudingisweni kusuka ngonyaka ka kuya ku enza imisebenzi yokulwa nobandlululo e united kingdom angola mozambique nasezambia ngo wabuyela eningizimu afrika wabamba iqhaza ezingxoxweni ezaphela nobandlululo waziwa ngokuphakamisa imigatshana yelanga ehlanganisa iminyaka engu kulandela ukhetho lwentando yeningi okubandakanya iziqinisekiso nokuvuma kuzo zonke izinhlangothi kanye nokuma okungahlangene nobandlululo ngemuva kokhetho lwango waba ngungqongqoshe wezindlu kuhulumeni kanelson mandela ushonile umdlavuza ngo uslovo wazalelwa e obeliai elithuania emndenini wamajuda owathuthela e union of south africa lapho eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili uyise ubesebenza njengomshayeli weloli egoli yize umndeni wakhe wawusenkolweni waba ngumuntu ongakholelwa kunkulunkulu owagcina ehlonipha izici ezinhle zesiko lamajuda uslovo wayeka isikole ngo futhi wathola umsebenzi wokuba umabhalane wokuhambisa izincwadi ujoyine inational union of distributive workers futhi njengomphathi wezitolo wabamba iqhaza ekuhleleni isiteleka islovo yajoyina iqembu laseningizimu afrika lamakhomanisi ngonyaka ngo eshukunyiswe izimpi zered army ngokulwa namanazi e eastern front of war ii uslovo wazinikelwa ukuthi alwe empini wasebenza njengomsayineli emisebenzini yokulwa kwamasosha aseningizimu afrika enyakatho afrika nase italy kwathi lapho ebuyela eningizimu afrika wajoyina i springbok legion inhlangano yezizwe ezahlukahlukene eyayisebenza ngokuqinile phakathi kuka no waphothula iziqu zobudokotela ewits university futhi eyisishoshovu sabafundi ubesekilasini elifanayo nonelson mandela noharry schwarz ngo washada noruth first esinye isishoshovu esidumile sokulwa nobandlululo kanye nendodakazi yomgcinimafa wesacp ujulius okokuqala babenamadodakazi amathathu ushawn ugillian norobyn uruth okokuqala wabulawa ngonyaka ka emaputo ngokuyalelwa kukacraig williamson owayeyiphoyisa emaphoyiseni ezokuphepha ngo i sacp yavalwa futhi bobabili abokuqala kanye nabakwaslovo bafakwa ohlwini njengamakhomanisi ngaphansi komthetho wokuqinisa ubukhomanisi futhi babungeke bacashunwe noma babe khona emibuthanweni yomphakathi eningizimu afrika waphinde waba ummemezeli e south african congress of democrats sizana anc njengengxenye congress alliance futhi uyisihambeli inhlaba ngo icongress of the people ihlelwe yi anc ne indian amakhaladi namandiya bayingxenye yabasebenzi nezinhlangano omhlophe ekliptown eduze negoli esidale i freedom charter waboshwa futhi waboshwa izinyanga ezimbili ngesikhathi setraason trial yango amacala abhekene nawo alahlwa ngonyaka we ngokuhamba kwesikhathi waboshwa izinyanga eziyisithupha ngesikhathi umbuso wezimo eziphuthumayo umenyezelwe ngemuva kokubulawa kwabantu esharpeville ngo ngo uslovo no abongz mbede bavela babaholi ababili basemkhonto thina usizwe mk ophiko lwamasosha kakhongolose babumba umfelandawonye phakathi kwe anc ne sacp ngo waya ekudingisweni wayohlala ebrithani angola mozambique nasezambia esikhundleni sakhe sokuba yinduna yabasebenzi bakwamk wabala ngemisebenzi yayo njengokuqhuma kwamabhomu ngo church street ngo unkosikazi weslovo uruth first wabulawa emaputo emozambiki lapho lo mbhangqwana uhlala khona udingisiwe ngo islovo eyilungu le anc ne sacp baphoqeleka ukuba bashiye imozambiki ngokuya ngenkomati accord phakathi kwemarxist people s republic of mozambique kanye nobandlululo lwaseningizimu afrika ngo wakhethwa njengonobhala jikelele wesacp elusaka ezambia kwathi ngo waba yilungu lokuqala elimhlophe esigungwini esiphezulu se anc kuzwelonke uslovo ubengumbhali wokuhola phambili ku sacp naku anc ngeminyaka yama wabhala inselelo enethonya ethi south africa no middle road eyayiphikisana nokuthi uhulumeni wobandlululo ngehluleke ukuzuza uzinzo aqoke izingxenye ezibalulekile zesigaba esiphakathi kodwa esimnyama esimaphakathi noma asenze ngentando yeningi yayiphakathi kokugumbuqelwa kobandlululo okusobala kugxile kumk noma ukucindezelwa okukhulu kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi umbono we sacp noma ongokwesiko nowezinyathelo ezimbili wokushintshwa kwezinguquko eningizimu afrika inguquko kazwelonke yentando yeningi kuqala ubusoshiyali ngemuva kwesikhathi babubusa enhlanganweni eyayiholwa yi anc islovo s isouth african working class kanye nenational democratic revolution bavikele umbono osesiteji ezimbili begcizelela ukuthi inguquko kazwelonke yentando yeningi izosebenzisa izinyathelo zomnotho ezedlula kakhulu umbuso wentando yeningi ngakho ke bakhe uhlaka oluvumayo lwentuthuko ushintsho lwezenhlalo yabantu kepha ngeke ngokwazo zidale noma ziholele kubusoshiyali ngo wabhala ukuthi ngabe i socialism ihlulekile evume ubuthakathaka benhlangano yezenhlalo kanye nokweqisa kwestalinism kuyilapho ngasikhathi sinye izama ngakwesobunxele ukuziqhelelanisa nobusoshiyali uslovo waphikelela ekutheni abe nokuzethemba okufaneleko ngekusasa lobusoshiyali kanye nokuphakama kwayo kokuziphatha futhi ekhomba ukwehluleka kongxowankulu yize manje enqaba imodeli yombuso weqembu elilodwa ngo wabuyela ezweni ukuzobamba iqhaza ezingxoxweni zokuqala zezingxoxo ngezinkulumo phakathi kukahulumeni ne anc egula wema phansi njengonobhala jikelele we sacp ngonyaka ka futhi wanikeza isikhundla sokuba ngusihlalo we sacp islovo yathathelwa indawo nguchris hani owabulawa ngemuva kweminyaka emibili ngumnqobi wamalungelo amhlophe islovo ibiyisidalwa eside idemoni emphakathini wabamhlophe baseningizimu afrika ivezwe kabi njengesikoloni se kgb noma i ejenti eyimfihlo yaserussia futhi yaheha isithangami sabezindaba ngemuva kokubuya kwayo ngo islovo yathola omkhulu umehluko ezingxoxweni zokuqeda ubandlululo eningizimu afrika ngokwethula imigatshana yelanga eyakhiwa ubuholi be anc sacp uhulumeni wobumbano iminyaka emihlanu kulandela ukhetho lwentando yeningi uqinisekisa izisebenzi zikahulumeni kubandakanya nezasemakhaya namabutho ahlomile nenqubo yokuxolelwa lokhu kuhloselwe ukususa ekuhlanganiseni kwephiko lasesandleni sokudla kanye nokwenza amandla kodwa ke islovo yenqabile ngokuqondile noma ikuphi ukuyekethisa ekubuseni kweningi labantu futhi noma yisiphi isivumelwano esithi ngokomthethosisekelo sivimbele unomphela uhulumeni omusha ukuthi angenelele ngempumelelo ukuze aqhubekisele phambili inqubo yokulungisa ukungalingani okuqoqiwe kwezinhlanga kuyo yonke imikhakha yempilo ngemuva kokhetho lwango uslovo waba ngungqongqoshe wezindlu kuhulumeni kanelson mandela waze washona ngo ngenxa yomdlavuza umngcwabo wakhe ubuhanjelwe yiwo wonke umthetho ophakeme we anc futhi yizikhulu eziningi eziphakeme ezweni ezibandakanya bobabili unelson mandela nothabo mbeki futhi wangcwatshwa e avalon cemetery esoweto engazwakali ngomuntu waseningizimu afrika omhlophe abantu abangama iningi labansundu bebehambele umcimbi ngo islovo yavotelwa ngama kumatop great south africa zasemijondolo ezakhiwe emhlabeni nomsebenzi kokubili ethekwini futhi cape town zethiwa ejoe slovo by abasunguli yabo iharrow road esegoli kanye nestreet street edurban central baqanjwe kabusha ngokuthi yijoe slovo drive nakujoe slovo street ngokulandelana isakhiwo esisanda kwakhiwa serever residence erhode university egrahamstown south africa siqanjwe ngegama elithi joe slovo ukuhlonipha lo mlisa icongress of south african trade unions umfelandawonye wezinyunyana omkhulu kunayo yonke eningizimu afrika kanye nobumbano lwe anc ne sacp isiza ekuhleleni ingqungquthela yonyaka yejoe slovo memorial futhi imvamisa ikhiphe isitatimende ngosuku lokuzalwa kwakhe islovo yayihlonishwa kakhulu emazweni aseningizimu ne afrika ihola umagazini wasezimbabwe iningizimu afrika yezepolitiki nezomnotho njalo ngenyanga iphethe udaba olukhethekile ngokufa kwakhe futhi ichaza islovo endaweni yokugcotshwa njenge qhawe lomzabalazo wenkululeko kanye nelizwe lase afrika eligxile ngokuphelele emzabalazweni inkululeko emnyama ujoe slovo ubonakala njengomlingisi emafilimini amabili ushawn slovo abhale ngawo i screenplay ku movie eyawina umklomelo we i a world mbali uboniswa gus roth odlalwa ngujeroben krabb udlalelwa ngumalcolm purkey kwifilimu ka ethi catch a fire ingoma eyayimdumisa yabhalwa umlobi wengoma wasescotland udavid heavenor futhi yavela ngonyaka ka kwi albhamu ethi private the night izivakashi u edwin cameron wazalwa ngo kufebhuwari epitoli wayengumahluleli ijaji enkantolo yomthethosisekelo waseningizimu afrika waziwa kakhulu ngezimalungelo abantu abane hiv aids kanye nokuba yisishoshovu maqondana namalungelo alabo abathandana ngobulili obufanayo gay rights wanconywa ngunelson mandela ngokuthi njengomunye wamaqhawe amasha aseningizimu afrika ucameron wazalelwa epitoli uyise waboshelwa ukweba izimoto kanti unina wayengenazo izindlela zokumondla ngakho ke waphila isikhathi sakhe esiningi ebuntwaneni ekhaya lezintandane equeenstown udadewabo omdala wabulawa lapho ucameron eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye ucameron wazuza umfundaze wokuya epretoria boys high school ukungesinye sezikole ezihamba phambili ezweni laseningizimu afrika futhi waba ngumfundi ophumelela ngamalengiso nokhaliphile esikoleni ngemuva kwalokho waya estellenbosch university lapho afunda khona isilatini kanye nama classics lapha wayehlala ewilgenhof mens residence ngemuva kwalokhu waya e oxford university njengemfundi we rhodes scholar lapho washintshela ukufundela umthetho futhi wathola isiqu se i ba kwi jurisprudence kanye nebachelor of civil law wawina ivinerian scholarship ngesikhathi ebuyela eningizimu afrika waphothula i llb e university of south africa futhi waba ngumfundi ophezulu kwiziqu zomthetho umsebenzi wokuqala kacameron wahlanganisa ukusebenza eyunivesithi i academia kanye nokusebenza ngezomthetho ngo ngenkathi esebenza njengomfundisi wezinga eliphezulu e university of witwatersrand wabhala ukugxeka okukhulu kwejaji elikhulu u lc steyn owayeyintandokazi embusweni wobandlululo futhi ngo ucameron waveza ukuthi amajaji amathathu aphezulu aseningizimu afrika kubandakanya nalowo owayeyijaji eliphezulu upierre rabie kufanele bashiye ezikhundleni ukuze kugcineke isithunzi sezinkantolo zomthetho ucameron wasebenza ejohannesburg bar ukusuka ngonyaka ka ukuya ku ukusukela ngo ubengummeli wamalungelo abantu ewits lapho ngo wanikezwa isikhundla sokuba nguprofesa kwezomthetho ukusebenza kukacameron kwezomthetho kwakubandakanya umthetho wezabasebenzi nomthetho wezokuqashwa ukuvikela amalunga abalweli be african national congress ababebhekene namacala lokuvukela umbuso kanye nokuvikela labo ababangafuni ukungenela ubusosha bombuso wobandlululo ngenxa yonembeza lwabo noma izinkolo zabo ababaziwa njengama conscientious and religious objectors kanti futhi wayevikela namalungelo okuvikeleka kwezomhlaba kanye nalabo ababesuswa ezindaweni zabo ngendluzula ngenxa yenqubo yombuso wobandlululo ukuvikela amalungelo abathandana ngezobulili obufanayo bama gay nama lesbian ngo waba umbhali ngokubambisana notony honor omunye wabaqeqeshi bakhe e oxford bebhala nge honor s south african law of trusts ucameron wanikezwa isikhundla sokuba yigqwetha eliphezulu i silk ngonyaka ka ngo okthoba umongameli unelson mandela waqoka ucameron njengejaji lebambela lenkantolo ephakeme ukuba ngusihlalo wekhomishini ephenya ngokuthengiswa kwezikhali okungekho emthethweni ngabe armscor eyayisebenza njengabathengisi be sandf ithengisela iyemen umbiko kacameron wachazwa njengokugxeka okukhulu ngokuziphatha kwe armscor kodwa lokhu akuvelanga kakhulu ngoba kwabuye kwavela yihlazo lombuso waseningizimu afrika wokuthenga izikhali ngokungekho emthethweni emthethweni ucameron waqokwa unomphela kwiwitwatersrand local division ngo isahlulelo sakhe esaziwa kakhulu kulomkhakha yileso sika holomisa v argus newspaper ltd lapho ubantu holomisa waletha icala lokwehliswa isithundzi okwaziwa njenge defamation lapho ayemangelele khona i the star ngokumbhaceka ngodaba lokuthi nguye owayevumele ababulali bama hit squad be azanian liberation army njengababulali bama hit squad ababehlose ukubulala abelungu isinqumo sikacameron sachazwa njengesijule kakhulu somthethosisekelo kwezezimpikiswano zangasese kanye nokuvikelwa kwenkulumo ngokukhululeka abanye ngisho noma babevumelana nesinqumo sakhe sobehluleli ukuthi sasibonisa ukuhlukana nenqubo yesikhathi sobandlululo kwakumele isinqumo sakhe ukuba siqhubekele phambili ukuvikela abalobi bezintatheli zezindaba isikhundla sikacameron saqinisekiswa kakhulu ngamacala alandelayo yinkantolo ephakeme yama aphili ngo cameron wanikezwa isikhundla sokuba yibambela enkantolo yomthethosisekelo kanti kulesi sikhathi wakhipha izehlulelo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwicala le pharmaceutical manufacturers vs grootboom futhi wabhala nesahlulelo kwezecala lomthethosivivinywa wezotshwala maqondana namandla omthetho wesifundazwe kwakungokokuqala ukuthi kube necala elishajiswe enkantolo yomthetho sisekelo lihanjiswa ngumongameli waseningizimu afrika ngaphansi kwesigaba somthethosisekelo i judicial service commission yayincome ukuthi ucameron aqokwe unomphela kepha usandile ngcobo waqokwa esikhundleni sakhe ngenxa yokuncenga kukathabo mbeki owabe eyiphini likamongameli owabona ukuthi kungcono kulesi sikhundla kuqokwe umuntu omnyama ucameron wavumelana nalesi sinqumo wathi akangabazi ukuthi lesi kwakuyisinqumo esifanele ucameron waqokelwa esikhundleni senkantolo ephakeme yama aphili ngasikhathi sinye nomahomed navsa norobert nugent asebenza kuso iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili lapho wabhala izinqumo ezihola phambili zezimbangela kwezomthetho okwaziwa nge legal causation ubufakazi benzwabethi izinkontraki zabantu necala lokwedelela inkantolo kwi minister of finance v gore ucameron wabhala ngokuhlanganyela isinqumo nofritz brand sokuthi umbuso ubonwe icala lobudengu okwaziwa njenge okwaziwa ngele pure economic loss ngokubangela ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho ngenxya yenkwabaniso okubizwa nge fraud ngomhla ka disemba umongameli ukgalema motlanthe waqoka ucameron enkantolo yomthethosisekelo ukuqala ukusebenza khona ukusukela ngomhla ka januwari uthathwa njengelungu elibalulekile lomqondo obonelela phambili okwaziwa njenge progressive lophiko lwenkantolo uchazwe njengomuntu osezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu kwezomthetho onomqondo okhaliphe kakhulu kwezomthetho kanti futhi osezingeni lakhe yedwa kwisizukulwane samajaji angozakwabo isinqumo sikacameron seglenister v president asibhala ngokubambisana kuso nephini u deputy chief justice udikgang moseneke lesi sinqumo sasusa izichibiyelo zomthetho wezobushushisi bukazwelonke i national prosecuting act kanye nomthetho wezamaphoyisa i south african police service act ngenxa yokuthi zazihlulekile ukudala uphiko oluzimele lokulwa nenkohlakalo corruption oluzimele ngokwanele lokhu kwanconywa njengesinqumo esihlabahlosile nesijulile kanye nesinqumo esiqhakazile ngabaphawuli bezomthetho futhi kwakusho ukuthi iningizimu afrika kumele ibe ne ejensi ezimele yokulwa nenkohlakalo kwezezimali ngisho noma abenhlangano ye anc babethathe isinqumo sokuhlakaza ama scorpions okunye futhi okwaziwa kakhulu ngezinqumo zezahlulelo zikacameron okuqondene nomthetho wokuhlambalaza okwaziwa njenge defamation kanye nenkulumo ngokukhululeka okwaziwa njenge free speech ucameron uthathe umhlalaphansi ngomhla ka agasti okuwunyaka wama selokhu aqokwa ukuba sesikhundleni sobjaji ucameron ubelokhu engumuntu wenqubo yokuthandana ngokobulili obufanayo futhi lokhu ekuveza obala engakufihlile ukusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama ngemuva kwalokho wangamela ukubhalwa komthethosisekelo waseningizimu afrika owawubonelela amalungelo abantu abathandana ngokobulili obufanayo futhi waba nesandla ekuqikeleleni ukuqedwa kobandlululo ngenxa yenqubo yezokuthandana ngokobulili obufanayo ngokocansi ungomunye wabantu abangu abasayinela imigomo ye yogyakarta principles ubuye futhi waba yilungu labasunguli be society for homesexuality on campus inhlangano yabafundi e university of the witwatersrand kamuva eyaziwa ngokuthi yi activate wits ngo kwenziwa ushicilelo lwe defiant desire gay and lesbian lives in south africa okwakuwumgubho wezimpilo zamadoda nabesifazana abathandana ngokobulili obofanayo eningizimu afrika ucameron kulokhu wahlanganyela nomark gevisser kushicilelo ukusukela ngonyaka ka ucameron weluleka abenyunyane ye national union of mine workers nge hiv aids kanye nokulekelela ukubhala kanye nokuxoxisana nabemboni ngokwenza isivumelwano esijulile maqondana ne aids kanye nabe chamber of mines ngesikhathi esasebenza e centre for applied legal studies wabhala i charter of rights on ai and hiv kanti futhi ngokusebenzisana nabanye wasungula i aids consortium okuyinhlangano ye affiliate non governmental organisations working on aids kanti futhi waba ngusihlalo wayo eminyakeni yokuqala emithathu wasungula nenhlangano ye aids law project ucameron ngokwakhe wangenwa yi hiv ngeminyaka yoma futhi wagula kakhulu eguliswa yi aids ngesikhathi esebenze njengejaji umholo wakhe ophezulu wenza ukuthi akwazi ukuthola imithi yama anti retroviral eyasindisa impilo yakhe ucameron wabona ukuthi ukwaze ukusindisa impilo yakhe ngoba enemali yokwazi ukuthenga imithi lokhu kwameza ukuthi abe yisikhuthali kakhulu kumkhankaso we hiv aids eningizimu afrika entsha yangemuva kombuso wobandlululo lapha agqugquzela khona uhulumeni ukuthi ahlinzeke ngemithi yokwelapha kubo bonke abantu wagxeka kakhulu umongameli uthabo mbeki ngokuphikisa udaba lwembangela ye aids ucameron waba ngowokuqala kanti futhi uselokhu eyedwa oyisikhulu esiphezulu esadalula kubantu ukuthi uphile ne hiv aids incwadi yakhe yokuqala eyawina umklomelo esihloko esithi witness to aids imaqondana nomzabalazo wokulwa nesifo ishicilelwe eningizimu afrika e uk nase us kanti itolikwe nangesijalimane nesishayina imiklomelo kacameron ibandakanya umklomelo we nelson mandela award for health and human rights umklomelo we stellenbosh university alumnus award transnet hiv aids champion award kanye ne san francisco aids foundation excellence in leadership award ngo wasebenza njengomunye wamajaji kwi red ribbon award kwi partnership ye unaids family ongomunye wabawina ngo umklomelo we brudner prize yase yale university enikezwa njalo ngonyaka kuzifundiswa eziphezulu noma izikhuthali zezinga eliphezulu imisebenzi yabo efake kakhulu esivifaneni ekuqondisiseni ngezinto eziphathelene nama lgbt kanye nokuthi abantu bama lgbt bangabandlululwa ngo abe bar of engliand and wales bamhlonipha ngomklomelo special award ngokuthela kwakhe esivivaneni ezintweni eziphathelene nenqubo yomthetho kanye namalungelo obuntu ongomunye wezikhulu ze honarary fellow kwabe institute of advanced legal studies london nase keble college oxford kanti futhi waba ngomunye wabafundisi bokuvakasha abaphezulu i visiting fellow of all souls college e oxford ngonyaka ka epphenyisisa ngezindo eziphathelene nobubhalwe lwesifo se aids ecwaninga maqondana nalabo ababephikisa ukuthi isifo se aids sikhona nokuba wububhane ngalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi denialist stance esasisekelwa ngumongameli waseningizimu afrika umbeki ngo ucameron waqokwa ukuba ngu honarary master of the bench ye honourable society of the middle temple unesiqu zokuhlonishwa ngobudokotela ezinhlanu ukufikela kunyaka ka ucameron wabe engunobhala jikelele we rhodes scholarship eningizimu ne afrika kanti futhi uyi patron ye oxford univesity commonewealth law journal phakathi kweminyaka ka no ucameron wabe engusihlalo we council ye univesity of the witwatersrand ungu patron we guild cottage children s home esoweto hiv aids counselor s association and community aids response ukusukela ngo uzobe engushansela we stellenbosch university indima ebalulekile kacameron empini yokulwela ukufinyelela imithi yama antiretroviral e afrika nakwezinye izingxenye zaseningizimu yomhlaba ibonakala emibhalweni ye documentary eyawina umklomelo ye fire in the blood telecel group yinkampani yezokuxhumana ngakwamanye amazwe ekhona emazweni angama isebenza ikakhulukazi e afrika ngokuthuthuka kanye nokutholwa kwabahlinzeki kanye nabanikezeli bezinsizakalo kubaqhubi beselula telecel bangabanikezeli bezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi zomhlaba jikelele ze voice idatha i sms ne iptv telecel global yasungulwa ngo njenge exxon telecom ngesikhathi sesports world congress ebibanjelwe ebarazil spain nfs kanye netelecel global bamemezele isivumelwano sabo sokuhlanganisa telecel unesipiliyoni eside isikhathi eside ekuphatheni amasango e international voice ne sms abasebenza ngaphezu kweselula abasebenza kakhulu e afrika le nkampani inikezela ngezinsizakalo eziphelele zokuxhumana ngocingo kwabasebenza ngeselula network operators i public turnched ucingo networks pstn i otts kanye ne wholesale carriers ukuxhumana okungaphezulu kwama komhlaba hugues mulliez ungusihlalo weqembu kanti mohamad damush uyisikhulu esiphezulu se group kwa telecel group telecel ngumbenzi we mvno ne mvne esouth africa bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ze g g g ne wimax telecel play iyisitolo esisodwa se mobile application enikezela ngezinsizakalo eziningi kubandakanya kepha azikhawulelwe i rcs i vod ne e m commerce yonke esebenzisa isici esisodwa sokungena ngemvume telecel global yizwi lomhlaba wonke idatha kanye nomhlinzeki wesevisi we sms telecel global yasungulwa ngonyaka we ngokuhlangana kwenfs inkampani ebambe itelecel nokuthi kwakunjani exxon telecom telecel group yethule i africa startup initiative programme asip eworld congress ebarcelona espain i asip uhlelo lokuqalisa ukusheshisa lwe csr okuhlose ngalo ukufaka isandla ngendlela enengqondo kwi afrika continental ngokweseka iziqalo ezisencane ezinemibono emisha edala umehluko emiphakathini yazo lolu hlelo luveza iziqalo kuzinhlangano zamazwe omhlaba ukuvala ulwazi kanye nokuzivumela ukuthi zikhange abalingani abangangeza inani ezinhlelweni zabo zokuqala esithangamini esikumwc itelecel group iveze ukuthi isikhwama semali esiyizigidi ezingama ukukhulisa umnikelo wabasebenzi beselula ekuxhaseni amabhizinisi endawo telecel car iyisikhungo esisebenza ngocingo esisecentral african republic kusukela ngonyaka we siyisikhungo esidala kunazo zonke nesokuqala esisebenza ezweni lonke ngenani lamakhasimende i telecel group ithenge i gibralatar based mobile network opharetha mno limba ngomeyi limba uhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezinqunyelwe egibraltar futhi ungowesibili opharetha ku mobile endaweni g g g amalayisense ukutholwa kuyingxenye yecebo lokwakha isikhungo samazwe onke ukwenza amabhizinisi ase afrika afinyelele futhi kunwetshwe indawo yawo i lansium parasiticum eyaziwa kakhulu ngesingisi ngokuthi i langsat lst noma i lanzones iyisihlahla somuthi emndenini wakwamahogany ngezithelo ezidliwayo ezidayiswayo uhlobo luhlobo lwendabuko esoutheast asia lesi sihlahla silinganiswa ngokulingana sifinyelela kumamitha angama ft ukuphakama namasentimitha angama in ubukhulu izihlahla zembewu ezineminyaka engama ubudala ezitshalwe ku x metres spiding zingaba nokuphakama kwamamitha ayi ububanzi nobubanzi obungama cm isiqu sikhula ngendlela engahambisani nezimpande zazo ze buttress zikhombisa ngenhla komhlaba amagxolo esihlahla siwumbala obomvana onamabala akhanyayo namnyama i resin yayo iminyene futhi inombala obisini amaqabunga acwebezelwe kahle ayabalwa anezinwele ezacile nama kuya ku e buds ngezikhathi ezithile ama buds ayinde futhi ayi elliptical cishe amasentimitha ayi kuya kwayi kuya ku in ngamasentimitha ayi kuye kwayi kuye ku in ngosayizi unqenqema olungaphezulu luyakhanya futhi amaqabunga ngokwawo anezisekelo nezikhombisi ezibekiwe iziqu zama buds zikala amamitha ayi kuye kwayi kuya ku ku izimbali zitholakala kuma inflorescence akhula futhi alengiswa kusuka kumagatsha amakhulu noma isiqu amalulwane angafika aze afike ku endaweni eyodwa zivame ukuhlwanyelwa ezisekelweni zazo zilinganise amasentimitha ayi kuye kwangama kuye ku in ngosayizi futhi zibe noboya obufushane izimbali zincanyana ezineziqu ezimfishane futhi zinezitha ezimbili i sheathe ibunjiwe njengendebe ebanzi emihlanu futhi inombala ophuzi ophuzi i corona imile okweqanda futhi inzima ingamamitha ayi kuye kwayi kuya ku in ngamamilitha ayi kuye kwayi kuye ku in kukhona stamen eyodwa elinganisa amamitha ayi in ubude ingaphezulu lamandla liyindilinga i pistil imfushane futhi iminyene izombusazwe ezepolitiki ewestern cape ziyisixakaxaka kakhulu kuneziningi izifundazwe zaseningizimu afrika ngoba kazifani nezinye izifundazwe lapho khona i african national congress anc engabusi khona nokuba nesimo sokwengamela ezepolitiki okhethweni luka alikho iqembu elathola iningi lamavoti kwisifundazwe kwiprovinsi kwathi i anc yathola amavoti angama kodwa ke i anc yayibambisene nenew national national party nnp eyayinamavoti ayi lokhu okwenza ukuthi i anc nnp zibumbe uhulumeni wobambiswano ukwakha uhulumeni wesifundazwe ngesikhathi sokuwela kwamalunga epolitiki kwamanye amaqembu ngo onke amalungu e nnp ephalamende lesifundazwe awelela ku anc lokhu okwanikeza i anc iningi lamalunga esifundazweni kwiprovinsi i anc yakhetha u ebrahim rasool njengondunankulu ngonyaka ka isikhundla sakhe sathathwa ngulynne brown umholi we anc esifundazweni kwakungumcebisi skwatsha iqembu eliphikisano entshonalanga kapa ngemuva kokhetho lwango kwaba yidemocratic alliance da eyathola amavoti angama okhethweni lwesifundazwe idolobhakazi lasecape town okungumasipala onabantu abaningi esifundazweni wawubuswa ngamaqembu ngokuhlanganyela ayeholwa yi da ngemuva kokhetho lomasipala lwango i da yanyusa isabelo sayo samavoti okhethweni lomasipala lwango ukufinyelela kuma lokhu okwanikeza ida iningi lamavoti futhi lokhu kwavumela ukuthi ida ibuse umkhandlu wasecape town ngaphandle kwalabo eyayibambisene nabo ngaphambili kububusi obuhlanganyelwe okhethweni lomhlaka ephreli i anc yagudlulwa esikhundleni igudlulwa yi da eyathatha amavoti angama lolu khetho lwaba ngolokuqala ngqa selokhu kwaphela ubandlululo lapho iqembu lathola amavoti eningi kwisifundazwe umholi we da uhelen zille wathatha isikhundla sikalynne brown njengondunankulu ngomhlaka meyi ngokhetho lwangomhlaka meyi ida yaqhubeka nokuthola amavoti amaningi esifundazweni yenyusa iningi lamavoti ayo laya ku iqembu amavoti amaphesenti izihlalo abantu abamnyama baseningizimu afrika begukhona izikhathi babizwa ngokomthetho ngokuthi bantu ngombuso wobandlululo igama elithi bantu lisuselwa egameni elithi abantu elivamile ezilimini eziningi zabantu i oxford dictionary of south african english ichaza ngokusetshenziswa kwayo kwanamuhla esimweni sobuhlanga ngokuthi ubudala futhi enyantisayo ngenxa yokuhlangana kwayo okuqinile nomthetho wokuqotshwa kwabamhlophe kanye nohlelo lobandlululo kodwa ke ubantu usetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuxhunyaniswa ngokuhlangana kwezinye izingxenye ze afrika futhi usasetshenziswa ngokufanele eningizimu afrika ukubiza njengegama lezilimi abantu abamnyama baseningizimu afrika abalukhulumayo kunokuba kusetshenziswe kulo igama noma ukubizwa kwalaba bantu umlando ophathelene abantu bomdabu baseningizimu afrika phambilini uthinteke kakhulu ekusakazweni ngamabomu kanye nemizamo yokufaka ngempumelelo izindaba ezingezona iqiniso ngokulandela okusekelwe kwizinhloso zokucwasana isib izinganekwane ezamanga zomhlaba ongenalutho nezindlela zokulondolozwa ohlangothini lwabantu bomdabu baseningizimu afrika kufaka phakathi amaqembu amakhoisan azikwazanga ukuvikela ngempumelelo ngokumelene nokukhohlisa ngalezo zikhathi ezedlule ukutholakala kokuqala okuhlobene nezikhulumi zolimi lesibantu imisebenzi ehlobene nabo esifundeni saseningizimu afrika izwekazi kusuka kumasayithi amathathu acwaningiwe anezinto zakudala kusukela ngekhulu lesi kuya kwele leminyaka bce kungekazalwa ujesu ngokuningiliziwe ngo kuya ku bce lapho kuhlanganiswa izingosi ezintathu ezakhiwe ngokulinganisa ezisendaweni eseningizimu kakhulu yalokho manje esemozambiki ziqanjwe amagama athi yizitundo university campus nechangalane ii kumasayithi atholakale eningizimu afrika endala kunawonke atholakele ibizwa amahlamvu esiliva ngesingisi silver leaves ce sekuzalwe ujesu ukuphamba kwama afrika abomdabu baseningizimu afrika kuphawuleka kakhulu ngokusatshalaliswa kwamaqembu ezilimi ezimbili amanguni amaxhosa amazulu amandebele namaswazi ngokomlando ayehlala emathafeni asogwini olusempumalanga kanye nosuthu tswana obehlala ithafa elingaphakathi lamaqembu amabili ezilimi ahlukane futhi ahlukahluke ezicini ezithile ezibalulekile ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zemisindo ukwahlukahluka okunjalo nakho kuziveza kulo lonke uhlobo lwezilimi zabantu baseningizimu afrika ngenkathi amatilosi aseportugal wokuqala cf vasco da gama nobartholomew dias bezungeza icape of good hope ngekhulu le ce kutholakala izikhulumi ezimbalwa zebantu lapho izakhamuzi zomdabu eziseduze nasecape zazakhiwe ngamaqembu amakhoisan abedlula zonke ngemuva kokusungulwa kwedutch cape colony izifiki zaseyurophu zaqala ukufika esouthern africa ngamanani amakhulu cishe ngonyaka we amatrechboers aqhamuka ecape ahlangana nezikhulumi zabantu basebantu azungeze umfula i great fish futhi kwaqubuka izingxabano phakathi kwalawa maqembu womabili kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le bekukhona izindawo ezimbili ezinkulu zokuxhumana ngokuxhamazela phakathi kwabahlali abamhlophe kanye nezikhulumi zebantu eningizimu afrika okokuqala njengoba amabhunu ayehamba enyakatho nezwe esuka ekapa ahlangana namaxhosa amasuthu kanye namatswana okwesibili imizamo ezindaweni zokuhlala ezisogwini ezinkulu yenziwa ngabasebrithani endaweni yamaxhosa manje eyi eastern cape nakwazulu manje eyikwazulu natali kuze kube muva nje emiphakathini ekhuluma isibantu zazivame zihlukaniswe kokwamaqembu ahlukene hhayi ngokwazwelonke nemifelandawonye kodwa ngokwamaqembu azimele ubukhulu babo kulinganiswe amakhulu kuze kufikelele nakuzinkulungwane zabantu esincane kwezakhiwo sepolitiki yenhlangano kwaba indlu noma isibaya sezindlu ehlanganisa indoda owesifazane noma abesifazane nezingane zabo kanye nezinye izihlobo ezihlala ndlininye indoda le beyiyinhloko yendlu futhi ivamise ukuba nabafazi abaningi futhi wayengummeleli oyinhloko womndeni umndeni nobudlelwano obusondelene nabo ngokuvamile babufeza indima ebalulekile imizi ebihlala esigodini esisodwa noma egqumeni elifanayo esigodini nayo ibiyinhlangano yenhlangano ephethwe yinkosana ubukhosi kakhulu benziwa amafa kodwa amakhosi angasebenzi ayevame ukususwa emakhayeni amaningi indodana endala yazuza ngefa isikhundla sikayise kweminye imindeni ihhovisi lashiyelwa umfowakhe omkhulu wenkosi eshonile kuthiwe ngemuva kokushona kwenkosi futhi inkosi kuba umfowayo omdala lokhu kuphindwe kuze kushone umfowabo wokugcina ngokulandelayo yindodana endala yesikhulu sokuqala bese kuba ngumdala kunabo bonke babazalwane njengomholi induna yayizungezwe inqwaba yabangane noma abeluleki ababethembekile imvamisa izihlobo ezinjengezelamani nabafobayo kunokuba zinhloko ezinamandla noma abangane izinga lentando yeningi lalincike emandleni enduna isikhulu esasinamandla futhi sinamandla amakhulu ithonya elincane labantu baso yize umholi wayenamandla amaningi wayengekho ngaphezu komthetho angagxekwa bobabili ngabeluleki nangabantu bakhe futhi kungafunwa isinxephezelo abantu bahlukaniswa ngamaqembu noma izizwe ezahlukahlukene ezazinemisebenzi yazo imithetho nezilimi zazo imiphakathi ekhuluma isibantu yaseningizimu afrika cishe oluthathwa zibe izigaba ezine eziyinhloko isinguni isisuthu tswana isivenda futhi nesishangana tsonga lokhu kuhlukaniswe ngokulandelayo loluhlu alupheli okufanayo phakathi kwezihlugile izigaba ezimbili ezinamandla amanguni namasuthu tswana kumiphakathi ezimele kuphatha abesilisa lapho abaholi babakha izinhlaka zezepolitiki zenhlalo ngokufanayo ukutholwa kokudla kwakungukulima nangokuzingela umehluko obaluleke kakhulu yizilimi eziphambuka ngokuqinile yize zombili ziyizilimi zaseningizimu bantu kanye nezinhlobo zokuhlala nobudlelwano obuhlukile ezindaweni zokuhlala amanguni asakazeke kabanzi kanti amasuthu tswana ayehlala emadolobheni ngokwesiko izikhulumi zebantu zazingacabangi ngokwesifunda njengabantu baseyurophu kodwa kunalokho bebahlobana ngobuqembu uma nje umhlaba wawanele babenemibono engacacile kakhulu yemingcele imingcele kwakuyizinto zemvelo ezinjengemifula noma izintaba ezazingakhiwa ngandlela thile ukutholwa kwabo kokudla kwakumiselwe umkhawulo kwezolimo nasekuzingeleni imvamisa abesifazane babephethe ezolimo kanti abesilisa babedonsa ukuzingela ngaphandle nje kwamatsonga futhi ngokwengxenye amampondo ukudoba kwakungabalulekanga kangako ukudla kwakuqukethe ummbila owethulwa ovela eningizimu yasempumalanga eshiya inyama ikakhulukazi umdlalo wasendle izingulube nenyama yenkomo imifino ubisi amanzi nobhiya wokusanhlamvu kwakunenqwaba yemithetho mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwenyama akukho nyama yezinja imiphimbo izingwenya noma izinyoka ebingadliwa kanjalo nomthetho wokungadli inyama yezinyoni ezithile njengezikhova amakhowe nezidleke kanye nenyama yezilwane ezimele amaqembu ezithile yonke imiphakathi ekhuluma isibantu yayivame ukwahlukana okucacile phakathi kwemisebenzi yabesifazane neyabesilisa ngokwesiko imiphakathi ihlala ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ezahlukene zezindlu amanguni asebenzisa indlu yezinyosi eyisakhiwo esiyindilinga ngaphandle kwezigxobo ezinde embozwe ngotshani izihlakala zosuthu tswana isivenda neshabangana tsonga zisebenzisa izinhlobo zezindlu zesigaqa kwakhiwa udonga lwama cylindrical ngaphandle kwezikhala eziqondile eziboshwe ngodaka nangobulongwe bezinkomo uphahla lwakhiwe kusuka kwizingongolo eziboshwe ndawonye iphansi lezi zinhlobo zombili licindezelwe umhlaba amanda benedicta antony owazalwa zingama kuntulikazi odume ngegama lesiteji sakhe amanda black ungumlobi wengoma waseningizimu afrika kanye nomculi wokuqopha owathola ukuqashelwa ngonyaka ka kulandela ukukhishwa kwakhe eyodwa ethi amazulu eyaphakanyiswa kaningana imiklomelo yomculo i albhamu yakhe yokuqala yesonto uamazulu yaqinisekiswa iplatinamu emasontweni amathathu ngemuva kokukhishwa kwayo ngokusemthethweni amanda benedicta antony is xhosa she was born on july in mthatha eastern cape south africa and grew up in butterworth eastern cape where she spent most of her early life the songstress later moved to port elizabeth where she completed her high school studies at kabega christian school port elizabeth before she proceeded to further her education at nelson mandela metropolitan university where she studied music education waqala ukucula esemncane esontweni nasesikoleni waze wafika eneminyaka eyi lapho eqala ukuncintisana ekuzingeleni ithalente okwamveza ukuthi usezingeni eliphezulu uke wabamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni ezintathu ze idols south africa kodwa waba yintandokazi yabalandeli kwi season yombukiso wamathalente lapho enza khona waba seqophelweni ngokubheka umsebenzi wakhe wezomculo wathuthela egoli ngojanuwari lapho wasondela ku ambitiouz entertainment emnikeza inkontileka yokuqopha ngomhlaka kujulayi wakhipha incwadi yakhe yokuqala eyodwa enesihloko esithi amazulu iculo elalivela ku albhamu yakhe ye studio yakhe eyaziwa ngokuthi yi amazulu ingoma ithole ukubukwa okungaphezulu kwezigidi ezine ku youtube ngomhlaka novemba ukhiphe i albhamu yakhe ebeyilindelwe kudala i amazulu ngokusebenzisa i ambitiouz entertainment ukuphumelela kwezentengiso nokubukeza okuhle okubalulekile kungakapheli nenyanga ngemuva kokukhishwa kwayo i albhamu ithengise amakhophi angaphezu kwama okuholele ekutheni irekhoda yezimboni yaseningizimu afrika iqinisekise iplatinamu yayo iphinde yathola ukuqokwa kwayo ngezigaba ezinhlanu kuhlelo lwe lamametro fm music awards nakuma south african music awards ngalinye ubuye futhi waqokelwa kwi viewers choice best international act ku edition yama bet awards ngomhlaka kujulayi ukhiphe u kahle naye obuye abe yizwe lonke ethola ukudlala kweziteshi zomsakazo wasekhaya nokubukwa okungaphezulu kwesigidi ku youtube u anthony hamilton umemezele ngodisemba ukuthi yena nozimnyama bayasebenzisana emculweni ndawonye ingoma ngokwayo isizodedelwa kepha ngojanuwari ka u amanda umemezele ukuthi usayine nesony music entertainment ngemuva kwesikhathi uzokhipha i single thandwa ndim yakhe okwakungukukhishwa kwakhe kokuqala eminyakeni emibili ingoma ekhonjwe kwidrive breakfast show yemetro fm nodj fresh nosomizi mhlongo futhi yafika ku amanda black unezinkulumo ezipholile kodwa ezinamandla ze soprano uqale ukucula esemncane esontweni wabe eseqhubeka nokuhlabelela abaculi abathandayo okubalwa kubo ubeyonc uwhitney houston ubrandy norwood ubrenda fassie nabanye abaningi uhlabelela ngolimi lwakhe lwesixhosa nangesingisi engxoxweni nopatience bambalele wethe sowetan uchaza uhlobo lomculo wakhe njenge afro soul ehambisana nokuhlangana kwe hip hop kanye nenhliziyo enesigqi kanye nesigqi kanye namabhomu ngomhlaka meyi lo mculi uvele engxoxweni abe nayo kwisupersport tv show homeground ephethwe nguminnie dlamini nolungile radu sekusele izinyanga ezimbalwa kukhishwe i albhamu yakhe ethi amazulu eceleni kwakhe bekungumkhiqizi wakhe womculo uchrister kthob othi le albhamu idalwe futhi yaphothulwa esikhathini esingaphezu kwenyanga lo mculi uphinde waveza nokuthi iculo esihloko sithi amazulu empeleni kwakuyiculo lokuqala ayeke walibhala ngolimi lwabo isixhosa uamanda black uvame ukuhlobisa ubuso bakhe nostipples wamaxhosa upende wobuso njengendlela yokubonisa ukuthi uyaziqhenya kangakanani ngezimpande zakhe ubuciko besandla lesixhosa umchokozo wesixhosa usetshenziselwa ukumela abantu abangamaxhosa kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphethini adalwa kakhulu ngabesifazane lapho ngisakhula ayenziwa kakhulu ngezikhathi ezikhethekile kepha kwezinye izindawo zasemakhaya isibonelo i eastern cape isibonelo umchokozo kuyinto ejwayelekile eyenziwa nsuku zonke ubuciko besimo sobuso bamaxhosa engibugqoke ebusweni busheshe baba yingxenye yomkhiqizo wami njengo amanda black kodwa kwaqala njengendlela yokuziveza nokwamukela ukuthi ngingubani kubuyisa isiko lami njengowesifazane ongumxhosa futhi ngizizwa ngikuhle ngenkathi ngikwenza kukhulunywa ngami ngendlela engiqonda ngayo isiko lami kuyindlela yokumela izimpande zami nokuthi ngivelaphi ukukhula u amanda akazange ayithande into yokuthi unombala omnyama uthi ngoba i tv igubha isikhumba esikhanyayo futhi ibona sengathi ayisiyisi kahle ngoba isikhumba esimnyama uqale ukufunda ngezimpande zakhe njengowesifazane ongumxhosa umlando wakhe nemvelaphi yakhe ukwenza lokhu kumsize ukuthi aqonde ukuthi ungubani futhi kumsize wazithanda njengowesifazane wase afrika lokhu kube nomthelela esinqumweni sakhe sokuthi aqale ukupenda ubuso bakhe ngobuciko bezizwe indlela abhala ngayo umculo awenzayo nezindaba azilandisayo u amanda waqala ukwamukela ukuthi ungubani ngemuva kokufunda isteve biko s black consciousness isihloko esikhulu uhlu lwemiklomelo nokuphakanyiswa okutholwe u amanda black isihloko esikhulu i amanda black discography amazulu amandla roblox isiteji esikhulu sabadlali abaningi online kanye nesistimu yokudalwa kwemidlalo evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhe imidlalo yabo futhi badlale izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemidlalo ezakhiwe abanye abasebenzisi ipulatifomu ibamba imidlalo eyenziwe ngabasebenzisi kanye nama worlds asemhlabeni ahlanganisa izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo ukusuka emjahweni wendabuko nemidlalo yokudlala indima kuya kwizifundo nezithiyo kusukela ngo agasti roblox inabasebenzisi abasebenza njalo ngenyanga abazizigidi eziyi roblox yiplatifomu yokudalwa kwemidlalo evumela abadlali ukuthi benze imidlalo yabo besebenzisa injini yayo yokuphathelene iroblox studio imidlalo ibhalwe ngaphansi kohlelo lwe object oriented programming esebenzisa ulimi oluhlelayo lwelua ukuphatha imvelo yomdlalo abasebenzisi bayakwazi ukwenza ukudlula kwamageyimu okuqukethwe okungathengwa ngokuthenga ngasikhathi sinye kanye nama microtransaction ngemikhiqizo yonjiniyela onjiniyela kusayithi lokushintshanisa robux bathola kumikhiqizo ehlukahlukene kumageyimu wabo bawenza imali yangempela emhlabeni ngohlelo lokuthuthukisa kanjiniyela iphesenti lemali etholwayo elithengiwe lihlukaniswe phakathi konjiniyela neroblox roblox ivumela abadlali ukuthi bathenge bathengise futhi benze izinto ezingabakhona izingubo zingathengwa yinoma ngubani kepha ngabadlali abanobulungu be premium kuphela abangazithengisa abaphathi bakwaroblox kuphela abangathengisa izesekeli izingxenye zomzimba amagiya namaphakeji ngaphansi kwe akhawunti esemthethweni yeroblox izinto ezinesimo se edition esinqunyelwe zingathengiswa kuphela phakathi noma zithengiswe abasebenzisi abanesimo sobulungu be premium robux yimali ebonakalayo eroblox evumela ukuthi abadlali bathenge izinto ezahlukahlukene roblox ngezikhathi ezithile uphatha impilo yangempela nemicimbi ebonakalayo umcimbi owodwa onjalo yingqungquthela yonjiniyela baphethe imicimbi yokuzingela amaqanda e easter njalo ngonyaka futhi ibisingethe imicimbi efana nebloxcon obekungumhlangano wabadlali bayo yonke iminyaka baphethe imicimbi yokuzingela amaqanda e easter njalo ngonyaka futhi ibisingethwe imicimbi efana nebloxcon obekungumhlangano wabadlali bayo yonke iminyaka minyaka yonke uroblox ubamba ingqungquthela yakhe yabathuthukisi beroblox umcimbi omane wezinsuku ezintathu kuphela esan francisco lapho abenzi bokuqukethwe abaphezulu esizeni befunda ngoshintsho oluzayo epulatifomu uroblox ubuye wabamba imicimbi efanayo elondon nase amsterdam uhlobo lwe beta lweroblox lwadalwa abasunguli bakadavid baszucki no erik cassel ngonyaka we kwasekuqaleni ngaphansi kwegama elithi dynablocks ibaszucki yaqala ukuhlola amademoni okuqala ngalowo nyaka ngo inkampani yashintsha igama layo laba nguroblox uroblox wethule ngokusemthethweni ngosepthemba ngo mashi uroblox wahambisana ne coppa ngokungezwa kwengxoxo ephephile ushintsho olwalunqunyelwe abasebenzisi abangaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi nantathu ekuxhumaneni ngokukhetha imiyalezo echazwe ngaphambilini kwimenyu ngo agasti uroblox wafaka isicelo sokwenza ngcono kweseva futhi wakhipha insiza ye premium yobulungu ebizwa ngokuthi abakhi bekilabhu lesi sici sobulungu esikhokhelwayo sasiba ngosepthemba siphinde sakhiwa njenge roblox premium ngodisemba iroblox yabamba iveki layo lokuqala likahack yilelo elaligqokwe umcimbi waminyaka yonke lapho abathuthukisi beroblox basebenzisana nemibono emisha engaphandle kwebhokisi ngentuthuko entsha ongayethula kule nkampani ngodisemba uroblox wakhipha inguqulo ye ios yesikhulumi somdlalo ngo okthoba uroblox wakhipha uhlelo lwayo lwe developer exchange wavumela abathuthukisi ukuthi bashintshane nge robux ebonakalayo ethathwe kumidlalo yabo bayise kwezimali zomhlaba wangempela ngomeyi kwafakwa isici esibizwa nge smooth terrain sandisa ukuthembeka kwesimo sendawo futhi siguqula injini ye physics kusuka kwisitayela esisetshenziselwe ebhulokini isitayela esisezingeni elifanele futhi elinengqondo ngokwengeziwe ngonovemba kwamenyezelwa iroblox kwixbox one ngokukhethwa okokuqala kwemidlalo engu ekhethwe ngabasebenzi bakwaroblox imidlalo emisha yeroblox yale khonsoli kuzodingeka ukuthi iqhubeke ngenqubo yokuvunywa futhi ingaphansi kwezindinganiso zebhodi yezokujabulisa izilinganiso zesoftware ngo ephreli uroblox wethula iroblox vr ye oculus rift ngesikhathi sokukhishwa imidlalo engaphezu kwezigidi eziyishumi ibitholakala ku d cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo isici sokuxoxa esiphephile sasuswa futhi satshintshwa ngohlelo olususelwe kumhlophe ngesethi yamagama eyamukelekayo yabasebenzisi abangaphansi kweminyaka engu nohlu lwabanye abasebenzisi ngojuni inkampani yethule uhlelo oluhambisana newindows ngenkathi ipulatifomu yomdlalo ibe khona kwe pc kusukela ngo ngenguqulo yayo yewebhu kungokokuqala ukuthi kuthuthukiswe ngesiqalisi esime sodwa esakhelwe iwindows ngesikhathi sengqungquthela yonjiniyela beroblox ka izikhulu zathi abadali epulatifomu yomdlalo abacishe babe yizigidi eziyi bebonke bathole okungenani amarandi ayizigidi ezingama ngonyaka we umthuthukisi uveze imfundo yakhe yeziqu zokuqala eduke university esebenzisa imali evela kwindalo yakhe jailbreak ibingomunye wemidlalo ethandwa kakhulu esizeni iqoqa amashumi ezinkulungwane zabadlali abasendaweni nsuku zonke ekuphakameni kwayo ujailbreak uboniswe emcimbini karoblox s ready player one obususelwa ekukhishweni kwale filimu ngojanuwari ujazwares umenzi wamathoyizi wahlangana neroblox corporation ukukhiqiza ama toy minifigure asuselwa kokuqukethwe okwenziwe ngumsebenzisi okwakhiwa ngabathuthukisi abakhulu epulatifomu amaminifigure anezitho nemichilo efana nalego minifigures amaminifigure nawo anezitho nezesekeli eziguqukayo wonke amasethi afaka ikhodi engasetshenziswa ukukhulula izinto ezibonakalayo kukhona futhi namabhokisi ayizimpumputhe aqukethe ama minifigure angahleliwe futhi anethuba lokuqukatha imfihlakalo uroblox uthole ukuthokozelwa okulandelayo umonson sanelly ozelwe usanelisiwe twisha ungumculi nomdansi waseningizimu afrika uyaziwa ngezinwele zakhe ezinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlobo lomculo azenzele lona obizwa nge future ghetto punk imvelaphi yaseport elizabeth lo mculi uqale ngokungena enkingeni kwezinkondlo nomculo wasethekwini ngaphambi kokufudukela egoli lapho eqhubeke khona nomsebenzi wakhe wokucula umculo wakhe ufinyelele ababukeli ngaphesheya kwemingcele yaseningizimu afrika edlala emicimbini efana nesxsw ehouston etexas naseprimavera sound e barcelona ngo agasti wahamba nohambo lwaseyurophu neqembu laseningizimu afrika le hop hop i die antwoord umculo wakhe ufaka izinto zokulingisa ze elektroniki zokuhlola i afro punk ne edgy pop ngamacebo we kwaito yakhe eqinile i hip hop nesizinda se jazz umonson sanelly wazalelwa eport elizabeth esouth africa uzalelwe emndenini womculo kanti umfowabo wayengumkhiqizi we hip hop umama wakhe wayengumculi wejazz nabadansi bakamzala wakhe wathuthela ethekwini ngo eyofundela imfashini elinea fashion design academy futhi wahlala lapho iminyaka eyisithupha ngo usanelly waqala ukwenza imibukiso edurban university of technology egxile kwezinkondlo nase hip hop yize empeleni engazange azibize ngokuthi imbongi isikhathi eside kuze kube yilapho ebona abantu besabela ubuye wabonakala njalo emcimbini wangempelasonto kugagasi fm obizwa ngezinkondlo neking siso ured bull uthole umculo wakhe esebenzisa i ep ayethulwe kuyo nodj shimza nokuthe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yaba yingxenye ye albhamu yesoul candi ngo usanelly waqanjwa kwi beyonce s the lion king i albhamu yesipho engomeni ethi amandla ami ehamba nobusiswa nonija monneth sanelly ubonakala njengomuntu ocansini futhi akakaze esabe ukukhombisa umzimba wakhe noma ukukhuluma ngocansi unikeza izeluleko zocansi ngosuku lukavalentine ngama akhawunti wakhe wezindaba zenhlalo engxoxweni ayenayo nobasha uhuru uzibize njengomongameli we femor femor monchanti sanelly unelebuli yakhe yezingubo ebizwa ngemonbele cultwear ungumnikazi wekaked club ukucaciswa okudingekayo futhi ukubeke kwacaca ukuthi akusiyona indawo yokugembula sanelly ungunina kumadodakazi amathathu indodakazi yakhe endala nayo ingumculi sanelly uqhamuka esizweni samaxhosa futhi usebenzisa ulimi lwesixhosa ezingomeni zakhe usindiwe magona ungumbhali wasemzantsi afrika wabhala amanoveli ngesibonelo mother to mother ngesizulu umama kumama noma umama nomama usindiwe magona wazalwa ngo emthatha wakhulela egugulethu wafunda enyuvesi yaseningizimu afrika nenyuvesi yasecolumbia enew york inoveli u mother to mother labhalwa ngo liyindaba ngokubulawa kukaamy biehl   umagona wabhala sengathi ungumama wombulali usindiwe magona wabhala amabhuku amaningi ngesingisi wabhala inoveli u beauty s gift nezindaba ezimfushane eziningi nezindaba ezincane eziningi usindiwe magona ubhala ngesixhosa   wasiza ukubhala le ncwadi teach yourself xhosa ngesizulu zifundise isixhosa   umagona wadala i gugulethu writers group ngesizulu iqembu lababhali basegugulethu   ngo babhala ibhuku umthi ngamnye unentlaka yawo yiqoqo lezindaba zesixhosa umagona wanikezwa i order lekhamanga lethusi ngenxa yempumelelo egqamile yemibhalo yakhe futhi ukusebenzisa ipeni lakhe njengesikhali sokulwa kumzabalazo wokuzuza uxolo nokushintsha emphakathini nenkukuleko best of writing photography and music sunday independent may igama lokuhweba igama lokuhweba noma igama lebhizinisi igama elisetshenziswa yizinkampani ezingafuni ukusebenza ngaphansi kwegama labo elibhalisiwe igama lalolu hlobo lwegama elihlukile igama lebhizinisi eqanjiwe ukubhalisa igama elingelona iqiniso nenhlangano kahulumeni efanelekile kuyadingeka kaningi emazweni amaningi ibinzana elithi ukuhweba njengoba lifushaniswa ku t a lisetshenziselwa ukuqamba igama lokuhweba imelika kusetshenziswe ibinzana elithi ukwenza ibhizinisi njengoba lifushanisiwe ku dba dba dba noma d b a phakathi kwabanye njengegama lebhizinisi elicatshangwe ukuthi noma igama lebhizinisi elingamanga ikhanada kusebenza njengoba kufushaniswa no o a kanye nokuhweba njengoba kufushaniswa ne t a kuyasetshenziswa noma ukwenza ibhizinisi njengoba kwesinye isikhathi kuyasetshenziswa inkampani ngokuvamile isebenzisa igama lokuhweba ukwenza ibhizinisi isebenzisa igama elilula kunokuba isebenzise igama labo elisemthethweni nelivame ukwandiswa amagama okuhweba asetshenziswa futhi lapho igama elikhethile lingabhaliswa imvamisa ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi selivele libhalisiwe noma lifana kakhulu negama elibhalisiwe amagama ebhizinisi aqanjiwe awakhi izinhlaka zomthetho ezihlukile umehluko phakathi kwegama elisemthethweni elibhalisiwe negama lebhizinisi eliqanjiwe noma igama lokuhweba kubalulekile ngoba amagama ebhizinisi aqanjiwe kungenzeka angahloniphi njalo ibhizinisi elibhekene ngokusemthethweni izivumelwano zomthetho ezifana nezinkontileka zivame ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa igama elisemthethweni lebhizinisi futhi igama elisemthethweni kufanele lisebenzise noma nini lapho umuntu emangalela noma elethwa amacala esingisini amagama okuhweba ngokuvamile aphathwa njengezibizo ezifanele kweminye imithetho yasecanada njenge ontario lapho usomabhizinisi ebhala igama lokuhweba kwisivumelwano invoice noma isheke kumele futhi afake igama elisemthethweni lebhizinisi izinkampani ezinenombolo zivame ukusebenza njengento engeyona igama lazo elisemthethweni elingaqondakali emphakathini itshile igama lokuhweba laziwa njengegama lokure de fantasa iphupho noma igama elithi oqanjiwe futhi igama elisemthethweni lebhizinisi libizwa ngokuthi i razn social igama lomphakathi ibrazili igama lokuhweba laziwa njenge fantasia enhle futhi igama elisemthethweni lebhizinisi libizwa ngokuthi i razo social ijaphani igama elithi yaz liyasetshenziswa singapore asikho isidingo sokugcwaliswa kwegama lokuhweba njengegama kepha kunezidingo zokudalulwa kwebhizinisi eliyisisekelo noma igama lenkampani elibhalisiwe nenombolo yebhizinisi ehlukile umbuso ohlangeneyo asikho isidingo sokugcwaliswa kwegama lokuhweba njengegama kepha kunezidingo zokudalulwa kwegama langempela lomnikazi kanye nemikhawulo ethile ekusetshenzisweni kwamagama athile izidlanzana zemibuso yase u s kufaka phakathi iwashington zisasebenzisa igama elithi ukuhweba ukubhekisela ekwenzeni ibhizinisi njengamagama i dba amagama ezindaweni eziningi zase u s amabhuku ama dba asemthethweni asetshenziswa kwamanye amagama cishe ingxenye yezifunda njengenew york ne oregon zisebenzisa igama elithi assume business igama noma igama elaziwa ngegama cishe abaningi njengepennsylvania basebenzisa igama elaziwa ngokuthi yi fictitious name ngenhloso yokuvikelwa kwabathengi izindawo eziningi zasemelika zidinga amabhizinisi asebenza ngamagama aqanjiwe ukufaka isitatimende se dba yize amagama afaka igama lokuqala nelokugcina lomnikazi angamukelwa lokhu futhi kunciphisa ukuthi kungenzeka kwamabhizinisi amabili endawo asebenza ngaphansi kwegama elifanayo yize ezinye izinkantolo zinganikezeli ubizo lwegama noma kungavumela iqembu elingaphezu kwelilodwa ukubhalisa igama elifanayo qaphela noma kunjalo lokhu akuyona indawo yokufaka isicelo sophawu lwentengiso ukugcwaliswa kwe dba akukho samba esemthethweni ekumiseni amalungelo wophawu lwentengiso e u s uphawu lwentengiso lutholakala ngokusetshenziswa kwezentengiso kepha kungaba nezinzuzo ezinkulu ekugcwalisweni kwesicelo sophawu lwentengiso abaphathi be sole ngabasebenzisi abavame kakhulu be dbas abahlinzeki besole bangabanikazi bamabhizinisi ngamanye abaqhuba amabhizinisi abo ngokwabo futhi bavame ukuba babe mancane kumdlalo wamabhizinisi amancane kucashunwa edingekayo njengoba abantu abaningi kulezi zimo besebenzisa igama lebhizinisi ngaphandle kwegama labo kucashunwa edingekayo kaningi kuyadingeka bazitholele ama dba ngokuvamile i dba kufanele ibhaliswe kuhulumeni wasekhaya noma wombuso noma bobabili ngokuya ngomthetho isibonelo california texas virginia zidinga ukuthi kubhaliswe i dba nedolobha ngalinye noma idolobha elizimele esimweni sevirginia lapho umnikazi enza ibhizinisi khona imaryland necolorado zinama dba abhaliswe ne ejensi yombuso futhi ivirginia idinga ukuthi izinkampani nezinhlangano ezizimele zifake ikhophi yokubhaliswa kwazo ne county noma idolobha ukuze zibhaliswe ne state corporation commission izitatimende ze dba zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokubambisana ne franchise ozimele uzoba negama elingokomthetho elingase limangalele bese limangalela kodwa liqhube ibhizinisi ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo le franchiser umphakathi olwaluzolwamukela ngo th lapho ummangalelwa owaziwa ngegama irrl corporation wayengumthengisi wezimoto welexus enza ibhizinisi njenge lexus of westminster kodwa asala eyibhizinisi elisemthethweni elihlukile kwi lexus uqhekeko lwetoyota motor sales u s a inc california ukufaka isitatimende se dba kudinga futhi ukuthi kushicilelwe igama lesibhengezo kumaphephandaba endawo isikhathi esithile esibekiwe ukwazisa umphakathi ngenhloso yomnikazi wokusebenza ngaphansi kwegama elibanjiwe inhloso yomthetho ukuvikela umphakathi enkohlakalweni ngokuphoqa umnikazi webhizinisi ukuthi aqale afake noma abhalise igama lakhe lebhizinisi eliyimfihlo nonobhala wesifunda bese enza irekhodi lomphakathi ngokuwushicilela ephephandabeni ezinye izifundazwe eziningi ezinjenge illinois nazo zidinga izaziso zokuphrinta ifomu intela ye irs ekhokhwa kubanikazi bamaloli le ntela yonyaka eqoqwe yi irs amaloli anesisindo esingamaphawundi angama noma ngaphezulu futhi asetshenziselwa amamayela angama noma ngaphezulu atholiswa kule ntela imali yentela isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa nokulungiswa kwemigwaqo emikhulu e us ungafayela i irs hvut kusuka noma ikuphi ukwenza ukugcwaliswa kube lula futhi kube lula ungafayela i irs hvut nabahlinzeki be e file abagunyazwe ngama irs i eform ngumhlinzeki wesevisi wefayela ogunyazwe i irs onolwazi olungaphezu kweshumi leminyaka i irs hvut isikhathi esifanele sezimoto zokuqala ezisetshenzisiwe usuku lokugcina lwenyanga olulandelayo lwenyanga esetshenzisiwe isibonelo uma usebenzise imoto yakho okokuqala ngqa enyangeni ka okthoba khona ke unovemba usuku lokugcina ukufaka ihvut ukwazi kabanzi nge irs hvut isikhathi esifanele sicela uvakashele isayithi elisemthethweni le irs kunezizathu eziningana zokwenqatshwa kwe irs hvut njenge ukwenza amaphutha lapho ugcwalisa i irs hvut kuvamile uma kukhona amaphutha enzekile ngesikhathi kokufakwa kwe irs hvut ungawalungisa ngaphambi kokuhambisa ifomu lakho ngicela ulibukeze lokhu kuzokusiza ukugwema amaphutha lapho ugcwalisa i irs hvut intela amaphutha ajwayelekile enziwa ngenkathi kugcwaliswa i irs hvut yile ukulungisa la maphutha ungasebenzisa i irs hvut amendment usebenzisa lokhu ungalungisa noma imaphi amaphutha ku irs hvut kwi irs hvut ukuchibiyela kusho noma yiluphi ushintsho okufanele lwenziwe kwifomu elivele lingenisiwe lama kufanele ukhokhe intela eyengeziwe yembuyekezo elungisiwe nge elektroniki ushintsho noma ukulungiswa kungaba uma ufaka izichibiyelo ezingama nge eform sizosheshisa amafomu akho angama lapho i irs isamukela ukuchibiyela uzothola ikhophi lakho le elihleliwe i cannabidiol cbd iyi phytocannabinoid eyatholakala ngo ingenye yezingama ezikhonjwe ngama cannabinoids ezitshalweni ze cannabis nama akhawunti afinyelela ku kokukhishwa kwesitshalo ngo ucwaningo lomtholampilo nge cannabidiol lufake nezifundo zokuqala zokukhathazeka ukuqonda ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba nobuhlungu i cannabidiol ingathathelwa emzimbeni ngezindlela eziningi kufaka phakathi ukuhogela intuthu noma umusi we cannabis njengesifutho se aerosol esihlathini nangomlomo kunganikezwa njengamafutha we cbd aqukethe i cbd kuphela njengesithako esisebenzayo asifakwanga i tetrahydrocannabinol i thc noma i terpenes isitshalo se hemmp egcwele i cbd egcwele izitshalo amaphilisi i cannabis eyomisiwe noma njengesixazululo soketshezi esihlinzekiwe i cbd ayinayo i psychoactivity efanayo ne thc futhi ingashintsha imiphumela ye thc emzimbeni uma bobabili bekhona kusukela ngonyaka we indlela yokusebenza yezenzo zemiphumela yayo ye biological ayikaze inqunywe e united states isidakamizwa se cannabidiol i epidiolex savunywa ngabakwafood and drug administration ngonyaka we ukwelashwa kwezifo ezimbili zesifo sokuwa njengoba i cannabis iyi schedule i elawula into e united states ezinye izindlela zokwenziwa kwe cbd zihlala zingekho emthethweni ukunquma ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha noma ukusebenzisa njengesithako ekudleni noma kwezithasiselo zokudla uruth mompati septhemba meyi wayengusopolitiki was ningizimu afrika futhi engomunye wabaholi bemashi kamashi ngomhlaka agasti uruth wazalelwa etlapeng village esifundeni sasebophirima manje usuqambe umasipala wesifunda i dkt ruth mompati wakhulela endaweni esemakhaya kahle uruth mompati wazalelwa esifundazweni sasenyakatho ntshonalanga uruth wazalelwa etlapeng village esifundeni sasebophirima manje usuqambe umasipala wesifunda i dkt ruth mompati wakhulela endaweni esemakhaya kahle ngemuva kokuqeda u standard wasebenzela umndeni wabamhlophe kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi waya etygerkloof training training college waphothula idiploma yakhe yothisha esikoleni samabanga aphansi ngo uqhubekile nokufundisa esigodini sasedithakwaneng ushiye udithakwaneng ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu ngo ngenkathi umama wakhe egula uthathe isinqumo ukufundisa evryburg higher primary school ubesenyunyana yabafundi etygerberg kanye nenorth west district district union ngo ephreli uruth washada nomshana kamfundisi umogorosi owayengungqongqoshe we lmsc ekhanyesa umyeni karuth wayeyilungu le african national congress anc usuke evryburg waya egoli eyohlala nomkhwekazi wakhe ubuye washiya nokufundisa waya esikoleni esizimele ukuyofunda ngokwakhe mathupha nokuthayipha ngenkathi umakhelwane wakhe unkk njiwa eshiya umthetho kamandela notambo ukuba bayofundela ubudokotela uruth wafaka isicelo wawathola kusukela ngo kuya ku wasebenza njengomdwebi kanelson mandela no oliver tambo ezenzweni zabo zomthetho egoli wajoyina i african national congress ngonyaka we wakhethwa waba yikomidi eliphezulu likazwelonke lenhlangano yabesifazane wakhethwa njengelungu lephalamende okhethweni lwentando yeningi lokuqala lwaseningizimu afrika ngonyaka we waqokelwa inxusa laseswitzerland kusuka ngo kuya ku waba yimeya yasevryburg ngemuva kokubuya futhi wasebenza njengelungu lesigungu esiphezulu emkhonto wesizwe veteran s association uruth wabamba iqhaza emkhankasweni wokuphikisana nezimali ngonyaka we futhi wayeyilungu le federation of south african women fedsaw ngonyaka we ngemuva kwalokho waba ngomunye wabaholi be women s mashi ngomhlaka agasti uruth waya ekudingisweni ngo lapho eqeqeshwa khona kwezempi futhi wabamba isikhundla sokuba ngunobhala nenhloko yengxenye yabesifazane be anc etanzania ukusuka ngonyaka ka kuya ku umompati uhlale eyilungu lomkhandlu kazwelonke we anc ngalesi sikhathi ubuye waba yingxenye yehhovisi likamongameli we anc enye yezindima ezigqame kakhulu zikamompati yilezo azidlalile njengenhloko yebhodi yezindaba zenkolo ye anc phakathi konyaka we nowe umompati wasebenza njengommeleli oyinhloko we anc e united kingdom futhi waba yingxenye yethimba elavula izingxoxo nohulumeni waseningizimu afrika egroote schuur ngonyaka ka uruth mompati ushone ngomhlaka meyi esibhedlela sasecape town eneminyaka eyi bakha ukugula uphumzile mlambo ngcuka usopolitiki waseningizimu afrika kanye nesikhulu senhlangano yezizwe futhi njengamanje usebenza njengomqondisi ophethe wezinhlangano zabesifazane be un ngesikhundla sika under secretary general wenhlangano yezizwe umlambo ngcuka wayengumongameli kusekela ngomnyaka ka kuya ku lakhe lokuzalwa ngulwesithathu kanovember eclaremont durban ukhule edurban yena waya ohlange high school einanda wase waya euyinivesithi kazwelonke limpopo ukuthola isiqu sekhono lobuciko kwenzesayensi yezenhlalo kanye nomfundo meseka qeda ngesimfundo uyefundisa ngomnyaka ka kuya ku empumalanga teachers training college nase ohlange high school ngokuhamba kwesikathi uthole iziqu inqubomgomo yezobulili ekolishi laseuyinivesithi elondon ngo lapho inhlangano yendabuko yabesifazane yayiyinhlangano esebnzisana nayo inhlangano yentando yeningi phambili ngokubambana ngentando yeningi i udf wayengumongameli wokuqala wezinhlangano ubuye wasebenza njegomqondisi wenhlangano yezentuthuko yasekapa i team lapho wabandakanyeka ekukhozeni kwabafazi ezindaweni zemjondoloo nasemasontweni azimele eafrika ka ukuthuthumisa ukuqeqesaha kokuzimela kwenzomnotho kanye nekhonyolokuqhuba izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ngo umlambo ngcuka uqalw kusebenza uyinivesithi yomhlaba inzonzo ninginzimu afrika yase ekapa ukuxaksa izinhlangano ezothuthukisa ukufunda nokubhala kanye nenthuthukoyase mkaaya kanya nezimboni ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezibekelwe eceleni uzondeni veronica sobukwe kujulayi agasti wayengumhlengikazi waseningizimu afrika obambe iqhaza elibalulekile emkhankasweni wokulwa nempi umyeni wakhe urobert sobukwe wayengusopolitiki odumile umndeni wakhe uhlukunyezwa njalo ngamaphoyisa umam sobukwe wazalwa ehlobane enatal wazalwa enatal nges bongo sakwa mathe umam zondeni owaziwa ngo veronica washada ubab robert sobukwe ilungu elisungulayo nomongameli wok qala wepac pan africanist congress njengomyeni wakhe uveronica sobukwe wadlala indima ebalulekile emzabalazweni umam sobukwe wa qala isindima sakhe somzabalazo eeastern cape efundela ubuhlengikazi yilana wa hlangana nomyeni wakhe yena efunda umyeni wakhe angomongameli we src yase fort hare yunivesithi esiskoleni sakhe wakona ingxabano yomsebenzi nabantu abasebenzela es bhedlela nom phate bes bhedlela uveronica waye phambili kwalesi siteleka ngenxa yalokhu waxoshwa eskoleni indima ka mam veronica yayi nkhulu emzabalazweni waziwa ngendima yakhe kwezombusazwe nokhuba udokotela wezimphilo umama we azania waya egoli ukuletha incwadi kumnumzane uwalter sisulu ukuletha ukunaka kweteleka wathunyelwe eancyl ngonyaka waka umam sobukwe wavela ngaphambi kwe ukubungaza we truth and reconciliation efuna ukuthola iqiniso ngembangela yokufa kwaka robert sobukwe wakhipa iqiniso mayelana ngokuphatwa kabi kwa robert sobukwe asejele umam veronica washonela egraaf reinet u lebo mathosa julayi okthoba wayengumculi we kwaito odumile waseningizimu afrika umathosa waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngeqembu elidumile laseningizimu afrika iboom shaka ngonyaka we eneminyaka eyi ulebo mathosa wazalelwa edaveyton edolobheni elincane phandle kwasebenoni umndeni wakhe wase wahamba wayohlala ejohannesburg lapho ulebo waqala amazinga akhe okufunda est mary s high school ulebo waqala ukucula eneminyaka eyisikhombisa ecula esontweni umndeni wakhe uma usuhlala ejohannesburg yilapho wathola khona umculo webubblegum umculo owawuculwa abaculi abafana nobrenda fassie okwakuyena isibonelo kulebo futhi umuntu owayefaniswa naye kakhulu umathosa watholwa udj wase johannesburg ene minyaka engamashumi nane masishane emuva kwalokho wajoyina iqembu le boom shaka iqembu le boom shaka lashesha laphumelela kwaba elinye lamaqembu avelele eningizimu afrika ialbhamu yabo yokuqala it s about time ya duma kakhulu kodwa ialbhamu yabo yesibili yadala impikisano ngenxa yeculo labo nkosi sikelela la khona baxhuba ingoma yezwe ngemuva kokuhlukana neboom shaka ulebo waqala ukucula yedwa futhi waphumelela kakhulu kwaba uyena umculi wokuqala eningizimu afrika ukwenza icopyright kumculo wakhe ulebo mathosa washona engozini yemoto ngo mhlaka okthoba eshonela empumalanga yegoli enthathakusa imoto yagunquka ngoba umshayeli wakhe wahluleka ukulawula imoto itoyota prado emgwaqeni omkhulu wen yase east rand ubig boy mlangeni obe umphathi wemakhething yenkampani yokurekhoda umculo kalebo ibula records uthi ulebo ubethandeka futhi naye ethanda abantu uthi ulebo ubesasemncane enekhono elikhulu futhi nekusasa eliqhakazile umadie hall xuma kwesinye isikhathi onikezwa njengohall xuma wayeyisishoshovu sasemelika eningizimu afrika umadie beatrice hall wazalelwa ewinston salem enorth carolina ezalwa ngu h h hall noginny cowan hall amahholo akhulisa umndeni wakubo wezingane ezine ewinston salem enyakatho yecarolina lapho uh h hall wasebenza khona njengodokotela wokuqala omnyama wedolobha uhall wakhulisa isibhedlela sokuqala sabantu abamnyama wedolobha futhi wahlela ngenkuthalo umphakathi wezokwelapha omnyama ikhono lakhe njengodokotela liwunqobile umlando wobandlululo waleli dolobha futhi wamtholela idumela elihle kubantu bakuleli dolobha zombili izinhlanga ngokufika kwake eningizimu africa uxu wasimisela ngokufundisa abanye abafazi isindlela sokuphila eziphuqukile wababonisa infundiso yakhe yangaphesheya nenhloso yokuthi baphile kancono kunaphambilini uxuma wayezimisele ngokuzinikela kumpumaphambili yabantu besifazane wase futhi eba xhasa ngezemfundo nemphilo eyesimanje manje waqala iafrican national congress women s league wapinde waba ngumongameli wokuqala weancwl ukusukela ngo kwaze kwaba ngo uxuma wathuthukisa iklabhu yezenzele wanceda ama cembu wokuzisiza awabantu besifazane eningizimu afrika aqhasane ne international young christian women s association ngo uxuma uzokhumbulwa ngokukhutaza inthutukho yabantu besifazane umadie uhlale eningizimu afrika kwase kwashona umyeni wakhe wase wabhuyela emelika la washonela khona ubarbara mosima joyce masekela wazalwa ngomhlaka kujulayi egoli wayengowesibili ezinganeni ezine azalelwa upauline nothomas selema masekela umama wakhe wayengusonhlalonhle esikhungweni somndeni e alexander kanti ubaba wakhe wayengumhloli wezempilo futhi engumbazi wengqephu wesikhashana ubarbara wakhulela ewitbank ngaphansi kokubuka ugogo wakhe waze wabuyela e alexander township ngo wakhulela emndenini ohlonipha ezombusazwe waya e anglican primary school ewitbank nasest michaels anglican school e alexander ngo wabhalisa enanda girls seminary boarding school ethekwini lapho aphothula khona umatikuletsheni wakhe ngo esikoleni samabanga aphansi baba nethuba lokuhlangana nabaholi bezenhlalo nezepolitiki abanjengomongameli we african national congress anc u chief albert luthuli ukuxhumana kukabarbara nezibalo zezepolitiki kwenzeka esemncane kakhulu abantu bokuqala abahlangana nabo kwakunguhelen navid owayenguthishanhloko esikhungweni sezempilo kanye notata trevor huddleston owayefundisa esikoleni somfowabo ist ufunde ngokufika kobandlululo ngokufunda izincwadi kanye namaphephandaba kanye nokulalela izingxoxo zabazali bakhe ukuphothula u matric umasekela wenza umsebenzi wakhe ephephandabeni inew age ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha wabhalisa ekolishi laselesotho university of botswana naseswaziland umasekela ekuqaleni waqala ngokufundela iziqu ze ba ngofebhuwari wathuthela eghana ngemuva kwekota eyodwa kuphela enyuvesi ngesikhathi eseghana wangenwa yisifo sofuba futhi wathuthela e united kingdom unyaka owodwa ukuyokwelashwa esibhedlela ngemuva kokuphuma kwakhe esibhedlela wahlala izinyanga ezimbalwa e uk ukusuka e uk waya e united states lapho afike wabhalisa khona efordham university enew york ngo i fordham university kulapho umasekele avezwa khona ukuthi wayenobuhlanga obunobudlova ikakhulukazi ezinkulumweni zakhe ze anthropology lapho kwakubhekiselwa khona njalo emiphakathini engafundile ubuye wagula futhi washiya uku kwenzeka kwenzeka abantu bokuqala abahlanganela nabohelen navidaliweenguthishanhloko zokuhungweni sezempilo kanye nesy trevor huddleston ufunda ngokufika kobandlululo ngokufundafunda kanye namaphephabhuku kanye nokuphendula umbuzo wabazali bakhe ukuphothula u matric umasekela wenza umsebenzi wakhe ephephandabeni inew age izinsukuinyanga ezintathu wabhalisa ekolishi lelesotho university of botswana naseswaziland umasekela waqala ngoku fund ela qu ngofebhuwari wathuthela eghanahlukanisota enye ngaphandle enyuvesi izinsizaghana wangenwa isifo sofuba futhi wathuthela e united kingdom koku uk izinyanga ukusuka e uk waya e united states lapho kufika wabhalisa khona efordham university enew york ngo i fordham university in ubuye wagula futhi washiya ngo agasti umasekela wenza uhambo lwakhe wabuyela ezambia lapho ayesebenza khona njengonobhala wokuphatha we anc ngokugcwele ngo wacelwa ukuba ahole umnyango wezobuciko namasiko we anc awemukela ukwakhiwa kwalo mnyango kwavuselelwa wumkhosi wamasiko nokumelana kwawo okwenzeka ebotswana ngonyaka we umasekela nabanye okubalwa uwally serote umandla langa ulindiwe mabuza upatrick fitzgerald nolouise colvin angela brown basungula umnyango waba nomthelela omkhulu ekuvinjelweni kwabafundi kwezamasiko ezifundweni nakwezamasiko eningizimu afrika ngofebhuwari lapho ufw de klerk wenkululeko engavinjwanga yenkululeko umasekela ebuyela eningizimu afrika ekufikeni kwakhe uqhubeke nokusebenza emnyangweni wezobuciko namasiko osegoli ngemuva kwesikhathi wasebenza i anc njengomphathi wayo wokuhola imali ngo wacelwa ukuthi ahambe no nelson mandela e us futhi wabhalwa eqenjini elalilungiselela ukuvakasha kamuva ngalowo nyaka wahamba nomandela waya endiya engqungqutheleni ye anc ebibanjelwe ethekwini ngojulayi umasekela waphinde waqokwa kwikomidi eliphethe le anc kuzwelonke usebenzela ikhomishini yezingxoxo ye anc futhi waya kwi december convention for a democratic south africa codesa umasekela ubambe iqhaza ezindabeni ze anc women s league wasebenzela uhulumeni waseningizimu afrika esigabeni esiphezulu lapho mhlaka septhemba ubarbara masekela waba inxusa laseningizimu afrika emelika umasekela ubuye nezikhundla ezizimele ngaphambi kokuthi abe yinxusa wake wasebenza njengomqondisi omkhulu wezindaba zomphakathi nezamabhizinisi kwade beer consolidated mines kuze kube ngumashi phambilini wake wasebenza njengomphathi wesikhwama sezingane senelson mandela kanye nenelson mandela foundation umaskela uphinde wabamba abaqondisi abahlukahlukene nabangeyona eyabaphathi okubandakanya nomqondisi we standard bank of south africa south african broadcasting corporation kanye ne international marketing council kamuva wakhonza njengonxusa efrance nase unesco ubarbara unezingane ezimbili futhi uhlala egoli ucecile lynette palmer wayeyisishoshovu samalungelo abantu nesishoshovu sobulili saseningizimu afrika lynette palmer obesebenza esouth african women in dialogue iplatifomu yabesifazane abazimele isawid ikhalela  ukudlula kwamalungelo abantu kanye nesishoshovu sobulili odlule emhlabeni ngonyaka wakhe wama th year on january th futhi ehlonipha ifa awashiyela impilo enikezwe amalungelo abantu nobulungiswa bezenhlalo ukufakazelwa kwakhe ubufakazi bokuthi umzabalazo wakhe umbone eboshwe ejele laseforton lapho kuhlala khona ikhomishini yokulingana ngobulili izinyanga ezine ngonyaka we ngenkathi ikhulelwe ngayo indodakazi yakhe unadine snyman wazalwa ngemuva kwenyanga ededelwe ngayo umama ka palmer uvester smith futhi wayengumakadebona wokuhamba kwabesifazane eboshwe ejele elifanayo unyaka we kwabonwa ukuqothuka okukhulu kwamaphoyisa amahora amaningi ngaphambi kokuba avalelwe ucecilie palmer wazithola esejele lasejohn vorster square ngaphambi kwewindi elivulekile ukuboshwa kwakhe nezinye izithonjana zabesifazane ezaziwa ngokuthi yi stallenle icons ezifana nowinnie mandela ufatima meer usibongile kubheka nodeborah matshoba bebeyingxenye yejele labesifazane elibizwa nge fatima s yard izitini ezazinezitokisi ezihlukaniswe nowinnie s yard ngodonga ngenkathi begqunywe ejele abesifazane ababoshwa babekuvikela ngempumelelo ukukhululwa kweziboshwa zezingane nokuthi bavunyelwe nokugqokwa ucecile palmer wayekekhulelwe ngenkathi eboshwe izinyanga ezine ejele labesifazane ejohannesburg lokho kwenzeka ngonyaka we umbhikisho wokulwa nobandlululo ngonyaka owaba namandla futhi umbuso wobandlululo waseningizimu afrika wabopha amakhulu abantu ngaphandle kokuletha enkantolo ijele labesifazane manje sekuwumnyuziyamu enye wabaningana esakhiweni somthethosisekelo hill bonke babeyamajele ngaphambili ukuphela kwesakhiwo esakhiweni esasingakaze sibe yindawo yokuboshwa yinkantolo yomthethosisekelo eyakhiwa ngemuva kokhetho lwentando yeningi lokuqala lwaluqeda ubandlululo unina kapalmer ubevele eboshwe ejele kwakunzima kakhulu kuye nami nami ukuba lapha ngoba ukukhulelwa kwami kokuqala bekunzima kusho upalmer engxoxweni ese constitution hill yize noma engatshelwanga ukuthi uboshelwe ini usola ukuthi lokho kuhlobene nokuphunyuka kwakhe nokunikeza ubufakazi obumelene nesishoshovu esilwa nobandlululo ngobuchwepheshe ubuye futhi wabamba iqhaza ekuhleleni ingqungquthela lapho izazi ezifana nomamphele ramphele ujakes gerwel noherbert vilakazi bekhuluma bekumele bahambise ingqungquthela baye eroodepoort ngoba bekuvinjelwe ukuthi kwenzeke egoli kwakunezinye izishoshovu zabesifazane ejele lesifazane futhi labo besifazane kukhona uwinnie mandela ufatima meer usibongile kubheka nodeborah matshoba lapho eboshwa ubesebenza nenational union of south african student enyuvesi yasewitwatersrand lapho ayezungezwe yizinto ezazikhokhelwa nguhulumeni ezifana nocraig williamson enkantolo yomthethosisekelo kulengiswa iqoqo lemidiya elihlanganisiwe elihlanganisa nengubo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyingxenye yezindaba zomculi ujudith mason ongumculi the man who sang and the women who kept silent futhi waphefumulelwa yizindaba ze truth and reconciliation commission zezindaba umason azizwile enye yezindaba ezalalelwa nguphila ndwandwe wahlukunyezwa futhi wagcinwa enqunu izinsuku eziyi ngaphambi kokubulawa ngaphambi kokushona kwakhe undwandwe walingisa ingubo yakhe yangaphansi lapho ayesebenzisa khona isikhafu sepulasitiki esiluhlaza ukudla okunempilo ukuze ulwe nobuhlungu bekhanda kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zekhanda futhi zinezindlela zokwelapha ezingefani enye indlela enhle ukudla okulwa nekhanda kunenombolo enkulu yabantu abahlushwa amakhanda njalo lesi simo esijwayelekile singaba nemvelaphi ehlukile futhi sibe sezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ubuhlungu bekhanda bungenzeka ngenxa ye sinusitis ukugaya okungahambi kahle ukuphazamiseka kwesibeletho noma ukucindezela phakathi kwezimbangela ezivame kakhulu kungakhathalekile ukuthi inhloso yekhanda yini ukudla kuyinto ebalulekile yokwelapha noma ukugwema ungondla kanjani ukuvikela i migrain kulinganiselwa ukuthi i migraine ingukugula okuhlupha kusuka ku wabantu emhlabeni kubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu obuvamisile obuvame ukutholakala ohlangothini olulodwa lwekhanda kungase kuhambisane nokuhlanza isicanucanu kanye nokuzwa okuzwakalayo komsindo noma ukukhanya izinkinga zingahlala kuze kube ngamahora angama uma zishiywe zingalashwaa imvamisa iyahlukahluka ngokusho komuntu kepha kunezici zokudla okunomsoco ezingayidala okunye ukudla kuyizimpawu zezimpawu zea migraiheadaches izakhiwo zazo zikhiqiza ukwahluka kwamakhemikhali egazini lezi zindawo eziphakeme eziphakeme kakhulu kanye nezinselo zomzimba zibonakaliswa ikhanda elinzima isihluthulelo siwukuba ulondoloze ukudla okufanele wazi ukudla okungavinjelwa kanye nalokho okungadliwa kumayelana nokuzama ukulonda izindlela zokudla ezinempilo kungcono ukuthi ufake ukudla okugcwele amavithamini we b nalawo ahlinzeka ngama omega fatty a ids ukudla okuphikisana nekhanda ukulimala kwekhanda kungenza kube nzima ukuhlangana namandla nsuku zonke mhlawumbe izidakamizwa zingcono kakhulu futhi zishesha kunazo zonke ukuphulukisa ikhanda kepha kunezakhi zemvelo ezinikezwa ngumama wezemvelo njengenye indlela engcono yokulwa nokulimala kwekhanda okulandelayo are sizobona uhlu lokudla olubhekene nalesi simo esingesihle i watermelon uphayinaphu ikhukhamba i apple cider uviniga i salmon tuna kanye ne sardineit haskudla okugxilwe kakhulu kwe omega fatty acids futhi enezinto ezilthese drinkskala regulatesnalezo ze ibuprofen ama alimondi itiye lamakhambi inothile nge vitamin c mg g ebalulekile ukuze kusebenze ama enzymes we cytochrome p abandakanyeka esigabeni sokuqala sokudalwa kwesibindi ngaphandle kwalokho kusiza ukuqeda i histamine nama hormone akhiqizwa ngokucindezela obhekele i migraines eminingi inikeza i magnesium mg g ne potassium mg g amaminerali amabili aphumuza uhlelo lwezinzwa izithelo zehlathi isayensi ubuchwepheshe ubunjiniyela futhi imathemathiki iuui isingisi science technology engineering and mathematics stem igama elithi eqenjini ndawonye lezi eyala zezemfundo leli gama livame ukusetshenziswa lapho kukhulunywa ngenqubomgomo yezemfundo nokukhethwa kwekharikhulamu ezikoleni ukwenza ngcono ukuncintisana ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi nezobuchwepheshe inemithelela ngentuthuko yabasebenzi ukukhathazeka kwezokuphepha kuzwelonke nenqubomgomo yokufuduka isayensi e iuui ngokuvamile libhekisela ezimbili aphume ezintathu ezinkulu amagatsha yesayensi isayensi yemvelo kuhlanganise ibhayoloji amafiziki futhi ikhemistri futhi wesayensi esisemthethweni zazo wezibalo isibonelo kanye logic futhi izibalo igatsha lesithathu elikhulu lesayensi isayensi yezenhlalo kufaka phakathi isayensi yezengqondo isayensi yezenhlalo kanye nesayensi yezepolitiki lihlukaniswe ngokuhlukile kwamanye amagatsha amabili esayensi futhi esikhundleni salokho bahlanganiswa ndawonye nobuntu nezobuciko ukwenza elinye igama elichazwe ngokuthi uuny ubuntu ubuciko nesayensi futhi yezenhlalo isingisi hass humanities arts and social sciences abesifazane bakha amaphesenti angama abasebenzi basemelika futhi benza ama emisebenzi ehlobene ne iuui e uk abesifazane benza ama emisebenzi ehlobene ne iuui e us abesifazane abane iuui izinga banamathuba amaningi okusebenza emfundweni noma ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kunamasimu we iuui ngokuqhathaniswa nabalingani babo besilisa ukulinganiselwa kobulili kuncike emkhakheni wokufunda isibonelo iyuniyani yase europe ngonyaka ka abesifazane bakha ama wezobonke ama ezesayensi yezenhlalo ezamabhizinisi nezomthetho ama esayensi izibalo kanye nekhompyutha ama wobunjiniyela okokukhiqiza nokwakha kanye no yabafundi abaphothule kwi phd kwezempilo nakwezenhlalonhle isayensi ibhizinisi elihlelekile elakha futhi lihlele ulwazi ngendlela yezincazelo ezivivinyayo nokubikezela ngomkhathi izimpande zokuqala ze uku igibhithe lasendulo ne mesopotamiya cishe ngo kuya ku bce amagalelo abo imathemathiki izinkanyezi kanye umuthi yangena futhi yakhiwa amagreki ifilosofi yemvelo ye zakudala endulo lapho kwenziwa khona imizamo emisiwe yokuhlinzeka ngezincazelo zezinto ezisezweni lomzimba ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo ngemuva kokuwa kombuso wasentshonalanga waseroma ulwazi ngemiqondo yamagrikhi lomhlaba lwehla lwasentshonalanga nentshonalanga yurophu phakathi namakhulu okuqala kuya ku ce wenkathi ephakathi kepha lwagcinwa emhlabeni wamasulumane ngesikhathi se amasulumane yegolide iminyaka ukubuyiselwa kanye nokuthathwa kwemisebenzi yamagrikhi nemibuzo yamasulumane iye entshonalanga yurophu kusuka ngekhulu le kuye le kwavuselela ifilosofi yemvelo kamuva eyaguqulwa yinguquko yesayensi eyaqala ngekhulu le njengento entsha imibono kanye nokutholakele okusukile emibonweni nakwisiko lamagrikhi langaphambili indlela yesayensi yasheshe yabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekwakhiweni kolwazi futhi akuzange kube ngekhulu le lapho izici eziningi zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe zaqala ukwakheka kanye nokushintshwa kwefilosofi yemvelo kuya kwisayensi yemvelo isayensi yanamuhla ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe ezintathu ezinkulu amagatsha aqukethe lo yemvelo isayensi isib ibhayoloji ikhemistri futhi amafiziki okuyinto cwaningo imvelo ngomqondo ebanzi isayensi yezenhlalo isib ezomnotho ezengqondo kanye nezenhlalo ezifunda abantu nemiphakathi kanye nesayensi ehlelekile isib logic imathemathiki kanye ne isayensi yekhompyutha yemibhalo ezifunda imiqondo engabonakali kukhona ukungaboni ngaso linye nokho ekutheni isayensi esemthethweni empeleni iyisayensi njengoba bengathembeli ebufakazini obunamandla izijeziso ezisebenzisa ulwazi olukhona lwesayensi ngezinjongo ezisebenzayo njengokuthi ubunjiniyela nangomuthi zichazwa njengezesayensi esetshenzisiwe isayensi isuselwa ucwaningo okuvame ukuqhutshwa kwezemfundo kanye nasezinhlanganweni ucwaningo izikhungo kanye naku ejensi kahulumeni futhi inkampani umthelela osebenzayo ocwaningweni lwesayensi uholele ekuqubukeni kwezinqubomgomo zesayensi ezifuna ukuthonya ibhizinisi lesayensi ngokubeka phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwe imikhiqizo yezentengiso izikhali ukunakekela impilo futhiukuvikelwa kwemvelo galileo di vincenzo bonaulti de galilei ufebhuwari januwari wayeyisazi sezinkanyezi sase italy isayensi yezokwelapha kanye unjiniyela kwesinye isikhathi ochazwa njenge polymath evela episa galileo ubizwe ngubaba wesayensi yokufunda izinkanyezi ubaba wesayensi yesimanjemanje ubaba wendlela yesayensi kanye nobaba wesayensi yanamuhla galileo wafunda isivinini kanye ne velocity amandla adonsela phansi nokuwa kwamahhala umgomo wokuhlobana i inertia ukunyakaza kwe projectile futhi wasebenza nesayensi esetshenzisiwe nobuchwepheshe echaza izakhiwo ze pendulums kanye nemizila ye hydrostatic wasungula i thermoscope namakhampasi ahlukahlukene ezempi nokusebenzisa isibonakude sokubonwa kwesayensi kwezinto zasezulwini amagalelo akhe ekubukweni kwezinkanyezi ahambelana nakho afaka phakathi ukuqinisekiswa kwe telescopic kwezigaba uvenusi ukubonwa kwesiphuphutheki esikhulu kunazo zonke undonsakusa ukubonwa kwamakhonkolo usatureni kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezimpawu zelanga ukuwina kukagalileo i heliocentrism ne copernicanism kwakuyimpikiswano ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe lapho iningi lababhalisela amamodeli we geocentric anjengohlelo lwetychonic uhlangane nokuphikiswa okuvela kwizazi zezinkanyezi ezazingabaza i heliocentrism ngenxa yokungabikho kwephalamende elibukhali le ndaba yaphenywa yinkantolo inquisition yaseroma ngo eyaphetha ngokuthi i heliocentrism yayiyisiwula futhi ayinangqondo kwifilosofi futhi yayingumbono ngokusemthethweni ngoba iphikisana ngokusobala ezindaweni eziningi nomqondo wombhalo oyingcwele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi galileo wavikela imibono yakhe inkhulumomphendvulwano mayelana nezinhlelo ezibili eziyinhloko zomhlaba ebonakala ihlasela papa urban viii futhi ngaleyo ndlela imhlukanise namajesuit bobabili ababeseke galileo kuze kube manje wazama ukuqulwa yi inquisition watholwa esolwa ngokuhlanya waphoqeleka ukuthi ahlehlise wachitha impilo yakhe yonke eboshelwe endlini ngesikhathi eboshelwe endlini wabhala amasayensi amabili amasha lapho afingqa khona umsebenzi abewenze eminyakeni engamashumi amane ngaphambili kumasayensi amabili manje abizwa ngokuthi yi kinematics futhi namandla ezinto zokwakha galileo wenza umnikelo wokuqala kwisayensi yokuhamba ngenhlanganisela entsha yokuhlola nokubala okujwayelekile isayensi ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyizimfundo william gilbert zamandla kazibuthe kanye nogesi ubaba ka galileo vincenzo galilei ongumlobi wezomculo wezokwelapha kanye nomculi wezomculo wayenze izivivinyo zokuthola mhlawumbe ubudlelwane obudala obungeyona eyaziwayo ku physics ngentambo eyeluliwe iphimbo liyahluka njengempande yesikwele lezi kokuma wayelele kohlaka pythagorean isiko umculo owaziwa kahle ukuze abenzi insimbi ezazihlanganisa yokuthi ehlukanisa iziqephu yezinhlamvu by inombolo ephelele ukhiqiza ngesilinganiso obunobunye ngakho ke inani elilinganiselwe lezibalo lalinomculo ohlobene nomsuka nesayensi yezomzimba futhi ugalileo osemncane wakwazi ukubona okwashiwo kukayise kukhulisa kulelo siko galileo wayengomunye wabacabangi bokuqala besimanje ukusho ngokusobala ukuthi imithetho yemvelo iyizibalo kuyi le assayer wabhala ukuthi i philosophy ibhalwe kule ncwadi enhle indawo yonke kulotshiwe ilimi le iimbalo nezinhlamvu zayo ngokuthi aboncantathu imibuthano nezinye izibalo jomethri cwaningo yakhe zezibalo uyi ukuqhubeka nesiko oqashwe ngasekupheleni zesikole zefilosofi yemvelo okuyinto ugalileo wafunda lapho efunda ifilosofi umsebenzi wakhe wakhomba elinye igxathu ekuhlukaniseni isayensi okwenzeka ekugcineni kufilosofi nenkolo ukukhula okukhulu emcabangweni womuntu wayevame ukuzimisele ukushintsha imibono yakhe ngokuya ngokubona ukuze enze izivivinyo zakhe ugalileo kwadingeka abeke izindinganiso zobude nesikhathi ukuze izilinganiso ezenziwe ngezinsuku ezihlukile nakulabhorethri ehlukene ziqhathaniswe ngendlela yokuzala lokhu kunikeze isisekelo esinokwethenjelwa lapho kungaqinisekiswa khona imithetho yemathematics ngokusebenzisa ukucabanga okuqondayo galileo wakhombisa ukwazisa kwesimanje ngobuhlobo obufanele phakathi kwezibalo ithiyori yemvelo kanye ne physics yokulinga wayeyiqonda parabola zombili ngokwezigaba zama conic izigaba nangokwe ordite y ehlukahluka njengesikwele se abscissa x ugalileo okwengeziwe wagomela ngokuthi parabola kwaba kwakuthiwa ekahle trajectory ka projectile nombala kwadlanga kakhulu ngawo ukungabi khona emoyeni ukumelana noma ezinye thuthuva ubuye wavuma ukuthi kunemingcele ekuvumeni kwale le ithiyori ephawula ngezizathu zemibhalo ethi i projectile trajectory yosayizi oluqhathaniswa neyomhlaba ayinakuba yi parabola kodwa nokho wagcina ukuthi amabanga afinyelela ebangeni lobuciko bezinsuku zakhe ukuphambuka kwe projectile s trajectory ku parabola kungaba yinto encane kakhulu ushivaji jayanti chhatrapati shivaji maharaj uyeza kumele sazi ngenkosi enkulu eyaqala imaratha samrajya neswaraj yezwe ngakho ke nansi imininingwane yenkosi enkulu u chhatrapati shivaji bhonsle igama shivaji maharaj bhonsle usuku lokuzalwa ngofebhuwari indawo okwazalelwa kuyo ishivneri fort isifunda sasepune imaharashtra bazali ushahaji bhonsle ubaba nojijabai umama isifunda umngane womshado saibai soyarabai putalabai sakvarbai laxmibai kashibai izingane usambhaji urajaram usakhubai nimbalkar uranubai jadhav umahadik urajkumaribai shirke inkolo hinduism maratha ushivaji maharaj wayeyindodana kashahaji raje bhonsle jijabai uzalelwe enqabeni yeshivneri etholakala ejunnar taluka yesifunda sasepune emaharashtra usuku lokuzalwa lukachhatrapati shivaji olusemthethweni lungofebhuwari kepha ezinye izazi mlando zikubeka njengonyaka ka ukuphakama nesisindo se ishivaji maharaj enkulu inobude obungama ft inches m futhi inesisindo sokuqanjwa kgs ufuna okuningi nge lord shiva unkosikazi kashivaji maharaj uchhatrapati shivaji unonkosikazi abane okuthiwa sakvarbai saibai upubalabai soyarabai n d inkosi yesibili kamaratha ushambhaji bhonsale wayeyindodana kashivaji nosaibai isipikha sikarayya rajisabhishek ushivaji maharaj wagcotshwa ngokusemthethweni urajyaabhishek njengenkosi umbuso wasemaratha ngonyaka we umkhosi omkhulu wabanjelwa efort raigad izinkemba zechhatrapati shivaji uchhatrapati shivaji unezinkemba ezintathu okulandelayo i bhavani talwar kg i tulja talwar kg ijagdamba talwar kg bhavani talwar enye yezinkemba ze kwakungubhavani talwar yayinesiphiwo ukrishnaji sawant indodana ka ambaji sawant kumaharaj shivaji inesisindo esingu kg tulja talwar kwakuyinkemba leyo eyayiphiwe nguyise njengodumo isisindo sayo singama kgs okushiwo njengokusesha nezingxoxo zomlobi jagdamba talwar ushivaji maharaj wayedinga izinkemba eziningi zamasosha abo ngakho ke wayala a abantu abenze inkemba basespain ngokubathole inani elikhulu lokuhleleka abenzi benkemba basespain bamphathisa inkemba wayiqamba ngokuthi ijagdamba talwar inesisindo esingu kgs kepha abukho ubufakazi obufanele bukhona mayelana nesisindo senkemba igama lehhashi ushivaji elisetshenzisiwe njengoba wonke umuntu efuna ukwazi ngehhashi elalisetshenziswa yinkosi ushivaji nalu ulwazi ngamahhashi asetshenziswa ushivaji maharaj u advocate u bhimthadi wasebenzisa umbutho owaziwa nangokuthi yi deccan zohlobo lwamahhashi kanye namahhashi ase arabhiya ibutho lamahhashi lika lalaziwa ngokuthi ibargi ushivaji maharaj wasebenzisa amahhashi ayisikhombisa eminyakeni yawo engama igama lamahhashi limi kanje i ranbir i krishna isihlalo sobukhosi sikashivaji maharaj isihlalo sobukhosi segolide se sinesisindo samathani ayi kuhlanzekile igolide ngaphandle kwalokhu isihlalo sobukhosi sibuye sibe namagugu amaningi ayigugu qaphela wagcotshwa njengenkosi yasemaratha kingdom ngo umlando wosuku lweriphabhulikhi ukufa of ushivaji wayegula esigabeni sakhe sokugcina futhi enomkhuhlane nohudo a isifo esinesifo sohudo esinegazi nangama ephreli eneminyaka engama yena ushone ngenxa yokugula ngaphambi kwehanuman jayanti unkosikazi wakhe omkhulu uputalibai uzibophezele kwi sati ngokugxuma emngcwabeni we inombolo yokuhlonza imoto i vin iyikhodi ehlukile kufaka phakathi inombolo ye serial esetshenziswa ngumkhakha wezimoto ukukhomba izimoto ngazinye izimoto ezihuduliwe izithuthuthu izithuthuthu kanye ne mopeed njengoba kuchazwe ku iso okuqukethwe nesakhiwo naku iso indawo nokunamathiselwe ama vin asetshenziswa okokuqala ngo e united states kusukela ngo kuya ku yayingekho indinganiso eyamukelekayo kulezi zinombolo ngakho abakhiqizi abahlukile basebenzise amafomethi ahlukile ngo ngesicelo sikahulumeni wase us abakhiqizi bezimoto basemelika kanye nenhlangano yezimoto abakhiqizi babamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kohlelo olusha lokumaka izinombolo olwalubizwa ngokuthi yi vehicle idicationication number vin ngenqubo yokuvumelana eyatholakala futhi yafihlwa umaki we chassis wale vin kuze kube yileso sikhathi amazwe abesebenzisa inombolo yenjini ukubhalisa nokubeka izimoto nezinqola namaloli okuye kwaba yinkinga uma ngabe injini ithathelwa indawo eyayivamile ngaleso sikhathi ngo inational highway traic safety administration yase united states yalinganisa ifomethi bekudinga ukuthi zonke izimoto ezisendleleni zithengiswe ukuthi zibe ne vin enezinhlamvu eziyi ezingafaki izinhlamvu o o i i no q q ukugwema ukudideka ngezinombolo no kunezinsizakalo zomlando wezimoto emazweni ambalwa ezisiza abanikazi bezimoto abangahle basebenzise ama vin ukuthola izimoto ezingenasici noma ezibhaliwe ukusebenza kwamadivaysi eselula asebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwe android uhlelo olusetshenziswa kakhulu lweselula emhlabeni jikelele lungandiswa ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza isoftware ekhethekile eyenzelwe ukunika abasebenzisi izindlela zokusebenzisa amadivaysi abo ngezinjongo ezithile ezingeziwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinjalo zihlanganiswa ngefomethi yefayela le apk yomdabu ye android evumela ukusatshalaliswa kalula kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kubasebenzisi bokugcina iningi lezinhlelo zokusebenza lisatshalaliswa nge google play store kepha izakhi eziningi zesoftware noma ezitolo zezinsiza zikhona izitolo zohlelo lokusebenza ezingezinye zisebenzisa inketho yemithombo engaziwa yamadivayisi we android ukufaka amafayela we apk ngqo ngesiphathi sephakheji se android isitolo segoogle play isitolo segoogle play ekuqaleni imakethe ye android esisebenza futhi sithuthukiswa yigoogle sisebenza njengesitolo esisemthethweni sohlelo lokusebenza lwe android sivumela abasebenzisi ukulanda izinhlelo zokusebenza ezenziwe ngekhithi yokuthuthukisa isoftware ye android sdk futhi ishicilelwe ngegoogle isitolo sinikezela ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zamahhala nezikhokhelwayo izinhlelo zokusebenza ezixhaphaza amandla we hardware wedivayisi zingabhekiswa kubasebenzisi bamadivayisi anezici ezithile zekhompiyutha njengezinzwa ezinyakazayo zemidlalo encike kokuhamba noma ikhamera ebheke phambili ngokubiza ividiyo nge inthanethi isitolo se google play saba nezilandi ezingaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama zokulanda ngo futhi sifinyelele kwizinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezi ezishicilelwe ngonyaka we yize ihlanganiswe namadivayisi amaningi we android isitolo se google play sitholakala kuphela kumadivayisi aqinisekisiwe ngaphakathi kwe android ukuvumelana uhlelo ngenxa yalokho abakhiqizi bokubizwa nge roms yangokwezifiso i e izinguqulo eziguquliwe ze android azivunyelwe ukufaka inqwaba yezinhlelo zokusebenza ze google kufaka phakathi i google play isitolo ngesoftware yazo ukuvumelana kungabuyiselwa ngokufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza ze google kusuka komunye umthombo njenge opengapps noma ngokusebenzisa ezinye izitolo zohlelo lokusebenza izitolo zokusebenza zomkhiqizi ngokungeziwe kwabanye abakhiqizi abenzi izinhlobo ezihambisanayo eziqinisekisiwe ze android abanye abakhiqizi banqume ukuhlanganisa izitolo zabo zohlelo lokusebenza kungaba ngokungezelela ku google play isitolo noma esikhundleni sokunye izitolo ezinjalo zohlelo lokusebenza zifaka i samsung galaxy store efakwe kumadivayisi eselula e samsung eceleni kwe play store ne amazon appstore efakwe esikhundleni se play store ku amazon s fire ucingo ne kindle fire e india isitolo se samsung galaxy sisebenza sinikwa amandla yi indus app bazaar futhi sinikeza ulwazi lwasendaweni ngezilimi eziyi zamandiya kubo bonke abasebenzisi bazo i amazon appstore ingafakwa nakwamanye amadivaysi e android ngokulanda kusuka kuwebhusayithi ye amazon izitolo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle izitolo zohlelo lokusebenza ezincike ekuthini zifakwe kuqala ngumkhiqizi zikhona izibonelo eziphawulekile zifaka i aptoide f droid getjar slide me imakethe yasemogengen i itch io ne uptodown izitolo ezinjalo zohlelo lokusebenza zivame ukusetshenziswa ngabathuthukisi ukusabalalisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingavunyelwe ku google play isitolo ngokwesibonelo ngoba zivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafinyelele kakhulu kusistimu noma banikele ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zabasebenzisi be niche njenge software yamahhala neyomthombo ovulekile kuphela f droid noma imidlalo ye indie itch io futhi zingasebenza ukusabalalisa izinhlobo ezifakwe kuma computer zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikhokhelwe mahhala isizathu sokusebenzisa ezinye izitolo zohlelo lokusebenza ezingezinye abanye abasebenzisi bakhetha ukusebenzisa ezinye izitolo zohlelo lokusebenza ukugwema ukusebenzisa izinsizakalo ze google njengengxenye yefilosofi yabo izitolo zohlelo lokusebenza ezihlukile zingase futhi kube lula ukuzulazula kubasebenzisi futhi zivumele ukuthola izinhlelo zokusebenza kalula ngenxa yama algorithms ahlukile noma ukuboniswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kodwa abasebenzisi abasebenzisa izitolo zohlelo lokusebenza lomuntu wesithathu noma i google play ngeke baqiniseke ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza abazifakayo kuhlolwe amagciwane we malware noma awekhompyutha i democratic alliance da yiqembu lezepolitiki laseningizimu afrika kanye neqembu eliphikisayo eliphambili kwi african national congress ebusayo iqembu njengamanje liholwa ngujohn steenhuisen okwesikhashana iqembu lelo libusa ntshonalanga kapa kanye nomasipala abaningana e ningizimu afrika yonkana iphathi likhululekile futhi likhulu kakhulu ililunga leliberal international ne africa liberal network i da isusa izimpande zayo ekusungulweni kweqembu eliphikisana nobandlululo ngonyaka we ngokuhlangana okuningi kanye nokushintshwa kwamagama phakathi kwalesosikhathi nokwamanje iqembu ledemocratic party nenew national party lahlangana ukwenza ida emuva ngo nokho ida ibikade inezindlela eziningi utony leon ubengumholi wokuqala we da wasebenza kuze kube ngu lapho alandelwa nguhelen zille uzille uthathe umhlalaphansi njengomholi ngonyaka ka kwathi ummusi maimane wangena esikhundleni sakhe waba ngumholi wokuqala omnyama we da umaimane washiya isikhundla ngo kwathi ujohn steenhuisen wangena esikhundleni sakhe u abel azcona madrid ephreli ungumdwebi wasespain okhethekile ezenzweni zobuciko umsebenzi wakhe ngokubukwa okumakwe kwe autobiographical uboniswa emithonjeni yezobuciko azalwe ngokusebenza futhi ziphenduke ukufakwa izazi zokubhala ubuciko bevidiyo ukudweba noma ukubhala and video art ngemibhalo ebhaliwe kusukela nokulingwa ukuze ematheksthi etemibhalo noma isikhumbuzo imisebenzi yakhe yyokuqala yayiqondene nobuntu uqobo udlame kanye nemikhawulo yobuhlungu ivela emisebenzini yesimo esibucayi sepolitiki nakwezenhlalo umsebenzi wakhe ukhonjisiwe kwimibukiso nemipheme emhlabeni jikelele ethola ukubonwa kwamazwe omhlaba evenice arsenal e asia art biennale edhaka nasetaipei elyon biennial the bogot museum of modern art umkhosi wezizwe ukusebenza kwe miami noma i bangladesh live art biennial ngaphezu kwalokho i azcona ikhona eminyuziyamu eyahlukene kazwelonke nakwamanye amazwe kanye nezikhungo zamasiko ezifana nemalaga center for contemporary art museum of modern art ebogot art league houston museum u leslie lohman wasenew york noma i crculo de bellas artes emadrid umnyuziyamu wecontemporary art kabogot wanikezela umbukiso owenziwe kabusha ngo ubuchwepheshe obugqokile ogqokayo ubuchwepheshe bemfashini ubuciko bezinto zobuchwepheshe noma imishini yama elekthronikhi ngamadivayisi we elekthronikhi smart idivaysi ye elekthronikhi ene micro controlers egqoke eduze noma noma ebusweni besikhumba lapho bethola khona bahlaziye futhi bedlulise imininingwane mayelana isib amasignali womzimba anjengezimpawu ezibalulekile kanye noma idatha esetshenziswayo futhi evumela kwezinye izimo ngokushesha i biofeedback kulowo ogqokile amadivayisi agqokiwe njengama trackers womsebenzi ayisibonelo se intanethi yezinto ngoba izinto ezifana ne elekthronikhi isoftware izinzwa nokuxhumeka ziyizisebenzi ezinika amandla izinto ukushintshanisa idatha kufaka phakathi ikhwalithi yedatha olunye ucezu lwangaphambi kobuchwepheshe olwemukelwa ngaphambi kwesimanje kwaba iwashi lokubala elethulwa ngawo s ubuchwepheshe obabugqokwa ngisho nangaphambilini babusizo lokuzwa ngo i design design yefashini i cutecircuit yaveza umqondo ngo elekhthronikhi oxhumeke kwi bluetooth obizwa nge hugshirt ku cyberart festival ebilbao spain lapho wawina khona umklomelo omkhulu emkhosini i hugshirt eyenzelwe ukudlulisa ucingo ngokudlula kude ngebanga ihlukile kuzibonelo zobuchwepheshe bokuqala obugqokekayo isib amawashi noma ukwakheka kwezigqoko zezigqoko zekhompiyutha egqokekayo ngo s ngoba umkhiqizo ungubuchwepheshe bokuqala obugqokekayo obathatha isimo sendwangu yokugqoka njengoba kunje iyingxenye yokuqala yezambatho ezixhunyiwe kwi bluetooth nezixhunywe kwi inthanethi lo mkhiqizo ufakiwe kumagazini okhethekile we best inuction of the year wephephabhuku ngo u ilya fridman wafaka imakrofoni efihliwe ye bluetooth endlebeni yamacici cishe ngasikhathi sinye kwavela ispy tie intambo emfushane yentambo enekhamera yombala efihliwe imclear nefitbit yizinkampani zokuqala ezimbili zobuchwepheshe ukuthuthukisa izinto zokugqoka zesimanje zokusetshenziswa kwabathengi abaningi hhayi ngemikhiqizo yokuqagela ye future future imclear namuhla isengomunye wabaholi esikhaleni sokufaka amandla ekhompiyutha yaqala ucwaningo nentuthuko kuma smartwatches yasungula indandatho ehlakaniphile ngo futhi yasungulwa ngabasunguli be elekthronikhi abasebenza ngogesi ujoe prencipe nojohn mclear ufitbit ukhiphe i counter step yakhe yokuqala ngasekupheleni kuka imikhiqizo ye fitbit igxile ikakhulu ekulandeleleni umsebenzi ufitbit manje ungumnikazi wama alfabhethi futhi akasaseyona inkampani ezimele yokugqoka enobuchwepheshe eminyakeni elandelayo ama smartwatches aqala ukukhishwa yizinkampani ezinkulu ze elekthronikhi nangokuqala okusha omunye weminikelo yokuqala kwakuyi samsung galaxy gear ngosepthemba i apple ilandele isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nge apple watch ngo ephreli ngojanuwari ibhizinisi elincane i empatica lithole imvume yokuqala ye fda ye smartwatch yabo kwi neurology i embrace eqapha futhi isexwayisa ngokuxhuga okuyisimanga ngenkathi futhi ibona nezinyathelo nokulala ngo u oculus wethula umkhankaso we kickstarter ukuqala ukuthengisa i headset engokoqobo yabathengi bangempela ngo inkampani i htc yakhipha isizukulwane esisha samahedisethi we vr evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bahambe ngokukhululeka ngaphakathi kwendawo ebonakalayo kusuka ngo ujennifer healey norosalind picard emit media lab baklama bakha futhi bakhombisa ukuqoqwa kwemininingwane nokwenza izinqumo kusuka kokugqoka okuqaphele idatha eqhubekayo yomzimba kusuka kogqokile lezi zicucu ubucwebe nezesekeli zokugqoka ziqoqe imininingwane ehlobene nesimo sokuxhumana namakhamera alawulwayo namanye amadivaysi ngo abakwasony ericsson bahlangana nelondon college of fashion kumncintiswano wokwakha izembatho zedijithali owinile bekungubo yokudla e cocktail enobuchwepheshe be bluetooth okwenza kube lula lapho kukholwa ucingo uzach hoeken smith wodumo lwemotbot wenza ibhulukwe lekhibhodi ngesikhathi semhlangano yokuqothula imfashini enhlanganweni yokuqamba enew york city i tyndall national institute e ireland yathuthukisa ipulatifomu yokuqapha yeziguli engabonakali ukuthi isetshenziswe kanjani eyayisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ikhwalithi yedatha ekhiqizwe izinzwa zeziguli nokuthi abasebenzisi bokugcina bangavuma kanjani ubuchwepheshe muva nje inkampani yezemfashini eselondon i cutecircuit idale izingubo zomculi ukaty perry obenezibane ze led ukuze izingubo zishintshe umbala zombili ngesikhathi sesiteji nokubonakala kukhaphethi obomvu ngo i cutecircuit yakha ingubo yokuqala emhlabeni ukufaka ama tweets njengoba egqokwa ngumculi unicole scherzinger ngo abafundi abaphothule etisch school of arts enew york baklama i hoodie eyayithumela imiyalezo yangaphambi kohlelo ebangelwa ukunyakaza komzimba cishe ngasikhathi sinye kwaqala ukuvela ama prototypes ezinwele ezidijithali ezinamakhanda phezulu hud amasosha ase us asebenzisa i headgear enezibonisi zamasosha asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obizwa nge holographic optics ngo i google yaqala ukukhulisa ama prototypes esibonisi sayo esibekwe phezulu se google glass esangena kwi beta yekhasimende ngomashi endaweni yabathengi ukuthengiswa kwama smart wristbands ama aka task trackers afana nejawbone up nefitbit flex kuqale ukushesha ngo umuntu oyedwa kwabayisihlanu basemelika unedivayisi egqokekayo ngokusho kombiko we pricewaterhousecoopers wearable future report kusukela ngonyaka we ukwehla kwezindleko zamandla wokusebenza nezinye izinto bekuhlinzeka ukwamukelwa nokwanda kokutholakala kwezemidlalo ezobuchwepheshe ubuchwepheshe obugqokekayo bunezicelo zokuqapha kanye nempendulo yesikhathi sangempela sabadlali izibonelo zobuchwepheshe obudlekayo kwezemidlalo zifaka ama accelerometer ama pedometer nama gps angasetshenziswa ukukala izindleko zembaleki namandla iphethini yokunyakaza ukubhoboza izindebe kuwuhlobo lokubhoboza umzimba olungena ezindebeni noma endaweni ezungeze izindebe olungabhobozwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene isikhathi sokuphulukisa esiseduze kakhulu sokubhoboza izindebe eziningi siphakathi kwezinyanga ezi nezingu kodwa ke kungenzeka ukuthi kube khona ukutheleleka okungathi sna uma ukubhoboza kunganakekelwa kahle ngemuva kokupholisa sekuqediwe ezinye izinto zokuhloba zingasetshenziswa ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi izicubu ezithile zesilonda zingase zibe khona kepha i fistula ivame ukukhula ngokuphelele futhi iphiliswe kakhulu ngemuva kokuqukatha kuqukethe amasawoti anosawoti agcwele kabili kuya kathathu nsuku zonke ukufaka inxeba imizuzu emithathu kuya kwemihlanu ngesisombululo se saline esibuthakathaka kuthambisa noma yiliphi igazi ne lymph discharge enamathiselwe ubucwebe ngemuva kwalokho ukuthatha ishawa eshisayo bese usebenzisa izandla ezihlanzekile nenani elincane lensipho elithambile njengososawoti ongahluziwe kususa into eyeqile esizeni ukuguqula noma ukuhambisa ubucwebe ekubhobozeni okusha akululekwa ngoba kungacasula futhi kunwebe isikhathi sokudumba nokwelashwa isisombululo esenziwe ngomlomo noma samanzi kasawoti singasetshenziswa futhi ngemuva kokudla kanye nokuxubha amazinyo ukusiza ukususa imfucumfucu nokukhipha ukubhoboza futhi kunconywa ngabasebenza ubucwebe bokuqala buvame ukuba yi labret stud noma iringi lobuhlalu elithunjiwe elenziwa kusuka ngensimbi engenasisekelo okuhlinza insimbi engenacala i titanium yokufakwa noma isisindo esilinganayo sensimbi akunandaba noma yiluphi uhlobo lobucwebe olusetshenziswayo ububanzi nobude bobucwebe buzokwandiswa ngamabomu ukuvumela isikhala sokuvuvukala kokuqala ngemuva kokuphulukiswa ubucwebe bungabekwa esikhundleni ngesiqeshana esiseduze isixazululo sosawoti esenziwe ekhaya esenziwe ngosawoti wasolwandle ongafakwanga iodod futhi namanzi ashisayo noma ahlanziwe ayindlela evamile yokwelapha ukubhoboza izindebe nokugwema ukutheleleka lesi sixazululo singasetshenziselwa ukukhipha umlomo ngemuva kokudla noma umlomo ungahashazwa ngokugeza okungewona otshwala okungahambisani nomlomo futhi ukuthoba ingaphandle lokubhoboza noma yini ephuza utshwala i peroxide i iodine noma iziphi insipho eziqinile kufanele zigwenywe ngoba zingaphazamisa ukubhoboza okusha futhi zidale ukuvuvukala okwengeziwe kanye nokuhlukumezeka ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphulukisa usebenzisa i peroxide i iodine i teatree oil insipho ejwayelekile ye antibacterial noma insipho yesitsha kungalimaza noma kubulale isikhumba ngaphakathi nokubhoboza kufinyelela inqubo yokupholisa ukusetshenziswa kwe hydrogen peroxide kungalimaza indawo yokubhoboza kakhulu kuholele ekucasukeni ukubhobozwa umhlobiso kufanele uhlanzwe ngezikhathi ezithile ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana kwamagciwane ukubhoboza izindebe kungabekwa noma kuphi lapho kuzanywa khona umlomo kepha ingaphezulu lesindebe ayijwayelekile ukubhobozwa uqobo ngaphandle kokubhoboza izindebe ezivundlile nokulimala kwe canine ukubhoboza ezikhundleni ezithile kunamagama athile isibonelo ukubhobozwa kukamonroe ama labret ama labret agqokwa kwi lip ephezulu lapho umilyn monroe ayenophawu lwayo lobuhle oludumile ukubhoboza imedusa kudabula enkabeni yezindebe ezingaphezulu i philtrum kube yi perpendicular to the izicubu ukubhoboza ama labret kuhlatshwe nge labret stud futhi kungabhobozwa enkabeni noma ngaphandle kwesikhungo ukuhluka kwalokhu i lowbret ilebhu ephansi ukubhoboza ama labret aqondile kuhamba phakathi nendawo yelindebe elingaphansi kufane nezicubu ukuhluka kubizwa ngokuthi yi vertical lowbret eqala ngaphakathi komlomo phakathi komlomo ophansi namazinyo bese ihamba iqonde phansi iphuma onqenqemeni olungezansi lomhlathi ukubhoboza izindebe ezivulekile akuvamile kakhulu futhi kufaka phakathi umgoqo ovundlile ophikweni oluphansi ohamba ngaphezu kwendawo yezindebe okunye ukuhlukahluka kwelebhu kwaziwa ngokuthi ukubhoboza i dahlia ukubhobozwa okubekwe noma eduze kwamakhonkco omlomo kubizwe igama lokubulawa kweblack dahlia lapho umlomo wesisulu unqunywe khona kanye kulayini ofanayo lapho okubhobozwa khona lokhu bheka ukumamatheka kweglasgow amasiko ama precolumbian aseningizimu melika ayesebenzisa ukubhoboza izindebe ngomlomo okuthiwa yitembet ukubhoboza izindebe kuyaqhubeka ukwenziwa ngabantu abaningi ezaziwa kakhulu zazo zonke izizwe zase afrika ezigqoka amapuleti amakhulu noma ama disc okuhlobisa izindebe imvamisa ezindebeni eziphansi emphakathini wanamuhla ukubhoboza izindebe kuvame kakhulu ocwaningweni phakathi kwabasha nabadala bakwa israyeli ama abhoboze ukubhoboza umzimba noma okwedlule akufakwanga i earlobe i lip noma ukubhoboza umlomo no no ukubhoboza izindebe ezikhona noma ezedlule okubhoboza oral ngokulandelana ukubhoboza impumulo ukubhobozwa kwesikhumba noma i cartilage eyakha noma iyiphi ingxenye yempumulo imvamisa ngenhloso yokugqoka ubucwebe obubizwa ngokuthi i nose jewelry kwezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukene zokubhoboza impumulo ukubhoboza impumulo yikhona okuvame kakhulu ukubhoboza impumulo kunguhlobo lwesithathu oluvame kakhulu lokubhobozwa ngemuva kokubhobozwa kwe earlobe nokubhoboza izilimi kucashunwa edingekayo ukubhoboza unostril kuwumkhuba wokubhoboza umzimba ngenhloso yokugqoka ubucwebe kufana nokubhoboza impumulo okuyiwona ngokuyinhloko ohlotshaniswa kakhulu namasiko nemfashini yamandiya kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo futhi kutholakala kakhulu endiya pakistan bangladesh sri lanka nepal futhi kulo lonke elaseningizimu ngisho naseningizimu mpumalanga ye asia ukubhobozwa kukanostril kubuye kube yingxenye yesiko lendabuko lase australia lase australia namasiko ama ilocano isizwe ephilippines ngokuvela ukuvezwa kanye nokusakazeka kwemfashini namasiko amandiya ukubhoboza okungenamsoco emashumini eminyaka amuva nje sekuthandwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele njengoba kunezinye izindlela zokubhoboza umzimba ngemuva kwezinkomba namasiko wentsha alandelayo ngeminyaka yama s nama s okwamukele lokhu uhlobo lokubhoboza namuhla ukubhoboza kwempumulo kudumile emhlabeni obanzi kufaka phakathi iningizimu melika i united states of america icanada icaribbean i australia i afrika ijapan kanye ne europe kanti ukubhoboza kwenziwa ngakwesokunxele noma kwesokunxele kwamanye amasiko lokhu kwenziwa kumhlobiso kanti nakwabanye kuyimikhuba yenkolo ekuqaleni emelika lo mkhuba wawenzelwe ama subcultures futhi wabonwa ukuthi uhlotshaniswa nentsha encane ngo s ukubhoboza impumulo kwakuhlotshaniswa ngokuqondile nobucayi bobuzwe namuhla lo mkhuba usabalale kuleli qembu emelika futhi emhlabeni wonke usaqhubeka usetshenziselwa izizathu eziningi naphezu kokuba kusabalele lokhu kubhoboza kusaxhunyaniswa nemininingwane engemihle isibonelo ocwaningweni olwenziwe embonini yezihambi ama abaphathi abaqashiwe athi ukubhoboza kanye nama tattoos kuthinta ukubona kwabo okhethwayo kabi ngokomlando ku indian subcontinent ukubhoboza impumulo kwenziwa ngabesifazane kuphela kodwa ke ukwanda kwale ndlela sekudale ukuthi bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane babe nokubhoboza okungekho embonweni emhlabeni obanzi izinhlobo eziningana ezahlukahlukene zamasongo wasemakhaleni ziyatholakala phakathi kokuthandwa kakhulu yi loop i stud enovalwa nge l bar isudi evaliwe ngebhola kanye ne stud enokwethenjwa okuyisicaba endiya ingaphandle lengxenye yomzimba wesobunxele ukukhonishwa okudingekayo yisikhundla esithandwayo sokubhobozwa lokhu kulandelwa abanye abantu abangama orlando futhi ngoba umuthi we ayurvedic uhlobanisa le ndawo nezitho zokuzala zabesifazane endiya njenganoma yimuphi omunye ubucwebe ukubhoboza ubucwebe nobucwebecwecwa kubhekwa njengophawu lobuhle nokuma komphakathi kanye nokuhlonipha umhindu kuparvati unkulunkulukazi womshado ukubhoboza impumulo kusathandwa endiya nase subcontinent ukubhoboza imvamisa kuyingxenye ebalulekile yobucwebe bomshado basendiya emaharashtra abesifazane bagqoka izingcezu ezinkulu zekhala eziyinkimbinkimbi ezivame ukumboza umlomo noma uhlangothi lobuso lo mkhuba uvame kakhulu phakathi kwabesifazane basebangali nabesifazane baseningizimu indian abesifazane abangamatamil ngokwesiko bayihlaba ikhala labo lokunene amasiko amaningi ahambisana nawo abesifazane abaningi abavela e indian subcontinent bashiswa ngezikopelo zabo zekhala njengoba ubucwebe bususwa ngaphambi komngcwabo abafelokazi basendiya bavame ukukhipha izikopelo zempumulo zabo njengesibonakaliso senhlonipho ukubhoboza impumulo bekungavunyelwe ngokomthetho kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele emindenini eminingi yasekashmiris eyakwabutt idar ilone nemiri izinze epakistan njengoba ukubhoboza kwakhala kokhokho babo kuhlangene nabantu bezizukulwane zakudala zomphakathi wasekashmiri ukubhoboza impumulo kungabhalwa ngezikhathi zangaphambi kuka columbian kanye nelamakoloni kuyo yonke inyakatho neningizimu melika imikhosi eminingi yesimo ihlelwe ethempelini eliphezulu leballcourt enkulu echichin itza enye yalezi zinkundla umcimbi wokugobhoza impumulo okukhonjiswe enyakatho temple egumbini esikhundleni sokubonisa umhlatshelo ingqikithi ejwayelekile yemidwebo yasethempelini isithombe esiyisisekelo sikhonjiswa sihlose lokho okungenzeka ukuthi kuyisihluthulelo sethambo ukubhoboza ekhaleni lomfanekiso isiko lokugwazwa kwempumulo libonisa isimo esiphakeme salesi sibalo indawo yakhe emphakathini ifanekiselwa ukubhobozwa kwakhala ngokufanayo ukubhoboza impumulo kwakufanekisela isimo esiphakeme ecolombia maya amakhosi amabili aqavile u ajpop no ajpop k ama wakwak iche agwazwa ekhaleni endaweni ephakeme yomkhosi obabazekayo ngokufana nokugcotshwa kwenkosi umqhele ukubhoboza ekhaleni kwakukhombisa ubuholi babo obusha bukak iche e yucatan abahloli bamazwe u oviedo y valdes uherrera y tordesillas u diego de landa nojeronimo de aguilar bonke baphawula ukubhoboza ekhaleni okuhlukile abakuqaphele emayans nakwamanye amasiko eyucatan bebonke babika ukuthi amatshe ahlukene angaba nezincazelo ezihlukile ngaphakathi kwempucuko ngayinye ngaphezu kwalokho bakholelwa ukuthi ukufakwa nobukhulu obuhlukile nokwakheka kobuhlalu kungasho umphakathi othize umuntu avela kuwo abakwatoltec kwakukholakala ukuthi babhoboze i ala yempumulo eyayigcotshwe ngensimbi ngenkathi abakwameyi behlaba phakathi kwe septum futhi bekubandakanya ubuhlalu obukhulu kunokuba bube nobubanzi i septum yamanxeba udonga oluhlukanisa i cartilaginous phakathi kwamakhala ngokuvamile i cartilage ngokwayo ayihlatshwa kepha kunalokho igebe elincane eliphakathi kwenqobelo kanye nekhala lekhala kwesinye isikhathi elibizwa ngokuthi indawo emnandi ngokujwayelekile ku ga mm yize livame ukwelulwa kugeji enkulu usayizi lokhu kubhoboza kuphulukisa kungakapheli inyanga nengxenye kuya ezinyangeni ezintathu futhi kuya ngomuntu ngamunye kufanele welulwe ngu mm kuphela ngasikhathi futhi ulinde okungenani inyanga phakathi kokunwebeka kuyalulekwa kucashunwa edingekayo uma iphuzu elithile lidlulisiwe imvamisa cishe nge mm i cartilage iphoqelelwa iye phezulu kwempumulo engakwazi ungakhululeki izinhlobo eziningi zobucwebe zivame ukugqokwa ekubhobozeni i septum njengokuthi amasongo we bead ethumba cbrs izindandatho ezivala ngensimbi eboshwe maphakathi nokudonswa kwendandatho imishini ejikelezayo njengoba kukhonjisiwe esithombeni a umugqa oyindilinga onobuhlalu obhekelela kunoma iyiphi imiphetho i husk eyicezu lezinto eliqondile noma elakhiwe lakhiwe ngokujwayelekile emaphethelweni noma emaceleni kumapulangwe amakhulu wegeji abantu abaningi bakhetha ukugqoka ama plugs njengoba ama plugs engazinaki amakhala awo phansi okuwusizo ekuphulukiseni lesi silinganiso sivumela ukubhoboza ukuthi kungonakaliswa ukunyakaza okungazelelwe kobucwebecwebe enye inketho isitoreji septum esibunjiweyo lolu hlobo lokubhoboza impumulo kulula kakhulu ukulufihla lapho lufiswa ngokwesibonelo ukuhambisana nekhodi yokugqoka isilondolozi septum senza sikwazi ukuguqula ubucwebe buse ekhaleni ngaleyo ndlela sikufihle ngobucwebe obumnyama obufakwe emakhaleni lokhu kubhoboza kungenziwa kungabonakali imikhiqizo eyindilinga futhi ingafihlwa ngokuyicindezela ingemuva ekhaleni kepha ingahle ingakhululeki ukubhobozwa kwesumum kuwumkhuba odumile phakathi kwabadansi basesouth indian kuchipudi bharatnatyam naphakathi kwabantu bomdabu basemelika emlandweni abaholi bamashawnee utecumseh notenskwatawa ngokwesibonelo babenokubhoboza okunjalo ukubhobozwa kwe septum kuyathandwa emaphandleni asendiya enepal nasebangladesh endiya ukubhoboza okunjalo kubizwa ngokuthi yi nathori futhi kuthandwa nezinhlanga zamabanjara kanye nezizwe zakwa adivasi u lord krishna nozakwabo onguradharani bavame ukuboniswa begqoka izingcezu zekhala lika nathori abesifazane abangamabengali ngokwesiko babegqoka i nathori njengophawu lokuthi ungumfazi oshadile i nathori yayiba igolide nge teardrop eyayihamba eceleni kwendandatho abesifazane abaningi abanamabanga aphansi ezindaweni zasemakhaya zasebengal basaligcina leli siko lo mkhuba manje uyehla njengoba abesifazane abaningi bethanda izikopelo zempumulo eningizimu yenepal ukubhoboza i septum kusavamile abesifazane abaningi asebekhulile basahlobisa amakhala abo ngawo womabili amasongo e septum nawesokunxele abesifazane abaningi banezimbobo zegolide zegolide ukukhombisa isimo sabo senhlalo yobuzwe nenkolo emphakathini ecentral australia ukubhoboza impumulo kwakuphakathi nentuthuko yomfana endodeni i arunta isizwe esingumdabu ecentral australia isiko lokudlula komfana umkhosi wokudlulela waqala ngemiculo yokudansa futhi wakhula waba umfana wangena ekamu lamadoda futhi wafunda ukuzingela abafana bavame ukuba phakathi kweminyaka eyishumi nanye nantathu abesifazane ekuqaleni baphonsa umfana emoyeni abese enikezwa amadoda ukuba amjikijele emoyeni ukufanekisela umfana womuntu kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuye phambili umfana ufunda ukudoba izilwane ezinkulu ezidinga isethi yekhono lobuhlakani ezazingadingeki imidlalo emincane ngemuva kwesikhashana umthungo womlomo womfana wagwazwa wafakwa ngethambo nguyise noma umkhulu wakhe ukuthambisa ikhala ngokusho kwe aesthetics ngokufanayo uphawu lwamantombazane lokufika eminyakeni yobudala kwakugwazwa kwakhala kodwa kwenziwa ngumyeni wakhe ngemuva komshado ngokwesiko ukubhoboza kwakukhombisa isimo senhlalo somuntu kanye nelungelo labo lokuthola eminye imikhosi kwabesifazane kwabonisa amandla abo okuthola umyeni ngoba umyeni ubonisiwe ungumnini futhi ilungelo kumkakhe kwabesilisa kwethula umfana manje njengendoda nendawo yakhe emphakathini enamadoda wayengaseyena neze wezingane nabesifazane abamkhulisayo ngaphezu kwalokho manje wayesenelungelo lemikhosi efana nokusoka nokuzithoba kanye nesikhundla esiphakeme emphakathini i septum noma i pua septum udonga lwe cartilaginous oluhlukanisa emakhaleni amabili i cartilage nokho imvamisa ayihlatshwa umucu omncane wesikhumba esithambile kakhulu futhi oguquguqukayo phakathi kwe cartilage nangaphansi kwempumulo lapho ukubhoboza i septum kwenziwa kakhulu ukubhoboza isikhumba esikhundleni se cartilage kungabunciphisa kakhulu ubuhlungu kanye nezinye izinto ezihlukumezeka ezihambisana nalolu hlobo lokugwazwa komzimba lokhu kubhoboza kufanele kwenziwe ngenaliti kuphela ngokuphathelene nobucwebecwebe izindandatho ze bead ezithunjiwe i barbells eyindilinga ama plugs ama tile ama curls kanye ne septum retainers zingasetshenziswa ezinye izinsimbi ezisetshenziselwa izindandatho zempumulo ziphephile kepha zingadala i allergies noma uzwela ingozi yokutheleleka ngegciwane nayo ikhona echibini lokubhukuda izidumbu zamanzi nokugeza zonke izinhlobo zokubhobozwa komzimba kufaka phakathi ukubhoboza i septum kuhlotshaniswa nengozi yokuthola izifo ezithile ezibangwa yigazi njenge hepatitis kusuka ezinalwaneni nasezihlolweni zokubhoboza ezisetshenziswa inqubo le ngozi ingancishiswa ngokwenza ukuthi ukubhobozwa kwenziwe ngumbhobozi ohlonishwayo futhi uqiniseke ukuthi lowo obhoboza usebenzisa izinaliti ezingasebenzisi loyedwa kuphela ingozi elandelayo ejwayelekile ehambisana cishe nazo zonke izinhlobo zokubhoboza ubungozi bokutheleleka nobuhlungu lezi zingqinamba zingancishiswa kakhulu uma ukubhoboza kwenziwa esikhunjeni esithambile futhi esiguquguqukayo esiphakathi kwe cartilage nangaphansi kwempumulo ngokuqondene nezingozi zokutheleleka ezithintekayo zingalawulwa ngokubhoboza okufanele ngemuva kokunakekelwa lokhu kubhoboza kwesinye isikhathi kungaholela ku heptoma ye septal ukulimala kwezicubu ezithambile ngaphakathi kwe septum okungaphazamisa imithambo yegazi kubangele ukunqwabelana kwegazi nokugeleza kwamanzi ngaphansi kolayini i nasal septum hematoma ingahle idale ukucinana kwamakhala futhi iphazamise ukuphefumula kanye nokubangela ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala uma singalashwa ngokushesha lesi simo ekugcineni singadala ukwakheka komgodi ku septum okuholele ekuxinaniseni kwamakhala kwesinye isikhathi leyo ngxenye yempumulo ingahle iwe iholele ekulimaleni kokugcoba okwaziwa ngokuthi ikhala lesidumbu ukubhobozwa kwebhuloho kufakwa esikhunjeni ngaphezulu kwakhala phakathi kwamehlo izithonjana ezingama curved kanye nama software aqondile yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kulokhu kubhoboza kanti izindandatho ezingenamthungo nezithunjwa azinconywa ukwenza ukubhobozwa kwebhuloho kuyingozi kakhulu kunezinye ukubhoboza ekhaleni kuvame ukuba nenkinga kuthutha futhi kubangele ukunqaphaza lapho kunganakekelwa kahle ukubhobozwa kwebhuloho kudinga ama anatomy acacisiwe kakhulu ukugcinwa ngokucophelela nokugcinwa futhi kaningi izinguquko eziningi zobucwebe ukubhobozwa kwebhuloho kufakwa engxenyeni emincanyana yebhuloho lekhala izicubu ezithambile ngaphezu kwe cartilage enzima kuvame ukubhobozwa ngenaliti engu yejiji kube nobucwebecwebe obuyi ngokuya ngokuthandwa yichobo kanye ne anatomy izinkampani eziningi ngokwengeziwe emsebenzini ziye zanekeka kakhulu ezindabeni ezinjengokubhoboza kanye nekhodi yokugqoka ukwemukelwa kokuguqulwa okwengeziwe komzimba kubonakaliswa ukuthi yinto eyejwayelekile emphakathini uma izinkampani zingazange ziqashe abasebenzi nge tattoo noma ukubhoboza impumulo inani labasebenzi besikhathi esizayo izinkampani abangaziqasha lizoba nomkhawulo isifo secoronavirus covid yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa ukuqina kokuphefumula kwe acute immune coronavirus sars cov lesi sifo saqala ukubonwa ngonyaka ka ewuhan inhloko dolobha yasechina ihubei futhi selusabalale umhlaba wonke okuholele ekutheni ubhubhane oluqhubekayo lwangonyaka ka ukuya ku lubone izimpawu ezijwayelekile zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane ukukhwehlela kanye nokuphefumula ezinye izinkomba zingafaka ubuhlungu bemisipha ukukhiqizwa kwesikhwehlela uhudo umphimbo obuhlungu ukulahleka kwephunga nobuhlungu besisu ngenkathi iningi lamacala liba nezimpawu ezithambile abanye bathuthukela ku pneumonia kanye nokwehluleka kwezitho eziningi ukusuka ngomhla zingama kundasa wezi isilinganiso sokushona kwenani ngalinye lamacala atholakele ngamaphesenti angama lisuka kumaphesenti angama laya kumaphesenti ayi ngokuya ngeminyaka yobudala nezinye izinkinga zempilo uma siqhathanisa inani lokufa kwabantu jikelele le flu yasespain ibicishe ibe yi iye ku leli gciwane lisakazeka ikakhulu ngesikhathi sokuxhumana okuseduze nangamaconsi omoya wokuphefumula akhiqizwa lapho abantu bekhwehlela noma bezela amaconsi okuphefumula kungenzeka akhiqizwe ngenkathi uphefumula kepha igciwane ngokuvamile alikho moya abantu bangaphinde banenkontileka ye covid ngokuthinta indawo engcolisiwe bese bebhekene nobuso babo kuyathathelana kakhulu uma abantu benophawu yize ukusakazeka kungenzeka ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale izimpawu igciwane lingaphila ezindaweni ezifika emahoreni angama isikhathi kusuka ekuchayweni nasekuqalisweni kwezimpawu ngokuvamile siphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbili neshumi nane ngokwesilinganiso sezinsuku ezinhlanu indlela ejwayelekile yokuxilonga is reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction rrt pcr from a nasopharyngeal swab ukutheleleka kungabuye kutholakale ngokuhlanganiswa kwezimpawu izici zobungozi kanye nokuhlolwa kwesifuba kwe ct okubonisa izici ze pneumonia izindlela ezinconyiwe zokuvimbela ukutheleleka zifaka ukugeza izandla njalo ukusakazeka emphakathini ukugcina ibanga elingokomzimba kwabanye ikakhulukazi kusuka kulezo ezinezimpawu ukumboza ukukhwehlela nokuthimula ngethiphu noma ngendololondo yangaphakathi nokugcina izandla ezingagezwanga kude nobuso ukusetshenziswa kwamamaski kunconywa kulabo abasola ukuthi banegciwane kanye nalabo ababanakekelayo izincomo zokusebenzisa imaski ngumphakathi ojwayelekile ziyahlukahluka kwezinye iziphathimandla ezincoma ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezinye zincoma ukusetshenziswa kwazo kanti ezinye zifuna ukusetshenziswa kwazo awukho umuthi wokugomela noma ukwelashwa okulapha okungelona iqiniso kwe covid ukuphatha kufaka ukwelashwa kwezimpawu ukunakekelwa kokusekela ukwahlukanisa nezindlela zokuhlola i world health organisation who imemezele ukuqubuka kwesimo esiphuthumayo sonyaka ka kuya ku kuqubuka impi yezempilo yomphakathi yezinkinga zomhlaba pheic ngomhlaka januwari kanye nobhubhane ngomhlaka mashi ukudluliselwa kwalesi sifo kule ndawo kubhalwe emazweni amaningi kuzo zonke izifunda ze who eziyisithupha labo abangenwe yileli gciwane kungenzeka babe njenge asymptomatic noma bahlakulele izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kubandakanya umkhuhlane ukukhwehlela ukukhathala kanye nokuphefumula izimpawu eziphuthumayo zifaka ubunzima bokuphefumula ukuphikelela kobuhlungu besifuba noma ingcindezi ukudideka ubunzima bokuvuka nobuso noma izindebe ezimnyama ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa ngokushesha kuyelulekwa uma lezi zimpawu zikhona ngaphansi ngokuvamile engenhla zokuphefumula izimpawu ezifana sneezing amakhala yisisu noma obukhulu emphinjeni kungabonwa izimpawu ezinjenge nausea ukugabha nohudo kuye kwabonwa ngamaphesenti ahlukahlukene amanye amacala e china aqale kuvezwa kuphela ngokuqina kwesifuba nangama palpitations ngo mashi kwaba nemibiko eveza ukuthi ukulahleka komqondo wokuhogela i anosmia kungaba uphawu olujwayelekile phakathi kwalabo abanesifo esibuthakathaka yize bekungajwayelekile njengoba kubikwe ekuqaleni kwezinye lesi sifo singathuthuka sibhekise amabele ukwehluleka kwezitho eziningi nokufa kulabo aba nezimpawu ezibucayi isikhathi kusuka ekuqaleni kokuqala kwesibonakaliso kuya kokudinga umoya omncane wezinsuku ngokuvamile izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili njengokwejwayelekile kwezifo kukhona ukubambezeleka phakathi komzuzu lapho umuntu etheleleke ngegciwane kanye nesikhathi lapho eba nezimpawu lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokufakwa isikhathi sokufakwa kwe covid ngokujwayelekile izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha kepha zingaqala ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezingu wabantu abahlakulela izimpawu bazokwenza lokho kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi zokutheleleka lesi sifo sidalwa yi acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus sars cov sisakazeka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu ngesikhathi sokuxhumana okuseduze nangeziqubu zokuphefumula ezivela ukukhwehlela nokuthimula ucwaningo oluphenya ngezinga lokuwohloka kwaleli gciwane alutholanga gciwane ngemuva kwamahora amane ithusi amahora angama ekhadibhodi amahora angama kusimbi engenacala kanye namahora angama epulasitiki kodwa ke amanani wokutholwa awafikanga ku futhi ahlukahluka phakathi kwenhlobo engaphezulu umkhawulo wokutholwa kwakungu tcid ilitha lomoya kuma aerosols i tcid nge millilita ephakathi yepulasitiki insimbi nekhadibhodi kanye no i tcid millilita ephakathi yethusi ukulinganiselwa kwezinga lokuwohloka ngemodeli yokubuyiselwa kwebayesian kusikisela ukuthi ama virus angahlala esebenza kuze kufinyelele emahoreni angama ethusi amahora angama ekhadibhodi amahora angama ngensimbi engenacala namahora angaphezu kwayikhulu epulasitiki leli gciwane laqhubeka lisebenza kuma aerosols sonke isikhathi sokuhlolwa amahora amathathu leli gciwane selitholakele nemijondolo futhi nokudluliselwa ngemijovo kuyacwaningwa lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokushesha lapho abantu besondelene khona noma behamba phakathi kwezindawo imikhawulo yokuhamba inganciphisa inombolo eyisisekelo yokuzala isuka ku iye ku ivumele ubhubhane ukuba luphathwe kakhudlwana lesi sifo asisakazeki ngezinto zezitolo ezinobizo lwe corona kuzo futhi imikhiqizo evela echina ayinasengozini yokusinikeza lesi sifo ucwaningo olwenziwa e elibukelayo abantu abayisishiyagalolunye abuthole ukudluliswa mpo kusuka kumama owayesanda kuzalwa isifo secoronavirus covid yisifo esitholakala lapho umuntu onegciwane le coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ethelela abanye abantu umuntu noma ngokuthinta izindawo ezihlangene negciwane bese uthinta amehlo ikhala noma umlomo imvamisa leli gciwane lisakazeka ngamaconsi okuphefumula adalwa lapho umuntu onegciwane ekhwehlela noma ethimula noma ngubani osondele ngokwanele ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi kumuntu othophayo noma okhophayo makhulu angatheleleka ngegciwane ngenye indlela umuntu angangenwa yileli gciwane ngokuthinta indawo ethelelekile bese ethinta amehlo akho izindlebe noma ikhala ngaphandle kokubulala amagciwane izandla zakho lesi sifo saqala ukukhonjwa ewuhan inhloko dolobha yesifundazwe sasehubei echina ngasekupheleni kuka kusukela lapho lesi sifo sisakazekele emhlabeni wonke ngomhlaka mashi i world health organisation yamemezela lesi sifo njengesifo ubhubhane yisifo esisakaze ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zomhlaba noma emhlabeni wonke amazwe athinteke kakhulu yileli gciwane athole amazinga okufa aphezulu nengcindezi enkulu ezinhlelweni zawo zezempilo umqondisi jikelele wenhlangano ebhekele ezempilo emhlabeni jikelele udkt tedros adhanom ghebreyesus waveza ukuthi lesi akusona isimo sezempilo esidlangalaleni nje kunenkinga ezothinta yonke imikhakha ngakho ke wonke umkhakha nawo wonke umuntu kumele abambe iqhaza ekulweni okwamanje kukhona njengaku meyi abantu abayi abahlole ngokuphelele i coronavirus eningizimu afrika amakhulu ayisithupha namashumi amane nantathu abulewe yilesi sifo kanti abantu abangama sebethole ukwelulama ngokuphelele ngokusho komnyango kazwelonke wezempilo ukuqagelwa kwamanje kulinganisela ukuthi leli gciwane lingathinta ama abantu baseningizimu afrika ngasikhathi sinye kodwa hhayi ngasikhathi sinye ukuvikela ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo izwe selibe ukuvalwa ngokusemthethweni kusukela ngomhlaka mashi ngaphezu kwalokho umengameli uramaphosa umemezele ngomhlaka mashi ukuthi abasebenzi bezempilo abayi bahlanganisiwe ukuhambela amakhaya bayohlola abantu ukuthi bathola leli gciwane izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zokutheleleka zibandakanya ukukhwehlela umkhuhlane ukukhathala kanye nokuphefumula ezinye izinkomba zingafaka izinhlungu zemisipha ukukhiqizwa komphimbo uhudo umphimbo obuhlungu ukulahleka kwephunga nobuhlungu besisu uma umuntu etheleleke nge coronavirus izimpawu zingavela ezinsukwini ezi kuye kwezingu ngemuva kokutheleleka kepha iningi labantu lizokhombisa izimpawu ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ngemuva kokutheleleka abantu abaningi bazokhombisa kuphela izimpawu eziphambile ezimweni ezinzima ukutheleleka kungaholela ebubini kanye nokuhluleka kwezitho izimpawu ezinkulu zidinga usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha abantu bangangenwa yileli gciwane futhi bangakhombisi zimpawu lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi yi asymptomatic noma umuntu onegciwane engakhombisi zimpawu uzothela abanye abantu ahlangana nabo lesi ngesinye sezizathu zokusabalala kwalesi sifo ngokushesha odokotela bavivinya i coronavirus ngokuthola i swab yamakhala kumuntu okusolwa ukuthi unalesi sifo lokhu kwaziwa njenge swab yesosopharyngeal lesi sifo singatholakala nange ct scan uma umuntu ehlolelwa ukuthi unegciwane uzolaliswa esibhedlela futhi ahlukaniswe nabantu abangenalo igciwane yize njengamanje lungekho ikhambi laleli gciwane abantu abaningi bazosinda kulesi sifo uma bethola ukwelashwa okufanele ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo kuvinjelwa ikakhulukazi ngokugcina ibanga elingokomzimba kwabanye abantu nokugwema izixuku noma izikhala ezigcwele abantu lokhu kwaziwa njengokuqhelelana komphakathi lapho ukuthintana kungavinjelwa khona kunconywa ukusebenzisa imaskhi yobuso noma ukumboza ukukhwehlela nokuthimisa ngethishu noma ngendololondo yangaphakathi kanye nokugqoka amagilavu we latex kuyanconywa ngokwengeziwe abantu kufanele bageze izandla zabo njalo ngensipho noma nge sanitizer esekwe utshwala okungenani imizuzwana engama ekugcineni abantu bayalwa ukuthi bangathinti ubuso babo ngezandla ezingagezwanga isithonjana sezithombe isingisi i photo booth wokuthengisa otholwa ngogesi noma i kiosk yesimanje ngekhamera ne processor yefilimu namuhla iningi lamadokodo wezithombe ledijithali ilungelo lokuqala lokuqanjwa kwamakhamera lafakwa ngo nguwilliam pope nobaltimore edward poole umshini wokuqala wokuthwebula owasebenza ngempela wawungumkhiqizi womqambi wasefrance u te enjalbert mashi kwakhonjiswa kwi world s fair eparis umthwebuli wezithombe wasejalimane umathew steffens wafaka isicelo selungelo lobunikazi ngomshini onjalo ngomeyi le mishini yokuqala yayingathembekile ngokwanele ukuba ikwazi ukuzimela ikhamera yokuqala ezenzakalelayo ephumelele kwezentengiso yayingu bosco enelungelo lobunikazi ngojulayi ngumqambi uconrad bernitt ehamburg yonke le mishini yokuqala yakhiqiza ama ferrotypes i automation automation yokuqala enenqubo engemihle neqondile yasungulwa ngucarl sasse umqondo wesimanje wesithombe sobumbano owatholwa u anatol josepho owafika erussia evela erussia ngo wayenekhethini indawo yokuqala yezithombe yavela ebroadway enew york ngo kwamasenti angama ikhabethe lalithatha izithombe eziyi lazithuthukisa futhi laziprinta kwathatha imizuzu eyi isetshenziswe ngabantu abangama ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala ngemuva kokuba kuvulwe ikhabethe kwasungulwa i photomaton company ukuhlalisa amakhabethe ezweni lonke ngomashi ujosepho wakhokha ama dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane futhi waqinisekisa amalungelo okushicilela asazowathola amadokodo amaningi wesithombe asetshenziselwa ubunikazi bezithombe bangumshini wemali osebenza nge othomathikhi enzelwe ukuphrinta izithombe ngefomethi ethile ehlangabezana nezidingo zesithombe sepasipoti amakhophi amaningi angaphrintwa ukuze asindise abasebenzisi ukuze bawasebenzise ngokuzayo ngokwesiko amadokodo ezithombe anesihlalo noma ibhentshi lapho kuzohlala khona umphathi oyedwa noma ababili abathwebuliwe ngokuvamile isihlalo sizungezwe ikhethini ukuvumela ubumfihlo futhi uvimbele ukuphazanyiswa kwangaphandle ngesikhathi somhlangano wesithombe ngemuva kokukhokha isithabathaba sezithombe sithatha uchungechunge lwezithombe kepha iningi lamadokodo wanamuhla lingathatha isithombe esisodwa liphrinte uchungechunge lwezithombe ezifanayo ama tags wezithombe ezenziwe ngejapan noma imishini yokuphrinta yezithombe iyindawo ekhethekile yezithombe ekhiqiza izitika zezithombe ngenkathi ijapan isaduma kakhulu basakazekela etaiwan esouth korea ehong kong esingapore emalaysia philippines china vietnam nasethailand e asia bangeniswa nase australia abanye bebeqala ukuvela e usa nasecanada yize kungashiyanga lutho e europe ngenkathi kwethulwa maphakathi nawo s ejapan i purikura ibhekisa kummephu wethegi wesithombe noma womkhiqizo wesithombe imishini yepurikura yasungulwa ukuphendula intshisekelo yabesifazane abasebancane ezithombeni nakwizitika umdlwane yinja encane eminye imidlwane ingaba nesisindo esingu kg lb kanti yona emikhulu ingahle ibe nesisindo esingama kg lb yonke imidlwane enempilo ikhula ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa umbala wejazi lomdlwane ungashintsha njengoba imveku ikhula njengoba kuvame ukubonakala ezinhlotsheni ezinjengej yorkshire terrier i puppy ibhekisisa ngqo ezinjeni ezincane ngenkathi imidlwane ingahle isetshenziselwe ezinye izilwane ezinjengezimpisi uphawu izindlulamthi izingulube ezisegazini amagundane noma oshaka izalelwe ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama zokumitha imidlwane ivela emgodini olunywe bese idliwe yinja yenja izingane ziqala ukuncela ngokushesha uma udoti udlula imidlwane eyisithupha ikakhulukazi uma kunamamaki eyodwa noma amaningi asobala ukungenelela komuntu ekondleni imidlwane enamandla kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abagijimayo bathola ukondliwa okufanele nokunakwa okuvela kumama njengoba zifinyelela inyanga eyodwa yobudala imidlwane kancane kancane ilunyulwa bese iqala ukudla ukudla okuqinile umama angahle akhiphe ukudla okugaywe ngokwengxenye noma akuyeke kudle okuqinile umama uvama ukwenqaba ngalesi sikhathi yize kwesinye isikhathi angavumela ukuba anikeze induduzo ekuqaleni imidlwane isebenzisa isikhathi sayo esiningi sokulala nokuphumula kokudla ngokwemvelo bahlanganisa ndawonye babe yinqwaba futhi bakhathazeke uma behlukaniswa nokuxhumana nabantu ababambele nabo kude nebanga elifushane imidlwane izalwa inomqondo osebenza ngokugcwele wephunga bahluleka ukuvula amehlo abo emavikini abo okuqala izinzwa zezinyaneve zonke zikhula ngokushesha ngalesi sigaba ekhaleni kungumqondo oyinhloko osetshenziswa imidlwane ukuthola izifuba zikanina futhi kutholakale ababambeli bazo uma behlukaniswa buqamama imidlwane ivula amehlo ayo cishe ezinsukwini eziyisishiyagalolunye kuya kwezilishumi nanye emva kokuzalwa ekuqaleni ama retinas abo athuthukiswe kabi futhi umbono wabo mubi imidlwane ayikwazi ukubona kanye nezinja ezindala ngaphezu kwalokho izindlebe zezimveku zihlala zivalwe kuze kube cishe ezinsukwini eziyishumi nantathu kuya kweziyishumi nesikhombisa emva kokuzalwa emva kwalokho ziphendule ngokwengeziwe emisindo phakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamane imidlwane iqala ukuquma ilume igobise imisila yayo namagxolo imidlwane ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu phakathi kwezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuba amehlo nezindlebe zivulekile futhi ayisancike kunina ngokuphelele ukuxhumana namandla abo kuyathuthuka bavele kanye nabashonile bese beqala ukuhlola umhlaba ngaphandle kwesidleke badlala imidlalo yokulwa ukujaha ukubusa nemidlalo yokulwa impi imidlwane iyizilwane ezinenhlalo kakhulu futhi zichitha amahora amaningi okuvuka kwayo zisebenzisana nonina noma ilitha lapho imidlwane ihlotshaniswa nabantu ikakhulukazi phakathi kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili neshumi nambili bakhulisa amakhono okuhlala nabantu lezo ezingatholi ukuthula okwenele ngalesi sikhathi zingakhombisa indlela ezesabekayo ezungeze abantu noma ezinye izinja njengabantu abadala isikhathi esikhulu sokuhlangana komphakathi siphakathi kwamasonto ayisishiyagalombili nambili abaqeqeshi bezilwane abaqeqeshiwe kanye ne american kennel club yeluleka imidlwane kufanele ingeniswe kubantu abayi ngamaviki ayi futhi ihlangane nabantu abaningi nezindawo ezahlukahlukene i cannabis yaseningizimu afrika igunyazwe yinkantolo yomthethosisekelo wezwe ukuthi isetshenziswe ngabantu abadala ngasese kodwa ke imithetho eyenqabela ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala yomuntu yangasese nokuthenga nokuthengisa i cannabis isahleli njengoba imithethonqubo emelene nokuthengwa kwemikhiqizo equkethe i cannabis isaqhubeka ukusebenza kubuye kungacaci ukuthi lesi sinqumo singasebenza kanjani ngaphambi kokuthi kuvinjelwe ukwenqatshelwa kwesitshalo ngo abameli babecindezela uhulumende ukuthi aguqule imithetho yawo eyayiqale yavimbela i cannabis ngo ukuvumela ukuxolelwa kokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha imikhuba yezenkolo nezinye izinhloso i dagga iphimbo afrikaans pronunciation igama lesibhunu elivame ukubhekiselwa kulo kwelecannabis lisuselwa kwelesikhoikhoi elithi dacha elalisetshenziswa izifiki zokuqala zaseyurophu ezazingamakholoni entshonalanga kapa icannabis kucatshangwa ukuthi yethulwe e afrika ngabadayisi bokuqala base arab noma basendiya yayisivele isetshenziswa kakhulu eningizimu afrika ngabomdabu amakhoisan namabantu ngaphambi kokuhlala kwabantu eyurophu ekapa ngonyaka ka futhi ngokwesiko ayesetshenziswa ama basotho ukudambisa ukuzala izingane ngokuya kombhali uhazel crampton izindlela zokupheka zakudala ze afrikaner zokwenza itiye nokudla zikhona ezisebenzisa isitshalo ukusetshenziswa kwesitshalo kwakuhlotshaniswa nemiphakathi yendabuko yase afrika kanye nesimo somnotho esiphansi ucwaningo lwelongitudinal olwenziwe yimedical research council mrc lubika ukuthi isibalo sabasebenzisi be cannabis eningizimu afrika sasiyizigidi eziyi ngonyaka wezi nezigidi eziyi ngonyaka ka ngo i interpol ilinganise iningizimu afrika njengomkhiqizi wesayensi we cannabis wesine emhlabeni futhi i institute for security study yabika ukuthi iningi labantu abanjwe e uk futhi okwesithathu emhlabeni jikelele banemvelaphi yaseningizimu afrika isingeniso kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili zobhejane eningizimu afrika umkhombe ubhejane omhlope ceratotherium simum nobhejane omnyama diceros bicornis le mibala ayachazi obhejane babili bampunga ngokumlando ulimi lwesibhunu ibiza ubhejane omhlope ngokuthi weid lips okungukuthi ubhejane onezindebe ezibanzi amangisi akaqondanga ukuthi leli gama weid lithini acabanga ukuthi lithi white abanye abantu babiza lobhejane ngokuthi square lipped rhinoceros bese ukuthi omnyama bawubize nge hook lipped rhinoceros ubhejane omnyama unegama le ngoba maqondana nobhejane omhlope izinhlobo zobhejane zahlukene kakhulu kukhona obhejane omhlope obizwa ngokuthi imikhombe imikhombe ithanda ukuhlala kanye kanye futhi banezinhliziyo ezinkulu obhejane obunyama bahlala bodwa futhi kulula ukubathukuthelisa imikhonde inamakhanda amakhulu futhi aphansi amawundlu abo ahlukene futhi amawundlu yemikhombe igijima phambi kunina amawundlu yobhejane omnyama igijima emuva kunina isikhungo ngokumlando babebaningi obhejane e afrika kodwa abantu base asia nase middle east bafuna kakhulu izimpondo zabo bakholwa ukuthi lezi zimpondo ziwamuthi wokusiza amadoda anamandla baningi obhejane ababulawa ngoba abantu befuna ukunquma izimpondo zabo namhlanje obhejane bambalwa bahlala ekenya etanzania naseningizimu afrika nasezimbabwe nasenamibia obhejane bonke bahlala eziqiwini manje abantu bayabazingela nxa beqile eziqiwini abanye bahlala eningizimu afrika kwazulu natal imikhombe ithanda ukuhlala ehlanzeni kodwa obhejane omnyama bahlala kahle emahlathini ukudla abakudlayo imikhombe idla utshani kanti ubhejane omnyama udla amakhasi emithi izindebe zabo ziyabasiza uma bedla izindebe zibanzi zisiza ukudla utshani kanti futhi izindebe zondile ukusiza obhejane ukunqampuna amakhasi bonke obhejane bathanda kwamanzi kodwa bangahlala izinsuku eziningi amanzi engekho obhejane namasiko amazulu obhejane bakhona ezinganekwaneni zamazulu futhi babalulekile kakhulu namhlanje emasikweni amazulu ngoba kukhona obhejane babili baningi bahlalayo endaweni zamazulu amazulu angasiza ukulondoloza obhejane ngoba izinombolo zabo ziyancipha abavakashi bayathanda ukubona obhejane futhi ukubakhona kobhejane kuyawusiza umnotho nezokuvakasha kwazulu natal umtshengiseni gcwensa wazalwa ngo ezalwa emsinga ube esehola phambili iqembu elikhulu kuwo onke kumaskandi amageza amahle uqale ngokuthi abengumculi wangasemuva kumahaukela ngezikathi zamatshitshi amhlophe lapho ube backela amaqembu ahlukene kamahaukela kuthe uma eseshona umahukela ngo base beqamba iqembu abalisungule ekunye nomgqumenu bekungu unyaka abakhiphe ialbum labo lokuqala ngokuhlanganyela iqembu bebelibiza ukuthi amagcokama leliqembu likhiphe ialbum eyodwa vho ababeyibiza ngokuthi ithe bhuxe lisandlondlobala njalo iqembu kwase kuba nombangiswano lase lihlephuka phakathi ugcwensa use ephuma umuzi okungowakhe lapho ahambe kanye nentsizwa ezimbili okungu njencane ngubane kanye nosbongiseni mpondi ntombela base bezama ukukhangela inkampani abangaqopha kuyona zabavalela ngaphandle eziningi baze badibana nosxhobo mpungose wasebenzosana nabo bakiphi album labo lokuqala bakiphe album labo lesibili elabakhela udumo olumangazayo lapho kunengoma eyisihloko ethi iphethe umsese ube sewola izindondo ubuthaphu thaphu ubencomfana nomgqumeni njalo kuma album awakhiphayo yize nje ebephendula okushiwo yimbangi ithe uma idlula emhlabeni imbangi yakhe ngo wase equbeka nokudlala ingoma awayeyincomfa kuyona basebemvala emicimbini kwaze kwafuneka ukuthi axolise ebunjiniyela be software ubunjiniyela iphethini yokwakheka kwesoftware iyisisombululo esijwayelekile esisebenzisekayo senkinga evame ukwenzeka ngaphakathi komongo inikezwe ekwakhiweni kwesoftware akuyona iphethini eqediwe engaguqulwa ngqo ibe ngumthombo noma ikhodi yomshini esikhundleni salokho yincazelo noma isifanekiso sendlela yokuxazulula inkinga engasetshenziswa ezimeni eziningi ezihlukile amaphethini wokuqamba enza izinto ezihlelekile okuhlelekile ongazisebenzisa umxazululi ukuxazulula izinkinga ezivamile lapho kuklanywa isakhiwo noma uhlelo amaphethini wokuklanywa okwenzelwe izinto ngokuvamile akhombisa ubudlelwane nokuxhumana phakathi kwamakilasi noma izinto ngaphandle kokucacisa amakilasi wokugcina wesicelo noma izinto ezibandakanyekile amaphethini asho ukuthi isimo esingaguquki angahle afakelwe izilimi ezisebenzayo amanye amaphethini angahunyushwa ngokungadingekile ngezilimi ezakhekile ukusekela ukuxazulula inkinga abazama ukuyixazulula futhi amaphethini aqondiswe entweni awafaneleki ezintweni ezingahambisani nezilwimi zezinto ezenzelwene object oriented amaphethini wokuqamba angabukwa njengendlela ehlelekile yohlelo lokusebenza lwekhompyutha phakathi kwamazinga we paradigm yohlelo kanye ne algorithm yekhonkrithi amaphethini aqala njengomqondo wokwakha ngu christopher alexander ekuqaleni konyaka we cf isibonelo semikhonto journal of aip septhemba vol no iphe ngo ukent beck noward cunningham baqala ukuzama ngomqondo wokusebenzisa amaphethini ezinhlelweni ngokukhethekile amaphethini ezilimi futhi bethula imiphumela yabo engqungqutheleni ye oopsla ngalowo nyaka eminyakeni elandelayo u beck ucunningham nabanye balandela lo msebenzi amaphethini okuklama athola ukuthandwa kusayensi yamakhompiyutha ngemuva kokuba incwadi design designs elements of reusable object oriented software yashicilelwa ngonyaka we ngababizwa nge gang of four gamma et al esivame ukufushaniswa ngokuthi gof ngawo lowo nyaka kwaqhutshwa inkomfa yokuqala yezilimi ezihleliwe futhi ngonyaka olandelayo kwasungulwa iportland pattern repository ukuze kube yimibhalo yamaphethini wokuqamba isilinganiso sethemu sihlala siyindaba yokuphikisana izincwadi eziphawuleka kunhlobo lwephethini yoyilo zifaka yize amakhethini wokuqamba esetshenziswe isikhathi eside ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni komqondo wamaphethini wokuqamba kwehle iminyaka eminingi amaphethini wokuqamba angasheshisa inqubo yokuthuthuka ngokunikeza ubuhlakani bokuvivinya obufakazelwe idizayini ephumelelayo yesoftware idinga ukucubungula izingqinamba ezingeke zibonakale kuze kamuva ekuqalisweni ikhodi esanda kubhalwa phansi ingahlala iba nezinkinga ezicashile ezithathe isikhathi ukuthi zitholwe izingqinamba kwesinye isikhathi ezingadala izinkinga ezinkulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuphinda usebenzise amaphethini wokuqamba kusiza ukuvikela izindaba ezinjalo ezicashile   futhi kuthuthukisa ukufundwa kwekhodi kwenzelwa abakhodi nabaklami abajwayele amaphethini ukuze uzuze ukuguquguquka amaphethini wokuqamba avame ukwethula amazinga ongezekile we indirection kwezinye izimo angaphikisana nemiklamo evelayo futhi alimaze ukusebenza kwesicelo ngokwencazelo iphethini kufanele ihlelwe kabusha ohlelweni ngalunye olusebenzisayo njengoba abanye ababhali bebona lokhu njengesinyathelo esibuyela emuva ekusebenzeni kabusha kwesoftware njengoba kunikezwe izakhi abacwaningi basebenze ukuguqula amaphethini abe yizakhi umeyer no arnout bakwazile ukuhlinzeka ngezakhi eziphelele noma ngokwengxenye zezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamaphethini abazama ngayo amasu wokuqamba amasoftware kunzima ukuwasebenzisa ebangeni lezinkinga ezibanzi   amaphethini wokuqamba anikezela ngezixazululo ezijwayelekile ezibhalwe ngefomethi engadingi imininingwane eboshelwe enkingeni ethile amaphethini wokuqamba akhiwa izigaba eziningana bona   imibhalo engezansi okuthakazelisa kakhulu yizigaba zobumbano ababambiqhaza kanye nezigaba zokusebenzisana lezi zingxenye zichaza motif design a prototypical micro architecture ukuthi onjiniyela bakopisha futhi bazivumelanise nemiklamo yabo ethile ukuxazulula inkinga esetshenziswayo echazwe yiphethini yokuqamba isakhiwo esincanyana senhlanganyela seqoqo lezindawo zohlelo isib amakilasi izindlela kanye nobudlelwano bawo abathuthukisi basebenzisa iphethini lokuklama ngokwazisa kumiklamo yabo le prototypical micro architecture okusho ukuthi izakhiwo ezincane ezakhiweni zazo zizoba nesakhiwo nenhlangano efana ne design motif ekhethiwe kwenziwe futhi imizamo yokuhlanganisa amaphethini wokuqamba ezizindeni ezithile kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwamaphethini wokuqamba akhona kanye namaphethini wokuqamba wesizinda esithile izibonelo zifaka amaphethini esakhiwo sokusebenziseka komsebenzisi ukubonwa kolwazi idizayini evikelekile ukusebenziseka okuphephile ukwakhiwa kwewebhu nokuklama imodeli yebhizinisi izilimi zonyaka zekhethini yezinhlelo zokuhlela zifaka izibonelo eziningi zamaphethini akhethekile wesizinda amaphethini wemiklamo ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezi ezisuselwa kuhlobo lwenkinga azixazululelayo amaphethini wokudala anika amandla okwenza izinto ngokusekelwe indlela edingekayo nangendlela elawulwayo amaphethini ezakhiwo akhuluma ngokuhlela amakilasi ahlukene nezinto zokwakha izakhiwo ezinkulu nokunikeza ukusebenza okusha ekugcineni izindlela zokuziphatha zimayelana nokuhlonza amaphethini wokuxhumana ajwayelekile phakathi kwezinto futhi aqaphele lamaphethini imibhalo yephethini lokuklama ichaza umongo lapho iphethini isetshenziswa khona amandla ngaphakathi komongo iphethini elifuna ukuwaxazulula kanye nekhambi eliphakanyisiwe akukho fomethi eyodwa ejwayelekile yamaphethini wokuklama esikhundleni salokho izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zisetshenziswe ngababhali bephethini abahlukile kodwa ke ngokusho kukamartin fowler izinhlobo ezithile zamaphethini ziye zaziwa kakhulu kunabanye futhi ngenxa yalokho zaba ngamaphuzu okuqala ajwayelekile emizamo emisha yokubhala iphethini isibonelo esisodwa sefomethi yemibhalo evame ukusetshenziswa yileso esisetshenziswa u erich gamma urichard helm uralph johnson nojohn vlissides encwadini yabo designamps inezingxenye ezilandelayo kuqashelwe ukuthi amaphethini wokuqamba angaba nje uphawu lokuthi ezinye izici zishoda ngolimi olunikeziwe lwezinhlelo ijava noma i c ngokwesibonelo upeter norvig ukhombisa ukuthi amaphethini ayi kwayi asencwadini ye design patterns ebhekiswe kakhulu ku c ayenziwa lula noma aqedwe ngosizo oluqondile lolimi elisp noma idylan ukubukwa okuhlobene nakho kwenziwa nguhannemann nokiczales abasebenzise amaphethini amaningi wokuqamba angama besebenzisa ulimi olususelwa kuzinhlelo aspectj futhi bakhombisa ukuthi ukuncika kwezinga lekhodi kususwe ekusetshenzisweni kwamaphethini wokuqamba we kwayi nokuthi isisekelo esigxile izinhlelo zingenza lula ukwenziwa kwamaphethini wokuqamba bheka futhi nendatshana kapaul graham ethi revenge of the nerds ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kwamaphethini kungandisa ukuxaka okungadingekile harry lillis crosby tacoma united states maypole ka alcobendas spain okthoba ka kangcono eyaziwa ngokuthi crosby bing kwaba umculi crooner kanye actor american nge career esithathe amahlanu wacabangela inkanyezi yokuqala yemultimedia i bing crosby yayiyisitolo somculo esithengiswa kakhulu futhi saphumelela kunazo zonke ngekhulu lama ucrosby ubengumholi kwezokuqopha umlando izilinganiso zomsakazo kanye nokuthola imali yama movie amakhulu ungomunye wabalingiswa ababaluleke kakhulu nabanomthelela kuleli khulu lama emhlabeni jikelele wayengomunye wabaculi bokuqala be multimedia phakathi kuka no ucrosby waba nokuthengisa okungabekezeleleki ngama albhamu akhe izilinganiso ezinhle eziteshini zomsakazo namafilimu adume umhlaba uvame ukubhekwa njengomunye wabalingisi bomculo abadumile emlandweni futhi namuhla izwi lomuntu orekhodwe nge elekthronikhi ukuhlonishwa kobuciko bukacrosby kuyinto indawo yonke kubaluleke kakhulu ukusho ukuthi wayengomunye wezikhuthazo ezinkulu kwabanye abadlali besilisa abakhulu ababemsekela njengofrank sinatra uperry como udean martin ujohn lennon u elvis presley umichael bubl ukubiza abambalwa i bing crosby ithengise amarekhodi angaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane emhlabeni wonke kuze kube manje mhlawumbe ngumthengisi omkhulu kunayo yonke emlandweni kanye nengoma ethengiswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke enesihloko esithi white christmas amakhophi angaphezu kwama athengiswe emhlabeni wonke ucrosby wayedumile futhi ethandwa kakhulu maphakathi nekhulu lama emhlabeni kangokuthi ukuhlolwa okwenziwa emuva ngaleso sikhathi kwembula ukuthi ucrosby wayedumile futhi ehlonishwa kakhulu kunopapa pius xii ngaleso sikhathi impumelelo eshadi lakhe ihlala ihlaba umxhwele amakhadi angama ngamanye kufaka phakathi ama uma ubala kaningi ukuthi kukhulunywa ngokhisimusi omhlophe lokho kungafinyelela lelo nani lifinyelele ku ngaphezulu kokuthi beatles no elvis presley bahlangene ucrosby wayenezingoma ezihlukile zamashadi unyaka ngamunye phakathi kuka no kanti futhi wayenezingoma ezingama ezihlukene ezazithandwayo ngo kuphela usihle zikalala owazalwa ngo uncwaba usopoliti waseningizimu afrika ungundunankulu wakwazulu natali kanye nelungu lesishayamthetho sakwazulu natali ungusihlalo wesifundazwe we african national congress kusukela ngonyaka we kuya kowezi ubekade eyilungu lomkhandlu ophethe ezimali usihle zikalala wazalwa ngomhlaka uncwaba edolobheni lasendwedwe enatal ufunde inyuvesi yakwazulu natali futhi wathola iziqu kwezokuxhumana ukuphatha kanye nezohwebo kwakuseyunivesithi lapho waqala khona ukusebenza kwezepolitiki uzikalala wayeyisishoshovu se anc endwedwe wakhethwa njengekhansela lesifunda ngonyaka we waba matasa enhlanganweni yentsha ye anc usebenze njengonobhala jikelele wenhlangano yentsha kuzwelonke ngaphambi kokuzibandakanya kwezepolitiki yesifundazwe ubeyiphini likanobhala wesifundazwe weqembu ngaphambi kokuba ngunobhala wakhethwa ukuba ngusihlalo we anc esifundazweni ngonyaka wezi futhi waba yilungu lesishayamthetho ngalo nyaka waqokwa emkhandlwini ophethe njengelungu lezezimali waphinde wakhethwa njengenhloko ye anc ngonyaka we ngemuva kokhetho lwango uzikalala wakhethwa ndunankulu omusha wakhethwa kulesi sikhundla ngomhlaka unhlaba futhi wasithatha ngokusemthethweni lesi sikhundla mhlaka unhlaba ngokwe mininingwane ye design izinhlelo zezinto zamakhasimende kanye nomklamo bheka into ngamakhasimende uhlelo izakhiwo has a has a noma has a kuyinto yokwakha ubuhlobo lapho enye into owayevame ukubizwa ngokuthi into elimiswe noma ingxenye abamelwe ilungu into kungokwalabo kuyinto ingxenye noma ilungu enye into ngokuthi uhlobo esiyinhlanganisela futhi siziphathe ngokuvumelana nemithetho kobunikazi ngamagama alula has ubuhlobo e into ibizwa ngokuthi ensimini ilungu into multiple has a ubudlelwano kuzohlanganisa ukwakha isigaba sabaphathi sebuniyo lokhu kumele ziqhathaniswa i luyisivikelo is a noma kuyinto ubuhlobo esiba yokwehlayo taxonomic subtyping isinqumo sokuthi ubudlelwane obunengqondo kakhulu bento nokwenziwe ngaphansi kwayo akuhlali kukhanya ngokusobala bunakho a noma bu a ukudideka ngenxa yezinqumo ezinjalo kudale ukuthi kudalwe la magama wensimbi isibonelo esihle se has ubuhlobo yizitsha eziku c stl ukufingqa ubudlelwano sinabo kwidatha ene a ubudlelwano buvame ukumelwa kumodeli yobudlelwano bezinhlangano njengoba ubona ngomdwebo ngakwesokudla i akhawunti ingaba nezinhlamvu eziningi lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi i akhawunti inobudlelwano no has a nomlingiswa ohlelweni olususelwe entweni lobu budlelwano bungamelelwa ngomdwebo obizwa nge unified modeling language class lokhu kunobudlelwano futhi kwaziwa njengokuqamba njengoba ukwazi ukubona ku class diagram ngakwesokudla imoto ine a carburetor noma imoto yakhiwa yi carburetor lapho idayimane linombala omnyama libonisa ukwakheka ie into eseceleni eliseduzane nedayimane yenziwe noma iqukethe enye into ngenkathi idayimane elimhlophe lisho ukuhlangana okusho ukuthi into eseduzane nedayimane ingaba nayo noma ibe nenye into enye indlela yokuhlukanisa phakathi kokwakheka nokuhlanganiswa kokumodela umhlaba wangempela ukucabanga isikhathi sokuphila sento equkethwe isibonelo uma into yemoto iqukethe into ye chassis i chassis cishe ngeke ithathelwe indawo ngesikhathi sokuphila kwemoto kuzoba nesikhathi sokuphila esifanayo nemoto uqobo ngakho ke ubuhlobo bungobunye bokuqamba ngakolunye uhlangothi uma into yecarl iqukethe iqoqo lezinto zasetire lezi zinto zasetire zingase ziphele futhi zithathelwe indawo kaningana noma uma imoto iba yinto engasebenziseki amanye amathaya angatholwa futhi anikezwe enye imoto kunoma ikuphi izinto zasetire zinokuphila okuhlukile kunento yemoto ngakho ke ubudlelwano bungobunye bokuhlanganiswa uma umuntu enza i c software class ukusebenzisa ubudlelwane obuchazwe ngenhla into yecar ingequkethe into ephelele yechassis kwilungu ledatha le nto kachassis izofakwa kumakhi weklasi lemoto noma ichazwe njengohlobo lwedatha yelungu ledatha nezakhiwo zalo ezinikezwe umakhi futhi njengoba kungaba yilungu ledatha eliqukethe ngokuphelele lesigaba semoto into kachassis ngeke isaba khona uma into yeklasi lecar izosuswa ikhambi lokugoma ikhambi elinyusa amandla wamasosha omzimba ukuze ezolwa nasifo thizeni ikhambi lokugoma luvamise ukwakhiwa ngenxenye yegciwane elidala izifo kujwayele ukuthi lengxenye yegciwane kube amagciwane abulewe noma amacezu akhomba uhlobo legciwane lawa macezu aqeqesha amasosha omzimba ukuthi akwazi ukubona igciwane ukuze amasosha omzimba alwe nalo alibulale uma sekufika igciwane langempela ukunika umuntu umuthi oqeqesha amasosha omzimba kuthiwa ukugoma akukho okuhlula ukugoma ekuvimbeni ukutheleleka ngezifo ezidalwa amagciwane umlando utshengisa ukuthi ukugoma kwaqeda izifo okubalwa kuzo ingxibongo kwaphinde kwanciphisa amazinga ezifo okubalwa kuzo i polio isimungumungwane kanye ne tetanus imithi kugoma kwaziwa igwema izifo okubalwa kuzo umkhuhlane i hpv kanye nenqubulunjwana igama lomuthi womgongo kuthiwa i vaccine ngesingisi okuyigama elaqanjwa ngu edward jenner owalisungula olimini lwesilathini olusho inqubulunjwana yezinkomo ngesitkhathi eqamba umuthi wokuligoma imithi yoku goma iphephile futhi iyasebenza kahle ukulwa nezifo ezithelelanayo kodwa ke kukhona izindawo lapho ugugoma kuba buthaka khona amandla emithi yomgomo anqunyelwe izinto eziningi njenge uma umuntu ogonyiwe uyasithola isifo agonyelwe sona lokhu kuthiwa isifo esingena ngenkani kuvamile ukuthi kwehle ukuthelelanana kwalesi sifo kwabanye abantu abangagonyiwe okulandelayo izinto okumele ziqaphelwe ukuze luzosebenza kahle uhlelo lokugoma abantu ukugoma sekwaqeda izifo ezifana nengxibongo eyaziwa njengenye yezifo ezazithelelana zibhubhisa abantu emhlabeni ezinye izifo kubalwa kuzo i rubella i polio isimungumungwane i mumps i chickenpox kanye nei typhoid eseza cishe zaphela ngenxa yokugoma okwakusabalele uma iningi labantu bangomile kuba nzima kakhulu ukuthi isifo sibhebhetheke lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi ukuphepha komhlambi ukugoma kuvimba ukuqala kokumelana nokusebenza komuthi obulala amagciwane umzekelo izinhlelo zomgomo sezehlise amazinga ukumelana nokusebenza kwemithi efana ne penicillin ebulala amagciwane anjenge streptococcus pneumoniae edala inyumoniya umgomo wesimungumungwana uvimbela ukufa kwabantu abangama million minyaka yonke ukugoma kwabantwana kuphephile imithelela emibi ijwayele ukuba mncane imithelela ijwayele ukuba imfiva ubuhlungu endaweni yokujova kanye nezinhlungu zomsipha imithelela emibi kakhulu ayijwayelekile imithi yomgomo yakhiwe ngezincezu zamagciwane ziningi izihlobo ezisetshenziswayo kukhona imithi yomgomo eyakhiwe ngamagciwane acishiwe kusetshenziswa amakhemikhali ukushisa noma imisebe endmandla imizekelo kungabalwa kuyo imithi yokugoma elwa nezifo ezifana ne polio hepatitis a amarabi kanye nomkhuhlane kukhona imithi yomgomo enamagciwane aphilayo ancishisiwe le nhlobo yomgomo yenza umzimba ube namandla anyukile ukulwa nezifo kodwa awuphephile ukusetshenziswa kubantu abamasosha omzimba abuthaka kukhona indlela yokuthatha into ewubuthi bucishwe ubuthi bayo ukuze kwakhiwe ngayo umuthi yomgomo obizwa nge toxoid kukhona umuthi wokugoma owakhiwa ngengxenye yegciwane thizeni ukuze kuzoqeqesheka amasosha omzimba kukhona amagciwane ambozwe ngento okuthiwa i polysaccharide edala ukuthi ifihleke kumasosha omzimba abacwaningi bakwazi ukuthatha i polysaccharide emboze igciwane ayihlanganise neprotheni thizeni ezokwenza ukuthi amasosha omzimba akwazi ukulibona igciwane miningi imithi yomgomo emisha eqanjwayo kumanje yize imithi yokugoma eminingi yakhiwa kusetshenziswa amagciwane abulewe kanye nezingxenye zamanye amagciwane kukhona imithi yokugoma eyokwenziwa eyakhiwe ngezinto ezingatholakazi emvelweni imithi yokugoma ingaba isimo sokuba monovalant noma ibe multivalant umuthi wokugoma one simo sokuba monovalant wakhelwe ukuthi ulwe nomazisi wegciwane elilodwa noma igciwane elilodwa umuthi wokugoma one simo sokuba multivalant ukwazi ukubona ilwe namagciwane amaningi kukhona imithi yokugoma eyakhiwa ngokusebenzisa amagciwane aqhamuka ezilwaneni ukuze asetshenziswe kumuntu noma olunye uhlobo lwesilwane uma amasosha omzimba athola umuthi wokugoma egazini awubona njengento eqhamuka ngaphandle komzimba ayibulale bese ayayikhumbula uma sekufika igciwane langempela emzimbeni amasosha omzimba ayakwazi ukukhumbulu bese imithi yokugoma ijwayele ukuhlanganisa nezinto ezisiza ukugoma eziqinisa amasosha omzimba kuyenzeka ukuthi imithi yokugoma ixutshwe nezinto ezenza ukuthi umuthi ugcineke ungaboli uma uhlaselwa amanye amagciwane kanye nesikhunta kufuneka ukuthi abantwana bathole umgomo ngesikhathi lapho khona imizimba yabo isikwazi isikwazi ukuba namasosha omzimba anamandla aphelele lokhu kuhambisana nohlelo lokugoma oluyinkimbinkimbi miningi imithi yokugoma ehambisana nezigaba zokukhula komuntu mpilo yonke umzekelo isimungumungwana i tetanus umkhuhlane kanye nenyumoniya kuvamise ukuthi imithi yokugoma enikwa abantu asebekhulile kakhulu ibhekane nenyumoniya kanye nomkhuhlane ngaphambi kokuthi kube khona imithi yokugoma enamacezu aqhamuka kwingxibongo yezinkomo abantu babekwazi ukuthelelelana ngamabomu ngegciwane lengxibongo kunobufakazi emlandweni obutshengisa ukuthi izwe laseshayina laseliqalile ukugomela ingxibongo eminyakeni engu edlule eminyakeni yangama s u edward jenner wathola ukuthi abantu abasengayo kwakungenzeki ukuthi bathole ingxibongo ngoba basebetheleleke ngengxibongo yezinkomo ngonyaka ka u jenner wabuka ukhunta oluqhamuka esandleni somuntu osengayo otheleleke ngengxibongo yezinkomo waluhlikihla esandleni somfana oneminyaka eyisi okwatholakala ukuthi usegomekile ekutholeni ingxibongo emva kwamaviki ayisi kwatholala ukuthi akayitholanga ingxobongo u jenner waqhubeka nalolucwaningo kwathi ngonyaka ka wabika ukuthi umuthi wakhe wokugoma usebenza ngokuphelile ezinganeni nakwabadala isizukulwane salomuthi wokugoma saqhamuka ngeminyaka yama ngu louis pasteur iminyaka yama yabona ukuqala kwemithi yokugoma eminingi okubalwa kuyo imithi elwa ne diphtheria isimungumungwana i mumps kanye ne rubella kwa igxathu elikhulu ukutholakala komgomo we polio ngeminyaka yo lapho okwaphinde kwanqotshwa khona ingxibongo eminyakeni yo no u maurice hilleman waba nomthelela omkhulu ekwakhiweni yalemigomo ukwakhiwa kwamakhambi okugoma amaningi kuze kube manje ime ngokuxhaswa uhulumeni izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme kanye nabasizi bomphakathi abazimele amakhambi okugoma amaningi awabizanga kakhulu aphinde asiza abezempilo ukusetshenziswa kwamakhambi okugoma kunyuke kakhulu eminyakeni eyedlule ngaphezu kwalokho ukugonywa kwezilwane kusiza ukuthi zingatholi izifo nokuthi zingatheleli abantu ngezifo ukufaka idokodo lokuqamba ikhambi lokugoma kungaba ingqinamba ekuqanjweni kwamakambi okugoma amasha ngenxa yokuthi lawa madokodo awavikelekile kahle ukwenziwa kwamadokodo kwenzelwa ukuthi ligcineke liyimfihlo isigungu sezempilo umhlaba wonke i who ithi into evimba ukuthi kwenziwe amakhambi okugoma emazweni azathuthuka imali izinsiza kusebenza nabasebenzi abawaziyo umsebenzi ukuthuuthukiswa kwezindlela ezintsha zokuthumela izinto kunyusa ithemba lokwakhuwa kwamakhambi okugoma azothunyelwa ngokuphepha bese eyasetshenziswa izindlela ezincomekayo zokunikwa kwabantu abakhambi okugoma abala imigomo ethathwa ngomlomo ikhambi lokugoma elithathwa ngomlomo labonakala lisebenziseka kalula uma lisetshenziswa abasebenzi abangaqeqeshiwe ikhambi lokugoma elingasebinzisi umjovo lisahlolwa ngezilwane okwamanje kwakhiwe istembu esincane esifanisa nebhandishi elinamathelayo esinama microscopic projections angu ukwakhiwa kwamakhambi omgomo kunemikhuba ejwayelekile umchazamkhathi yisigaba solwazi esiphathelene nokuqonda umkhathi nemizulane kubizwa esingisini nge astronomy kuwo wona umchazamkhathi sifunda mayelana nomkhathilibe universe umkhathinga space umthalakazi galaxy umzilafasimbe milky way izinkanyezi izishomo constellations amaqhumanyezi meteors imihlabana asteroids ubhaqanyezi izibhaqanyezi comets izidangazelakazi supernova nokunye okuningi okutholakele emkhathilibeni wethu ukubhebhetheka kwegciwane lomkhuhlane we covid emhlabeni wonke jikelele sekwenze ukuthi iminotho eminingi ivalwe kube khona ukugula  nokufa kwabantu abaningi sekwenziwe imizamo eminingi ukugwema ukubhebhetheka kwaleli gciwane nokusabalala kwalo abaphathi bezempilo basaqhubeka nokubheka izinsiza sokuhlola nokwelapha abathelelekile baphinde bathole ikhambi nomgomo ozolwa naleli gciwane nathi sonke singazama ukugwema ukubhebhetheka kwalo singaligwema leli gciwane ngokungasebenzisi imali eningi noma ngaphandle kwemali ngokuthisishintshe indlela esenza ngayo izinto ukuze thina nemindeni yethu singatheleleki kulo mbhalo sizobheka ukugezwa kwezandla nezinye izindlela zokuqikelela inhlanzeko ukuzesinqande ukutheleleka ngamagciwane sizophinde sibheke imiphakathi nezingqinamba ebhekana nazo ekulandeleni ezenhlanzeko nokuthi lezi zingqinamba zingaxazululwa kanjani ucwaningo luyaveza ukuthi indlela engamoshi mali ekwazi ukunqanda ukubhebhetheka nokuthelelana ngezifo ezifana nomkhuhlane we covid ukujwayela ukugeza izandla ngensipho namanzi ompompi kusho ukuthini ukujwayela ukugeza izandla na ongqondongqondo bezifo nezempilo bathi kumele uhlezi ugeza izandla eminye imiphakathi ayinawo amanzi ompompi ahlanzekile okwamanje sibonile ukuthi ukusebenzisa amanzi ompompi ahlanzekile kubalulekile ekuvikeleni emagciwaneni angabonakali kulengxenye elandelayo sizobheka ukuthi kungeziwa njani uma amanzi ahlanzekile engekho uma amanzi ahlanzekile engekho kungahlanzwa amanzi atholakala emadamini nasemifuleni ukuze kubulawe amagciwane angabonakali kafishane nje ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi kungenziwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo ungakwazi ukuzakhela isicwengamanzi sakwa biosand esizokhipha udoti sicwenge amanzi angcolile siphinde sibulale amagciwane lesi sicwengamanzi sisungulwe i centre for alternative water and sanitation technologies ungaya ku resources cawst org package biosand filter instruction manual en uthole khona indlela yokusakha uma amanzi esehlanjiwe kumele ageleze ahambe uma ugeza izandla miningi imishini ongayakha esebenzisa izinto ezitholakala kalula u peter morgan uhlanganise enye ayisebenzisa ezimbabwe itholakala ku ukugezisiza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho noma ngomlotha namanzi agelezayo ahambayo iyona ndlela engamoshi mali egwema ukubhebhetheka kwezifo uma isifo esiwubhubhane esifana nomkhuhlane we covid sincikisela ukuphila kwethu kubalulekile ukuthi sishintshe indlela esiphila ngayo njengokuthi siqhelelane siphinde futhi sigqoke izembozo zobuso facial masks ukuhlolwa kwesifo kusho ukuthola ukuthi yisiphi isifo esihambiselana nezimpawu ezitholakala esigulini kuvamise ukubizwa ngokuxilonga kusetshenziswa ulimi lwezokwelapha olucacile ulwazi oludingekayo uma kuxilongwa luvamise ukuthi lutholakale emlandweni kanye nasekuhlolweni komzimba waloyo odinga usizo lokwelashwa kujwayelekile ukuthi kusetshenziswe izindlela zokuthola isifo eziningi uma kuhlolwa kubalwa kuzo ukuhlolwa ngezokwelapha kwesinye isikhathi ukuxilongwa ngemuva kokufa nakho kuthathwa njengokuxilonga okuhambelana nezokwelapha lokhu kuxilonga kuvamise ukubanezingqinamba ngoba iningi lezimpawu azicaci kahle isibonelo ukubabomvu kwesikhumba nokungaba uphawu lwezifo ezahlukene ngakho ke okumcaciseli umsebenzi wezempilo ukuthi ngabe inkinga ikuphi izindlela ezijwayelekile ezikhona ezindleleni ezahlukene kwinqubo yokuxilonga zifaka lokhu ukucutshungulwa kwezimpendulo okutholakele noma eminye imiphumela ukuzama ukubonana nabanye abahlinzeki nochwepheshe kulomkhakha kunezindlela eziningi noma amasu angasetshenziswa enqutshweni yokuxilonga nesingabala kuwo ukusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokuhlola noma ukulandela imithetho eqondile yokwezokwelapha empeleni inqubo yokuxilonga ingahlanganisa noma isebenzise izindlela eziningi ezahlukene ukutheleleka ngesifo sekhorona i covid kungaxilongwa okwesikhashana ngokubheka izimpawu yize isiqiniseko sitholakala ngokwenza i reverse transcription polymer chain reaction rrt pcr lapho kusetshenziswa uketshezi oluthelelekile noma i ct imaging ucwaningo lokuqhathaniswa kwe pcr kwi ct olwenziwe e wuhan luqagula ukuthi i ct ishesha kakhulu kune pcr yize ingacacisi kahle ngenxa yokuthi uma kuhlolwa kubonakala iningi lezithombe zezakhi zayo zifana nezinye izifo ezihlotshaniswa nenyumoniya kusukela ngo mbasa ka ikolishi elibizwa nge american college of radiology iluleka ukuthi i ct ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola umkhuhlane we covid nhlangano yezempilo emlabeni wonke i who ishicilele imthetho emningi ye rna yokuhlolela igciwane le covid eyokuqala ikhishwe ngomhlaka kumasingana januwari lokhu kuhlola kusebenzisa uhlelo olubizwa nge reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction rrt pcr ukuhlola kungenziwa ngokusetshenziswa kwamasampula okuphefumula noma egazi ngokuvamile imiphumela itholakala emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ngokujwayelekile lokhu kuhlola kwenziwa ngendukwana yokuhlola ye nasopharyngeal nokuyilapho kufakwa indukwana yokuhlola emakhaleni ukuze ibuye noketshezi kokunye kungasetshenziswa iswaphi yomphimbo izindawo zoxilongo eziningi kanye nezinkampani ezithuthukisa ukuhlola kwe serology nokungukuhlola okusebenzisa uketshezana olungamafutha oluhlukaniseka egazini ngesikhathi igazi liba ngamahlule nokuveza izivikela mzimba kusukela kumhla ka kumbasa akukho kulokhu kuhlola osekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kusebenza ngokwanele ukuthi kungavunyelwa ukusetshenziswa ngokugcwele emelika ukuhlola kwe serology okusungulwe i cellex kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ngamalebhu agunyaziwe kuphela nakhona ezimweni eziphuthumayo izakhi zezithombe emishinini yokubona ngaphakathi emzimbeni kanye ne computed tomography ct uhlobo lwesayensi oluveza ingaphakathi lomuntu ngokusetshenziswa kwemishini nekhompuyutha zabantu abanezimpawu kufaka phakathi ukungalingani kokuhlobana kwe ground glass opacities nokunguhlobo lwezithombe ze radiography olunemiphumela engacacile kanye nokungabikhona kwe pleural effusions ukugcwala kwamanzi emaphashini ukugqokwa kwezembozo zobuso ngesikhathi sobhubane lomkhuhlane we covid sekuthole iziyalo izihlukahlukene kwabezempilo kanye nohulumeni abahlukene sekube nenkulumo mpikiswano ngalesi sihloko lapho khona abasebenzela ezempilo kanye nohulumeni bephikisana ngemigomo yokugqokwa kwezembozo zobuso nazi ezinye zezizathu zokugqokwa kwezembozo zobuso ezibekwe abaholi bezempilo baseshayina kanye nabanye usolwazi wamagciwane ustephen griffin wasenyuvesi i university of leeds uthi ukugqoka isembozo sobuso kwehlisa amathuba okuthi abantu bazithinte ubuso okuyiyina ndlela eqavile yokutheleleka uma izandla zingahlanzekile isembozo sendwangu esimboza umlomo namakhala senziwa ngezindwangu eziwayelekile esikhathini esiningi senziwa ngendwangu kakotini lesi sembozo asifani nezembozo ezisetshenziswa emitholampilo nasezibhedlela zona azinayo imigomo okwamanje luncane ucwaningo neziyalo mayelana nokusebenza kwazo ekuvikeleni izifo ezithelelanayo noma umoya ongcolile isembozo esisetshenziswa emitholampilo nasezibhedlela siyaxega siyisembozo esisetshenziswa kanye usilahle sivikela umlomo namakhala ekugcoleni kulowo osigqokile kuleyo ndawo akuyo lesi sembozo sakhelwe ukuvikela amaconsi amakhulu ukucheleleka kwamanzi neziqholo ezingase zibe namagciwane nezifo uma igqokwe kahle lokhu kuvimba ukuthi lezi zinto zingaphumi ematheni nasemakhaleni alowo osigqokile zingene kwabanye  lesi sembozo asakhelwe ukuvimba amaconsi amancane kakhulu angadluliswa ukukhwehlela nokuthimula lezi zembozo azivikelani emagciwaneni ngenxa yokuxega kwazo ebusweni lezi zembozo  zenziwe ngendwangu engaphiciwe eyenziwa ngokupheshethwa isembozo sohlobo lwe n isembozo zobuso esivimbela amagciwane siphinde sisize ngokuphefumula esisemgangathweni wokuvimbeka komoya kwen e national institute for occupational safety and health yasemelika sivimba amaconsi amancane kakhulu okungenani angamaphesenti angu sifaniswa nomshini osiza ngokuphefumula ovimba amaconsi amancane kakhulu kodwa ungayivimbi imimoya namagesi lezi zembozo zakhiwe ngendwangu efanayo nezembozo zasemitholampilo nasezibhedlela isembozo esifana nalesi esisetshenziswa i european union sibizwa nge ffp respirator izigungu zezempilo ziyala ukuthi abantu bemboze imilomo namakhala ngezindololwane egoqiwe noma ngethishu uma bekhwehlela noma bethimula bese beyayilahla ngokuphuthuma ithishu kulabo okusolwa ukuthi sebethelelekilekucelwa basebenzise izembozo ezisetshenziswa emitholampilo nasezibhedlela ngoba ukugqoka isembozo kuvimba amaconsi aphuma emlonyeni uma ukhuluma ukhwehlela noma uthimula iziyalo zabesigungu sezempilo emhlabeni wonke who isigungu sezempilo emhlabeni wonke who sicele ukuthi eklweni nomkhuhlane we covid umphakathi izembozo uzisebenzise uma kunalemibandela elandelayo ubhubhane igama elisuselwa esigrikhini lichaza ukuqubuka kwesifo esithelelanayo esesihambe amazwe ahlukene nezindawo ezahlukene ukubhebhetheka ngokushesha kwesifo ebantwini abaningi abasendaweni eyodwa esikhathini esifishane kubizwa ngobhubhane lwendawana bese kuba khona isifo esithelele abantu abayisibalo esaziwayo lolu akulona ubhubhane isifo esithelelanayo esinesibalo abathelelekile abaziwayo esifana nomkhuhlane wokushintsha kwezikhathi zonyaka azibalwa kubhubhane ngoba zivela ngesikhathi esisodwa ezindaweni ezahlukene emhlabeni kunokuthi zibhebhetheke emhlabeni wonke ubhubhane isifo esithelelanayo esiqala ezweni elilodwa sibhebhetheke kwamanye amazwe ukuze isifo kuzothiwa siwubhubhane kufanele kube isifo esibhebhetheke emazweni amaningi futhi kube isifo esithelelanayo umzekelo isifo somdlavuza sibulala abantu abaningi emhlabeni kodwa akuthiwa ubhubhane ngoba asithelelani isigaba sokuqala senzeka lapho okuqala khona ukutholakala kwabantu abanesifo uma kungenziwa isibonelo nge covid kungashiwo isikhathi la okwakusagula khona abantu abayidlanzana isigaba sesibili ilapho okubonakala khona isifo emphakathini ilapho okubonakala khona ukuthelelana kwabantu kuphinde kulokhu kutheleleka abasha isigaba sesithathu ilapho ukubhebhetheka kwesifo sekuthotshisiwe noma kungasekho muntu othelelekayo ziningi izinto amazwe angazenza uma kuqubuka ubhubhane ngo isigungu sezempilo umhlaba wonke i world health organisation who yasungula indlela yokumelana nezifo emazweni onke i international health regulations ihr lokhu kwakwenzelwa ukuvikela nokuphathwa kwezifo ezingahle zithutheleke kwamanye amazwe ngaphezu kwalokho i who yenze uhlelo lwecebo lokumelana nobhubhane oluyimikhuhlane lolu hlelo lwashicilelwa ngo okokuqala lase luphinda lubhekwa futhi ngo nango izinhlelo eziningi ezazibekelwe ukubhekana ne covid zadalula kwi ihr yango nasekuzilungiseleleni kwe who sekube nezinkulumo ngezindlela okumele zisetshenziwe ezizosiza amazwe akwazi ukuthola iziguli eziningi zisuka nje ngaphambi kokuzibeka zodwa bese ziyalashwa lezo zindlela ukuhlola ukwelapha ukulandelela yize i who isebenzisa igama elichaza ubhubhane lwendawo uma ichaza isandulela ngculazi kusukela ngo balinganiiselwa kumamiliyoni angu abantu abanesandulela ngculazi emhlabeni kufe abantu abalinganiselwa ku bebulawa ingculazi ngo okwamanje i sub saharan africa iyona ndawo enabantu abaningi abathelelekayo ngo bebelinganiselwa emaphesentini angu abathelelekile kulendawo amagciwane ohlobo lwekhorona angamagcciwane awumndeni omkhulu wamagciwane abanga ukugula okusuka emkhuhlaneni omncane kuya ezifeni ezinamandla ezifana ne middle east respiratory syndrome mers cov ne severe acute respiratory syndrome sars cov uhlobo olusha lwalamagciwane i sars cov idala i covid ezinye izinhlobo zalamagciwane zisusuka ezilwaneni zingene ebantwini uphenyo olujulile luthole ukuthi i sars cov yangena ebantwini ngamakati bese kuthi i mers cov yangena ebantwini ngamakameli khukhona ezinye izinhlobo zalamagciwane ezingakangeni ebantwini ezisabhebhetheka ezilwaneni kuphela mhla zingu kundasa mashi isigungu sezempilo umhlaba wonke i who ibike ukuthi i covid ubhubhane kusukela mhla zingu kumbasa ephreli isibala sabantu abathelelwe i covid besifika kumamiliyoni angu emhlabeni wonke esabashonile besingu bese isibalo sabantu abasindile besimi ku umalaleveva usabalele ezindaweni ezinesifuthefuthe noma ezishisayo kubalwa kuzo ingxeye yamazwe asemelika i asia ne afrika unyaka nonyaka kunabantu abalinganiselwa ku kuya ku wamamiliyoni abathola umalaleveva ukungazweli imishayanguzo sekuthanda ukuba inkinga ekwelapheni umalaleveva esikhathini samanje ngoba lesi sehlo sesithanda ukuba yinto ejwayelekile ngaphandle kwe artemisinins umalaleveva wake wayisifo esivamile e yurophu nasenyakatho nemelika lapho ongasabonwa khona xxiii umalaleveva kungenzeka ukuthi waba nomthelela ekuwiseni umbuso wamaroma lesi sifo saduma ngokuba imfiva yaseroma isifo segazi i plasmodium falciparum saba inkinga enkulu kwababethumba amazwe nakubantu bendawo ngesikhathi ifika emelika kanye nokudayiswa kwezigqila umkhuhlane wase spain kuya ku wathelela abantu abangama miliyoni angu emhlabeni wonke jikelele xxvii lapho kubalwa nabantu baseziqhingini zase pacific nasezwenikazi leqhwa i arctic wabulala abantu abalinganiselwa kuma miliyoni angu kuya kwangu esikhathinii esiningi uma kuqubuka imikhukhlane ivamise ukubulala abantwana nazaguga bese kuthi laba abaphakathi nendawo basinde kodwa umkhuhlane wase spainn waubulala kakhulu abantu abasha umkhuhlane wase spain wabulala abantu abaningi ukudlula impi yomhlaba yokuqala i world war i yona eyathu ngamaviki angu yabulala abantu abadlula abantu abalulawa ingculazi eminyakeni engu ukuhamba ngamaqembu amakhulu kwamasosha kwadala kulempi kwadala ukuthi ukutheleleka kubhebheheke ngokushesha ukutheleleka kalula kwamasosha kwadalwa ingcindezi yomqondo ukungadli kahle nokudutshulwa ngamabhomu ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuthutha kwadala ukuthi kube lula ukuthi amasosha nabanye bebhebhethekise lesi sifo indaba egcwele antibiotic resistance amagciwane angabulaleki uma ehlaselwa ngesibulala magciwane abizwa ngokuthi amagciwane anamandlakakhulu lawa magciwane angadala ukuthi kulookhu kubuya izifo esezithotshisiwe isibonelo lapho khona isifo sofuba singayizweli imishayanguzo ejwayele ukusetshenziswa kudala inkinga enkulu kubalaphi isibalo sabantu abathola lesi sifo sofuba esibizwa nge multidrug resistant tuberculosis mdr tb sibalwa kuhhafu wemiliyoni emhlabeni wonke unyaka nonyaka amazwe anezibalo eziphezulu zaloluhlobo lofuba ishayina nendiya isigungu sezempilo umhlaba wonke i who ibika ukuthi abantu abatheleleka ngalesi sifo emahlabeni wonke balinganiselwa kumamiliyoni angu amaphesentu angu kulabo bantu anamagciwane ahlula izibulala magciwane ezimbili noma ezintathu kuyaphezulu ngonyaka kaa kubikwe ukuthi abathola i mdr tb babengu emelika isifo sofuba esingalapheki ngemishayanguzo eminingi i xdr tb yatholakala ezwenikazi lase afrika ngo kwase kutholakala ukuthi isemazweni angu okubalwa kuwo imelika i who ilinganisela ukuthi abantu abatheleleka nge xdr tb bangu ngonyaka eminyakeni engu eyedlule amagciwane ajwayelekile okubalwa kuwo i staphylococcus aureus serratia marcescens ne enterococcus asenamandla ukudlula izibulala magciwane ezithize ezifana ne vancomycin nezinye ezifana neaminoglycosides kanye ne cephalosporins amagciwane angabulaleki angumthelela omkhulu wokutheleleka kwabahlengikazi ngaphezu kwalokho ukutheleleka okudalwa i methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus mrsa ebantwini abayimiqemane sekuvamile izimfiva ezi hemorrhagic izifo eziyingozi ezithelelanayo izibonelo kubalwa kuzo i ebola virus disease lassa fever rift valley fever marburg virus disease ne bolivian hemorrhagic fever lezi zifo zinamathuba okuthi zingaba ubhubhane into eyenza ukuthi zingabhebhetheku ngokushesha ukuthi zithelelana ngokuthi ube seduze kakhulu nomuntu ezimphethe futhi lowo muntu uhlala isikhathi esifishane bese eyashona noma agule kakhulu lesi sikhathi esifishane sisiza abanhlengi ukuthi basheshe bamuvalele yedwa ogulayo bese engakwazi ukuthelela abanye indaba ephelele zika virus epidemic zika virus and zika fever ukuqubuke kwegciwane izika kwaqala ngo laba mandla kakhulu ekuqaleni kuka lapho okwase kunesibaloo esidlulile ku wama miliyoni amazweni adlulile kwayishumi nambili emazweeni asemelika inhlangano yezempilo umhlaba wonke who yakhipha isexwayiso esithi izika kugenzeka ibhebhetheke umhlaba wonke uma ingakhalinywa ukuphazamiseka komhlaba wonke okudalwe ubhubhane lwe covid sekube nemithelela eminingi emvelweni nasesimeni sezulu ukwehla kokuzulazula kwabantu sekudale ukuthi ezinye izindawo zibone ukwehla kokungcola komoya ukuvalwa kezwe kanye nezinye izinyathelo ezithathiwe eshayina kubonise ukwehla komoya odala ukugcola omunye usosayensi wezinhlelo zomhlaba ulinganise ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kusindise kungenani izimpilo zabantu abangama ezinyangeni ezimbili ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo kuphinde kwaphazamisa izinhlelo zokubuyisana ngezemvelo okudale nokuhlehliswa kwenkomfa yezemvelo ebizwa nge united nations climate change conference ukuwa kwezomnotho okudalwe ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo emhlabeni wonke kulinganiselwe ukuthi kuzokwehlisa utshalozimali emkhalheni wezentuthuko ze green energy kuze kufike enyakeni ka ukunyuka kwamazinga omoya odala ukushisha emhlabeni oqhamuka ezimbonini ezinkulu kudale ukunyuka kwesimo sokushisa emhlabeni lokhu kudale nokuthi kuncibilike amaqhwa asezindaweni ezihlezi zinamaqwa bese kunyuka amanzi olwandle izenzo zabantu zidale ukuthi ezemvelo zivithike ngezindlela eziningi ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ubhubhane  lwe covid bekune migomo ebekelwe ukulwa nobhubhane okubalwa kuyo ukuzivalela kwabantu nokuqhelelana nomphakathi abacwaningi abebesebenza ngokuhlukana ngaphambi kokuvuka kobhubhane lwe covid bagcizelelile ukuthi  kufanele kwehle ukusebenza kwezimakethe ukuze kwehle ukushisa komhlaba nokungcola komoya nolwandle okuzodala ukusimama kwezemvelo izindawo eziningi zehlelwe amazinga omoya ongcolile ngenxa yomthelela wokuqubuka kwe covid embonini yezokuthutha ukwehla komoya ongcolile kungehlisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye negcuphe yokuthola i covid kodwa akukabonakali ukuthi ikuphi ukungcola komoya okunomthelelaekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu ne covid indawo yezocwaningo ebizwa nge centre for research on energy and clean air ibike ukuthi izindlela zokuvimba ukubhebhetheka kwegciwane le covid njengokuzivalela endlini nokuvalwa kokuhamba kwabantu kube nomphumela wokwehla ngamaphesenti angu omoya odala ukushisa emhlabeni eshayina ngenyanga yokuqala yokuvalwa kwezwe ishayina yakhipha umoya ongcolile owehle ngezigidi zezigidi ezingu million uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo sonyaka ka lokhu kudalwe ukwehla kwezinga lezindiza ukuhlanzwa kukawoyela nokusetshenziswa kwamalahle usarah ladislaw ophuma e center for strategic international studies uthe ukwehla kwalamazinga ngenxa yokuvalwa kwezimakethe akumele kubonakale njengento enhle ngoba ishayina izimisele ukubuyela endleleni ebiyenza ngayo okuzokwenza isimosezemvelo sibe sibi kunakuqala   i european space agency ibone ukwehla kwamazinga kwentuthu yezimoto nasezimbonini ezikhiqizayo endaweni yase po valley enyakatho ne italy kusukela kumhla ka kumasingana januwari kuya kumhla ka kundasa mashi lokhu kwehla kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kwezwe i nasa  ne esa  babone ukuthi amazinga omoya ongcolile ehle kakhulu ngesikhathi ubhubhane lwe covid lusaqala eshayina ukuvalwa kwezimakethe kwehlise amazinga okungcola ngamaphesenti angu   ikakhulukazi emadoolobhaneni afana ne wuhan i nasa isebenzisa isipopolo sokuhlola umkhathi i ozone monitoring instrument omi ukubheka ukuthi umkhathi nokungcola kuwona lesi sipopolo sisize ukuthi i nasa ikwazi ukuthola lemibiko engena emva kokuvalwa kwamazwe ukuthengwa kwezinhlanzi namanani azo kwehlile ngenxa yalolu bhubhane nemikhumbi yokudoba eminingi ihleli ayisebenzi u rainer froese uthe izinhlanzi zizokwanda olwandle ngenxa yokuthi azisadotshwa wabikezela ukuthi kuzonyuka amabanga ezinhlanzi ezifana ne herring olwandle lwase yurophu ziphindeke kabili ngesibalo   izimpawu zokulunga kwezasolwandle zisengama hemuhemu kusukela kundasa ucwaningo nentuthuko yize kunokwehla kwamazinga okungcola komoya isigungu esibizwa nge international energy agency siqwashise ukuthi umonakalo odalwe ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo kungadala ukuthi izinkampani zingazitshali izimali embonini yokonga ugesi ebizwa nge green energy kodwa ke ukuzivalela kwabantu sekuthuthukise imithetho yokusebenzela ekhaya ukusetshenziswa kwezembozo zobuso ezilahlwayo sekube nomthelela omubi kwezemvelo ngokwandisa umthwalo wemfucuza kaplastiki emhlabeni i european centre for medium range weather forecasts ecmwf imemezele ukuthi ukwehla kokuhamba ngezindiza emhlabeni wonke jikelele ngenxa yalolu bhubhane kungenza ukuthi ababhula isimosezulu babikezele kangcono lokhu kudalwa ukuthi ukuhamba kwezindiza ezithwala abantu kwehlihle kanti ikhona okusebebenzisa i aircraft meteorological data relay amdar kakhulu okuyiyona enomthelelwa ekubhulweni kwesimo sezulu i ecmwf yaqagela ukuthi indawo ehanjwa i amdar izokwehla ngamaphesenti adlule kwangu ngenxa yokwehla kwesibalo sezindiza inkomfa ebizwa nge united nations climate change conference ihlehliselwe u emva kokuthi indawo ebizobanjelwa kuyona iphendulwe isibhedlela salolubhubhane le nkomfa ibibalulekile ngoba bekulindeleke ukuthi amazwe azophonsa azokwenza esivumelwaneni sase paris lolu bhubhane luvimba nokuthi amazwe akwazi ukucobelelana ngolwazi ngokubhekana nalolu bhubhane  iphepha  bhuku i time ikuveze ukuthi isifiso sokuqala phansi umnotho womhlaba wonke kungenzeka sinyuse umoya odala ukushisa emhlabeni kodwa ke umphathi we international energy agency uthe ukwehla kwamanani kawoyela ngesikhathi sokuwa kwezimakethe kungaba isikhathi esihle sokwehlisa izikweletu zikawoyela ongaphansi komhlaba ukuvulwa kwezimboni ezikhipha umoya ofudumeza umhlaba kanye nezokuthutha kulinganiselwe nokuthi kube nomthelela wokunyuka komoya ofudumeza umhlaba kunokuthi kuwehlise emva kokuvalwa kwamazwe ngenxa yobhubhane lwe covid charli grace d amelio owazalwa ngomeyi ubuntu nomdansi wasemelika wasemelika uqale ukukhuthalela ukuthumela okuqukethwe kuhlelo lokusebenza olwabelana ngamavidiyo itiktok ekuqaleni konyaka ka lapho asheshe alanda okulandelayo kwathi ngemuva kwalokho yaba yi akhawunti elandelwa kakhulu kuhlelo lokusebenza edlula uloren grey kusukela ngo agasti unabalandeli abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama kwitiktok waqanjwa igama lesibili elathola ubuntu betiktok nguforbes ngo agasti i d amelio iqale ukuthumela ku tiktok ehlobo lika ilayisha amavidiyo wokudansa ezingomeni eziqondayo ezisekelweni utiktok wakhe wokuqala wayengumavidiyo avumelanisa izindebe nomngane wakhe ngokushesha waqongelela okulandelayo emsamo ujoyine indlu yokusebenzisana yetiktok ihype house ngonovemba eceleni kukadadewabo udixie d amelio kodwa wahamba ngomeyi ngo owayengumphathi we sony music ubarbara jones wasayina i d amelio enkampanini yakhe yokuphatha u outshine talent kwathi ngojanuwari ud amelio wasayina ne ejensi yethalente i uta usinger bebe rexha ucele ud amelio ukuthi enze kanye naye ngenkathi eqala ukuvula iqembu labazakwabo basejonas ngonovemba ngofebhuwari wabonakala kwezentengiselwano isuper bowl yesabra hummus nabanye osaziwayo umenyelwe ukuhambela isuper bowl liv futhi ahlangane nojennifer lopez ukuze adale inselelo yomdanso wetiktok egubha ukusebenza kwesuper bowl liv ngesiqingatha sonyaka ku nba all star game i d amelio yenza umdanso namanye amalungu e hype house kanye nojalaiah harmon umsunguli womdanso we renegade tiktok umenywe njengesivakashi sokuqala kumdlalo weprada s milan fashion week ngofebhuwari ngomashi yena nodadewabo bahlanganyela ne unicef emkhankasweni wokulwa nokuxhashazwa abanye ngomeyi yena nodadewabo bamemezela isivumelwano se podcast neramble podcast network ud amelio ufakwe inkanyezi njengo tinker ngojuni e united states ekhishwa ifilimu lezingane elenziwa u i stardog neturbocat emaka iqhaza lakhe lokuqala kufilimu efakiwe waba ubuso bomkhankaso kahollister kajean lab eceleni kukadadewabo ngojulayi futhi wenza nomdanso wetiktok ukukhuthaza lo mkhankaso ngayo leyo nyanga waba yinxusa le brace brand invisalign kuyilapho yena nodadewabo bethula umugqa wobuciko ngokubambisana ne morphe cosmetics ebizwa ngokuthi imorphe ucharli nodixie baphinde bethula iqoqo lezipikili elibizwa nge coastal craze nge orosa beauty ngo agasti u forbes ushicilele umbiko ngo agasti waveza ukuthi i d amelio ithole u million ngonyaka wokugcina kusuka emikhakheni eminingi yokuxhasa nokuthengisa imenza inkanyezi yesibili ethola imali ephezulu kutiktok kulandela u addison rae impilo yomuntu umndeni wakhe osondelene naye ufaka ubaba wezepolitiki umarc d amelio umama wakhe uheidi d amelio kanye nodadewabo udixie d amelio ud amelio wathandana nomlingani wetiktok uchase hudson lapho baqinisekisa khona ubudlelwano babo ngojanuwari ka ngo ephreli wonyaka ofanayo yena nohudson bamemezela ukuhlukana kwabo ud amelio ubelokhu ezwakala ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe ngokuxhashazwa kanye nokugwazwa komzimba yena nodadewabo benze ividiyo ye unicef mayelana nabezindaba zenhlalo kanye nokuxhashazwa ngo ephreli abakwa d amelio banikela ngama esibhedlela esibhedlela sangakubo enorwalk hospital ukusiza ukusiza ukuvikela izinsiza ezibucayi zabasebenzi basesibhedlela ngalesi sifo esibhubhisa i covid shah rukh khan ozalwe ngo novemba owaziwa nangokuthi srk yokuqala ungumlingisi wase india umenzi wefilimu nobuntu bethelevishini abhekiswe kwabezindaba njenge baadshah of bollywood kubhekiswa kwifilimu yakhe ka baadshah ka king of bollywood no king khan usevele emafilimini e bollywood angaphezu kuka wazuza kakhulu kubandakanya nezingu imiklomelo yamafilimu uhulumeni wasendiya umnikeze ipadma shri kanti uhulumeni wasefrance umnikeze i ordre des arts et des lettres kanye nelegion of honor ukhan unokulandela okuphambili e asia kanye ne indian diaspora emhlabeni jikelele mayelana nobukhulu bezithameli nemali engenayo uchazwe njengenye yezinkanyezi zefilimu eziphumelela kakhulu emhlabeni khan waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngokubonakala ochungechungeni lwethelevishini ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama wenza i debut yakhe ye bollywood ngonyaka we enodeewana ekuqalekeni komsebenzi wakhe ukhan wayeqashelwa ukuveza izindima eziyimfihlo kumafilimu ibaazigar darr ne anjaam ngemuva kwalokho waphakama esikhundleni ngemuva kokuqala emcimbini wamafilimu othando okubalwa kuwo udilwale dulhania le jayenge dil to pagal hai kuch kuch hota hai mohabbatein nokabhi khushi kabhie gham ukhan uqhubeke nokuthola udumo olunzulu ngokudalulwa kwakhe kwesidakwa edevdas usosayensi wenasa eswades umqeqeshi we hockey kukhak de i india nowesilisa onesifo i asperger ngegama lami ngu khan amafilimu akhe akhulu kakhulu ahlanganisa ama comedies chennai express happy new year dilwale kanye ne film film raees amafilimu akhe amaningi abonisa izingqikithi zobunikazi besizwe samandiya nokuxhumana nemiphakathi yama diaspora noma ubulili ubuhlanga ukungafani kwezenhlalo nezenkolo nezikhalazo kusukela ngonyaka ka khan ungusihlalo ophambili wenkampani ekhiqiza izithombe ezinyakazayo ired chillies entertainment kanye nezinkampani zayo ezingaphansi kwayo futhi ungumnikazi weqembu lesizwe lekhilikithi i indian premier league ukolkata knight rider neqembu lecaribbean premier league itrinbago knight rider ungumethuli wezinhlelo zethelevishini njalo wenza umlingisi wesiteji abezindaba bavame ukumbiza ngokuthi yibrand srk ngenxa yamasu akhe amaningi wokuxhasa nokusebenza kwebhizinisi imizamo kakhan yokuhlinzeka ngemizwa inikeze usizo lwezempilo nokusiza enhlekeleleni futhi wahlonishwa ngemiklomelo ye pyramide con marni ka unesco ngonyaka ka ngokweseka kwakhe imfundo yezingane kanye ne crystal award ye world economic foramu ngonyaka ka ngobuholi bakhe ekuxhaseni amalungelo abesifazane nawezingane endiya uhlala njalo afaka kuhlu lwabantu abanethonya kakhulu emasikweni amandiya kwathi ngonyaka ka inewsweek yamqamba ukuthi ngomunye wabantu babo abangamashumi amahlanu anamandla emhlabeni abdul rashid salim salman khan disemba ungumlingisi wamafilimu wasendiya umakhiqizi umhlabeleli wesikhashana nobuntu bethelevishini emfundweni yefilimu ethathe iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu ukhan uthole imiklomelo eminingi okubalwa namanational film awards njengomkhiqizi wamafilimu kanye nama filamu awesibili wokudlala ukhulunywa ngaye kwabezindaba njengomunye wabalingisi abaphumelela kakhulu kwezentengiselwano emhlabeni jikelele nakuma cinema wasendiya uforbes wamfaka ohlwini lwabo lwango lwabaholi abadumile abangama emhlabeni ukhan uboshwe no amitabh bachchan ka no kulolo hlu bobabili abahola ngama wezigidi ngokusho kohlu lweforbes lwabakwa top paid osaziwayo abangena emhlabeni emhlabeni ukhan ubeyisikhundla esiphakeme kakhulu samandiya enezikhundla ezingama futhi ethola u wezigidi waziwa nangokuthi ngumsunguli we show engokoqobo ibigg boss kusukela ngo indodana endala yomlobi wesikrini usalim khan ukhan waqala umsebenzi wakhe wobamba iqhaza ekusetshenzisweni kwebiwi ho to aisi kwalandelwa yindima ehola kumaine pyar kiya ukhan uqhubeke nge bollywood ngeminyaka yama s nendima emikhiqizweni eminingana kufaka nomdlalo wothando uhum aapke hain koun umgqugquzeli wesenzo ukaran arjun usomahlaya ubiwi no nomdlalo womdlalo womndeni uhum saath saath hain ngemuva kwesikhashana esifushane sokwehla kweminyaka yama s ukhan wazuza ukwenama okukhulu ngeminyaka yama ngokudlala indima ephambili kumafilimu ezenzo aphumelelayo afana nodabangg ready ek tha tiger kick sultan notiger zinda hai ngaphezu komsebenzi wakhe wokulingisa ukhan ungumethuli wethelevishini futhi ugqugquzela izimbangela zokulekelela abantu ngomusa wakhe ibe human foundation impilo kakhan engekho esikrinini ibangelwa izingxabano nezinkinga zomthetho ngo watholakala enecala lokubulala ngokungenhloso ngecala lokushayela budedengu lapho agijimisa khona abantu abahlanu nemoto yakhe kwashona oyedwa kepha icala lakhe labekwa eceleni ngo ephreli ukhan ulahlwe yicala lokuzama ukubulala onobugebenga futhi wagwetshwa iminyaka emihlanu ebhadla ejele njengamanje ungaphandle ngebheyili ngenkathi kusabhalwa icala ukhan uyindodana endala yombhali wesikrini usalim khan nonkosikazi wakhe wokuqala usushila charak kamuva owagama igama elithi salma khan uzalelwe umama ongumhindu nobaba abangamasulumane ukhan wakhuliswa kuzo zombili izinkolo okhokho bakhe kwakungu alakozai pastuns wase afghanistan owathuthela e indore emadhya pradesh maphakathi kweminyaka yo s kodwa ke ujasim khan embhalweni wakhe womlingisi uthi amadlozi akhe ayengowesizwe sakwa akuzai esigodini sasejusufzai pashtuns avela emalakand esigodini saseswat enyakatho ntshonalanga frontier province ebritish india manje esekhyber pakhtunkhwa epakistan umkhulu wakhe u abdul rashid khan wayengusekela mhloli jikelele wezwe lase indore owanikezwa umklomelo kadiler jung wezikhathi zaseholkar umama kakhanyi ungumenzi wasekhaya ubaba wakhe ubaldev singh charak oyi dogra rajput uqhamuka ejammu kashmir futhi onina uqhamuka emaharashtra unabafowethu ababili u arbaaz khan nosohail khan kanye nodadewethu ababili u alvira khan agnihotri oshade nomlingisi umqondisi u atul agnihotri nodade ongumnikazi u arpita usalman waqeda isikole sakhe est stanislaus high school ebandra emumbai njengoba kwenza abafowabo abancane u arbaaz nosohail phambilini wafunda ethe scindia school egwalior iminyaka embalwa ehamba nomfowabo omncane u arbaaz ufunde est xavier s college emumbai kodwa wehla ukhan wenza umdlalo wakhe wokuqala ngefilimu yango ibiwi ho to aisi eyambona edlala indima yokuxhasa uqhubekele phambili wadlala indima phambili emidlalweni yedrama yomndeni kasooraj r barjatya kamaine pyar kiya oba ngomunye wamafilimu ama india akhula ngesikhatheso ngaleso sikhathi kwamenza waqokwa okokuqala ngqa kwi best actor at filmfare kanye nokuqokwa kwebest male debut emcimbini ofanayo eyokugcina yanikezwa ubarjatya umaine pyar kiya wabizwa ngesingisi njengo when love calls ngespanish njengote amo nangesitelugu njengoprema paavuraalu i yabona ukukhishwa kwefilimu eyodwa kukakhan ebaaghi impikiswano yothando impumelelo yehhovisi lamabhokisi yalandelwa amafilimu amathathu aphumelela kahle ngo upatthar ke phool sanam bewafa nokurbaan ngawo lowo nyaka ukhan uqhubekile nokuhlangana nosanjay dutt nomadhuri dixit kwidrama yothando usajan ubalthazar picsou mcduck baltaza piksu n picsou skud mk dk n kwinguqulo yoqobo ungumlingiswa oqanjiwe ovela ezweni lamadada asezitudiyo zedisney ezakhiwe ngo ngumlobi wekhathuni ucarl barksn umalume kamama udonald duck yingakho igama lakhe lesidlaliso elithi uncle picsou n uncle scrooge ngesingisi leli dada elicebe kunawo wonke emhlabeni lidume ngokuba ne avarice nohlangothi lwayo lokuzijabulisa upicsou liphefumulelwe ngumlingiswa kacharles dickens u ebenezer scrooge ku a christmas carol umc isifinyezo semac enamathiselwe egameni lomndeni wakhe ukhumbula imvelaphi yakhe yasescotland abaculi bebefuna ukuhlonipha le khathuni ngemisebenzi efana naleyo yomculi u alessio cacciatore efrance kungaphansi kwegama likamalume harpagon eliphefumulelwe ngumlingiswa ophakathi we l avare ngumolire ngenxa ye avarice yakhe lapho avele khona okokuqala kudonald et le secret du donjon ngo ngama s wabizwa ngo uncle edgar emigqeni eminingi yamahlaya noma umalume ujrmie mcduck ebelgium ngaphambi kokugcina amukele ubalthazar scrooge mcduck endabeni evela kumickey s diary eyashicilelwa ngodisemba udonald et la lettre au pre nol incwadi eya ku santa leli gama belizokhethwa nguraymond calame umhleli oyinhloko wejenali de mickey ngaleso sikhathi igama lokuqala lika omer noma kunjalo lizokhonjwa kuye endabeni eyashicilelwa ngo ku journal of mickey umalume scrooge uhlala ezuza i the tuckered tiger ela montre de famille sifunda ukuthi kwathi lapho efika emelika lapho uscrooge owayebizwa ngaleso sikhathi ngokuthi ubalthazar mcpicsou anquma ukususa inhlayiyana mac egameni lakhe uhlobo lwesifulentshi lwesihlahla somndeni ngudon rosa uqinisekisa ukuthi uscrooge nodadewabo ababili umatilda nohortense bangabokuqala emndenini ukuthi benze abemelika isibongo sabo kula jeunesse de picsou udon rosa unikeza upicsou isidlaliso sikabuck mcduck esihunyushwe ngezinguqulo zesifulentshi ngubuck picsou phakathi neminyaka yakhe yokuqala emelika ujacob mpharanyana radebe ephreli agasti wayengumculi waseningizimu afrika ongumculi nombhali wezingoma umculo wakhe uvame ukuhlukaniswa nge jazz i fusion idisco isoul kanye ne mbaqanga izingoma zikaradebe zazibhalwe ngesisuthu ikakhulukazi kodwa wayevamise ukucula ngesingisi uradebe uzalelwe ekatlehong e east rand kanti nentshisekelo yakhe emculweni yaqala esemncane wayethathwa njengomunye wamazwi anamandla kakhulu emphefumulweni waselokishini kwisprings wayedlala nethe peddlars kanti ekatlehong wayengumculi ohamba phambili wethe weavelets elinye lamalungu aleli qembu bekungulloyd lelosa ogcine ngokudlala ikhibhodi ku stimela eminyakeni yama kwaze kwaba sekushoneni kwakhe uradebe wasebenza nenqwaba yabaculi abadumile baseningizimu afrika okubalwa kubo uray phiri nowest nkosi abenza nabo iqembu ithe cannibals wayaziwa ngokukhwehlela ngesikhathi ecula wayenokukhwehlela okungamahlalakhona abakhiqizi ababezokuhlela phambilini kodwa kamuva kwenziwa uhlobo lwentengiso yomculo i africa kanye neglobal african diaspora summit yingqungquthela yamazwe ngamazwe yamakolishi ehlelwe yi undp south africa ngokubambisana ne ngokomlando amakolishi namayunivesithi hbcu uhulumeni nemikhakha ezimele inhloso yengqungquthela ukuqinisa ubambiswano lwamazwe omhlaba phakathi kwe hbcu izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme e afrika kanye ne african diaspora ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yemfundo yabo bonke abantu abavela e afrika izikhulumi ezihlonishwayo zifaka phakathi ungqongqoshe ehhovisi likamengameli waseningizimu afrika jackson mthembu nowayengumongameli wasemalawi joyce banda umhlangano wokuqala wabanjwa ngonyaka wezi ngaphansi kwengqikimba ethi ukuqhubekisela phambili imfundo esezingeni labo bonke abantu bomdabu wase afrika ngezinhloso ezithile ukugqamisa okukhona nokwakha ubudlelwano obusha bezikhungo obuthuthukisa ukufinyelela emfundweni esezingeni labantu bezizukulwane zase afrika ukuhlonza nokuthuthukisa umgwaqo wendlela izenzo ezingasiza ukufaka isandla ekusetshenzisweni kwe sustainable development goals sdgs ngokugxila ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukiseni imiphumela yezemfundo ukuze kuzuzwe i sdg kanye nokusungula nokugcina ukubambisana okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kwamazwe angamalungu ezizwe ezihlangene izikhungo zemfundo i undp i afrika ama ngo ama cso kanye nezinhlangano ezihlangene ingqungquthela ka yale ngqungquthela yabanjwa cishe futhi yabona inani lababambe iqhaza liphindwe kabili lisuka cishe kuma ngonyaka owedlule laya ku ingqikimba ethi izindlela zezimali ezintsha ibhekane nezinkinga ezifana nokuqoqwa kwemithombo yasekhaya izinsizakalo zezezimali ezibandakanya ukulingana kwangasese namabhondi ama sdg ezezimali ezihlanganisiwe ukuqongelela imali kubalingisi abangajwayelekile imikhiqizo yezimali edijithali kanye nezimali ezithunyelwa ezosiza ukubuyiselwa kwemali ngemuva kwe covid amafilimu noma amamovie olunye uhlobo lwezindlela zokuxhumana ezisebenzisa okubonwayo ukuxoxa izindaba noma ukufundisa abantu okuthize kubantu abaningi ukubuka amafilimu kuyindlela yokuqeda isizungu noma yokuzijabulisa kwabanye ifilimu ebajabulisayo ile ebenza bahleke kepha kwabanye ile ebenza bakhale noma bathuke amafilimu amaningi enzelwa ukuze ezeboniswa kumabhayisikhobhu ngemuva kokuba aboniswe kumabhayisikobhu isikhathi esingaba amaviki amubalwa noma izinyanga kungenzeka amakethelwe kweminye imikhakha abe eseboniswa kumabonakude aphinde adayiswe noma aqashiswe kumadvd disk noma kumavideocassette tape ukuze abantu bezowabuka lamafilimu emakhaya ungakwazi futhi ukuwadawuniloda noma uzibukele wona kwi inthanethi amafilimu amadala ayaye adlalwe eziteshini zokusakaza zakumabonakude ikhamera yamafilimu ithatha izithombe ngokukhulu ukushesha ngokujwayelekile ithatha izithombe amafremu ezingama noma ngesekhondi elilodwa uma imovie projector noma ikhompyutha noma umabonakude udlala lezizithombe ngalesosivinini kubukeka sengathi izinto ezitshengiswa kulezizithombe ziyanyakaza umsindo uqoshwa ngalesosikhathi noma ufakwa ngesinye isikhathi umsindo kwifilimu kuyaye kube umsindo wabantu abakhulumayo okubizwa ngengxoxompikiswano umculo okubizwa nge soundtrack imisindo ekhandiwe imisindo yezinto ezenzeka kuleyofilimu njengokuvaleka kweminyango noma ukudubula kwezibhamu amakhamera asemandulo ayesebenzisa okwakubizwa ngephotographic film yize noma ingasekho iphotographic film umphumela wokugcina usabizwa ngokuthi ifilimu umbhali ubhala isikripthi okuyindaba yefilimu ehambisana nengxoxompikiswano nezinto abalingisi abazozisho baphinde bazenze uproducer uqasha abantu abazosebenza kuleyofilimu aphinde athole yonke imali ezodingeka ukukhokhela abalingisi nezinsizakusebenza ngokujwayelekile amaproducer imali ayithola ngokuyiboleka ebhange noma ngokuthola abatshalizimali ukuba batshale ekuqopheni ifilimu amanye amaproducer asebenzela isitudyo amanye amaproducer a independent awasebenzeli isitudyo abalingisi namadirector bafunda izikripthi ukuthola abazokusho nabazokwenza abalingisi bawabamba ngekhanda amagama okumele bawasho kwifilimu baphinde bafunde iminyakazo nezinto isikripthi esibatshela ukuba bakwenze udirector ube esetshela abalingisi indlela okumele balingise ngayo bese umthwebulizithombe athathe izithombe ezinyakazayo ngekhamera yamafilimu uma ukuqopha sekuqediwe ueditor uhlanganisa zonke izithombe ezinyakazayo ndawonye ngendlela exoxa indaba yonke ngesikhathi esithize ama audio engineers namasound engineers aqopha umculo bese awuhlanganisa nezithombe ezinyakazayo uma ifilimu isiqediwe izindlu zamafilimu zenza amakhophi aleyofilimu abe maningi bese bawafaka kumafilm reels amareels lawo abe esethunyelwa kumabhayisikobhu umshini osebenza ngogesi obizwa ngeprojector ukhanyisa ilambu elixhophayo kuleyofilimu ukuze abantu abahlezi egumbini elimunyama bezoyibuka esikrinini esikhulu igenre igama lesingisi elisho uhlobo lwefilimu noma isitayela sefilimu amafilimu kungenzeka kube ngaqanjiwe noma atshengisa impilo yangempela noma akuhlanganisa kokubili lokhu ayizigidi ngezigidi amafilimu enziwa unyaka nonyaka kepha ayincosana kulawo angalandeli imithetho ebekiwe noma izindatshana amanye amafilimu ayaye axube izinhlobo ezimbili kuya ngaphezulu amafilimu amaningi alahlekelwa yimali kodwa amanye enza izigidi zama miliyoni noma ngabe ngama dollars ama euros noma ama pounds endiya amafilimu ayinxenye enkulu kakhulu yomnotho wezwe lomukhakha usubuswe yizimboni ezinkulu ezimubalwa isikhathi eside okubalwa kuzo i mgm ua i warnerbros i columbia i lucasfilm i paramount noma i disney ziningi izimboni ezinkulu ezinikezana usizo oludingekayo ukwenza amafilimu okunjengama special effects ukukhanyisa ukwakha izakhiwo zokuqopha iningi lalaba basebenzi bangaphansi kwezinyunyana ezishoyo ukuba amalunga azo kumele abhadalwe umholo ongakanani ziyisibalo esikhulu izimboni ezincanyana nazo ezinikezana usizo njengezindawo zokuqopha umculo eziqopha umculo ziwuqophela ama sound tracks nama cgi okuyizithombe ezidwetshwe ngekhompyutha ekugcineni kunezimboni ezidayisa amafilimu ziwathumela umhlaba wonke noma izwe lonke kuphinde kube khona izimboni zokukhangisa ezazisa abantu ngaleyofilimu ziyiphromothe zizame ukuheha abantu ukuba bezolangazelela ukuyibuka leyofilimu amafilimu anabalingisi abadume kakhulu futhi enziwe ngemali eningi enzelwe ukuba athandwe ngabantu abaningi ngethemba lokuthi amamiliyoni wabantu azobhadala ukuwabuka lamafilimu enziwa ngemali eshisiwe abizwa ngokuthi ngama blockbusters ama special effects angenza ukuba kubize kakhulu ukwenziwa kwefilimu ikakhulukazi loluhlobo olusha olwaziwa ngokuthi i cgi kodwa abantu abaningi sebeqala ukuwalindela futhi i blockbuster ne blockbuster isizama ukwendlula engaphambili nangonyaka ka amanye amafilimu ayesebiza imali engango million ukuwenza amafilimu ayimpumelelo enkulu angayiphinda phinda kaningi leyomali ingakho izitudyo ziqhubeka nokuwakhiqiza ifilimu yalolu hlobo liyaye likhangiswe kakhulu ezindaweni ezinjengo mabonakude ama billboards nakwi inthanethi kumafilimu angama blockbuster kuvame ukuba nesiphetho esijabulisayo lapho zonke izinkinga endabeni zixazululwa futhi wonke umuntu ngaphandle kwesigilamkhuba uphila ngenjabulo engunaphakade amanye amafilimu aba yimpumelelo ngendlela yokuba izitudyo ziqhubeke zikhiqize ezinye izigaba noma izahluko zaleyo filimu ekugcineni kwama blockbuster kunama independent movies art movies noma ama indie movies lanka avame ukwenziwa yizimboni zamafilimu ezincane noma yidlanzana nje labantu abangenayo nemali etheni umzekelo yifilimu ebizwa ngokuthi the blair witch project eyabiza inani elingama ukuyenza kodwa eseyenze imali ebalelwa kuma million ngokuthengisa amathikithi nama dvd amafilimu anjengalena awavamile futhi avame ukudunyiswa underground ngokuxoxelana kwabantu ukuze abe yintando yabantu noma adume kodwa hhayi njengama blockbuster ama independent movies avame ukuxoxa izindaba ezicubunguliwe noma ezingajwayelekile futhi kuyenzeka zibe neziphetho ezidabukisayo ezingathandwa izitudyo ezinkulu ngoba ziyaye zingabi naso isiqiniseko sokuba umphakathi uzozizwa kanjani ngazo kukancane ukuba lamafilimu enze imali eningi kodwa uma ekwazile ukuphumelela izitudyo ezinkulu ziyaye zizame ukuxhumana nabantu abayenza ngokushesha ukuze bezongena kwisivumelwano nabo ngokubathembisa imali eningi ukuba benze enye ifilimu imvamisa leyofilimu entsha nemali yayo enkulu nabalingisi abakhulu iyaye ingabi impumelelo njengale yokuqala iriphabhuliki yephalamende igama lohlobo lukahulumeni lendlela yokwenza isetshenziswa emazweni amaningi kwindlela yasephalamende izishayamthetho inxenye kahulumeni ebeka imithetho izishayamthetho ziphinde zinikezele ngamandla kwi executive inxenye kahulumeni eyenza isiqiniseko sokuba imithetho iyalandelwa lokhu kungukwakheka okulula kweriphabhuliki yephalamende umehluko indlela izishayamthetho ezithola ngayo amandla izishayamthetho kaziqokwa ngobusayo noma kusukela ekuzalweni njengamakhosi abahlali balelozwe ibona abakhetha izishayamthetho ngokuvota lokhu kusho ukuthi i executive ithola amandla wayo kwizishayamthetho kodwa izishayamthetho zona zithola amandla wazo kubantu abantu baqoka izishayamthetho baningi abantu abakwizishayamthetho labobantu babe sebehlanganyela baqoke oyedwa ozoba ngumholi wabo umholi ujwayele ukuba ilunga lezishayamthetho igama la lesisikhundla nguprime minister emazweni amaningi u prime minister ngumholi kahulumeni lomuntu nguyena ohola izwe ngalendlela abantu banamandla ngemuva kweriphabhuliki yephalamende ibona abakhetha imikhakha ezokwenza uhulumeni asebenze ngendlela efanele lendlela yokwenza ihlukile kwezinye izindlela zasemaphalamende ngoba izishayamthetho ziqokwa ngendlela ehlukile kwezinye izindlela zasemaphalamende amalunga aqokwa ngumholi wezwe abaholi bomdabu noma ngokuzalwa kwiriphabhuliki yephalamende ngabantu abaqoka amalunga abantu bakwenza lokhu ngokuvota kwezinye izikhathi bavotela wonke umuntu osephalamende kwezinye izikhathi bavotela abantu bangakubo osopolitiki ababavotelile bayahamba beye ephalamende beyobeka imithetho baphinde baqoke umholi wezwe lokhu kunikeza abantu amandla okukhetha ukuba ngubani ozongena kuhulumeni u adam mahomed habib owazalwa ngo unguprofesa waseningizimu afrika wejografi yezepolitiki umqondisi ozayo wesikole sasempumalanga nezifundo zase afrika iyunivesithi yaselondon kusukela ngomhlaka januwari nowayenguvice chancellor kanye nothishanhloko wase university of the witwatersrand iwits egoli eningizimu afrika wathatha ngokusemthethweni isikhundla sokuba yi vice chancellor ngomhlaka kunhlangulana lapho kuphela isikhathi sobandlululo wakhe uloyiso nongxa uphinde waba yiphini likasekela shansela wase university of johannesburg ufunda emhlanganisweni weyunivesithi yaseningizimu afrika neyasemelika uhabib uthweswe iziqu njengososayensi wezepolitiki njengoba ethole iziqu zakhe zebachelor and master of arts e university of kwazulu natal ibachelor of arts honours enyuvesi yase witwatersrand ne mphil yakhe i phd evela esikoleni esithweswe iziqu secity university yase new york ngaphambi kokuqokwa njengephini likasekela shansela wokucwaninga ukuqamba nokuthuthuka enyuvesi yasegoli wasebenza njengomqondisi omkhulu wohlelo lwentando yeningi nokubusa lomkhandlu wokucwaninga ngezesayensi yabantu ngaphambi kwalokho wayengumqondisi wokusungula wecentre for civil society futhi enguprofesa ocwaningweni esikoleni sokuthuthukiswa kwezemfundo e university of kwazulu natal uhabib usebenze njengomhleli obambisene womabili amaphephabhuku wezesayensi yezenhlalo itransformation kanye nephephabhuku elisemthethweni lokuqondisa izigwegwe lesouth african association of political science politkon ubuye futhi ahlale emabhodini okuhlela akwavoluntas kanye naseningizimu afrika labour bulletin usebenze njengomhloli wangaphandle futhi wahlola iziqu zemaster nezobudokotela zamanyuvesi amaningi aseningizimu afrika okubalwa itheku westville ikwazulu natali iwitwatersrand ikapa kanye nerhodes uhabib ushicilele izincwadi eziningi ezihleliwe izahluko zezincwadi kanye nezindatshana zeminyaka engamashumi amabili edlule ezindaweni ezinengcindezi yentando yeningi nasekuhlanganisweni kwayo eningizimu afrika izinhlangano zomphakathi zanamuhla ububele ukunikela kanye nomthelela wazo ekuqedeni ubumpofu nentuthuko izinguquko ezikhungweni ukuguquka ubunikazi nokuziphendukela kwabo esikhathini sangaphambi kobandlululo kanye neqhaza leningizimu afrika e afrika nakwamanye amazwe ungumuntu owaziwayo emphakathini eningizimu afrika onemibono evame ukufunwa yimithombo yezindaba yokuphrinta nokusakaza ngodisemba i university of the witwatersrand yamema uhabib ukuthi abe yiphini likashansela olandelayo waleso sikhungo ngo okthoba uhabib waboshwa futhi wadingiswa ngesikhathi endiza esikhumulweni sezindiza ijohn f kennedy enew york city uhabib wayefunde enew york ngenkathi efunda isikole futhi wayehambele kaningi enew york esikhathini esedlule lolu hambo belungolwalunye nozakwabo be human sciences research council yaseningizimu afrika uhambo lwakhe belubandakanya ukuvakashela inational institutes of health izikhungo zokulawulwa kwezifo kanye nebhange lomhlaba ngonovemba uhabib nomkakhe bathola ukuthi yena nezingane zabo ezimbili eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili neneminyaka engu nabo bazovinjelwa ukungena e usa ngonovemba ngokusho kwethe new york times imelika yazisa uhabib ukuthi wayevinjelwe ukungena ngenxa yezinsolo zokuzibandakanya nezenzo zobuphekula ichristian science monitor ibike ukuthi uvinjelwe ngenxa yokuthi exhumene nobuphekula ngemuva kokukhishwa kwesizathu i aclu yashintsha imizamo yayo yokuthola ubufakazi obusekela izinsolo uma bukhona bukhishwa ngo januwari ngemuva kokulinda iminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu umnyango wezwe lasemelika uthathe isinqumo embhalweni osayinwe ngunobhala wombuso uhillary clinton wokuqeda ukuvinjelwa okwenqabela uhabib kanye notariq ramadan waseswitzerland ukungena e united izwe izinkanyezi se yezinkanyezi kuyinto isayensi yemvelo lokho kufunda into yasezulwini futhi izenzakalo isebenzisa imathemathiki iphysics futhi ikhemistri ukuze ichaze imvelaphi yazo nokuziphendukela kwemvelo ukuze bachaze imvelaphi kanye kwemvelo izinto ye ezithakazelisayo zifaka amaplanethi izinyanga inkanyezi inebula futhi inkanyezi enomsila izimo ezihambisanayo zifaka kwe supernova ukuqhuma gamma imisebe kuqhume iquasar iblazar ipulsar imisebe yangemuva yemisebe igagasincane ngokuvamile isayensi yezinkanyezi ifunda konke okuvela ngaphandle umhlaba umkhathi izinkanyezi ingenye isayensi yemvelo endala kakhulu impucuko yokuqala emlandweni orekhodiwe yenza ukubonwa kwesibhakabhaka ebusuku esikhathini esedlule izinkanyezi yayihlanganisa nemikhakha eyahlukahlukene iastrometry ukuhamba kwamazulu ukubhekisisa izinkanyezi nokwenziwa kwe amakhalenda kulezi zinsuku ubuchwepheshe izinkanyezi kuvame ukuthi kuthiwa buyafana ne astrophysics ukubhekisia izinkanyezi ihlukaniswe yaba kanye okomcabango amagatsha ukubhekisia izinkanyezi igxile ekutholeni idatha kusuka ekubukeni kwe into yasezulwini le datha bese ihlaziywa kusetshenziswa imigomo eyisisekelo iphysics inkolelo izinkanyezi ibheke ekwakhiweni kwamamodeli wekhompiyutha noma wokuhlaziya ukuchaza izinto zezinkanyezi nezimo lezi zinkambu ezimbili ziyahambisana inkolelo izinkanyezi ifuna ukuchaza imiphumela yokuqaphelisisa futhi ukubheka kusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa imiphumela yethiyori imfundamakhwela adlala indima ebonakalayo kusayensi izinkanyezi ingenye yesayensi embalwa lapho kwenzeka lokhu lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ekutholakaleni nasekuqapheleni imicimbi yesikhashana imfundamakhwela izinkanyezi zisizile ngokutholwa okuningi okubalulekile njengokuthola izinkanyezi ezinomsila ezintsha 
