

#Article 2: Ndimaagu (136 words)


Ndimaagu Fulɓe no yiɗaa, ina fooɗanee ina haɓanee. Pullo ina fottani hoore mum ndimaagu haa seettanaa e nder leydi Mali hee. To Fuutaaji: Senegal, Moritani, Ginee, na nganndiraa harameeji jeeɗiɗi.

Ko woowi ina anndaa so wonii e maɓɓe biiɗo Harameeji am jeeɗiɗi, haalii goonga. Ko firtata harameeji jeeɗiɗi to ɗi kaaletee too? Kanji jeeɗiɗi ɗii eɗi ni:

Ɗii karminaaɗi waɗeeɗe no kuuriranoo? Ko adan, Fulɓe ngollanno jamma e nyalawma.  ɓe nyaamannoo ko seeɗa. Ɓe keddoroo ko yonata ɓe. Hakkillaaji maɓɓe ngarta, kooloo e waawande katojinal maɓɓe.

ɓe ndeeniri ndimaagu ngam hulde gacce. ɓe kaalataa, ɓe mbaɗataa ko hersinii. ɓe ngoɗɗitii ndeereeru e ngaameela.

Ko yawde ko danyi maa waasde lonngere wuurnoore. Ko o jonndiniiɗo jiɗniiɗo ngam ko nafoowo o lorlataa. Dimo na wondi e needi moƴƴiri.

Ndeen soklinannoo neɗɗo ko nyaamde, koltu e hoɗorde na newinoo.




#Article 3: Maali (553 words)


Maali (fr. Mali) ko leydi e Afiriik. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 1.240.192 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2016 yimɓe 17.994.837. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Maali yo Bamako (1.926.748 (2012)).

Maali yo leydi gorgal Afiriik. Kayri ɓuri fuu mawnude e leyɗe gorgal Afiriik fuu. Endi hawti keerol e Gine, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Koddiwaar, Nijer e Aljeri. Hooreejo ndii leydi ana wi'etenoo Bah N'Daw. Kanko woni kaananke ɗiɗobo e ley jamaanu demokarasi iwde 1991 warde hannden. Gila lewru awril 2012 kuudeta liɓi mo o yahi o fattoyii Senegal.

Maali: Demography 1961-2003

Maali ina wi'etenoo e nder laamu Tuubakooɓe Sudaan (leydi ɓaleeɓe), ko caggal jeytaare mayri e hitaande 1960 hooreeɓe ɓee cuɓi innde Mali joopiinde laamateeri taarikayankoori ndi jamaanu Sunnjata Keytaa ndii (teemedannde sappo e tataɓere). Laamɗo arano oo laatii Moodibbo Keytaa, nde o ƴetti laamu nguu o fuɗɗi siinude yuɓɓo dawrugol soosiyalismu kono ɗum yirbini faggudu leydi ndii ɓeydi iñcuru renndoyankooru. E hitaande 1968, koninkooɓe folli mo e dow ardungal Muusaa Tarawore. Oon laamii haa 1991 nde jamaaji Afirik keewɗi puɗɗinoo lamndaade heyɗitinoore dawrugol tuugiinde e demokarasi kono o salii kus waylude laamu makko. Nde yimɓe ɓee yaltunoo seppooji to saare laamorde Bamako o felli e maɓɓe, yoga e maɓɓe maayi. Ɗum ɓurti hirjinde murtital ngal haa larme oo folli mo e dow ardungal Ahmadu Tumaani Tuure. Oon yuɓɓini woote o hokkiti siwiljo laamu nguu, ɗum ko Umaar Konaare. Nde oon timmini happu mum Tumaani Tuure warti kadi e nder dawrugol Maali fooli e woote laatii persidan haa folleede mum 2012. Polluɗo mo oo, ɗum ko Amadu Sanogo, wi'i ko sabaabe ɗaatere makko waɗi si konuuli murtuɓe Tuwaaregɓe e lislaamiyankooɓe naati hakkunde janwiye e awril 2012 e nano leydi ndii riiwi konu Maali nguu, oon tuma ɓe pecci ndi ɓe njaltini e fewjoore laamu Bamako. Ɓe ewnii jeytal-hoore leydi maɓɓe ndi ɓe inniri Azawad. Haa hannde ko ɗon wonaa. Barki Alla e ko CEDEAO (Dental Faggudu Leyɗe Afirik Hiirnaange) kammbani koninkooɓe Maali ɓe, ɓe ɗalii ardungal leydi ndii e juuɗe persidanjo laamu cabborgu, ɗum ko Jonkunda Tarawore kono hay gooto anndaa ko ɓe ngoni e mum. Lasindiiɓe duuɗuɓe ina cikki haa jooni ko kamɓe njogii laamu nguu. Leyɗe CEDEAO ɗee ina mbaɗi lelngo naɓugol konunkooɓe 3500 ngam dahitugol nano Maali wartira ɗum e ley laamu nguu kono haa jooni lelngo ngoo huumnaaka taho, hino tamƴinaa non nde ngo huumnee ko ɓooyataa. Lislaamiyankooɓe ɓee mbonnii ko heewi e keyeeji finaa-tawaaji nano Maali yeru laadiiji (genaale mahaaɗe) waliyyaaɓe teeŋtii non to saare Tombutu, ɗum non waddanii ɓe feloore aduna Alla oo fuu.

Maali ana heerondirii e Moritani, Senegal e Gine hedde hirnaange, Nijer hedde funnaange. Aljeri hedde saahal, Koduwaar e Burkina-Faso hedde ɓaleeri. Njaanji Maali yo kilomeeteruuji 1.240.000. Maali ɓuri mawnude Faransi laabi ɗiɗi. Leydi ndiin ana mawni sanne. 

Maali ana woɗɗi maayo geeci. Maayo Nijeer e Senegal ana ley Maali. Weendu Deeboy nduu ana ley Maasina, hakkunde Mootti e Gunndam. Kaaƴe ana keewi e Maali: hono hayre Bannjagara, hayre Ommbori e Adara-Ifora hedde Aljeri. Nokku Mootti ana wooɗi sanne. Fulɓe ana koɗi toon. 

Leƴƴi Maali ana keewi. Maaliŋkooɓe yo Bammbaraaɓe, Seɓɓe, Boobooɓe, Senufooɓe, Saraŋkulleeɓe, Safarɓe, Burdaaɓe, Haaɓe e Fulɓe. Golleeji maɓɓe yo demal, awgal, margol daabaaji, golle ñeeñal e sarawiisinkooɓe. 

Ŋenndi Bamako ɓuri mawnude. Yimɓe ana keewi toon. Endi jogii luube, eɗe mawni! Luumo ngo toon, aɗa waawi soodude kulle fuu aɗa yiɗi.




#Article 4: Gine (877 words)


Gine (e Fulfulde Maasina, Lagine; e faransiire ) ko leydi e Afirik Hirnaangeeri. Hindi kernidi e leyɗe ɗee ɗoo: Sarliyon, Labiriyaa, Koddiwaar, Maali, Senegal e Gine-Bisaawo. Noone laamu mayri ko ndenndaandi (ko wi'etee kadi repibliiki). Hooreejo leydi ndin ko Lansana Konte innetee, Hooreejo guwerneman maa Permiyee Ministir on laatii Lansana Kuyaate gila lewru fabraa'ilu 2007 (caggal murtital jamaa on) haa 20 maayuhu 2008. On tuma Persidan Lansana Konte itti Kuyaate watti .

Kapital ngal, e maanaa laamorde nden, ko Konaakiri, ca'e mawɗe go'o ko wano Kinndiyaa, Maamun, Labe, Kankan, Zerekore ekn. Mbertudi ndin ko 250.158 km², jamaa on no yona miliyonji 11,5 (2014) haa sappo (anndaaka tigi tigi sabu ko ɗuuɗi e ɓiɓɓe Gine ɓen dogii leydi mun ndin).
Gine laatino kalfaandi Faransi ittude 1898 (hitaande nanngegol Almaami Saamori Tuuree) haa nyannde 2 ottoombur 1958, nyalaande hettaare Gine nden. Hooreejo leydi arano on ko Ahmed Seeku Tuuree (1922-1984).
Ɗemngal laamu ngal ko faransi, ɗemɗe leƴƴi leydi ndin ko Sooso, Pular, Maninka, Kisi, Tooma, Berse, Konyagi, Basari, Bajaranke, Baagaa, Lanndumaa ekn. kono ko ɗemɗe tati arane ɗen ɓuretee haaleede. 
Gine hino tawaa e kawtite leyɗe wano ONU, CEDEAO, UA. 

Maanditaare (anniversary) fayɓe waranooɓe nyannde 22 Siilo ɓen ɓadtike. Taw si woodii ko waylii gila Lansana Kuyaate toɗɗaa hooreejo jaagorɓe ɓaawo nde teemeɗɗe fayɓe waraa, waɗtaa haako nyaayaako? Gila Gine heɓti jeytaare e hitaande 1958, Seeku Tuuree laamii, Ginenaaɓe woowti toonyeede waree, tawa hay huunde suusaa ŋaanyaade. Seeku Tuuree wari ko wari koo fow, ɓurɓe ɓee ko Fulɓe toonyanoo waraa, gila annduɓe rewi e marɓe faa e kelɗuɓe buy o wari, haa hannde huunde hinyaaka, lirnyitaaka sakko goɗɗo nyaawee, maaɗum toonyaaɓe yoɓitee…
Gila Lansana Konte ƴetti laamu e hitaande 1984, kanko kadi o warii o toonyii Ginenaaɓe heewɓe, fiikala (although) buy yejjitiino, walla yejinkinike. O lancii cuuɗi e koɗanɗe teemeɗɗe Fulɓe e nder Konaakiri, o raɗike buy e leyɗeele mum’en, tawa haa jooni huunde haalaaka…
E lewru Korse (June), 2006, o imminiino koninkooɓe makko, ɓe warii seppooɓe cappanɗe, hay huunde haalaaka fii ɗum ɗoo kadi…Awa hay gooto nyaawaaka.
Nde 22 Siilo (january), ndee ɗoo hitaande fewndiinde, koninkooɓe Konte fellii warii hedde 230 fayɓe seppooɓe, haa jooni bonnuɓe rewnaaka e laawol, tiindinee nunɗal…
Taw si ɗum ɗoo fow accirte nih, jam waaloo talloo?

Hinyere (inɓestigation) eɓɓanoonde waɗeede fii koninkooɓe fellunooɓe wari seppooɓe ɓen, e lewru Korse, 2006, kam e lewru Siilo, 2007, rewna ɓe e laawol, nyaawa ɓe, maaɗum ɓe tiindoo nunɗal, haa jooni ko ko porɗi, sabu laabiyankooɓe (lawyers) ɓee wenngii tawtoreede maɓɓe e hinyere ndee. Baale fotdeeji (rights groups) no ɗaɓɓira balle cenɗe fow fii heɓtande toonyaaɓe ɓen nunɗal.

Goomu hinyooɓe ko yowitii e ngee toonyannge toɗɗanooma gila e lewru Duujal (May), ka batirdu (parliament), kono haa jooni ɓe woondinaaka sakko ɓe fuɗɗoo golle.

Hari OGDH hino saatii yiidugol e baale fotdeeji goo, nyannde 25 Jolal (Noɓember) fii eɓɓugol fehre lomtotoonde goo e haɓagol toonyannge ngee, o wii. Si tawii men waawaali heɓugol ɗoo nunɗal, men yi’ay ko men waawata waɗde, menen e gollideteeɓe amen winndereyankeeɓe ɓee, fii addugol bonnuɓe ɓee ka nunɗal, o wii.
Goomu hinyooɓe nguu no halfinanoo tefugol annda fii maayeele waɗɗe ka fuɗɗode hitaande ɗoo, ko non kadi fii ɗeya waɗnooɗe e lewru Korse 2006. Hooreejo Jaagorɓe Lansana Kuyaate, inniino terɗe goomu nguu, e lewru Yarkomaa (Oktober), kono gila ndeen hay fus waɗaaka. Himo lutti e wi’ugol, goomu nguu no waggiɗi taho, ko keccel. Yeewtudugol e koohooɓe laamu nguu kam, fii nduu muraadu jooni wontiino ko toŋaa. IRIN wii.

Jooni non, laabiyankooɓe (lawyers) fotnooɓe jeyeede ka goomu (comission) ɓee dartinii tawtoreede maɓɓe heen, ɗum ko fii hollugol tikkere maɓɓe e ko wi’etee jalkite koninkooɓe e cokkooɓe feewde e koohooɓe nunɗal ngal. E nder Gine, koninkooɓe ɓee e cokkooɓe ɓee fow no e dow yuɓɓo nunɗal (judicial system) nagl, Buubakar Soh, Hooreejo Kawtal Laabiyankooɓe Gine yewti IRIN.

Laabiyanke en fow hino e nder tikkere (strike) gila e fuɗɗode lewru Yarkomaa/October, fewndo cokkooɓe (poliisiiɓe) ɓee nanngi gooto e maɓɓe soki, tawi himo yahnoo ka kaso yi’oygol walleteeɗo makko goo jaggaaɗo.

Mammadu Jan Jallo mo minyo mum fellanoo nyannde 22 Siilo, ka seppuru, haalani IRIN wonde:  Muraaɗi kaanay si tawii men heɓaali ko men piirani (haɓani) koo . Minyo makko, Aamadu Wuuri Jallo, suka mo duuɓi 16 fellanooma fewndo koninkooɓe Konte ɓee udditi yiite e seppooɓe, e lewru Siilo ndee ɗoo hitaande.
Ko maanditaare aranere nden woni e arude nih, gila haftaare (uprising) ndee waɗi. Reenooɓe (obserɓers) hino maapii, si tawii ko yoni gollaaka fii nootagol ko ngenndiyankooɓe ɓee hawtaninoo koo, maaɗum addugol bonnunooɓe ɓen ka nunɗal, fii seppooɓe ɓe ɓe tewinoo pas ɓe wari ɓen, si hay fus waɗaaka, hino hulaa wota leydi ndii fettu kadi.

Wonande mawniraawo Aamadu Wuuri on, Mammadu Jam Jallo, e buy e warananooɓe maaɗum daraniiɓe nunɗal e wellitaare e nder winndere ndee, ɓeen waranooɓe maayaali mehre.
E fillaandu makko kanko Aamadu Wuuri, ndu o fillanii IRIN, o wii:  Nyannde 22 Siilo minyo am oo yaltuno seppoyde. O fellaa laabi ɗiɗi, ka wecco (beccal) makko e ka hoƴƴudu. Tawi (hari) himo etaade dogugol koninkooɓe ɓen, ko on saati ɓe felli mo.

Honɗum woni ndun seppuru kuuɓal Siilo 22, e sabuuji (dunyooji) mayru? En yewtay ɗum e winndannde men aroore, ngam hindu yoni ko fillee haa lutta, e nder daartol men enen ɓaleeɓe, wonaa Ginenaaɓe tun. Yo Alla ɓeydan en jam e deeƴere.




#Article 5: Aamadu Tumani Tuure (234 words)


Aamadu Tumaani Tuuree (Amadou Toumani Touré)

Hooreejo leydi Maali on. O jibinaa ñannde 4 jolal (nuwambar) 1948 Mopti. Innde makko no lolliri kadi ATT. Himo anndiraa laataade koninkeejo accitanɗo siwiljo laamu ngun, ko heewaa nder Afirik. E hitaande 1991, caggal jamaa Maali on murtanii Persidan Muusaa Tarawore, lamɗo mo ɓe wemmbinoo fota e juuɗe mum, larme on felli wari yoga e yimɓe kono neeɓitaali Aamadu Tumaani Tuuree liɓi laamu makko ngun nodditi Conférence Nationale, ko ɗum woni konferansi ngenndiijum. Ɓaawo ɗon seeɗa, 1992, woote demokaraasiyankeeje waɗaa, Tumaani Tuuree jonniti laamu ngun siwiljo, ɗum ko Alfaa Umar Konaare. Ɓaawo Konaare timminii happu mum ɗiɗaɓu ngun 2002, Tumaani Tuuree arti e nder dawrugol (polotigi): o fooli Sumayla Siisee ka woote. Gila ɗum himo laamii leydi Maali. O hollitii ko neeɓaali wonde o goddanaa luttugol e laamu saanga happu makko feewndiingu ngun lanni. Kono ɗum haɗaali koninkooɓe follude mo ñannde 22 maarasi 2012 sabu e ko ɓe feliri mo kon, o tinnaaki e tiindaagol murtituɓe Burdameeɓe (Tuwaareg'en) ɓen foltaniiɓe laamu ngun ka nano leydi. Hooreejo ɓen koninkooɓe no innee Aamadu Sanogo. Ñannde 8 ibriilu, Tumaani Tuuree hollitii wonde o accitii laamu ngun o wi'i hay gooto non doolaali mo e waɗirgol non ko kanko tigi e hoore makko anniyii accitugol ngu. 
Tumaani Tuuree ko e leñol Soŋay jeyaa ka jibinannde kono nde wonnoo ko hakkunde Fulɓe Maasina o neʼaa, ko o Hal-pular mo pulaaku mum timmi tis.




#Article 6: Fulfulde (874 words)


Fulfulde walla pulaar maa pular ko ɗemngal Fulɓe e Haalpulaar'en. Ɗemngal ngal no haalee e leyɗe keewɗe e Afirik. Haalooɓe fulfulde-pulaar ina kawra miliyonji 60 haa 80. Ɗemngal ngal ina jeyaa e suudu ɗemɗe Hiirnaange Atlantik, taweteendu kanyum duu e nder suudu ɗemɗe afirikankeeje ɓurndu yaajude wi'eteendu Niiser-Konngo. Ɗemɗe goɗɗe jeyaaɗe e ndun suudu ngoni: ce'aar (ɗemngal seereero) e njolfo. E ɗeen ɗiɗi ko seereero ɓuri ɓadondirde e pulaar.

Pulaar Fuuta Tooro (no gasa ko e ngal diiwal ɗemngal ngal yalti), leydi Senegal Pular Fuuta Jaloo, leydi Gine, Fulfulde Maasina, leydi Maali, Fulfulde Liptaako, leydi Burkinaa Faso, Fulfulde Adamawa, leydi Niiseriya e Kamarun.
Feccoore go'o no waawa wonirde nii:

Ko ɓuri kon e Fulfule ɗen hino humii e gootal e diiwe limtaaɗe ɗoo, e piide misal si en ƴettii Fulfulde Bagirmi, ɗum ko leydi e nder Caad, ko e Adamaawankoore nden jeyaa. Fulfulde Funnaange Niijer ko e Fulfulde Hakkundeeri Najeeriya ɓuri jeydude, Fulfulde Hiirnaange Niijer ko e Liptaakuure e Maasinankoore jeyaa.

So en teskiima, ma en taw ina heddii fahin caltuɗe ɗalaaɗe hono pulaar Fulaadu (ɓaleeri Senegal e Gammbiya), Fulfulde Borgu e nder leydi Benen, fulfulde diiwaanuuji hakkunde Naajeeriya. Kono ɗeen pulfule na ɓadii goɗɗe e ɗee ɗe adi-ɗen limtude yeru Borgu no ɓadondiri e Maasina, Fulaadu no nanndi e Fuuta Tooro no nanndi e Fuuta Jaloo, e maanaa no hakkunde maa fulfulde Caad walla Sudan ko e Adamawa jeydi.

Sincugol ndiin mbinndudi ponndaandi haɗaali faa jooni Fulɓe ndonka fottude e alkule yogaaje, e fiide misal Haal-Pulaar'en senegal wo ñ mbinndirta alkulal ny. Fulɓe Mali e Gine nii mbinndirta ɗum: ɲ. Kadi lurre ina ngoodi to baŋŋe winndugol alkule denndaaɗe (renndaaɗe) yeru ŋg (hade ng), ɗum e wonnde ndin mbinndudi yamiranooka to bensondiral Bamako. Winndooɓe Gine woɓɓe mbinndan nb hade mb jamiraaɗo Bamako oo.

ko Alkule ɗe heewɓe Fulɓe mbinndirta jooni e nder leyɗeele keewɗe e nder duunde Afrik lutti [Seneggal] e [Moritani]. Iɗi pentaa ko [Gine] hitaande 1989 iwde e Abdoulaay e Ibaraahiima Bari; caggal yiyugol heewɓe ina luuri e binndugol [Pulaar] ngol. Alkule ɗeen ko 28 alkulal wondude  nayi goɗɗi denndinaaɗi hono n'g, n'j, n'b, n'd.
iɗi tawee e leydeele hono Gine, Kameruun, Sudan, Caad, Niger, Nigeria...

Alkule : pulaar/fulfulde ɓuri heewde alkule e farayse e arab e enngele… (33 alkulal). Won alkule ɗe ɗemngal ngal jogii weeɓaani tawde he ɗemɗe goɗɗe, ko wayi no alkule ɗ, ƴ, ŋ…

Pirlitgol golle : pulaar fulfulde ina jogii lomto gollooɓe 7ɗo so en limtii heen lomto golloowo naattinoowo : enen, ko noon ne so en ƴeewii gollal jogorngal, to bannge sahaa, angal firlitiree he mbaadiiji keewɗi : maa o ar, omo ara, o arat, o aroyat, o aratno, o aratnoo…

Firo kelme : kelmeendi pulaar/fulfulde ina heerorii fayde  mum, cañki pulaar fulfulde ina ɗelñira karallaagal timmungal e ñeeñal baydungal : ina holla en ɗuum mahdi helmere pulaar

seekirde heen kala arda e maanaa mum.

Ngam añde woɗɗinoyde, sabu en mbaawaa te en kattanaani haalde fof, njahen he toɓɓere sakkitiinde he ndee ɗo lowre, ɗum woni maanaa ɓesɗo.

_ Kelme keewɗe ngam maanaa gooto: pulaar/fulfulde ina jogii hattan seɗde maanaa helmere yaltina firoyon mum tokoson ngonkon nder mum. Aɗa waawi yiyde kelme sappo walla ɓura tawi ko he maanaa gooto. Ngam newnude golle men ƴeften yeru he kelme ɓurɗe baɗtinde he nguurndam fulɓe:

a/ toɓo: jannja, ngatamaare, maamaare, wis_wis, yaral (jaral), juko, Demmba diŋaare, hokkitere, mbayritam, bowte…

b/ laawol: burdubujol(walla ballaŋaawol), mosol, jurol, lappol, bolol, celol, codol,perol, kallu(walla kallol…), mbedda(walla mbeddawol)…

c/ haɓɓude: fiɓde, jomde, ŋaaŋde,ŋeeŋde, raɗaade, wajde, humde, saande (saanaade), worsude, dokkaade…

d/ ndiyam: maayo, caanngol, weendu, fetere (feto), deedal, berjal, reebelde, njarka, sewnde, laddungol…

e/ leydi: ceenal(seeno),mbaalwaaldi, jehjegol, hollalde, jakre, waka jiiju, jaaka maka, wallere, haraawo(karawal, taccoonde),  karhaaƴol(woojeere, tiŋaale)… Eɗen mbaawi teskaade ɗo kelmeendi mbaawndi wallitde gannde kese; eɗen teskina wonde Tafsiiru JIGGO (yoo GENO yurmo ɗum), gooto he sanɗaaji Misira won ko waɗnoo heen ko faati he ganndal ndema

Eɗen mbaawi raɓɓiɗinaade ɗo, tawi kadi eɗen nganndi en memaani fannuuji goɗɗi bayɗi no inɗe kuɗi e leɗɗe, sifaaji jawdi, poñndi (he ɗemngal waañooɓe e awooɓe) e nehaandi (he ɗemngal aynooɓe), keneeli, koode, ekn…

Eɗen mbaawi wiyde ɗo waɗde pulaar/fulfulde ko ɗemngal maanaa, ŋarɗungal. Maa a taw ko ɗuum addani won heen (Bookar Tijjaani Njaay) wiyde ko GENO tellini ngal he ŋarɗeende maggal, wiyi yimɓe maggal “ko MIIN tagani on ngal mbele oɗon ngona ɓe AM”. Eɗen mbaawi wiyde kadi ko ngal ɗemngal ɓooyngal , Bookar Tijjaani hollitii wonde Fulɓe koɗdiino he israa’iilanaaɓe, o hollitii haatumeere kelme teemedere he hebroore walla ɓura, tawi kañje kala eɗe nanndi he kelme pulaar/fulfulde to wowlaango e to maanaa (en njiɗaani addude ɗo laaɓndal to Fulɓe ngummii, holi mo ɓe njiidi).

Kono kadi eɗen poti ustude bakkooji ha ngannden so ɗemngal men ngal ina jogii hattan wuurde haa yeeso e daɗde e gaatuleeje aduna keso o. mbele ɗemngal men ngal ina jogii hannde nduun fittaandu haa waawa ɓamtaade no ɗemɗe koɗdiiɗe ɗe ni. Sabu wonde ɗemngal men ngal limtaaka e ɗemɗe daɗooje ɗo e 2036 ina miijtinii hay so en kulaani.

Kañum ni, wondi ko, hay sinno ɗemngal men ngal wonii ɗemngal maanaa, ko gila hanki, he nder nguurndam mawɓe men keeriɗam. Ko mawɓe men ngollii haa ngal wayi noon. Kono enen hannde en poti laaɓndaade ko mbaɗ-ɗen e ko pot-ɗen waɗde sabu eɗen keewi caɗeele:




#Article 7: Kamerun (318 words)


Kamerun (maa Kamarun; Faranse: Cameroun; Angale: Cameroon) ɗum leydi ngonndi haa Caka Afiriik. Ɗum leydi marndi nafuda haa Caka Afiriik.

Kamerun laatino koloni Alman'en ammaa ɓaawo Konu Winndere Aranu lesdi ndiin halfinaa Faransi e Enngele. Kamerun heɓti ndimaaku mum 1960.

Hooreejo leydi ɗon wi'e Paul Biya. Oɗon laamii lesdi ndiin daga 1982.  Hooreejo leydi aranndeejo Ahmadu Ahiijo wi'ete. O laamii daga 1960 sey 1982.mo laamaké duubi 22 nden mo hokkiti laamou haa kuudidiraawo makko mo wiété Paul Biya. Hanko djogi laamou leydi din haa dukkango handé (2020).

Kamerun leydi demal, leydi durde na'i e kooseeje (adamaawa , mandara ...)

e diwoodi 10 provinces dermaari den wuromawngo (kapital) wi'ete yawunde (yaoundé).

lesdi kamerun eherri gal woyla nijer (Niger) , caadi (Tchad) ; fuunange RCA ; hirna bo niseeriya (Nigeria); fonbina : gine ekatorial , gabon , congo.

Climat leydi man wona gootum nder mayri du. Her fombina woni climat équatorial. E tindiné bee duudal tobo (iyeendé) e non feesaaré laddé tekkundé. Ton man woni guré mawdé ban Yawundé, Duaala (herri e mayo teeku). Her woyla din leydi woni climat tropical bee tobo e laddé koytiido. Ton woni her woyla guré mawdé ban Ngaoundéré, Garoua, Maroua. 

Kamerun mari maadjé mawdé ilandé wadi fombina (Sanaga, wouri, sangha, Nyong...) e woyla (Logone, Benoue,...).

Nokku burdo towgo woni Mont Kamerun (4100 m)

Demngal kuugal e djangirdé ha leydi Kamerun woni Faransaaré e angileeré.

Her Kamerun do tawé leyyi feeré feeré ko 250. Her fombina woni Djumla wieteebé Bantu en (Fang-Beti, sawa, pygmée...) e dow nokkuudjé towdé do tawé Semi-Bantu en (Bamiléké, Bamun, Tikar, Grass-field en...).

Her Woyla do tawé leyyi duddi ko nandi e Fulbé (leydé Adamaawa, Garwa, Marwa...), Mbum (Adamaawa), Fali, gidar...(leydi Garwa), Giziga, Tupuri, Musgum, Mandara, Kanuri, Mafa, Kotoko, arabe chua... (Leydi Marwa). 

Fulfulde do wolwé haa woyla Kamerun fu.

Yimbé leydi Kamerun be remoobé, filoobé, e non be duroobe. Amma ka durgol hertani Fulbé ko fanti nder woyla layri fu.




#Article 8: Alfaa Yaayaa (306 words)


Alfaa Yaayaa Jallo ko lamɗo diiwal Labe wonnoo, fewndo dawla alsilamaaku Fuuta Jaloo. Diiwal Labe ngal laatino fayda feccere Fuuta Jaloo, hakkee ko ngal yaajunoo, tentii ɓaawo dahugol leyɗeele janane wano leydi Seɓɓe (Manndinkooɓe) Ngaabu.

O jibinaa e hitaande 1850, geɗal Kumanco ɓiɗɗo debbo lamɗo Ngaabu on Janke Waali. O etii sortugol diiwal makko ngal e laamu Timmbo ngun. O tawano e janfiiɓe Almaami Bookar Biro ɓen. Nde o tawnoo Faransiiɓe ɓen eɓɓii dahugol Fuuta yewa laamu Almaamiiɓe ɓen, o ndaari no o gollidira e maɓɓe fii no o danndira laamu makko ngun. Ko nden faljere mawnde heɓunoo ardiiɓe Fuuta ɓen heewɓe e ngun jamaanu: ɓe anndaa feere bonnde Faransiiɓe ɓen ko diviser pour régner (waddindira laamoo), e maanaa ko addugol lurral hakkunde ɓiɓɓe leydi fii no joɗɗinira njaggu mun e hoore maɓɓe. Nde Faransiiɓe ɓen foolunoo Bookar Biro ka hare Pooredaaka e hitaande 1896 ɓe immanii follirgol lamɓe diiwe wallunooɓe ɓe gooto gooto kanyun e seekugol leyɗe maɓɓe watta pattaloy pattaloy. E hitaande 1905 ɓe janfii Alfaa Yaayaa ɓe egginiri mo Dahome. Ɓaawo ɗun ɓe artiri mo Fuuta kono o fuɗɗii eɓɓindaade fii dartagol laamu Porto ngun. Portooɓe ɓen huli darja makko huli wota o murtin leydi ndin. Ɓe nanngiti mo ɓe egginiri mo ngol ɗoo laawol Moritani. Ko ɗon o faatii e hitaande 1912. 1969 laamu PDG (Seeku Tuuree) artiri furee makko on kanko e Almaami Saamori Gine. Hiɓe belnaa berɗe Kamerun ka laamorde Konaakiri. Yimre ngenndiyankoore (Hymne National) Gine nden ko e gimol Deemankan tuugii: ko jeliiɓe Manndinkooɓe yimannoo Alfaa Yaayaa ngol gimol.
Hannde hannde Gine no semmbini fii Alfaa Yaayaa ƴettiri mo wa ŋanaajo leydi ndin mawɗo kono taariika makko on hollitii wonnde himo tawaa e bonnunooɓe dawla mo Karamoko Alfaa sincunoo on sabu ko lurre e janfaaji hakkunde yeesooɓe Fuuta ɓen to qarnu 19aɓo lo'ini tugale on dawla udditani kolonaaku laawol.




#Article 9: Labe (220 words)


Labe ko saare mawnde e nder Fuuta Jaloo, Gine ko perefektiir kadi, e maanaa ko noone diiwal. Labe no kerni to nano e perefektiir Maali, to hiirnaange Leelumaa, to nyaamo Pita e Dalabaa, to funnaange Tuge e Kubiyaa. Saare nden ko komin, ko heddii kon ko suuperefektiirji 12: Dalen, Tunturun, Sannun, Jonfo, Kaalan, Nusi, Daara-Labe, Aafiya, Garammbe, Jaari, Kura-Manngi, Poopodara.

Labe no jogii hannde 280.000 yimɓe.

Ka taariika, Labe ko e hitaande 1755 sincaa kono no gasa ka tawee hoɗannde adiinde Labe nden no woodi gila laamateeri Gana maa Malle maa ko adii ɗum. Innde nden ko e haala jalunke ittaa, e maanaa Labe ko hoɗannde Jalunkeeɓe ka attorum kono taariika on ko Karamoko Alfaa mo Labe maandiniri sincugol saare nden. Fewndo alsilamaaku Fuuta Jaloo, Labe laatino diiwal ɓurngal mawnude ngal e diiwe ɗen jeenay. Hingal anndiranoo kadi pooɗotiral ɗuuɗungal e almaamiiɓe ɓen. Ko ɗum addunoo Portooɓe ɓen yaltingol Labe e laamu Fuuta ngun waɗta ɗum laamateeri feere. Alfaa Yaayaa ko laamɗo Labe ɓurɗo lollude on ka timmoode teemedannde 1900.

Saare nden laatino kadi nokkuure ganndal e jannde diina  e wallifaaku. Hannde Labe ko saare njulayaagal hittunde teeŋtii e baŋŋe mbattiigu wondude e Senegal e Gammbi.

Faggudu Labe ndun ko hasii kon ko njulayaagal, e demal, e ngaynaaku e golleeji nyeenyuɓe wano gude leppi.

Labe no jogii kadi jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (iniwersite).




#Article 10: Buubakar Biro (170 words)


Buubakar Biro maa Bookar Biro ko almaamiijo sakkitoro on Fuuta Jaloo. Ko o geɗaljo Almaami Umaru e Neene Jaarii'u. O etino bonnitugol maa ɗuytugol jeyal-hoore ngal diiwe Fuuta ɗen joginoo ngal e tiiɗingol laamu Timmbo ngun. O darniri non laamu njaggu ngu woowanooka Fuuta. Ko ɗun waɗi Bookar Biro haɓidi e ko ɓurnoo kon e hooreeɓe Fuuta ɓen fewndo ngun jamaanu wano Alfaa Yaayaa lamɗo Labe on. Ɗun hawri kadi e fuɗɗagol Porto naatugol e leydi ndin, sabu on tuma hari leyɗe takkiiɗe Fuuta ɗen fow yanii e laamu kolonaaku. Ɓayti Bookar Biro hawrii e Faransiiɓe ɓen ka hare Pooredaaka (hannde ɗun ko e perefektiir Maamun woni) nuuwambur 1896, hooreeɓe Fuuta ɓen fow salii wallude mo. Tawi kadi Portooɓe ɓen no ɓuri aalaaji hare kelɗuɗi. Ko ɗon Bookar Biro foolaa waraa kanyun e wonndiɓɓe mun. Ko ɗon hettaare Fuuta nden timmi, Fuuta wattaa e nder koloni wi'eteeɗo Rivières du Sud, wontoyɗo ɓaawi ɗon seeɗa Guinée Francaise. Almamaaku Bookar Biro ngun hawriduno e murtal Hubbuuɓe ngal, do'unoongal yirbinde laamu Fuuta ngun.




#Article 11: Duungal (128 words)


Duungal (mawninirɗum duunde/suriire), ko wi'etee continent e ɗemɗe Faransi e Enngele, e haqiiqa on ko njoorndi, e maanaa leydi njoorundi ndin si eɓɓindiraama e ndiyam, e maayo. Ko tuddere leydi mawnde, nde ndiyam fiiltii. Winndere nden ana jogii duuɗe jowi. Kannje ngoni: Afirik, Yuroopu, Aasiya, Aameerik, Oseyaaniya. No woodi kadi wi'ooɓe Ostarali hade Oseyaani. Woɓɓe kadi na pecca Amriki waɗa duuɗe ɗiɗi: Nano Amriki (Amriki Rewankoori) e Nyaamo Amriki (Amriki Worgankoori. Woɓɓe kadi na ɓeyda heen duungal Antartiki ngal gilaasi woni e dow mum.
Wonaa duuɗe fuu piiltiraa ndiyam, e piide misal keerol fay gootol walaa hakkunde duuɗe Yuroopu e Aazi ko taariika e pinal yimɓe majje tan ceerndata ɗe. Wano noon kadi Afirik e Aazi no nanngondiri seeɗa sabu leykal bi'eteekal Suez no tokkindiri ɗee duuɗe ɗiɗi.




#Article 12: UNESCO (107 words)


Ka wowlugol: Yunesco, nyoggal innde enngele United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation firiraande e faransi Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture, si waylitaama e fulfude wona: fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (moftondiral leyɗeele adunaaru ndun) wonande needi e ganndal e pinal.
 
UNESCO ko njuɓɓudi hertiindi e nder saccudi Ngenndiije Dentuɗe sincaandi nyannde 16 nuwambar (jolal) 1945. Nyiiɓirde mayre ko: 

Faandaare UNESCO ko:

Unesco no jokki golle mun ɗen e dow porgaraamuuji mawɗi jowi: needi, gannde, gannde wondiigu e neɗɗankaaku, pinal, yewtere e humpito. 

Fewndo ɗoo (2008) UNESCO no mari leyɗe ɓii-feddeeje 193.

Hoolaaɓe kuuɓal UNESCO gila fedde nden sincaa wondude e iwdi maɓɓe:




#Article 13: Ndenndaandi (258 words)


Ndenndaandi (e faransi république, e enngele republic) ko noone dawla renndaaɗo, dawla mo yimɓe leydi ɓen fow hawtiti jeyi. E liddu, si ko laamuuji finaa-tawaaji ko neɗɗo gooto e ɓeynguure mu’um, lamɗo on, jeyi leydi ndin fow. Laamu ngun ko roneteengu iwde baabiraawo faade ɓiɗɗo. Ndenndaandi e haqiiqa on anndaa ronugol laamu. Si hooreejo leydi on (himo wi’ee kadi persidan) accitii laamu, ko woote waɗetee, ɓurɗo jogaade yimɓe on halfinee laamu yeru happu. Si happu on timmii woote waɗee kadi.

Kono hannde hannde no woodi leyɗe wi’aaɗe ndenndaandi ka ɓiɗɗo “ronata” baabiraawo mu’um e piide misal Ndenndaandi demokaraasiyankeeri Konngo ka hooreejo leydi jooniijo on Kabila ƴetti laamu ngun e juuɗe baaba mu’um caggal nde on waraa. Wano non kadi Ndenndaandi Togo.

Wonnde kala halfere “république” nden, e lasli mayre ko res publica, e maanaa huunde jamaa, jeyal jamaa firi, dawlaaji heewɗi hannde waawataa wi’eede no tuugii e demokaraasi sabu hooreeɓe leydi ɓen no jogori leydi ndi ɓe halfinaa ardungal mu’um wa jeyal maɓɓe kamɓe e ɓeynguure maɓɓe. Ɓe jaɓataa woote waɗee maa hay si waɗaama wonataa woote laaɓuɗe. Sifa ɗen denndaaɗe no wi’ee denndaaɗe njaggu: ko neɗɗo gooto maa seeɗa e yimɓe takkiiɓe mo fewjata. 

Si ko ndenndaandi tuugiindi e diina, wano almamaaku Fuuta Jaloo, ko seeɗa e yimɓe annduɓe diina ɓen, almaamiiɓe maa ceernooɓe fewjata. Ndenndaandi lislaamiyankeeri (wano Iran) kadi no gasa takkeede ɗon. E on ɗon noone, si doole almaamiiɓe ɓen feƴƴitaali keerol, e misal si suudu depiteeɓe ɓen no jogii doole aynitugol ɓe, haray no gasa wi’eede demokaraasi maa fewjodal no tawaa e mu’um seeɗa.




#Article 14: Gine-Bisaawo (226 words)


Gine-Bisaawo (pt. Guiné-Bissau, maa Gine Bisaawo, ko aldaa e pocal ngal) ko leydi e Afirik Hirnaangeeri, keernundi e Gine (Konaakiri) ka funnaange e Senegal ka nano. Senngo hiirnaangewo ngon no feewti e Baharu Atalantik maa Oseyan Atilanti. 

Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 36.120 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2014 yimɓe 1.693.398. Laamorde nden ko Bisaawo, 395.954 (2010). Leydi ndin hino jogii suriije (duuɗe) wi'eteeɗe Bijaago. Ka taariika ka laamu Ngaabu, jeyannongu e laamateeri Malle (Empire du Mali) ɓuri lollude. Portokeesuuɓe ɓen adino jogaade daande maayo leydi ndin ɓe huutori ɗum e golleeji maɓɓe ngeeygu jiyaaɓe ɓaleeɓe. Ko non ɓe naatiri seeɗa seeɗa e leydi ndin fow haa ɓe watti ndi e ley karhankaaku maɓɓe. Hitaande 1956 fedde wi'eteende PAIGC (Fedde wonannde hettaare Gine Bisaawo e Kaapo Werde) fuɗɗii cippiro ngon. Nyannde 24 sutaambar ɓe noddi jeytal hoore leydi ndin. Hooreejo-leydi arano on laati Luis Cabral. E nder hitaande 1980, caggal sokolaaji heewɗi e baŋŋe ngaluuji leydi, miniteeriiɓe folli Cabral laamii. Ko João Bernardo Vieira laatinoo hooreejo maɓɓe haa kanko kadi miniteeriijo go'o wi'eteeɗo Kummba Yala jaɓti laamu ngun e juuɗe makko. Vieira dogi yahri Portokeesi. Fitina e jiiɓu-jaaɓu naati e leydi ndin. Kummba Yala kadi follaa, rebeljo inneteeɗo Mane naati e murtaldu. Kono gila woote sakkitiiɗe ɗen hitaande 2005 (ko João Bernardo Vieira ganyinoo ɗe) Gine Bisaawo heɓtii deeƴere seeɗa.

Demography: Gine-Bisaawo 1961-2003




#Article 15: Lansana Konte (1343 words)


O jibinaa heedde 1934 e hoɗo no wi'ee Buraamayaa (woɓɓe no wi'a ko Lummbayaa) e nder diiwal Dobirikaa, leydi daande baharu ndin. Ko ɗon o janngi e duɗal Alqur'aana o naati kadi lekkol kono no sikkaa o feƴƴaali duɗal aranal ngal. Ɓaawo ɗum Lansana Konte yahri e lekkolji ekkitorɗi miniteeriyaagal Bingerville (Koddiwaar) e Sen-Luwii (Senegal). 

E hitaande 1955 o naati ka larme Faransi o nawraa Aljeri fewndo konu wonande hettaare ndin leydi e hitaande 1957. Caggal ɗum Konte hooti Gine, tawi leydi ndin heɓtii hoore mum e kolonaaku Faransi nyannde 2 uktuubar (yarkomaa) 1958. O naati e nder larme Gine on o wallitii semmbingol mo. Ɓaawo miniteeriiɓe Portokeesiiɓe e dartiiɓe laamu Gineyankeeɓe yanii e leydi ndin nyannde 22 nuwambar (jolal) 1970 e dow anniyee liɓugol laamu hooreejo-leydi on Seeku Tuuree, Konte hino tawanoo e wallitiiɓe danndugol leydi ndin. Ko ɗum waɗi o ɓeydanaa garaadu o waɗaa kapiten 1971. E hitaande 1973 Konte waɗaa kumaandan diiwal Boke ngal, takkiingal Gine-Bisaawo, leydi laatinoondi on tuma no haɓee fii sortugol hoore mum e kolonaaku Portokeesi'en, tawi kadi Gine no tammbitii fedde PAIGC, laatinoonde hino ardii ngon cippiro.

Nyannde 26 maarasi (mbooyi) 1984 Persidan Seeku Tuuree feƴƴini. Yimɓe makko ɓen woni e pooɗondirgol laamu ngun haa larme on tawi ko maa ƴetta ngu fii wota hare ɓiɓɓe leydi huɓɓu. Njuɓɓudi laamu inneteendi CMRN (Conseil Militaire de Redressement National, e Pular: Teekun Miniteeri wonande Feewnitaare Leydi) sincaa. Lansana Konte, tawi nden o wontiino kolonel, waɗaa hooreejo teekun on, e maanaa o laati hooreejo-leydi Gine. Wondiɗɗo makko on Jaraa Tarawore laatii jaggo (Premier Ministre). Fillitaama wonndema ko Jara Tarawore adanoo toɗɗeede kono o salii, o wi'i wonndema nde tawnoo Seeku Tuuree, lamɗo fawnooɗo laamu sattungu e jamaa on ko Maninkaajo, haanaa ka kanko Jara Tarawore Maninkaajo go'o kadi halfinee laamu. Ko non laamu ngun yaniri e Lansana Konte, ɓurnooɗo duuɓi on hakkunde maɓɓe. Kono neeɓaali fota kamɓe ɗiɗo ɓe fuɗɗii lurrude e fii laamu ngun. Nyannde 4 yuliyuhu (morso) 1985, tippude e ko wi'aa kon, Jara Tarawore etii hippagol laamu ngun tawi Lansana Konte hino yahi Lome (laamorde Togo) e kawrital leyɗe CEDEAO/ECOWAS (kawtital leyɗe Afirik Hiirnaangeeri e baŋŋe ngaluuji-leydi). kippugu laamu (coup d'État) ngun fogi, Tarawore e yimɓe mum ɓen wondude e yimɓe laamu Seeku Tuuree sokanooɓe wano Siyaaka Tuuree, Ismaa'iila Tuuree, Maamadii Keyta, Muusaa Jakite ekn. nanngaa fellaa. Fahin ofisiyeeɓe Maninkaaɓe heewɓe waraa e ɗum. Yimɓe lancooɓe yani e galleeji e jawle Maninkaaɓe Konakiri bonni. Ɗen balɗe ɗon Konte yewti jamaa on ka Palais du Peuple o ewnii ɓe e haala Sooso: wo fataara, ko ɗum woni on tewi. Haa hannde Lansana Konte no jokki felireede ɗin konnguɗi. E haqiiqa on, haa hannde hay gooto faltaaki ko laaɓi kon ko feƴƴunoo fewndo ko wi'aa Gine gila on tuma Coup Diarra.

Ɓaawo ɗon Konte ɓurɗi tamude laamu ngun o hawtindiri taaqa hooreejo-leydi e ministir defansi. Kono e hitaande 1992, tawi hoodere demokaraasi no fuɗɗii jalbude e leyɗeele ɗuuɗɗe winndere nden, tawi kadi hooreeɓe opozisiyon on (feddeeji dartiiɗi laamu ngun) e nder Gine tigi wano Alfaa Konnde, Siraaju Jallo, Baa Mammadu fuɗɗike ƴamude uddital e baŋŋe polotigi, Konte newnani ɗuuɗal partiiji. Woote waɗaa nyannde 19 dujambar (bowte) 1993. Fedde makko wi'aande PUP (Parti pour l'Unité et le Progrès, e Fulfulde: Fedde fii Pottal e Yahrugol yeeso) fooli, Lansana Konte lutti persidan. Wano non kadi o fooli woote 14 dujambar 1998 e dujambar 2003. Lasindiiɓe buy no sikki wonnde ko e dow kansugol Konte fooliri ɗin wooteeji fow.

E nder nguu laamu juutungu Lansana Konte hawrii laabi buy e bononndaaji kono o daɗii ɗi fow: nyannde 2 fabraa'iru 1996 murtal miniteeriiɓe ɗeɓi yirbingol laamu Lansana Konte kono nde tawnoo faandaare maɓɓe wonaano ƴettugol laamu ngun ko ɗaɓɓugol nguure maɓɓe, Lansana Konte lutti e laamu. O fodi ɓe hunnugol kala ko ɓe faalaa, e maanaa ɓeydangol ɓe njoɓdi sabu laatino on tuma ko miniteeriiɓe dowdooɓe ɓen halorta geɓal kaalisi larme on tawa non leyleeɓe ɓen no hattini tampere e ɓillaare. E yunaayiru (siilo) 2005 wi'aama yimɓe ɓe yiitaaka haa hannde felluno e oto makko tawi himo fokkiti hoɗo inneteengo Waawaa (hoɗo yumma makko) ngo o ɓuri tabitirde ɗii duuɓi sakkitorɗi kono o daɗuno. Yiltii jamaa on foltanii laamu makko wallini golle yunaayiru (siilo) e yuunuhu (korse) 2006 kanyum e fabraa'iru (colte) 2007 sabu hari tampere nden feƴƴitii keerol. Ko ɓuri yimɓe 200 fellaa on saanga. Lansana Konte jaɓi e hoore karahan senndidude laamu ngun e jaggal (Premier Ministre) suɓaangal hakkunde yimɓe nayo ɓe bammbodalji (senndikaaji) ɗin holliti. O suɓii wi'eteeɗo Lansana Kuyaate. Neeɓitaali ɗon lurral fuɗɗii hakkunde maɓɓe kamɓe ɗiɗo. E giiɗe lasindiiɓe ɗuuɗuɓe ko toolodal Lansana Konte ngal woni bonnude huuwondiral makko e jagge makko ɗen. Nyannde 20 maayuhu (duujal) o itti tokora makko e jonnde jaggal nden o lomtiniri mo Ahmadu Tijjaani Suwaare, wi'aaɗo no ɓuri ɗaatude no ɓuri yankinanaade hooreejo-leydi on.  

Wi'aama Persidan Konte no wondi e nyabbuuli bonɗi wano jabeeti (nawnaare sukkar) kono ɗum laaɓaali sabu bileten yewtoowo fii cellal lamɗo leydi on hay gooto hollaaka taho. Kono non sikke alaa nawnaaje e nayeewu lo'inii mo sanne, fayda o hunnanaa hankadi golleeji waɗɗiiɗi hooreejo-leydi. Ko ɗum woni sabaabe yaltugol dekereeji luutondirɗi e ɗii duuɓi sakkitiiɗi. Ɗum e wonnde Zeneral Lansana Konte no catii e laamu ngun. Wonndiɓɓe makko wallii mo haa o wayli tuuginorde leydi ndin fii jooɗagol ko ɓuri happuuji ɗiɗi yamiraaɗi ɗin. Manndaa makko fewndiiɗo on ko e hitaande 2010 timmata. O wi'uno e nder yewtere wondude e rajo Faransi on wonnde o tortotaako laamu si on happu.

Ko ñannde 22 dujambar 2008 Persidan Lansana Konte hawri e caate mum. Kabaaru on ko ka rajo leydi RTG ewaa, e konngol Buubakar Sompaare, hooreejo Assemblée Nationale on, ɗum ko suudu depiteeɓe ndun maa mbatu ngenndiiwu ngun. Caggal ɗum Mawɗo Jaagorɓe on Ahmadu Tijjaani Suwaare ƴetti haala holliti wonnde ɗowgu ngun yamirii balɗe 40 janaaʼiza fii faatunnde laamɗo leydi on. Neeɓitaali ɗon Sompaare lamndii yo lomtagol Konte ngol laatoro wano no tuuginorde leydi ndin yamiriri non, e maanaa ko yo o halfine laamu ngun kanko Sompaare fodde happu balɗe 60 haa woote waɗee laamɗo keso lamminee. Caggal waktuuji seeɗa miniteeriiɓe ɓen liɓi laamu ngun e innde njuɓɓudi inneteendi CNDD (Conseil National pour la Démocratie et le Développement, e maanaa mbatu ngenndi wonande demokaraasi e ɓamtaare). Hooreejo ndin njuɓɓudi ko Muusaa Dadis Kamara. Miniteeriiɓe ɓen holliti tuuginorde nden e partiiji ɗin dartinaama, ɗowgu ngun follaama. Sompaare e Suware salii taho yankinanaade laamu hesu ngu ɓe holliti fahin hiɓe jogitii joonndeeji maɓɓe ɗin. Kono ɓayri CNDD on nodditii hooreeɓe follaaɓe ɓen fow to daakorde maɓɓe, ɗum ko Daakorde Alfaa Yaayaa wiʼi kala mo araali ko ɗaɓɓiteteeɗo, ɓe anndi soobee naatii ɓe yahi to daakorde ɓe yankinii. Ɗen ɗon balɗe kadi laamu hesu ngun fotti e hooreeɓe partiiji ɗin kanyum e senndikaaji e mofte siwilɓe ɓen. CNDD on anndini wonnde ko addi ɓe ƴettude laamu ngun ko danndugol leydi ndin hare ɓiɓɓe-leydi e haɓugol coodtaari e laamu bonngu tampinnoongu jamaa Lagine on gila duuɓi. Hay nde wootere non ɓe ŋinyaali Persidan Lansana Konte tigi, ɓe wiʼii tun ko yimɓe makko ɓen bonni laamu ngun. Persidan Lansana Konte ko nyannde juma 26 dujambar qabrinaa. Goyki makko kin wallinaa taho bimmbi law ka Galle Jamaa (Palais du Peuple), on tuma juuloyaa ka Jaamiʼu Faysal, naɓaa ka estaadi 28 sutambar fii yo jamaa on waawu waynaade laamɗo on. Kiikiiɗe furee on naɓaa ka marga Lansana KOnte, ɗum ko hoɗo ngo o jibinaa e mum ngon Lansanayaa ko ton o qabrinaa. Leyɗe e feddeeji adunayankooji ɗin fow wiʼuno jaɓaali liɓal laamu ngal Gine ɓe wiʼi yo miniteeriiɓe ɓen jokku laawol tuuginorde nden. Kono CNDD hollitii wonnde ɓe anniyaaki duumaade ka laamu. Ɓe wiʼi tuma nde woote waɗaa woo, ɗum le ko ko hitaande 2010, ɓe accitay laamu ngun e juuɗe siwilɓe ɓen. Ɓe wiʼi hay nden hitaande 2010 wonaa laabudda, hinde gasa raɓɓiɗineede si ko ɗum woni sago jamaa on. Jamaa Gine on kanyum kan yaltuno ka ɗate holli weltaare mum nde liɓal laamu ngal waɗunoo ko ɗum waɗi sikke alaa feddeeji adunayankooji ɗin sakkitoray jaɓude gollidude e laamu hesu ngun. Kono Dental Afirik ngal dartinii ɓii-feddeyaagal (maamburyaagal) Gine ngal haa demokaraasi on arta.




#Article 16: Fuuta Jaloo (606 words)


Fuuta Jaloo (na Fuuta Jalon) ko leydi doŋi e pelle jeyaandi hannde e Ndenndaandi Gine. Hindi tummbii hakkunde Gine.

Fuuta Jaloo (leydi Fulɓe e Jalunkeeɓe) no wertii e ko yahata 80.000 Km2. Ɗii ɗoo nooneeji leydi no tawee e mayri: boowe, ndantaari, hansaŋere, doŋi, pelle, dunkiiji. Ce’e (teelal: seere) e ayɗe no heewi kadi. 

Buruuji (teelal mum ko: buruure) e wonndiije (teelal: wonndiire) no heddii haa jooni fii kala sunnugol buruuji nyaamii ko heewi e funngo ngon. Fello ɓurngo toowde ngon no wi’ee Fello Luura, hingo hewta meeteraaji 1515. 

E ndunngu (ittude lewru awril haa ottoombur), toɓo no heewi Fuuta Jaloo. Canɗi e maaje kadi no ila e ndin leydi, yoga e maaje ɓurɗe mawnude ɗen, wano Dimmawol (caangol Dimma) wontugol Maayo Gammbi, ɓalewol (maayo ɓaleewo) anndiraangol kadi Maayo Senegal fow ko ton tubbi. Yoga e canɗi go’o kadi ko Kunkure, Kolenten ekn. 
Fuuta Jaloo no hittani fota Afirik Hiirnaangeeri ngam canɗi mum e maaje mum.

Lenyol ɓurngol ɗuuɗude ngol ko Fulɓe. Hiɓe wowla pular, caltuka fulfulde, jeyduka e pulaarji Senegal e Gammbiya kono hika سنلخjogii mbaadiiji makka heertiiɗi. Leƴƴi go’o kadi ko Jalunkeeɓe, Jaakankeeɓe, Maninkaaɓe, Konyaagiiɓe, Basariiɓe, Bajarankeeɓe, ekn. Ko ɗemngal pular ɓuretee wowleede Fuuta Jaloo.

Nyamri Fuuta Jalunkeeɓe ɓen ko ɓuri kon ko maaro, fonnye, kaaba kanyum e kuusuuji wano kappe e jaabere e putee. Fulɓe ɓen acciino nguurndam egga-hoɗa kono haa jooni ngaynaaku no woodi. Yunngo liƴƴi anndaaka.

Also see Kingdom of Fouta Djallon
Ndaar kadi 

Fuuta Jaloo ko leydi hoɗaandi gila duuɓi guluuji guluuji. Hino sikkaa Fulɓe aynooɓe fuɗɗino naatude ton gila jamaanu laamateeri Gana e Malle (hakkunde teeminannde 9aɓere haa 15aɓere. Gooto e murtannooɓe laamateeri Malle ɓen laatino Pullo no wi’ee Koli Teŋella. Hino sikkaa Koli Teŋella ardu e yimɓe mum haa ka wi’etee ɗon hannde Telimile, ko ɗon o surraa (ɗum ko e teeminannde 15aɓere). Ka attorum Fulɓe e lasliiɓe ɓen, ɗum ko Jalunkeeɓe, Soosooɓe e leƴƴi go’o wano Kisiiɓe e Baagaaɓe, ɓe hoɗiduno e hoore jam, teeŋtii nde tawnoo ɓe fow maɓɓe ko sanamuuji ɓe rewaynoo. Kono ittude e teeminannde 18aɓere alsilamaaku fuɗɗii naatude e leydi ndin. Ko Fulɓe iwrunooɓe reedu Maasina wonunoo sabu mum. Nde ɓe tawnoo ɓe fuɗɗike ɗuuɗude e doolnude, ɓe murtitani Jalunkeeɓe ɓen. Hareeji jihaadi wulɗi huɓɓi e leydi ndin. Kono juulɓe ɓen heɓi poolgal. Ko ka konu Talansan, laatinoongu e hitaande 1725 Fulɓe ɓen fooli fes ɓe sinci dawla almamaaku e ley ardungal Alfaa Ibrahiima Sammbegu, ɓurɗo lollirde Karamoko Alfaa. Diiwe 9 sincaa. Kannje woni: Timmbo (laamorde nden), Timmbi Tunni, Keebaali, Koyin, Kollaaɗe, Ɓuriyaa, Foodee Hajji, Fugummbaa, Labe. Diiwal kala no mari laamɗo mum. Ko Almaami on woni hooreejo Fuuta on fow, hella ka dawrugol e hella ka diina.

Fii danndugol leydi ndin piiro fii laamu, tuuginorde Fuuta nden halfini laamu ngun cuuɗi ɗiɗi, Soriyaa e Alfaayaa, happani suudu kala duuɓi ɗiɗi. Ngal lomtondiral ka laamu haɗaali fitinaaji yanude hakkunde cuuɗi ɗin ɗiɗi. Nde tawnoo kadi ko njuɓɓudi laamu federasiyon, diiwe ɗen no jokkunoo tun heɓtugol geɓoy geɓoy e mbaawka kan. Ko ɗum lo’ini Fuuta weeɓinani Faransiiɓe naatugol. Caggal nde ɓe foolunoo ka hare Pooredaaka e hitaande 1896, ɓe bonniti almamaaku ngun ɓe lanci yuɓɓo dawroyankeewo ngon. Ko ɗon taariika Fulɓe Fuuta heertiiɗo on timmi sabu gila on saanga leydi ndin ko e nder leydi ɓurndi yaajude, innaandi Gine jeyaa.

Fuuta laatino leydi ganndal e diina e pinal e ɗin jamaanuuji. En limtay yoga e ceernooɓe, karamokooɓe e waliyyuuɓe nantuɓe innde wano: Ceerno Aliyyu Gommbaa, Ceerno Aliyyu Ɓuuɓa Ndiyam, Ceerno Saadu Dalen, Ceerno Maawiyatu Maasi, Ceerno Sammba Mommbeyaa. Ɓen ceernooɓe wallifino defte ɗuuɗuɗe e aarabuure kanyum e pular, wano deftere diina lollunde, Oogirde Malal, nde Ceerno Sammba Mommbeyaa wallifii e pular.

 

S. G. T




#Article 17: Sarliyon (215 words)


Sira Liyon maaɗum Sara Lon ko leydi e Afirika.

Sira Liyon ko leydi tokosun wonndi e fuɗnaange Afrika marndi falde 71740㎢ (ujune cappanɗe jeɗɗi e go'o temeɗɗe jeɗɗi e cappanɗe nay, feppital kilomeeter). Laamorde nden ko Firiton (Freetown e Enngele), hindi kernidi e Gine ka nano fuɗnaange, ka ñaamo fuɗnaange ko ton Labiriyaa hikkori. Ka ñaano hirnaange ko ton maayo ngon wi'eteengo Oseyan Atlantik woniri. Hindi sennditi e diiwe nay: diiwal nano, diiwal ñaamo, diiwal fuɗnaange e diiwal hirnaange. 
Yimɓe hoɗuɓe e mayri ko wayraa limeede e hitaande 2015 ko 7 075 641 (miliyon jeɗɗi ujune cappanɗe jeɗɗi e jowi e teemeɗɗe jeegoo e cappanɗ nay e goo). Ko e hitaande 27 Seeɗto 1961 leydi ndin heɓtii jeytaare mayri e juuɗe Porto Biriitisi.

Leƴƴi ɗuuɗuɗi hino (ena) e mayri: 

Temeneeɓe ɓen ɓuri ɗuuɗude Sara Lon hikki ɗon Meniiɓe ɓen. Si (so) iwi ɗon ko Fulɓe ɓen ɓuri ɗuuɗude. E nder Sara Lon alaa ka yahataa ka a yi'ataa (yiyataa) Fulɓe; hen fow hiɓe ton. Ko waɗi ɗun ko ɓay ko ɓe julaaɓe nantuɓe innde, jaŋnooɓe, mahooɓe fii raɓɓindingol haala, Fulɓe ɓen hino aƴƴi. Julaaɓe woɓɓe ko Libaniiɓe, Indiyankooɓe; ɓee ɗo fow suusaali fulɓe ɓen kamɓe e waawgol maɓɓe julayaagal hiɓe ŋalɗi e Fulɓe ɓen. (Ɗun ko Allah waɗii ɗun ka ƴiiƴan maɓɓe, kamɓe Fulɓe ɓen).




#Article 18: Gammbi (316 words)


Gammbi (en. Gambia) ko leydi tokoosiri lommbiindi e nder Senegaal, to hiirnaange Afirik.  Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 11.295 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2013 yimɓe 1.882.450. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Gammbi yo Bannjulu (en. Banjul). Hindi jeyaa e leyɗe CEDEAO (ECOWAS).

Gammbi hino jeyanoo e laamateeri Maali ndin. 

E hitaande 1455, Portokeesuuɓe ɓen fuɗɗino joɗɗinde kontuwaaruuji e takko maayo Gammbi ngon, fii yuɓɓingol ngeeygu jiyaaɓe ɓaleeɓe. E hitaande 1723, Enngeleeɓe ɓen woni e soodude leyɗeele e nder Gammbi. Doy-doy, ɓe jooɗii e kaal leykal lommbiikal e nder Senegal, to Faransiiɓe ɓen jooɗinoo. Ɓen etii haa ronki riiwude Enngeleeɓe ɓen, ɓe siifidi e maɓɓe nanondiral 1889. Ittude 1894 Gammbi wonti leydi halfinaandi laamu Birtinkeʼen.

Gammbi heɓti hoore mum e hitaande 1965, Dawda Kayraba Jaawara laatii hooreejo leydi arano on. E hitaande 1981, koninkeejo wiʼeteeɗo Kukoy Sammba faalaa liɓude laamu makko kono Senegal immini koninkooɓe mum, ɓen yahi Gammbi artiri Jaawara ka laamu. Ontuma Senegal e Gammbi hawtiti waɗi konfederasiyon Senegammbi (kawtital leyɗe ɗiɗi) kono ngal kawtital ronki ñiiɓude, ngal fogi 1989.

Ñannde 22 yuliyuhu (morso) 1994 sentere ofisiyeeɓe nde kapiten Yaayaa Jamme ardii ƴetti laamu ngun e juuɗe Jaawara. Hino jeyaa e sababeeji on kuudetaa ronkugol Jaawara humnande caɗeele fagguduyankooje leydi ndin gila jeytal hoore mayri. 

Gila 1994 ko Yaayaa Jamme tun laamii sabu wonnde kala woote no woodi, ɗuuɗal feddeeji dawroyankooji no woodi, ko kanko tun foolata ka woote. Laamu Gammbi ngun no woowi siforeede bonanndeeji ɗuuɗuɗi feewde jojjanɗe neɗɗanke, teeŋtii non ndimaaku jaayndeeji (jurnaluuji). Yaayaa Jamme no anndiraa kadi giggol ɓurtungol wonande waccoore e añugol ŋiñere.

Leƴƴi Gammbi ɗin seertaa e leƴƴi leyɗe takkiiɗe ɗon ɗen: Seɓɓe (Manndinkooɓe), Njolfuɓe, Fulɓe, Sarankulleeɓe, Jaakankeeɓe, Jolaaɓe. Ɗum e wonde ko enngeleere tun woni ɗemngal laawɗinaangal ngal, ko ɗee ɗoo ɗemɗe tati ɓuretee wowleede e leydi ndin: manndinkoore, njolfoore, pulaar. Fulɓe Gammbi, ko ɓuri heewde kon, ko Firdunkooɓe (Fulaadunaaɓe) kono Fulɓe Fuuta Jaloo kadi no heewi.

 




#Article 19: Alqur'aana (1399 words)


Alqur’aana ko konngol aarabeyankewol seekaangol e ‘Alqiraa’ah’ janngugol. 

Alqur’aana: Ko haala Alla, ronkintinka, jippinaaka e Nelaaɗo Muhammadu (saw), winndaaka e kaamiluuje ɗen, egginiraaka jaaɓondiral ngal taƴondiraali, rewirteeka nawdugol mum. 

Alla daali : “Menen men jippinii waaju (Alqur’aana), pellet ko men reenooɓe ngu” (Hijri 9). Seniiɗo on daali kadi: “Pellet ndee Qur’aanaare hinde feewna e ɗum ko ɓuri e ñiiɓude (feewude), wewlinir ɓen gomɗinɓe, ɓen wonɓe gollude golleeji moƴƴi wonnde mbarjaari mawndi hino woodani ɓe” (Issraa’i 9). 



Alla daali: “Pellet nden ko deftere teddunde, meere arataa nde, hinaa yeeso mayre, hinaa ɓaawo mayre, ko nde tellinaande (jippinaande) immorde ka Ñeeñuɗo, Yettiniiɗo” (Fussilati 41- 42). 

  

Toowuɗo on kabrini: “Ko Deftere ñeññaande simooje mum, hooti nde fensitaa immorde ka Ñeeñuɗo Humpitiiɗo” (Huudi 1). 

  
  

Immorii e seydinaa Usmaani Bun Affaana o maaki: ‘Nelaaɗo Alla on (saw) maakii: “Ko ɓuri moƴƴude e mon, ko on anndiniiɗo Alqur’aanaare nden, o anndini nde’. Ko Buxaariy yaltini hadiise on. 

  

Abdullaayi Bun Mas’uud (yo Alla yurme mo) wi’i wonnde Annabiijo (saw) maakii: “Kala jannguɗo harfeere e deftere Alla nden himo mariri ɗum moƴƴere, moƴƴere nden non [ko yoɓirtee] ko yeru mayre laabi sappo, mi innataa alif, laam, miim ko harfeere, kono alif ko harfeere, laam ko harfeere, miim ko harfeere”. Ko Tirmiziy fillii ɗum. 

  

Arii e yeewtoore Nelaaɗo (hadiise) sellunde wonnde o maakii: “Yimɓe tummbondiraali e suudu e cuuɗi Alla ɗin, hiɓe nawda deftere Allah nden, ɓe jannga nde hakkunde maɓɓe, si wonaa deeƴere jippoo e maɓɓe, yurmeende Alla sudda ɓe, malaa’ika hunndita ɓe, Alla jantoo fii maɓɓe hakkunde ɓen wonɓe ka makko [malaa’ikaaɓe ɓen ]”. Ko Muslim woni ko fillii ɗum. 

  

Abuu Umaama (Yo Alla yurme mo) wi’i: ‘Mi nanii Nelaaɗo (saw) hino maaka: “Janngee Alqur’aanaare nden, nde aroyay ñannde darngal ko nde tefanayde wondiɓɓe mayre ɓen”’. Ko Muslimu yaltini ɗum. 


Seniiɗo toowuɗo on daali: “Alif, laam, raa, ko deftere nde men jippini e maa, fii yo a yaltin yimɓe ɓen e niɓe [naɓaa ɓe] e annoora” (Ibraahiim 1). 

  

Alqur’aana ko e tellinanɗe tati nde feƴƴi si nde hewti yimɓe ɓen: 

  

         Tellinannde aranere nden: 

  

Ko jippagol mayre ka Alluwal Reenaangal (lawhul mahfuuz) e noone e saa’a mo humpitaaki ɗum si wonaa Alla e on mo o ƴellintini e wernagal Makko, hari ko womre wootere nde senndaaka, ko ɗum feeñi e ko Alla daali: “ko woni goonga, nden ko Alqur’aanaare teddunde, ] wonnde [ e Alluwal Reenaangal” (Buruuji 21-22). 

  

         Tellinannde ɗimmere nden: 

  

Ko tellagol iwa ka Alluwal Reenaangal addee ka Suudu Teddungal (Baytul Izzah) ka kammu adunayankewu, hino feeña e nder simooje alqur’aanayankooje ɗen ɗum ko hino tuuginee e mum e fii ndee tellannde ko anndinta en wonnde Alqur’aanaare nden tellino e jemma gooto ka kammu adunayankewu. Alqur’aanaare nden hino sifii on jemma wonnde ko barkinaaɗo, o inni mo nokkeeli goo jemma daraja (Laylatul Qadiri). E nder lewru suumayee ndun, nde jippii womre wootere. 

  

Yoga e simooje yeewtuɗe fii mum. Alla daali: “Pellet men tellinii nde [alqur’aanare nden] e jemma daraja” (Alqadri 1). 

  

Tedduɗo on daali: “Pellete men tellinii nde [alqur’aanare nden] e jemma barkinaaɗo” (dukhaan 3). 

  

Seniiɗo on daali kadi: “Lewru suumayee ndu alqur’aanaare nden jippinaa e mun, ko ndu peewal wonannde yimɓe ɓen” (Albaqara 185). 

  

         Tellinannde tammere nden: 

  

Ko tellagol mayre iwa ka kammu adunayankewu ka baytul izzah ara ka ɓernde timmoode annabaaɓe ɓen e nelaaɓe ɓen, koohoojo men on Nelaaɗo Muhammadu (saw) ko ɗum woni seññaa (laawol) sakkitoro on mo annoora jalbi e hoore ɓanndinke denndaangal. 

  

Seydinaa Jibriilu jippodi e mayre ka ɓernde Nelaaɗo ko nde sennditaande e nder duuɓi 23 

e yeru waɗugol fiyakuuji ɗin e yanugol falotooɗi, e ko teetintee e ñaawooje sar’yayankooje. 

Alla daali: “Ruuhul Amiin [jibriil] jippodi e mayre [Alqur’aana)] ka ɓernde maa [an Nelaaɗo] fii yaa laato jeyaaɗo e jertinooɓe, e ɗemngal aarabeyankowal ɓanngungal” (Ashu’araa 193-195”. 

  

Alla dammbii Alqur’aanaare nden e jaati Makko e simooje heewuɗe hino e majje: “Ko pellet hiɗa lonnginee Alqur’aanaare nden [an Nelaaɗo] immorde ka Ñeeñuɗo Annduɗo” (namli 6). 

  
O daali kadi: “Si goɗɗo e sirkuɓe ɓen faabinike ma, faabo mo haa o nana haala Alla kan” (Attawba 6). Ɗum non ko faandaa e “haala Alla” e ndee simoore ɗoo ko Alqur’aanaa.!

Alquraa’naare nden hino feccii e:

 

Simooje (aayaat):

Simoore (aaya): ko hawtitannde konnguɗi jokkondirɗi yoga e yoga haa ka Alla yiɗi yo ɗi taƴu ɗon. Simooje Alqur’aanaare ɗen hino feccii hakkunde makkayankooje e madiinayankooje, tippude e saa’i jippagol majje on: jippiiɗe ɗen ko adtii Fergu Nelaaɗo ko makkayankooje, jippiiɗe ɗen ɓaawo Fergu ko madiinayankooje hay si hawrii hinaa ka saare Madiina ɗe jippii. Simooje Alqur’aanaare ɗen hino yottii (6236), sennditiiɗe e corteeji (suwar) 114.

 

Corteeji (suwar):

cortewol (suura): ko hawtitannde simooje hara hiɗe mari ka ɗe fuɗɗi e ka ɗe haaɗi, ko ɓuri famɗude e cortewol ko simooje tati.

 

Juzu’u walla Juju’u (geɓal):

Aquraanaare nden hino hawtiti juz’uuji 30, juz’u kala hino hawtiti e hizibaaji 2. juz’u e hizibe ɗiɗi non hiɗi mari maande ko ɗi anndiree ka kaamiluure.

 

Hizibe walla Hijibe:

Ko feccere e juzu’u, Alqur’aanaare nden hino hawtiti hijibaaji 60, ɗum hawra juz’uuji 30.

 

b. Senndannde corteeji (suwar) ndin:

 

corteeji Alqur’aanaare nden hino senndii e nooneeji ɗiɗi:

 

Corteeji makkayankooji ɗin: corteeji Jippiiɗi ɗin ko adtii Fergu Nelaaɗo ngun ko makkayankooji, nden dumunnde ko heede duuɓi sappo e tati (13), hino ka Alqur’aanaare heede corteeji 82 makkayankooji, hiɗi maandoree ka tiitooɗe:

Hiɗi maanndoree hella ka tafoodi haala:

 

Corteeji madiinayankooji ɗin: ko corteeji jippiiɗi ɗin ɓaawo Fergu Nelaaɗo ngun, hella duuɓi 10, hino ka Alqur’aanaare yeru corteeji cappanɗe tati e ɗiɗi (32) madiinayankeeji, hiɗi maandoree hella ka tiitooɗe majji:

wano yeewtugol fii:

Hella ka tafoodi konnguɗi:

 

Attiwaalu: juutuɗi, ko ittanndema Baqara haa e cortewol Aaraafi ngol, ɗii ɗoo ko ɗi jeegoo jannguɓe ɓen hino luutondiri fii jeeɗiɗaɓol ngol, e hara Lanfaali e Baraa hawtidete nde wootere sabu anngal senndindirgol ɗi kannji ɗiɗi bisminnagol ngol, on say waɗa ɗi kannji ɗiɗi cortewol gootol, kaa hara ko cortewol Yuunusa ngol?

Ɗi inniraa Attiwaalu sabu juutugol majji on.

Almi’iina:

Ko corteeji hikkiiɗi Attiwaaluuji ɗin, ko ɗin fawnuɗi cimooje teemedere (100) maa hella ɗon, ittanndema cortewol Yuunusa ngol haa e cortewol Su’araa’I ngol.

ko ɗi noddiraa Mi’iina (teeminɗi) ko sabu ngol kala e majji hino fawni simooje teemedere (100). 

Almasaanii: ko corteeji hikkiiɗi ɗin Mi’inaaji ɗin hara (tawa) hewtaali Mufassalaaji ɗin; ko corteeji arooji ɗin ɓaawo Su’araa’i haa ko adii cortewol Qaafi ngol. Ko ɗi inniraa Almasaanii ko sabu annabaaɓe ɓen e qissaaji maɓɓe ɗin hino fillitee e majji.

Almufassal: ko corteeji hikkiiɗi ɗin Almasaaniiji ɗin, ko corteeji raɓɓiɗuɗi ɗin, arannde majjji ko cortewol Qaafi ngol haa e cortewol Naasi ngol.

Ɗi inniraa Almufassal sabu ɗuuɗugol taƴanɗe ɗen hakkunde corteeji ɗin, ɗum ko bisminnagol ngol.

 

Arii e deftere Musnadu Addaramiiyu, immorii e Ibnu Mas’uud wonde Nelaaɗo maakii:

Juutuɗi (Attiwaalu) ɗin jeeɗiɗi ko yeru Tawreeta, teeminɗi (Al mi’iina) ɗin ko yeru Linnjiila, filfilinnaaɗi (Almasaani) ko yeru Zabuura, denndaangal Alqur’aanaare nden ɓaawo ɗum ɗoo ko ɓural.

 

c. ko haani anndude:

 

Ko adtii jippaade:

ko simooje arane ɗen ka cortewol Alaqi, gila simoore 1-5:

 

Ko sakkitii jippaade:

Hulee reento-ɗon e nyalaande nde ruttete-ɗon e mum ka Alla, hooti wonkii kala hunnanee (timminanee) ko ki faggitii, e hoore ɓe toonyoytaake” (Baqara: 281).

 

Cortewol ɓurungol juutude:

Ko cortewol Baqara ngol (nagge ngen).

 

Cortewol ɓurungol raɓɓiɗude ngol:

Ko cortewol Kawsar. 

 

Simoore ɓurunde juutude:

Ko simoore “nyamaande nden” (Aayatul-dayni); ko simoore 282ɓiire nden e cortewol Baqara ngol.

 

Simoore ɓurunde raɓɓiɗunde nden:

Ko simoore cappanɗe jeegoo e nayaɓere (64) e cortewol Rawmaanu ngol.

 

Cortewol ɓurugol mawnude ngol:

Ko cortewol Faatiha ngol.

 

Simoore ɓurunde mawnude nden:

Ko simoore jullere nden (Aayatul-kursiyyu) e nder cortewol Baqara ngol.

 

Cortewol fotayngol e tataɓal (1/3) Alqur’aanaare nden:

Ko cortewol Ixlaasi ngol.




#Article 20: Jara Tarawore (188 words)


Jara Tarawore ko 1935 jibinaa. Lenyol makko ko Manndinke. Ko o miniteeriijo joginooɗo garaadu kolonel wano Lansana Konte mo o ƴettidi laamu ngun Gine nyannde 3 ibriilu 1984 ɓaawo maayde Seeku Tuuree. Lansana Konte toɗɗaa hooreejo mbatu miniteeriiɓe sincaangu fii laamagol leydi ndin, on tuma Jara toɗɗaa kanyum mawɗo jaagorɓe (peremiye ministir). Neeɓaali fota kanko e Konte ɓe fuɗɗii pooɗondirde laamu ngun, haasidi hakkunde leƴƴi ɗin fuɗɗii yaltitirde seeɗa seeɗa. Nyannde 18 dujambar Konte itti darnde mawɗo jaagorɓe waɗti hoore mum ardiiɗo ɗowgu (guwerneman) ngun, Jara lutti ka ɗowgu kono e darnde ɓurnde hoyfude: jaagorɗo halfinaaɗo needi e jannde. Ɗum metti mo fota. Kanko e miniteeriiɓe Manndinkooɓe ɓe etii liɓugol laamu ngun yuunuhu 1985, tawi Konte no yahi e tummbondiral leyɗe CEDEAO/ECOWAS Lome, laamorde Togo. Ko ton o nani kabaaru on. Liɓal laamu ngal fogi, e dow ballal sentere miniteeriiɓe daraniinde Konte. Ɓayri on iwtii Lome, Jara e wondiɓɓe mum ɓen fow, ko ɓuri kon Manndinkooɓe, nanngaa fellaa yuliyuhu 1985. Ko e nder ɗum kadi koohooɓe laamu Seeku Tuuree ɗuuɗuɓe, kasanooɓe gila 3 ibriilu 1984, waraa, ɗum ko wano: Ismaaʼiila Tuuree, Issaaqa Tuuree, Maamadii Keytaa, Muusaa Jakite ekn.




#Article 21: Jojjanɗe neɗɗo maa hakkeeji neɗɗo (117 words)


Jojjanɗe neɗɗo (no wi’ee kadi hakkeeji maa foddeeji neɗɗo) ko alhaali yowitiiɗo e jojjanɗe yummaaje e ndimaaku ngu kala Banii-Aadama hanndi e mum. E ko woowi kon, ko ɗee ɗoo geɗe ndimaaku limtetee nde haala jojjanɗe neɗɗo umminaa: jojjanɗe e baŋŋe ɓii-leydiyaagal (siwil) kanyum e dawro (polotigi), e piide misal jojjannde nguurndam e ndimaaku, heɓtaare anndingol miijo mum, fotondiral yeeso sariya. Hino jeyaa e mum kadi jojjanɗe yowitiiɗe e renndo e pinal, ɗum no huɓindii jojjanɗe tawnugol hoore mum e alhaali pinal, jojjannde nyamri, jojjannde golle, jojjannde jannde e needi.

Ko Bayyinaango Winndereyankeewo wonande Jojjanɗe Neɗɗo (Déclaration Universelle des Droits de l’Homme) tonngunoo alhaali jojjanɗe neɗɗo e bayyinaango mum maandiniingo. Kuulal aranal bayyinaango ngon ko ɗum fewjunoo: 




#Article 22: Fonnye (100 words)


Fonnye (e ɗemngal laten ko Digitaria exilis innirtee) ko huɗo ko toowataa sanne, hino waɗa gawƴoy e gabboy cewkoy nyila e kaakoy pamaroy. No ɗuuɗi nooneeji wano belefonnde, dibon, kansammbara. Fonnye mettaa aawude, hino fuɗa e leydi ndi alɗaa maa ndi heewaa ndiyam. Fonnye hittaa buy e nyaamdu leyɗe. Gine, Maali, Najeeriya, Burkinaa Faso hino jeyaa e leyɗe ɓurɗe hittude ɗen e baŋŋe demal fonnye. 

Hino woodi Fulɓe innooɓe fonnye seremmbe maa fonnyo. 

Fonnye unete si defee nyaamee. Neemaaji moƴƴinirteeɗi fonnye no heewi Fuuta Jaloo, ɗum ko wano mboyri (mboyri fonnye), latu fonnye, laru fonnye, nyiiri fonnye, fooyo, futtii ekn.




#Article 23: Pullo (654 words)


Pullo (keewal mum ko Fulɓe) ko lenyol aynooɓe (durooɓe) hoɗuɓe e diiwaanuuji Sahel takko jeereende Sahara. Hiɓe tawee hannde e leyɗe 15 Afirik Hiirnaange, yoga e majje ko Maali, Senegal, Gine haa leyɗe Afirik Hakkundeeri yeru Caad, Ndenndaandi Santrafirik e Sudaan. Ko woni sabu ngool saakitagol ko eggudu ndu aynooɓe ɓen ɗaɓɓiranta naʼi maɓɓe ɗin huɗo e njaram. 

Hannde non Fulɓe ko ɓuri heewde koo accii nguurndam egga-hoɗa hino tabiti e nokkuure wootere hino jokki golleeji wano demal, njulaagu to caʼe mawɗe Afirik Hiirnaange. Hino woodi e maɓɓe kadi nanngooɓe liƴƴi teeŋtii Senegal-Moritani (hiɓe wiʼee toon Suubalɓe) maa Gine kanyum e nyeenyuɓe. Hannde ɗuuɗal Fulɓe ko juulɓe, ɗemngal maɓɓe no wiʼee pular maa pulaar maa fulfulde, hingal jeyaa e ɗemɗe Hiirnaange-Atlantik.

Ɗunndi Fulɓe ndin anndaaka no selliri sabu leyɗe ɗen woowaa waɗude winndito leƴƴi. Tuumo ngon hino hakkunde miliyonji 16 e miliyonji 25 haa 26.

Iwdi Fulɓe ndin haa hannde anndaaka no laaɓiri. Annduɓe ɓen hino yeddondira gila teemedannde jeenayaɓere nden e fii on fiyaaku. Ko woni sabu mum non ko seedugol Fulɓe ngol e leƴƴi hoɗdaaɗi ɗin to mbaadi. Ko honɗum Fulɓe ɓen tigi wiʼi e on fiyaaku? E hino ɗoo ko bammbaaɗo (farba) Pullo mo Kamarun jantii:

Ɗum suutaa ko e deftere LʼHistoire des Peuls Férobé du Diamaré, Maroua et Petté, nde E. Mohammadu yaltini e hitaande 1976 caggal yewtidugol e wammbaaɓe Fulɓe.
Malle, ɗum ko laamateeri Maali ndi Sunnjata Keytaa sincunoo e teemedannde 13ɓere. Ukba Ben Nafi (maa Uqba Ibn Nafi) laatino mawɗo konu lislaamiyankeejo e teemedannde 7ɓere. Ko kanko dahi leyɗe Maxribi ɗen. 
Sikke alaa, koo ko jantaa ɗoo no haawnii sabu nde tawnoo Ukba Ben Nafi ko Aarabo, ko ɗemngal aarabu o haalaynoo. Wano non kadi, si o arii Fuuta Tooro o resii debbo Sarankulleejo, oon kadi ko ɗemngal mum sarankulleere wowlaynoo. Si ɓiɓɓe maɓɓe ɓen wonii e wowlugol ɗemngal ngal wonaa aarabuure wonaa sarankulleere, e maanaa fulfulde, sikke alaa ko taweede leñol Fulɓe ngol no woodunoo ko adii nde Ukba hewti Fuuta Tooro sabu neɗɗo heccataa mawɗo mum. Fahin, e nder winndooɓe daartol alsilamaaku ɓen, hay e gooto sifaaki jippagol Ukba haa Fuuta Tooro. E ko ɓuri sikkeede kon, Ukba feƴƴaali leyɗe Maxribi ɗen. Kono non hay si tawii ngol jantol tuugaaki e ko selli, ngol hollii wonde Fulɓe no mari iwdiiji ɗuuɗuɗi. Ko ɓuri heewde kon kadi e ko wiɗtotooɓe ɓen woni wiide kon ko ɗum faandii. Henri Lhote, wiɗtotooɗo faransiijo winndi e deftere mum lʼextraordinaire aventure des Peuls wonde Fulɓe no jeydi e aynooɓe ɓe nate mumʼen yiʼetee e kaaƴe jeereende Sahara, wano kaaƴe Tasili. E konngol makko, hiɓe jeydi e leƴƴi ecoppinaaji maa kushitiyankooji hoɗuɗi funnaange Afirik hannde. Maamiraaɓe ɗiin leƴƴi fow ko Funnaange Hakkundeeri (Moyen-Orient) iwri ari jillondiri e leƴƴi taakanji. Wiɗtotooɗo Pullo, Dr. Abuubakri Laam kañum e Misra Kinndi ɓuri tuugaade. Mukarovsky, wiɗtotooɗo otirisnaajo kadi no sikki helmere misraare hinnde ng (yeru kelme goʼo ɗe o limti e deftere makko Die Grundlagen des Ful und das Mauretanische yaltunoonde e hitaande 1963) no jeydi e nagge, e maanaa aynooɓe naatunooɓe leydi Misra Kinndi no jeyaa e maamiraaɓe Fulɓe.  Wiɗtotooɗo faransiijo Alain Anselain kadi no sikki jeydigal no woodi hakkunde Fulɓe e Misrankooɓe aranɓe wondude e leƴƴi Afirik Funnaange-Nano. O hollitii ɗum e deftere makko La Question Peule (1982). Himo tawti e ngon ɗon senngo Henri Lhote mo adi-ɗen limtude.
No woniri woo, Fulɓe senndotaako e leƴƴi Afirik Hiirnaange luttuɗi ɗin, fahin taariixa maɓɓe anndaaɗo on ko e oon diiwaanu fuɗɗii : ko e laamu Gana fii Fulɓe fuɗɗaa janteede e nder taariixa, ɓaawo ngun laamu lancike, dawla Fulɓe arano on, ɗum ko Laam-Tooro maa Tekrur hono no Aarabuuɓe ɓen wi’iraynoo non, feeñi e daande maayo Senegal. Ko ɗon ɓe iwi ɓe saakitii e nokkeeli heddiiɗi ɗin.  Ɗemngal maɓɓe ngal kadi, fulfulde no jeydi fota wonaa seeɗa e ɗemɗe Afirik Hiirnaange wano njolfo e sereer, maa ɗemɗe bantu, ɗum no yi’oo e jogagol fulfulde pelle inɗe (classes nominales) maa e mbaadi yaññugol seekorde gollal (verbe).




#Article 24: Naange (187 words)


Naange ko koodal moolanaangal, hakkundewal e nder yuɓɓo tagopeeje ngo wonu-ɗen ngon e muuɗum, inneteengo kadi yuɓɓo naangeyankeewo maa sato naangeyankeewo. E finaa-tawaaji men kañum e haala men, en wiʼay naange fuɗay bimmbi (puɗal naange) yiiloo haa kiikiiɗe si muta (mutal naange) kono tippude e gannde kese ɗen, naange sottataa hay nii e ɗaa, ko tagopeeje ɗen, e maanaa leydi men ndin, woni e sottude tawa enen hiɗen sikka ko naage ngen. 
Jooni ko honɗum senndindiri hoodere e tagofeere?
Hoodere ko ɓanndu asamaan-yankeeru wulndu jaw, ko kañum rokkata hoore mum ndaygu (lumière) e nguleeki. 

Tagofeere noon ko ɓanndu asamamaan-yankeeru ɓuuɓndu, niɓɓiɗndu, nokkooru ndaygu mum e hoodere ɓurnde ɓallaade ɗum.

Jooni ndutto-ɗen to naange nge, wolla hoodere men ñalawma nde. Naange nge, ina woɗɗi leydi men ndi fotde teemdere e capanɗe joyi milyoŋ km (150 0000 km), palal mbeɗu magge ko 1392000 km. E nge doga taaraade jiriyiringal ngal (la galaxie) 72000 km/h (waktu gooto) so en mbaɗtii ɗum e ɗemngal farayse, mbiyen : le soleil tourne autour du centre galactique à la vitesse de 72000 km/h. Nguleeki magge to hakkunde mbuuɗu ngu ko : 15100000 °C (degré).




#Article 25: Nelaaɗo Muhammadu (389 words)


Nelaaɗo maa Nulaaɗo Muhammadu ko annabaajo cakkito on e giiɗo juulɓe. Ko kaŋko Alla nuli fii feññingol diina lislaamu.

Jibineede Nelaaɗo sallal-laahu alayhi wasallam (s.a.w)

Nelaaɗo Alla Muhammadu (s.a.w) ko Makka jibinaa, e dewo (tenen) ñannde 12 paran, e Hitaande Mawba, ɗum hawri ñannde 20 lewru seeɗto (jibriilu) hitaande 571 J.A.I.

Baabaʼen makko ko Abdullaahi mo Abdul Muɗɗalibi, haashimiyaŋkeejo, qurayshiyaŋkeejo, o feƴƴini wano lebbi ɗiɗi ko adtii nelaaɗo jibineede. On tuma maama makko, Abdul Muttalibi, koohoojo qurayshiyankooɓe ɓen dannkii mo, fawtii mo. Ko kanko femmbi nelaaɗo Muhammadu.

Nelaaɗo Alla ( s.a.w) ko e mo iwdi ɓeynguure teddunde ko kanko woni : Muhammadu mo Abdullaahi mo Abdul Muttalibi mo Haashim mo Abdu Manaaf mo Qusay.. Ɓee maamiraaɓe ɗoo fow ko jaambaareeɓe, ko koohooɓe tedduɓe ɓe laatinoo.

Neene makko : ko Neene Aaminata mo Wahab mo Abdu Manaaf mo Juhrata, ndee ɓeynguure ɗoo kadi hino jeyanoo e ɓuruɓe teddude e qurayshiyankooɓe ɓen.

Hino e aadaaji aarabeeɓe ɓen naɓugol boobooɓe maɓɓe ɓen ka fulawaaji, rewɓe ɓen ton muynina ɓe.

Maama nelaaɗo jonni mo debbo wi’eteeɗo Haliimatu Sa’adiyah, ɓe yahdi ka marga makko (baadiyatu banii sa’ad) o muynini nelaaɗo ton.

Nelaaɗo mawni ka jeereende, ley weeyo laaɓungo, hakkunde yimɓe fulawaa laaɓuɓe ɗemɗe. O woni ton duuɓi nayi.

O arti Makka ɓaawo nde o heɓnoo duuɓi nayi, o wontidi e yumma maako duuɓi ɗiɗi ɓaawo ɗum; yumma makko faatii.

On tuma maama makko dankii mo, o moƴƴii e makko fota, kono kanko kadi o feƴƴini ɓaawo ɗum duuɓi ɗiɗi.

Bappa makko Abuu Taalibi (baaba mum Saydinaa Alii) toppitii mo, dankii mo haa o woni gorko timmuɗo.

Nelaaɗo (s.a.w) toppitii njeeygu wano denndanngal sukaaɓe qurayshiyankooɓe ɓen fewndo on tuma. O anndiraa hakkunde wimɓe ɓen fow yaajugol hakkil e nunɗal e hoolaare, ɓe jammi mo Holniiɗo (Al amiin).

On tuma tawi hino e nder Makka sonnaajo galo wi’eteeɗo Kadiijata o nani fii hoolaare Nelaaɗo, o ɗaɓɓiri Nelaaɗo yo geynginano mo jawdi makko ndin.

Sonnaajo on heɓi jawdi mawndi sabu hoolaare Nelaaɗo nden.

Ɓaawo o tinii ɗum o ɗaɓɓiri nelaaɗo yo resu mo.

O jibinani nelaaɗo denndaagal ɓiɓɓe makko ɓen si wonaa Ibahiima.

Nelaaɗo hino marnoo duuɓi 25 nyannde ɓe resi neene Kadiijata, kanko le himo mari duuɓi 40.

Hiɓe yiɗindirnoo fota, ɓe wuuridi ko ɓuri duuɓi 25 e dewgal barkinaangal, malaangal.

Neene Kadiijata faatii ko e hitaande tataɓere ado fergu nelaaɗo. Yo Alla yurme ɓe fow.




#Article 26: Laamateeri Adamaawa (401 words)


Laamateeri Adamaawa laatino dawla Afirik taarixiyankeejo e leydi Najeeriya, Kamarun e Caad hannde.

Innde leydi ndin ko e innde Moodibbo Adama iwi, on ko mo yeesoojo diina mawɗo on, Usmaanu Ɓii Fooduyee mo Sokoto, halfinnoo raaya (tutawal, deesewal) lislaamu e teeminannde 19ɓere. Ko kanko naɓiri ton diina lislaamu o sinci dawla e dow ballal Fulɓe egga-hoɗaaɓe ferunooɓe ton gila ko neeɓi kañum e seernaaɓe. Kono yimɓe leydi ndin no anndiraa kadi huutorgol innde go’o, ɗum ko Fommbina maa Fommbinaari, ko ɗum woni ñaamo, sabu Adamaawa ko e baŋŋe ñaamo laamu Sokoto woni. 

Ka attorun ko aynooɓe Fulɓe ferunoo ɓaawo laamu Borno saɗtinanii ɓe, ɓe ari ɓe daakii e nden nokkuure wonnde ñaamo e hiirnaange Weendu Caad gila e teeminannde 14ɓere nden, ngun fergu laatii tawo e dow jam e enɗam wondude e leƴƴi tawaaɗi e leydi ndin. Woɓɓe e maɓɓe hino jeyanoo e hinnde Baa’en. Ko e nden kadi Moodibbo Adama jeyanoo. 
E hitaande 1810 Moodibbo Adama halfinaa raaya lislaamu on toraa yo fampo jihaadi ndin, nulnooɗo mo on en wi’ii ko Usmaanu Ɓii Fooduyee, laamɗo Sokoto. Jihaadi ndin fooli ɓaawo piirooji ɗuuɗuɗi wondude e leƴƴi taakanji ɗin, rewaynooɗi sanamuuji. Adamaawa lutti e ley karhankaaku laamu Sokoto nde tawnoo sagalle maɓɓe ko ton naɓirtenoo. Moodibbo Adama inniraa „Laamiiɗo Fommbina“.
Laral Laamateeri Adamaawa no yaññinoo ittude Adamawa State Najeeriya hannde haa e diiwe tati nano Kamarun, hino tawaa ɗon diiwal innaangal Province de l'Adamaoua ngal e senngo Kamarun. Laamorde nden laatii Ƴoola e hitaande 1840.

Ittude 1893, koninkeejo inneteeɗo Raabi Jubayru ɗahi senngo nano Adamaawa ngon sinci laamu ngu neeɓaano ɓayru tawno ontuma kolonaaku fuɗɗinoke ɗahude leyɗeele Afirik ɗen. Ittude 1899, Almanɓe ɓen fuɗɗii naatude e leydi ndin, caggal hareeji wulɗi, ɓe fooli, barki Alla e aalaaji maɓɓe ɓurɗi kelɗude ɓe bonniti laamu Fulɓe ngun. Adamaawa naadaa e nder koloni keso on, mo ɓe inniri Kamerun. Caggal fooleede Almanɓe ɓen e konu winndere aranu ngun, Kamarun halfinaa Faransi e Enngele. Ko non Laamateeri Adamaawa fecciraa hakkunde leyɗe ɗiɗi, Kamarun e Najeeriya. Laamorde nden Ƴoola ko e nder Najeeriya on hikkori hannde. 
Laamiiɗo Adamawa State on hannde no innee Muhammadu Barkinɗo Aliyu Mustafa. O ronuno laamu ngun nde baaba makko Laamiiɗo Aliyu Mustafa sankinoo e hitaande 2010.

Leƴƴi e ɗemɗe ɗuuɗɗe no woodi Adamaawa. Goɗɗi e ɗiin leƴƴi ko Fulɓe, Were'en, Mbum'en, Baya'en, Tupuri'en, Mandara'en kono ko fulfulde ɓuretee wowleede. Hawsankoore kadi no wowlee, teeŋtii non e senngo Adamaawa jeyaango e Najeeriya ngon.




#Article 27: Maayo Jaaliba (147 words)


Maayo Jaaliba (maa Jaalibawol) hino tawaa e maaje tati ɓurɗe ɗen mawnude e nder Afirik. Ɗeya ɗiɗi ko Maayo Niil kañum e Maayo Konngo. Innde maggo ɓurnde lollude nden ko ittaande e ɗemɗe Porto ɗen wano faransi e enngele, ɗum ko Niijer.

Maayo Jaaliba ko e leydi Gine tubbi, ngo yaari Maali, ka hakkunde ndin leydi e nokkuure Fulɓe inneteende Maasina ngo waɗi kofol (turnde) ngo jippori funnaange-ñaamo ngo rewi ndenndaandi Niijer e ndenndaandi Niijeriya. Ko ɗon ngo tubbitoyi e Fiiltiingo Atlantik. Njuuteendi Jaaliba ko 4400 km. Innde maggo e yoga e ɗemɗe leƴƴi hoɗuɗi e daande maggo: Joliba (bammbarankoore), Ghir-n-Igheren (ɗemngal Tuwaaregʼen, ɗum firi ko: maayo maaje, hino gasa tawa ko ɗum Tuubakooɓe nani wiʼi ko Niijer), Isa Ber (ɗemngal Soŋay, ɗum firi ko: maayo mawngo), Kwara (hawsankoore).

Calɗi Jaaliba ɗin e nder leydi Gine ko: Milo, Sankarani, Tenkiso, Ñanndan. E nder Niijeriya ko caangol Beñwe.




#Article 28: Maayo Niil (119 words)


Maayo Niil (e arabuure: النيل‎, An Nīl, misrankoore aranere: Iteru walla Ḥ'pī, kiɓiɗiyankoore: ⲫⲓⲁⲣⲱ Piaro walla Phiaro, ɗemngal amharik Ecoppi: ዓባይ?; ɗum wonta e binndol lateŋ: ʿAbbai) hino ƴettiraa hono maayo ɓurngo juutude ngoo e nder aduna on. Njuuteendi maggo hino fota e 6,650 km. Hingo rewi e leyɗe sappo: Sudaan, Sudaan Ñaamo, Burunndi, Ruwanndaa, Ndenndaandi Konngo, Tansani, Keña, Ecoppi, Ugannda, Ejipte (Misira). Iwdi Niil ko Ugannda woni.

Hino fottanaa kadi wondema ko ndiyam Niil woni ko wuurni leydi Ejipte, sabu ko leydi yoorndi. Kala saare sincaande e mayri ko e takko Niil woni. Sinno Maayo Niil woodaa, wiɗotooɓe taariixa no felliti siwlisasiyoŋ (peerndam) Misira Kinndi woodataano. Ko ɗum addi Herodot, karallo taariixa gerekjo e winndugol: Ejipte ko dokkal Niil.




#Article 29: Alfaa Moolo (1036 words)


Muusaa Moolo
Muusaa Moolo

So tawii won jaambareeɓe njejjitaa nder daartol Senegaal, Alfaa Yaayaa Moolo Balde e ɓiyi mum Muusaa Moolo Balde ko heen njeyaa. Gadano o ko baaba mum ɗiɗaɓo o. Ɓe laamiima e yontaaji jokkondirɗi Laamaandi Fulɓe Fuladu maa Firdu. Laamaandi Fuladu fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1867 caggal nde Kaanaŋkiri Manndeŋ ndi Gaabu yani. E ɗeen kitaale, Fulɓe hoɗnooɓe nder tunndu Firdu, murti caltii hiiɗeende jom leydi en, ɓeen ngoni Manndiŋkooɓe Gaabu. Alfaa Moolo ardinoo ndee wolde salaare njiimaandi e ɓiɗtere. Laamaandi Fuladu mooftunoo yoga e ko wiyatee hannde « Haute Casamance » (Jeeri Kaasamaas).

l Alfaa Moolo, kaɓanaaɗo wellitaare Fuladu

Jibini Alfaa Yaayaa Moolo Balde ko baañoowo ŋanaa Manndiŋke biyeteeɗo Malal. Yumma makko ko pullo biyetenooɗo Egge. O jibinaa ko to wuro Sulibali e darorɗe teeminannde XIXɓiire. Daartiyaŋkooɓe kawrii yettoode makko ko Kulibali. Ɓe mbiyi ko ɗum wonnoo yettoode baaba makko ummoriiɗo Laamaandi Mali. E fawaade e aadaa Fulɓe Fuladu, o yettaa yettoode yumma makko ngati baaba makko wonaa Pullo. Helmere « Moolo » nde seekaa ko gollal « moolaade » ngati baaba makko nde ari Fuladu, moolii ko e juuɗe Gelaajo Balde, dimo galo keewɗo jawdi nder Firdu.

Saltaare ɓiɗtere Mandiŋkooɓe pawi e daaɗe Fulɓe

Malal, baaba mum Alfaa Moolo, maayii law. Ko adii ɗuum, o ekkini ɓiyiiko kala gannde cuuɗiiɗe e waaño. Caggal ɗuum, ko Gelaajo Balde nehi mo. Law, Alfaa Moolo laatii baañoowo ŋanaa, teskaaɗo nder diiwaan oo fof. O waɗi cukaagu makko ko ɗoon, o seediima ɓiɗtere Fulɓe ɓiɗtaa e caɗeele Manndiŋkooɓe Gaabu pawi e daaɗe Fulɓe. Golle “sarwis”, nguyka, ƴeeɓaali, ko geɗe ɗe Manndiŋkooɓe pawi e Fulɓe ñalnde kala.

Podanaaɗo darjeende laamu Fuladu

No sukaaɓe fedde makko nii, o naati jaŋde Quraana. O ɗannanii wuro Labe janngoyde to Almameeɓe Fuuta Jaloŋ ngam ɓeydude ganndal makko. Ko nde o ummitii Labe, o fiilaa “Alfaa”, o waɗti wiyeede Alfaa Moolo. Ko adii ɗuum, Alhajji Umar Taal mo Fuuta Tooro, rewiino Fuladu e hitaande 1846. Ko ndeen o fodani Alfaa Moolo darjeende e laamu, o wiyi ma o laato kuuɓnoowo wellitaare leydi makko. Ko ndeen o wiyi : “Alfaa Moolo, aɗa roondii hakke wellitde Fulɓe Gaabu, ittaa ɓe e njiimaandi Mandiŋkooɓe”. Alfaa Moolo renndini hoohooɓe Fulɓe fof kam e waañooɓe nder wuro Ndorma, sara wuro makko Sulabali. Ko wuro Ndorma wonnoo ndeen nokku deentorɗo (tuddunde) waañooɓe Fuladu. Ko ɗoon miijo haɓtaade Mandiŋkooɓe ardiiɓe Firdu ɓenndi e koye maɓɓe. Alfaa Moolo e harbiyaŋkooɓe mum puɗɗii hirjinde yimɓe, ɓe tawtoraa kareeli pamari ɗi Almameeɓe Fuuta Jaloŋ ummaninoo feewde e Mandiŋkooɓe.

Wartaade ɓuranii rewɓe Mandiŋkooɓe waɗteede horɓe Fulɓe

E oon tuma, laamaandi Gaabu tawi fuɗɗiima deestaade sabu kareeli ndernderi. Yanti heen kadi, e hitaande 1867, golwole ɗe Almaami Umar mo Fuuta Jaloŋ tiindini e maɓɓe. Ko ɗum addi wolde Kansala kewnde e hitaande 1867. Ko ndeen laamɗo Firdu biyeteeɗo Jaŋka Waali foolaa, o salii waɗteede maccuɗo, o renndini ɓesngu makko e jagge laamu makko fof, debbo e gorko, kamɓe fof ɓe mbartii. Mandiŋkooɓe inniri ndee wolde ko “turban kello” ko firata “wolde warngo”. Haa e oo yonta hannde, awluɓe Mandiŋkooɓe ina ciftina jaambaraagal laamɓe Gaabu, teeŋti noon e darnde rewɓe darinoo heen.

Balɗe daɓɓe kaɗii Alfaa Moolo yumtinde yiɗde mum

Nde Jaŋka Waali maayi, tunɗi keddiiɗi ɗii fof piɗɗitii njiimaandi Firdu Mandiŋkooɓe. Ɓe njumtini golwole Almameeɓe Fuuta Jaloŋ. Ko e kaa ngonka Alfaa Moolo e wondiiɓe mum ummanii hare feewde e laamɗo Mandiŋke biyeteeɗo Keekuta Soona. Ɓe njuggi ɗoon laabi keewɗi ko adii nde ɓe poolata Keekuta Soona. Ko ndeen hankadi Fuladu wonti nehaande Laamaandi Fuladu. Tuugude 1869 haa 1880, Alfaa Moolo haɓi ko e koniŋkooɓe Foode Kabaa Dumbuya. Kaŋko fof e wonde peertanɗo dawrugol e golwole, o dañaani joofnude golle makko. O saŋkii to wuro Danndu (nder Gine Bisaaw hannde) e hitaande 1881. Ko ɗoo golle sosiyaŋke Laamaandi Fuladu kaaɗi.

E oon yonta, tawi leydi Farayse naatanii jooɗaade Jeeri Kaasamaas (Haute Casamance). Kareeli ndernderi njoli nder Laamaandi Fuladu hakkunde 1881 e 1883. Kareeli hakkunde Muusaa Moolo e baabiraaɓe mum ɗiɗo, Bakari Demmba e Dikkori Demmba. Mo woni e maɓɓe fof ina yiɗi lomtaade Alfaa Moolo, baaba mum Muusaa, mawni mum Bakari e Dikkori.

Muusaa Moolo, dono baaba mum

Jibini Muusaa Moolo ko Alfaa Moolo. Yumma makko wiyetenoo ko Kummba Wuude. O jibinaa ko wuro Ndorma e hitaande 1848. E cukaagu makko, o tawtoraama golwole keewɗe e gardagol baaba makko, haa teeŋti noon e kareeli hitaande 1878 hakkunde maɓɓe e Foode Kabaa Dumbuya, ceernaajo Mandiŋkeejo. O seediima caɗeele Mandiŋkooɓe pawnoo e Fulɓe Firdu. Ko ɗum jibini jaambaraagal makko, waɗi mo kaɓeteeɗo mo cuusal mum teskaa.

E hitaande 1883, o ñaagii ballal tuubakooɓe Farayse mbele aɓe curana mo njanguuji baabiraaɓe makko Bakari Demmba e Dikkori Demmba. Faraysenaaɓe njooɗinoo ndeen ko to wuro Seeju. Njoɓdi ballal ngal, nde o heɓi laamu e hitaande 1883, o siifondiri e Farayse e gardagol Lieutenant Lenoir to wuro Jannah Malari, “nanondiral moolaare”. Ngal nanondiral waɗi Laamaandi Fuladu les njiimaandi leydi Farayse. Ko ɗoon hankadi “muuku-maaka” fuɗɗii hakkunde makko e tuubakooɓe. Nde wonnoo Muusaa Moolo ko peertanɗo dawrugol, o huutorii ngal nanondiral haa o fooli ɓiɓɓe baaba makko en yiɗɓe teetde jappeere makko. Kono kadi, omo faami no Farayse yiɗiri huutoraade mo haa waawa jiimde diiwaan Jeeri Kaasamaas, foola ɗoon Engele e Purtugal. Ko ɗum tagi e yonta laamu makko, e yiɗde mo fandinde ngoodaandi laamu makko, o huutoriima ɓiyngu-baabaagu ngoongu hakkunde Farayse e Engele e Purtugaal.

Muusaa Moolo haɓii e Mammadu Lamine Daraame

Nder kareeli hakkunde koloñaal Farayse e ceernaajo biyeteeɗo Mammadu Lamin Daraame mo Ɓunndu, Muusaa Moolo jinngani tuubakooɓe. O ummanii kadi golwole keewɗe hakkunde makko e Foode Kabaa Dumbuya. Tuubakooɓe Farayse mahi jooɗorde mum en to wuro Hamdallaay e hitaande 1895. Ɗum usti doole Muusaa Moolo mo Fuladu. Caɗeele njoli hakkunde maɓɓe. Nde wonnoo ɓiɗteende Farayse ɓeydiima tiiɗde, Muusaa Moolo siifi nanondiral hakkunde makko e Engele’en mbele aɓe moola mo e yiɗde Farayse en. Farayse ɓeydii doolnude sabu ŋatere, Muusa Moolo uuji e hitaande 1901, o fayi leydi Gambi, o mooloyii to Engele en, nder wuro Keserkunnda. Ko ɗoon Laamaandi Fuladu juggi. E hitaande 1918, Muusaa Moolo fayi leydi Sira Leon e ballal Engele en, o woni toon haa e hitaande 1923, o arti kadi Gambi. O saŋkii e hitaande 1931 to wuro Keserkunnda. Ko ɗoon o wirnaa. No baaba makko, kaŋko ne o lelaaki e leydi makko.




#Article 30: Dewgal (1901 words)


Dewgal (maa desal) ko gondigal debbo e gorko aadanaangal, humeteengal e yeeso sariya. Si gorko humanii debbo, ɗum no wi'ee kadi o resii debbo maa o ɓaŋii maa o dewlii. Fulɓe ina joganii ɗum karfeeje heewɗe. Humugol dewgal no seerta, foti ko tuugaade e leñol, e diina, e aadaaji, e leydi, e jamaanu. Hino waawi kadi senndindireede hakkunde jommbugal finaa-tawaa e jommbugal laamu, wi'eteengal kadi jommbugal siwil. E ngal ɗon, ko e yeeso jooɗaniiɗo laamu, e nder huɓeere laamu, wano suudu lameeri maa suudu hooreejo saare.

Si ko dewgal finaa-tawaa, ko nii ngal humirtee e nokkuuje Fulɓe: 

Desal, hina wi'ee kadi dewgal, genndal, jommbere, ƴettere, e ko nannde. Ko woowanoo ɓaawo ɗoo nun, hari ko mawɓe ɓen jommbanta suka mon on ka araande, ɓe suɓanoo mo sonnaajo makko arano on, walla le; ɓe wallondira e makko ka suɓagol jiwo on, si giiɗe maɓɓe ɗen arii hawrude e ka weli ɓe, ɓe ndaarana kisan no ɓe yaltinira goro.

Gorooje ɗen: toraare kala si gasay, dewgal kala si timmay, ko maa goro yaltinee laawi ɗuuɗuɗi, laawol kala e faandaare mun. Laawol aranol ngol; ko goro hunorɗe yaltintee, adadu majje on, ko goro sappo (10), woɓɓe waɗa saaku lamɗam, walla kore tew kosam, ekn. Ɗum ɗon fow naɓee ka mawɓe jiwo on fii hunagol laawol, ɓe wi'a ɗum: Ndaarir ɗum ɗatal, walla  Ƴeewude laawol, ekn. Ko e battane nden hunannde mawɓe suka on anndata si tawii Jeyɓe jogaaki, ngam ɓe heɓa no ɓe addira gorooje hikkuɗe ɗon ɗen.

Laawol ɗimmol ngol; Ko Goro toraare yaltinntee , ko e ngol laawol ɗon woni ko mawɓe suka on torantoo sagataa maɓɓe on, jiwo ɓeya on, si ɓe okkii, haray gila nden ñannde, haa woni tuma dewgal ngal taatike woo, kañum torondirɓe ɓe ɓen (gorun kun e deyun kun), haanaa yiidude, sakko yewta, fija-jala! Ɗum ko ko haɗaa,, tuma kala nde jiwo on nani hito suka on; o dogay o suuɗoo, si tawii le ko bee ɓe yiida; haray ko maa si goɗɗo lombi... Mawɓe jiwo on senndana bolondaa on goroojo ɗen, ɓe waɗana mawɓe ɓen e kawte ɗen feƴƴere, ndeya feƴƴere; ɓe sennditana ɓeenguure nden e hedditiiɓe ɓen.

Ñalaande nden: Si ɗum fow feƴƴii, ñalaande desal ngal waɗee, jamaa on hollitee, suka on waɗa dolokke baaba, e hudere yumma, o holtina jommba jiwo, maaro defee, lacciree surtinee, njaram hebilee, teewu defee... Haaju on waɗa, pinka fettinee, ñi'e sennditee, hoɓɓe wernee, jommba ɗowtitee, seleli yimee, hoɗo ngon nantondira welo-welo.

E nder reedu Fuuta Tooro, diiwaan biyeteeɗo tooro, e wuro wiyeteengo Ari founda, dewgal banndiraagal ko nii yahranno: Resondirta ko ɓiɓɓe baaba, resondirta ko ɓiɓɓe yumma (remmeraaɓe), resondirta ko denɗiraaɓe, resondirta ko fotɓe jibinannde, resondirta ko fasiraaɓe. So tawii ɓiɗɗo debbo jibinaama tan, o nangante bandiiko, wiyee ɓiɗɗo gorko haɓɓi e makko tekkere. Walla o haɓɓanaama e makko tekkere.

Holno ɗum yahratnoo?

So wiyaama debbo heɓtiima (jibinii) tan, banndiraaɓe kala ngaran salminde mo. So tawii andaama ko ɓiɗɗo debbo o heɓi, gooto e rewɓe ɓee, tawa ko gorgilaaɗo, walla yummiraaɗo cawndiiɗo, walla jom suudu kaawiraaɗo, seelta ceeltol e comcol mum, o haɓɓa e jungel tiggu oo. Nii woni o nanganii ngel ɓiyiiko gorko. Tuggi oon sahaa haa nde sukaaɓe ɓee mawnoyta, ɓiɗɗo gorko gotɗo biyɗo ene yiɗi cukalel dewel ngel kala, jaabatee ko o ƴamaaɗo, walla ko o gadaaɗo. Jinnaaɓe ɓiɗɗo gorko kaɓɓanaaɗo tekkere oo ene kollira yiɗde mum en e geɗe kala, ngam siiftinde aadi maɓɓe.

So tawii Alla waɗii suka debbo o yontii naatde dewgal, ƴamal ngal waɗtee goonga : ñuumbordi addee to yumma makko, heen huunde feccee e bandiraaɓe ɓadiiɓe, wiyee kaariyel rokkaama kaari. Nafoore addee, ɗum woni hujjaaji ko wayi no koltu debbo oo, wutte baaba e wutte yumma, ekn. Doŋngal lahal ene waawi ardude e nafoore, kono kadi ene waawi arde baŋnge: ɗuum soomii ko lehe ƴeekiraaɓe e caabune esiraaɓe. Ƴeekiraaɗo kala e esiraaɗo kala ene fondaa ko addata. Ƴeekiraaɗo gardiiɗo geɗe kala oo noon, ko dokkaaɗo suudu oo : oon wiyetee joom suudu. Rokkeede suudu, ko bannde gorko subaaɗe ma e baŋnge dewol walla gorol yo a won mawɗo ƴeekiraaɓe, ndañaa geɗal keertingal gila e dewgal, haa e innde, ekn.

Ko ɗuum woni dewgal. Dagnata dewgal noon ko teŋe. Teŋe ɗee ene wona jawdi ndariindi, ene wona kaalis, ekn. Ndiin jawdi ko debbo oo tan jeyi ndi. Ndi feccetaake etee ndi rokketaake. Debbo oo wiyee humdanaama e gorko. O daganiima mo e yeeso Alla e jeese juulɓe. Hay so taawii dewgal humaama hakkunde debbo e gorko, e nder Fuuta, aadaaji goɗɗi ene ngoodi potɗi rewreede haa gorko heɓa debbo muuɗum:

Naamnitirɗi ummoo to galle gorko faya galle debbo: ko ɗum kaalis newnoowo garal debbo galle gorko mum. Koreeji debbo o e gorko oo njooɗodoo, kaalda, taƴa ñalngu ngu debbo oo hurtotoo.

Ko ñalngu ngu debbo ummotoo to galle baaba mum, suudu neene mum, faya suudu mum, galle gorko mum. Ñalngu nguu ine wiyee ndiftungu e heen e diiwaanuuji, walla kadi cuddungu.

Ñalnde e suudu : Ňalawma kurtungu nguu, debbo ñallata ko e suudu kaŋko e giƴiraaɓe makko. Hakke doole jiknaaɓe makko to tolnii, ɓe kirsanee, walla ɓe ndefanee, walla ɓe mbeltinee no wayi wayde kala.

Yumma mum jommbaajo maa jommbajjo nodda banndum en, so tawii o nootaama o fiyanee kaalis. So piye ɗee ndentii, kaalis o hiisee, kinɗe limtee, gooto heen kala rokkee feccere mum. Piye goɗɗe ene piyee tawi hiiri, ɗe mbiyetee ko cord i: ko comci daneeji ɗi jombaajo dammbortoo ɗii keettatee heen.

So tawii giyiraaɓe ɓe ndañii no ɓe puuntiri mawɓe ñalluɓe e galle oo, ɓe nawat debbo oo, ɓe cuuɗoya mo. So hiirii haa waktu kurtungu yontii, fedde gorko oo naata e wuro ene yiiloo debbo mum. Fedde debbo o wiya yo ɓe njeen ɓe no ɓe ngartiroya jombaajo. So ɓe keɓii njeenaari maɓɓe, ɓe njaha ɓe ngartiroya jommbaajo: ɗuum ko huunde e hujjaaji maɓɓe.

So taawii jommbaajo artiraama galle baaba mum oon saanga o lootee. Lootata mo ko rewɓe aaɓɓe, ɓe nganndiraaka cuutule walla ceerle ekn. So o lootaama haa gasii, o ɓoornee comci ngaaɓɗi, walla comci ganni ɗi ɓoornetaake so wonaa e ñalɗi moƴƴi bayɗi hono yaŋnge walla innde, ekn.

Jommbaajo hade mum yahde galle gorko mum maa o wayninee. Jignaaɓe makko mbaajoo mo no debbo jooɗirtoo e nder galle, e nder suudu, no o wonndirta e esiraaɓe e ƴeekiraaɓe e banndiraaɓe gorko no potiri. So ɗuum ɓennii, ɓe nduwanoo mo hade makko yaltude galle.

So tawii yahdu yontii, dendiraaɓe (ɓiɗɓe gorgilaaɓe) ngara waɗɗinde kaliifa (ɓiy kaawiraaɗo) mum en. Waɗɗinde noon ene siforoo nii:

So tawii denɗiraaɗo waɗɗinii denɗum haa o yettinii mo damal galle gorko, e oon sahaa, o wiya debbo tellotaako, saka naata galle so wonaa o tottee mbaɗɗinirdi makko. Ɗuum fawii e ko fawi gorko oo, tawi kadi ene hawri e baawal mum. Mbaɗɗinirdi ko huunde e hujjaaji Fuuta.

So debbo naatnaama galle gorko, tawat yumma mum gorko o, walla gooto e jignaaɓe makko rewɓe ene jooɗii, ene porti koyɗe mum , o addee, o lelnee e dow koyɗe hee. Tawa oon saanga gaweeje loowaama e lehel walla e battu. So jommbaajo lelnaama, gawri ndii wisee e makko, awluɓe walla ñeeñɓe ene njima, ene nduwoo : “yoo koondi mal mo, yoo mal jommbaajo, no maldunoo adinooɓe mo e suudu nii.”

So tawii lelnde yontii, addunooɓe jommbaajo koota galleeji mum en, haa heddoo dammboowo (walla dammbooɓe). Ko ɓeen ngondata e debbo jommbiniiɗo oo haa nde o dammbitii fof (nde o yalti e suudu). Comci daneeji debbo mboomri heewi dammboraade.

So debbo leliima haa tawaama ko o suka, gorko ene joganii mo njeenaari. Njeenaari ndi, heewi ko sorneede e les ngaflaawu. So yahii haa weetii, kanko gorko oo, ko waawi yeende debbo makko kala, jignaaɓe maɓɓe e wanndiraaɓe makko rewɓe ene mbaawi fawde heen goɗɗum.

Ñalawma gadano debbo waali e galle gorko mum, so o finii, kanko e fedde makko kala ɓe njaɓataa ñaamde so wonaa ɓe njeena. Ndiin njeenaari wiyetee ko ñaam gawri. So tawii ɓe keɓii ndiin njeenaari haa timmii, oon saanga ɓe ɓattinee kacitaari (ene wona gosi, walla teewu, walla kafe, ekn) ɓe ñaama.

So kaccitaaje ɓennii, fedde debbo naamdo woli mum. Woli wonatnoo ko kaaƴe pijirteeɗe. Kono woli boombi ko tanngal walla mbiskit fijirtee, heen huunde ñaamee.

Bula oo ne ko hujjaaji ɗi mboomri cuddaandi fof rokkata fedde mum. Ko gorko oo yaltinta ɗiin hujjaaji.

Ko ñaldi ɗi debbo wonata e suudu (balɗe tati, walla balɗe jeeɗiɗi, walla lewru), wiyee ko o dambiiɗo. Omo ɓoornii comci jommbaajo (Daneeji wonande mboomri), omo muurnii tuggi dow hoore makko haa heɓi koyɗe makko. Yeeso makko omo muurni heen ɓurtungal. So tawii o wonndi ko e fedde makko, o wedditto ɓurtungal ngal e hoore makko. So o nanii teppe neɗɗo, o artira ngal e yeeso makko. Gorko makko, kañum e fedde mum, e banndum en, kala e muuɗum en jiɗɗo yiyde yeeso makko, maa oon yeena mo: ɗuum woni ñoortirɗi, wiyee o ñoortii mo.

So debbo dammbiima haa o dammbitiima, fedde makko jiiɓa ɓakkere (jooni ko conndi farin heewi waɗeede), ɓe naata e wuro, eɓe njiyloo fedde gorko oo. Kala heen mo ɓe njiyi, ɓe muulat e muuɗum ɓakkere ndee. Ɓeen ne, ndidda ɓe, mo ɓe keɓtii kala ɓe njoftoo, walla ɓe piya. So ñalawma oo woɗɗi noon, ɓe ndenndina comci ɗii kala, ɓe tottee caabune, ɓe tiindoo maayo walla woyndu. Ɓe ñalla wuppude haa hiira, ɓe ndoontoo guppirɗe maɓɓe ɓe ngarta wuro. Tawa oon sahaa, e galle gorko ɗoo, ɓe kirsanaama, ɓe ndefanaama barmeeji gosi e teewu. No ɓe njettotoo to galle ɗoo tawat barmeeji ɗii ndeftaama. So ɓe njettiima, ɓe ndootoo guppirɗi maɓɓe damal galle, ɓe ndoora fijirde: “Yaay addu ko ndefanno-ɗaa cukalel! Yaay kay moɗii.” Lehe ndottee, leece mbertee, ɓe ɓadinee ɓe ñaama.

So jommbaajo dammbitiima, o ɓoorii daneeji ɗi o ɓoorninoo ɗii, e oon sahaa, o firta muggi ɗi o waɗananoo ñalnde o ñalli e suudu. Gayi, walla ndammiri kirsee, payane cagginee, o ñalla e moorol. Moorol ngol noon heewi moorde ɗum ko neeno caɗtidiiɗo jignaaɓe debbo oo. Omo juuree kaalisaaji, haa e comci, tuggi nde o fuɗɗi haa nde moorol ngol joofi kala. So moorol joofi, teppugol fuɗɗo. Ɗuum ko ciŋkal moorol ngol: ñaaƴe, kaaje, korbuuje, kulaalaatuuje, kanne ñootee e dow jubbi hee. So tawii o gaynii teppude, o lootoo, o sinnkoo, o ɓoornoo comci gaaɓɗi, comci ganni, comci goobaaɗi biyeteeɗi takkaaji, ɗi ɓoornetaake so wonaa e ñalɗi baaɗi no yaŋnge, walla innde, ekn.

So debbo dammbitiima, omo salminoya galleeji banndiraaɓe. Nguun ñalngu ne kadi o ɓoornoto ko comci gaaɓɗi, o muurnoo wudere goobaande yahdunde e ciŋkal makko ngal. Oon sahaa, omo yahda e ñeeñɓe, omo yahda e huunde e sehilaaɓe makko walla bandiiko en. Ene hasii, to ɓe njettii kala, ɓe teddinte, ɓeen nduwoo yo Alla waɗ barke e dewgal ngal, wooda kadi ko ɓe ndokkaa ko feewti e ndewaagu (cuuraay, walla ɗaɗi, ekn).

Debbo dammbitiima haa salminoyii, o waɗta yaltude boowal. E oon sahaa, omo waawi rokkeede hiraande makko, kono kadi omo waawi waɗeede koɗo haa ɓooya. Ɗuum ko tawii o hurtii ko galle esiiko en. So tawii gorko jogii ko nokku mum, so o dammbitiima tan o ɓamat hiraande makko.

Ɗuum wonii ko keblu-mi, ko haaɗi e ganndal am e dewgal Haal pulaar en. Miijo ngo hiisii tan ko diiwaan Boosoya ɗo nganndu-mi, njeyaa-mi ɗoo. Ene gasa tawa e nder oon diiwaan dewle kala njahraani noon; so ɗuum woonii, ko ñiŋaa heen fof ko ɓeydaari wonanta en. Hakkile gooto yonataa, ngooɗoo wiɗto ko jubbande tan e ko feewti e nguurdam renndo fulɓe. Ene yiɗaa, so newiima to Alla, nde wiɗtooji goɗɗi mbaɗatee, e fannuuji ɓurɗi yaajde.

Iwdi:  




#Article 31: Misiide Ɓamtaare (465 words)


Misiide Ɓamtaare, ko lowre ɓamtal diina e pinal ka ɗemngal pulaar/fulfulde, nde sincaa ko ñannde 01/01/2013 nde fuɗɗii golle e lewru fabraa’iru (Colte) ndun.
Ko tawde hari lowe pulaar e ɗuuɗude ka jowlol enternet, lowre hertinanaande fii diina tan woodaaka ; si men eɓɓi fampagol Misiide Ɓamtaare, ngam haali-pulaar en heɓa ka jannga fii diina, e pine wondude e gannde kese, e ko nanndi.

Lasli innde inden:
Innde lowre men nden ko e Misiide woni ko eggaa, innde lollunde fuuta Jaloo, anndirteende innde nokkuure ka juulirde mawnde nden woni ɗon, ɓe wi’a ɗum: “Ka misiide”. Misiide non ko ɗaɗol eggaangol e Arab Masjid (juulirde). Tawde non lowre men nden ko fii diina e pinal ɓuri dolnorde, waɗi si men suɓii ndee innde Misiide Ɓamtaare.

Geɓe Misiide nden:
Misiide Ɓamtaare hina jogii geɓe ɗiɗi e lowe fewndo ɗoo, ko kanje woni les ɗoo :

Ko kayre woni lowre lasliire nden, ko ɗon kala huunde yowondire e pulaar/fulfulde walla laten (faransiire, engeleere, ekn) yowetee, immorde e winndannɗe haa e ko nanndi. Jokkorde mayre nden ko nii : www.misiide.com

Fii ka musiɓɓe men fulɓe e yiɗuɓe pine fulɓe tawayɓe ɗigginaa pulaar ngal fotta, ɓe jannga winndannɗe Misiide nden e ɗemngal Arab. Ko wano non kadi fii ka defte mawɓe men ɓen yeeɓee dankitee, tawde geɓe ɗuuɗuɗe e ɗen defte ko e Arabu winndiraa. Jokkorde ngal geɓal Misiide Arab ko nii : www.misiide.com/ar
Ko ɓeyditugol tun ɗum ɗoo /ar yeeso lowre lasliire nden www.misiide.com

Dunce Misiide ɗen 
Misiide Ɓamtaare hina jogii noone ɗiɗi e dunce: Ko dunce daɓɓe (Court terme), e dunce woɗɗuɗe (long terme).

Wallifaade Saggitorɗe (dicos), ñaldinkooje (calendrier), Terminolooziiji, defte diina e pine fulɓe, defte gannde kese (informatique), e ko nanndi.

Himo peccii ɗiɗi: Widiyoo (mbodo) e ojoo. Ko ngal duncal woni ko kippata yaltinnde kasetaaji jewte diina e pine (bayaanaaji, taali e tinndi, naamuuji fulɓe ekn), e tinndinooje (tutoriels) gannde kese, e tafude ɓeɗi (cd) e fannu kala, e ko nanndi.

Miijo fii sincude duɗal jannginirgal diina e pulaar, hinde peccii ɗiɗi kayre kadi: Wootere nden ko ka enternet, ndeya nden ka yaasi si Alla muuyii.

Ngam yaltinnde ɓatakal (journal) lewru bee walla lebbi ɗiɗi bee-no feere mun heɓori woo- men waɗa hen piiji ndan: Diina, pinal, renndo, taariika, fillayee, ballafuyee, kumpite, jalniika, taali e tinndi, jiɓi-liɓi, gannde kese, lesɗe e ca’e fulɓe, kawre (rencontres), e ko nanndi. 
Hara ngal sennditete e leydi kala ka jangoowo hittinɗo fii pulaar/fulfulde woniri e windere nden.

Si Alla salaaki, misiide nden sincay rajoo mawnuɗo tawa ko pulaar tan yewtetee ton, hara kadi ka haali-pulaar jo wontirii woo, o henndoto kañum rajoo on, o heɗitoo.

Jokkorɗe amen:
Ngam humpondiral ngal newoo hakkundeeji men, misiide nden hino sinci konte (comptes) ɗuuɗuɗe gasayɗe newinnde jokkondiral e Musiide Ɓamtaare, ko kanje woni ɗee ɗoo:

Tonngoode nden ko: +212 6 74 38 41 11







#Article 33: Koorka (175 words)


Koorka hino wi'ee hoorugol kadi walla suumayee e fulfulde fuuta Jaloo. Lewru suumayee walla koorka ndun non si hewtii, julɗo on ñaamataa, yarataa, renndataa (yiidataa e sonna mun mbaldni), e ko nanndi e haɗaaɗi; gila ka peeral fajiri haa ka mutal naange (futuroo).Ɗum ko yamiroore Alla e Nulaaɗo Makko on Muhammadu (yo O his), faade e yimɓe makko ɓen.

Koorka hino farlanoo gila e mofte feƴƴuɗe, ko woni tun hino serti e no hoorirten enen ɗee mofte Muhammadu ɗoo.

Hoorugol, ko ko waɗɗii kala julɗo gorke e debbo hellifaaɗo. Ɓaawo ɗoo nun, hari cukalel ngel ekkiteteno hoorugol duuɓi tati ado o hellifeede. O waɗa hoora ñaama, e wonndeeje o timmina ñallal ngal, ko non haa o wowta hoorude.

Yaafanaaɓe ɓen 
Hoorugol kañun suumayee on hino yawtanaa seeɗaaɓe, jogiiɓe ngaato, tawayɓe hunnantaa daranagol koorka kan, ko ɓen woni:
Nawnuɗo, ñawɗo, setiiɗo (wayaasuɗo), sowiiɗo (reeduujo), nayeejo, e kecco (payngel), e ko nanndi. 
Ɓee ɗee fow hino yaananaa (newnanaa) ñaamugol. 
Kala non on tewiiɗo ñaami ñalorma koorka ko aldaa e sugu ɗii ngantooji ɗoo, haray kaffaara fawike mo!




#Article 34: Ndiyam (276 words)


Ndiyam (e ganndal kimiiyu H2O) ko memtinaari (maceer) sariindi e dow leydi haa e boowal leydi, teeŋti noon e nder ko wuuri, sabu alaa ko wuurata nguurndam ɗam ngannduɗen ɗam tawa ndiyam heƴaani heen.

Neɗɗo tan ina waɗi ndiyam ko ina abboo e 65% e teddeendi mum, ndiyam ina mooɓi ko ina abboo e 72% e wertaango leydi, 97% e majjam ko kaaɗɗam, ko heddi koo woni mbelɗam hono caaɗli (canɗi), beeli e ilameeje e maaje.

No ndiyam woodiri e leydi ?

Ko heewi na haalee heen, ko ɓuri jaalaade ko ndiyam ummii ko e weeyo, haayre ndiyam moolanaande yani e leydi, ilni ndi haa ndi hawri, oon saha tawi ko e ndi wuli sanne, ɗam ƴeri faade dow, toɓooji nduumii ko juuti haa ɗam waawi deeƴude e dow leydi, tawi laral leydi dow ngal ɓuuɓi waawi huufude ndiyam e mbaadiiji kala e ballal kammu.

Ndiyam ko soppoo-joloo waɗata hakkunde leydi e kammu, so naange wulii, hello ndiyam maaje dow ngo suurka yanta e waaƴo puɗi, cuurki kii ƴeɓa (roondoo dow), nde wonnoo dow na ɓuuɓi, cuurki kii rennda fenndo, wonta duule, tedda, toɓa, saakitoo e dow leydi, kadi refta ɗo rewnoo wonta duule.

Ndiyam na tawee e mbaadiiji 3, ɓooɗde(haayre), ndeelam e henndu (cuurki), ɗam fuɗɗotoo fenndaade ko 0°C, ɗam wonta haayre so nguleeki jokkii ustaade, ɗam wontata henndu (cuurki) ko 100°c, hakkunde 0°C e 100°C ɗam tawetee e mbaadi ndeelam, ngoo waylo-waylo noon fawi ko e ɓittigol kammu (pression atmosphérique)

Ndiyam ko geɗe ɗiɗe ndenndi laati ɗam, mittere Oksijen (oksaari), e mitte ɗiɗi Hidrojen (hidraari),

Seerndude mitte ɗee saɗtaani, so kuɓɓam (électricité) rewnaama heen tan ɗe ceertat, Oksjen yaltira bannge (+), Hidrojen bannge (-),




#Article 35: Nelson Manndelaa (2566 words)


Nelson Rolihlahla Manndelaa lollirɗo Madibaa mo winndere ndee kala woyata hannde oo, pollunooɗo laamuyel paltoor to Afrik worgo, welditini ɓesngu mum, jibinaa ko ñalnde 18 sulyee 1918; o faatii ko ñalnde 5 desaambar 2013 to Johanesburg, woni o wuurii duuɓi 95 (heen 27 e lebbi 6 e balɗe 6 ko e kasoo.) O ɓuri lollirde ko darnde makko ngam rimɗinde e haɓaade senndindiral leƴƴi to Afrik Worgo hono ko anndiraa apartaayd woni njuɓɓudi politik tuugiindi e ceerndugol eddaaji leƴƴi.

Nelson Manndelaa naati e parti biyeteeɗo African National Congress (ko anndiraa ANC) ko e hitaande 1944. Naatni mo heen ko yiɗde haɓaade njiimaandi e senndindiral leƴƴi anndiraangal innde apartayd ngal raneeɓe tabitintunoo toon e leydi hee.

Caggal nde o janngi haa o woni awokaa, o tawti hare yamyamre luundiinde doosɗe apartaayd lelnunoo tuggude hitaande 1948. E hitaande 1951 ko Olivier Tambo e Nelson Manndelaa ngoni ɓaleeɓe idiiɓe wonde awokaaji e Johanesburg. E hitaande 1952 Manndelaa noddi ‘’defiance campaign’’, woni ‘’kampaañ salaare’’ laabi sariya senndindiral leƴƴi, keɓɗo kaaɗtudi ñalnde 6 abriil 1952, ñalngu ngu raneeɓe Afrik worgo cosnoo wuro Cap ngoo ; ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje jeetati ceppoowo nanngaa (ina heen Manndelaa ). Laamu nguu wayli sariya jowitiiɗo e kisal yimɓe (public safety act mo 1953) ngam yamirde jowgol wellitaare heeriinde e ardoraade leydi ndii jamirooje, Manndelaa fawaa kuugal jowal (sursis) lebbi jeenay kasoo, haɗaa tawtoreede batuuji e yaltude galle mum to Johanesurg. Nii woni o yaaɓani yuɓɓinde goomuuji ANC e suuɗaare. Ooɗoo kampaañ addani ANC faggaade terɗe kese, ɓaleeɓe e Iñnjee'en e raneeɓe, nde tawnoo dillere ndee tuugaaki e leñamleñamaagal. Ko e ngaal ɗoo daawal Albert Lutuli ardinaa ANC, mooɓondiral jooɗii ngam lelnude dabi dillere luundiinde apartaayd. Oon sahaa Manndelaa e Olivier Tambo ina ngardii kabine awokaaji Manndelaa  Tambo ngam heedande ɓaleeɓe ɓe mbaawaa yoɓde fereeji awokaaji.

Ɓe ndaranii kadi renndinde doole maɓɓe e ɗe parti kominist leydi ndii. Oon sahaa noon ko sariya biyeteeɗo «Suppression communist act » ko nii siforii kominist : “kala jiyliiɗo waɗde mbayliigu politik walla faggudu, walla renndo rewrude e peeje ɗe ndewaani laawol”. Ndaa laawol toon e oon sahaa ko laawol senndindiral leƴƴi e kiiɗal ɓaleeɓe.  Kamɓe fof haɓtoraade ndeen fenaande peeje jamyame, haɗaani Manndelaa e capanɗe njoyo e jeegomo woɗɓe nanngeede ñalnde 5 desaambar 1956 e takkeede jamfa. Caggal ñaawoore juutnde (1957-1961), ɓe ngoppitaa, caggal ɗuum ɓe laɓɓinaa.

Tuggi 1952 haa 1959, ANC, e gardagol Albert Lutuli e Olivier Tambo e Walter Sisulu, ngam arditaade dille leñameeje ɓaleeɓe, tiiɗtinii jokkondiral mum e pellon politik raneeɓe, e leƴƴi goɗɗi ko nanndi e iñnjee'en. Yoga e ɓeen leñameeɓe njalti ANC e hitaande 1959 ngam sosde fedde wiyeteende Congrès panafricain (PAC) e gardagol e Robert Sobukwe.

Ko ndeen Fedde PAC noddunoo diinno ngam salaade jaajtingol kuule « paaspoor nder leydi » e rewɓe. Poliseeji pelli ɓe, mbari 79 neɗɗo, ngaañi ko ina ɓura 140 neɗɗo. Woni ko anndiraa warngo Shaperville. Ɗum waɗnoo ko ñalnde 21 marse 1960. Ko ndeen laamu apartaayd felliti haɗde ANC e PAC.

Caggal nde hare yamyamre ndee ronki jibinde huunde memotoonde, Manndelaa sosani fedde ndee konu (catal koninkeewal) hono Umkhonto we Sizwe (Labbo Ngenndi) e hitaande 1961. Ndeen fedde waɗii golle sabotaas mahaaɗe buur walla koninkooje, bonni ɗum en.

Manndelaa jagga ñalnde 5 ut 1962. Jaggi mo ko polis leydi ndii, e dow jamminoore CIA. O ñaawaa kasoo gonduɗo e golle mbaawnoor kaaɗdi nguurndam, ñaawoore yannde ñalnde 12 suwee 1964. Ndeen ñaawoore anndiraa ko ñaawoore Rivonia. Ko ndeen Manndelaa wiynoo : « Mbaɗ-mi nguurndam am fof ko e haɓanaade ɓesngu Afrik. Mi haɓii e njiimaandi raneeɓe, mi haɓii e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe. Yiɗde am ɓurnde tiiɗde ko renndo rimɗungo, demokaraasiiwo ɗo yimɓe nguurdi e mbelemma tawa ina poti fartaŋŋeeji. Miɗo ɗaminii wuurde ko juuti ngam yottaade ɗoon. Kono, miɗo heɓanii waasde nguurndam am ngam yottaade ndeen yiɗde so ina jojji. »

Ko tuugi ndeen o fuɗɗii lollude, hare maɓɓe fuɗɗii anndeede e winndere ndee kala, yimɓe e leyɗe mbaɗti wallitde ɓe.

Ñaawoore Rivonia waɗi ko hakkunde oktoobar 1963 e suwee 1964. Ko hoohooɓe ANC 10 ñaawetenoo ɗoon : Nelson Manndelaa, Walter Sisulu, Ahmed Kathrada, Govan Mbeki, Dennis Goldberg, Raymon Mhlaba, Lionel Bernstein, James Kantor, Elias Motsoaledi e Andrew Mlangeni. Ina jeyaa e ko ɓe njooɓtoranoo kadi jaɓɓugol sariya kaɗɗo marucaagu. Caggal kasoo muusɗo, juutɗo, sibu ko duuɓi 27 e lebbi 6 e balɗe jeegom haa njahdi e naange. O woppitaa, no nganndir-ɗen ko ñalnde 11 feebariyee 1990.

Manndelaa sokanoo ko e duunde ina wiyee Robben Island. Tonngoode makko kasoo ko 46664. O waɗii toon duuɓi 18, omo gollinee e kariyeer lasoo, aɓe kela kaaƴe… Heewɓe e maɓɓe ñawii toon sabu punndi e naange. Nguurndam toon ina muusnoo sanne. Hay e nder kasoo hee, raneeɓe ko bannge, ɓaleeɓe ko bannge mum en mbaɗaa. Sokaaɓe ngam miijooji mum'en, hono Manndelaa'en, ko seerndaaɓe e sokaaɓe ngam warhoore.

Kasoo Robben Island waɗiraa kadi ko helde gerñe dummbaaɓe toon ɓee. Kono, ɗum ɓeydi ko tiiɗtinde fiɓnde Manndelaa. E wiyde Ahmed Kathrada mo o sokdanoo toon, Manndelaa, ko woni toon koo fof, meeɗaa jaɓde ɓurnaneede : wonaa to bannge golle, wonaa to bannge comci, tee, kala ko heddiiɓe ɓee ummanii, ko e mum'en o wondi, ko wayi no geddude (riiwtude) ñaamde. O meeɗaa jaɓde ɗooftaade yiɗde gardeeɓe wonduɓe e maɓɓe ɓee noddireede “baas”, woni “patroŋ”. Yoga e jagge ANC ɓurɓe mawnude, jaɓataano haaldude walla nii ƴeewde reenooɓe ɗum'en ɓee, kono Manndelaa kañum ƴeewatno ɓe, ina sunnoo jikkuuji maɓɓe. Ko ɗum addani mo faamde Afrikaaneer'en ɓee ina ngondi e kulol ɓaleeɓe ɓee salaade renndeede laamu so ngu artii e juuɗe mum'en, mbiya ina njoftoo e maɓɓe kamɓe e ɓesnguuji maɓɓe. Ko e kasoo o janngi ɗemngal Afrikaan, ngam ɓeydaade waawde faamde hakilantaagal maɓɓe e waawde haaldude e maɓɓe. To oon bannge omo luurdi e ANC jaggirɗo Afrikaneer'en no koloñaal'en nii. E miijo makko ɓeen ko afriknaaɓe no heddiiɓe ɓee fof nii ; ɗee jiile ina njeyaa e ko addani mo jogaade hakkille maslahaa, naftuɗo no feewi e kaaldigal dewngal heen ngal.

Ko Alla e hare maɓɓe e tiiɗgol fiɓnde maɓɓe, yantude e ballal winndere ndee, addani ɓe dañde poolgu. Eɗen mbaawi siftinde joljole maantinɗe e nder ɗuum :

Ñalnde 6 desaambar 1971 batu kuftodinngu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe yaltini hawraande jaggitoore Apartaayd no war-hoore neɗɗaagu. E darorɗe 1976 laamu nguu wiyi ina woppita mo e sarɗi omo hoɗoya Transkei. O salii.

E oktoobar ndeen hitaande Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije ƴetti hawraande 417 « seyfitoore laamu añamngureewu Afrik worgo », ɗaɓɓi kadi goppitgol denndaangal « yimɓe sokraaɓe sabu laabi fenaande kisal Dowla », hollitoore « luundagol mum apartaayd ».

Hawraande 418 ƴettaande e lewru noowammbar haɗi njeeygu kaɓirɗe feewde Afrik worgo (ammbargo).

Nelson Manndelaa e huunde e yahdiiɓe njoñaa, hay gooto yottotaako ɗum'en, wonaa hay jaaynde, kala kaalɗo ko faati e maɓɓe, haɗee yaltude. Gila o naati kasoo, ko e 1979 (duuɓi 15 caggal nde o nanngaa) yitere fawtii e jom-suudu makko, hono Winnii naatnooɗo kasoo kam ne.

E lewru marse 1982 Manndelaa faatinaa kasoo gooɗo (Pollsmoor), saraaji wuro CAP. Ina wiyee ko ngam woɗɗitinde mo sukaaɓe hesɓe soketeeɓe toon ɓee, sibu tawi kasoo waɗtii noddireede « iniwersitee Manndelaa » . Kono ardiiɓe laamu apartaayd e oon sahaa mbiyi, waɗi mo ɓallitineede ɗoon ko mbele ina newna jokkondiral cuuɗingal (kaaldigal) e makko.

Ko waawnoo heen wonde fof, e lewru feebariyee 1985, Pieter Willem Botha, felliti yaltinde Manndelaa wondude e sarɗi ANC ina woppa hare njogitaari. Kono ndeen, ministeruuji makko ɗii fof calinooma ɗuum. Kono ɓe mbonnii Pulaar maɓɓe, sibu Manndelaa wiyi yiɗaa. E ɓataake mo o rewni e juuɗe ɓiyiiko debbo biyeteeɗo Zindzi o wiyi heen “Hol ko firti ndee wellitaare ndokketee-mi so tawii fedde ɓesngu ina lutti haɗeede”. Ko e ndeen hitaande Botha firti sariyaaji jowitiiɗi e leseepaasee kam e kaɗgol dewle hakkunde ɓe njiidaa leƴƴi. Kono Manndelaa ina yawnoo ɗuum, o jokki, kanko e ANC (gonnooɗo e suuɗaare), ɗaɓɓude “neɗɗo gooto daande wootere” (un homme, une voix).

Jokkondiral gadanal hakkunde Nelson Manndelaa e guwarnama apartaayd waɗi ko e lewru noowammbar 1985. E duuɓi nay dewɗi heen ɗii kadi jokkondire goɗɗe mbaɗii hakkunde maɓɓe, jogorɗe wonde ndaɗɗudi jeewte paaɗe, kono ronkaa yo geɗe ɗee ɓos. E hitaande 1986 Manndelaa egginaa oon kasoo, sokaa e galle (wilaa) e nokku gonɗo 60 kiloomeeteer saraaji CAP.

Ko Manndelaa sokaa koo fof, winndere ndee ina ɓeydoo daranaade goppitgol makko kam e ittugol apartaayde.  Kaaɗtudi majjum ko hiirde waɗnoonde e suwee 1988 to Wembly, nde naalankooɓe heewɓe winndere ndee tawtoraa, nde fotde teemedere miliyoŋ njeeɓi e teleeji mum en, nder 67 leydi ; hiirde hollittunoonde kasoo Manndelaa e kiiɗal pawingal e ɓesngu Afrik worgo. E miijo ANC nii ko kayre yaawni goppitgol Manndelaa , sibu, ñalnde 7 desaambar 1988, o yamiraa hootde galle makko, kono tawa o yaltataa ɗum. E 1989 o winndi Pieter Botha, o wiyi ɗum : « wonaa goppitgol am ɓuri himmude », « musiiba oo ko leydi pecciindi pecce ɗiɗi gañondirɗe, barondirooje », o wiyi « njiɗ-mi ko yo pelle ɗiɗi ɓurɗe mawnude e leydi ndii kaaldu », ɗeen ngoni ANC e laamu Apartaayd. O haali toɓɓe ɓurɗe teeŋtude potɗe yeewteede ɗee : « go’o, tabintingol doosgal keewndi e nder dowla gootiɗɗo ; ɗiɗi, kulhuli raneeɓe leydi ndii mbaawi jogaade e ɗuum ». Ñalnde 5 suwee 1989 ɓe potti to galle Botha. Kono e daawal hakkunde ngal, o rafaa, de Klerk lomtii mo e ngardiigu laamu nguu.

Ñalnde 15 oktoobar 1989 de Klerk yaltini hoohooɓe ANC njeeɗiɗo, waɗɓe, gooto heen fof, duuɓi 25 e kasoo. Ina e ɓeen biyeteeɗo Walteer Sisulu. E noowammbar Manndelaa wiyi “e hoohooɓe raneeɓe ɓe o meeɗnoo yeewtidde ɓee fof, ko de Klerk ɓuri hellifeede e nuunɗude”. De Klerk ne habri goppitgol Manndelaa ñalnde 2 feebariyee 1990.  e konngol ƴettunoo to parlamaan.  O habri keɓtingol ANC kam e pelle goɗɗe luundinooɗe Apartaayd.

E konngol makko ñalnde o woppitaa ndee, o hunii gollanaade jam e deeƴre e beldital e raneeɓe leydi ndii, kono o wiyi ɓe njoɗɗinaani petelaaji. Sibu o wiyi waɗi min ƴettude fetel e hitaande 1960, nde min cosi catal konu ANC ko yiɗde dartaade Apartaayd. Ndaa geɗe gaddannooɗe min ƴettude fetel ɗee, ina lutti woodde haa hannde. Alaa no min mbaɗata so wonaa jokkude hare. A min njaakorii noon maa weeyo henaniingo maslahaa dañe ko ɓooyaani. Oon sahaa jogaade fetel alaa ko firtata”.

O wiyi kadi faandaare makko rowrowre ko ɓaleeɓe ɓurɓe heewde e leydi hee ɓee, keɓ hakke woote. Ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1990, o wiyi yimɓe makko « Mberlo-ɗee petelaaji mon, laɓe mon, jaasiiji mon e jammbe mon nder geec », ɗum ko yiɗnoode deeƴnude hakkunde ANC e Guwarnama oo, kono kadi hakkunde  ANC e Linkataa mo Butelesi.

Caggal ɗuum, nde jeewte mbaɗaa ngam lelnude doosɗe leydi kese, ANC joɗɗini petelaaji e hitaande 1994 caggal nde nanondiral dañaa. E daawal hakkunde ngal, e sulyee 1991, Manndelaa ardinaa ANC, lomtii Oliwiyee Tammboo gardinooɗo ɗum gila 1969. Ko e ngaal daawal o yahi Kubaa (sulyee 1991) ngam salminde Fidel Kastroo. Ko oon wiynoo “Nelson Manndelaa ko ganndaaɗo, kormaaɗo, mo miliyoŋaaji limlimtinɗi neɗɗo e winndere ndee korsini”. “so oɗon njiyloo neɗɗo nuunɗuɗo, on mbaawaa dañde ko ɓuri Manndelaa . So oɗon njiyloo neɗɗo ŋeerɗo fiɓnde, jaambaaro, teeyɗo, peertuɗo, ƴoƴɗo, kattanɗo, on ndañataa ko ɓuri Mandelaa”. “Miɗo goongɗini o jeyaa ko e maaɗe ɓurɗe haawnaade yonta men oo”.

Ñalnde 17 marse 1992, De klerk heɓi hoolaare raneeɓe, ko ndeen o wiyi raneeɓe ɓee e koye mum « pellitii uddude deftere apartaayd».

Jeewte ina njokki, haa nde Manndelaa e De klerk ndokkaa njeenaari Nobel e hitaande 1993, sabu winndere ndee heɓtinde ko ɓe ngollantoo yo jam dañe koo. Hay so noon sahaa e sahaa fof won geɗe telɓinooje darnde maɓɓe, ko wayi no boneeji baɗnooɗi toon e sulyee 1992 walla warngo Chris Hani, gooto e ardiiɓe parti maruceewo leydi ndii, ñalnde 13 abriil 1993. Ɗum fof e wayde noon nanondiral dañaa yo woote kuɓtodinɗe gadane njuɓɓine ñalnde 27 abriil 1994.

Heddii noon waɗde feere mbele seɓɓitiiɓe banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof (raneeɓe rasiste'en ɓe njiɗaa jam, e ɓaleeɓe huutorteeɓe ɓe njiɗaa jam hono Inkata mo Gatsa Butelesi). Haa teeŋti noon e Butelesi mo ɗeɓaani yortaade, sibu o jaɓi jeytoreede e woote hee tan ko tawi heddiima balɗe 7, tawi Manndelaa wiyi ina heɓii e sujjande mo, mbele jam na dañee.

Nde woote mbaɗaa, Manndelaa toɗɗaa yo ardo leydi ndii (62,6%). Nii woni o sompi guwarnama gootaagu ngenndi denndinnooɗo ANC e Parti Nasiyonaal e Inkata Freedom Party. Tabo Mbekki e Frederik De klerk ngoni sukkuɓe. E nder diskuur piilngal makko Manndelaa hoolliti weltaare mum e pirtagol apartaayd e « jibenegol renndo ngo winndere ndee fof weltanii » kam e « ngenndi timtimol mbelditndi e hoore mum, mbelditndi e aduna ». O holliti heen geɗe garwaniije manndaa makko so haɓde e baasal e paltooraaji. Hankati heddii Manndelaa ina ɓooroo seeɗa seeɗa laamu sibu tuggi 1996 ko Thabo Mbekki o woppiri ngardiigu fiyakuuji leydi ndii; e hitaande 1997 o woppi ngardiigu ANC. Nde o joofni manndaa makko gadano, o woppi laamu. Ko e hitaande 1999. O ƴetti altered kono o jooɗaaki, sibu o naati ko e gollanaade renndo ngoo haa arti e haɓde e ñawu SIDA tee omo rokkaa faayiida mawɗo e fiyakuuji winndere ndee.

Mbaawka haaldeede e welditeede

Mandelaa, gila ina woni nder kasoo yaltaani tawi yenanaama wonde feere wootere waawnde daɗndude leydi ndii ko kaaldigal e beldital. Oon sahaa noon, ñalnde kala ko maayɓe sabu pelɓondire hakkunde laamu apartaayd e terɗe ANC. E miijo Manndelaa « ngam ñifde hare hakkunde neɗɗo e gaño mum, alaa e sago neɗɗo jaɓa haaldude e oon gaño, ɓe ngollodoo ngam waɗde jam ».

E nder joɗnde teeŋtunde hakkunde ANC e senerooji konu Afrik worgo kam e sarwisaaji ñukkintooɗi, Nelson Mandelaa wiyi ɓe « So tawii ko wolde njiɗ-ɗon, mi suuɗataa on nii wonde min mbaawaa dartaade on. Min ngalanaa ɗum hattan. Kono, maa wolde ndee juut, nde metta, maayɓe keewa, tee leydi ndii ina waawi wontude mboorndi, yiƴƴa heen. Kono, woto njejjitee geɗe ɗiɗi : On mbaawaa foolde min sibu a min keewi : on mbaawaa warde min minen fof. On mbaawaa foolde min sibu aduna oo jaɓataa ɗum. Ma ɓe njantu e amen kamɓe fof, ɓe mballa min ». Ndeen o haalii ɗum, o ƴeewondiri e seneraal Constand Viljoen, gooto e maɓɓe fof faami wonde ina hatojini e goɗɗo oo. E wiyde binndoowo gooto Afrik worgonaajo biyeteeɗo Njabulo Ndebele, ko ngalɗoo gostondiral miijo woni sabaabu cosgol Goomu Goonga e Beldital. O tonngi, o wiyi « Kala ɗo maslahaa dañaa, tawata ko waɗdooɓe ɓee, gooto heen fof ina heɓii e woppude paandaale mum ɗe ngaaɓnotaako, gooto e maɓɓe fof gollanoo nanondiral naftowal ɓe kamɓe fof ».

E miijo Manndelaa , ndimaagu ɓaleeɓe fotaani wontude njiyaagu hiiɗnooɓe ɓee, sibu nguun ndimaagu alaa nafoore, nde tawnoo « ndimaagu am timmaataa so tawii mi haɗii goɗɗo rimɗude. Kiiɗaaɗo e kiiɗɗo fof ngonaa rimɓe ». Alaa e sago raneeɓe ɓee njenanee kiiɗetaake so tawii ɓaleeɓe ɓee laamiima. Ko e oo sifaa tan kaaldigal ngal waawirta yuumtude. « Goonga oo, ko en cuwaa tawo rimɗude, en njettiima noon ndimaagu rimɗude, en keɓii hakke waasde hiiɗeede… Waɗi noon, « Ndimaagu wonaa tan seertude e ɓoggi, kono ko wuurde tawa ina hormii, ina tiiɗtina ndimaagu woɗɓe. »

Kaaldigal wonaa tan termondirde e gaño mum, kono kadi ko waasde taƴondirde e sehilaaɓe mum ɓooyɓe ɓe winndere ndee ñiŋatnoo. Yeru, nde Bil Kilinton ari Afrik worgo e hitaande 1998, Nelson Manndelaa siftinii mo wonde Dental Amerik wallittunoo ndeen ko Apartaayd, tawi woɗɓe ina mballita hare luulndiinde apartaayd. Manndelaa wiyi « gooto e hooreeɓe leyɗe mo ngadii-mi bismaade ɗoo ko Fidel Kastoroo … mi bismii ma kadi Muammaar Kaddaafi. Waɗi mi waɗde ɗum, ko e aada amen, woppude wallitnooɓe ma e saanga nde ngon-ɗaa e caɗeele ɓurɗe mawnude e nguurndam, ko huunde soofnde ».




#Article 36: Taali (331 words)


Gila 2004, winndere nden fof haalduno fotti suɓugol ñalaande noogaas (20) lewru Maarasi (Mbooy) ndun ngam mawningol Taali. E hitaande kala non tiitoonde hesere suɓete e innde ñalaande nden, wano 2014 on hikka, ko Monstres et Dragons woni ko suɓaa, ɓe wi'a ɗum fuuta Jaloo; “Bono e Sari”, maa Sari e Bono, ekn. 

Taali ɗin Fuuta Jaloo:
Taali ɗin Fuuta Jaloo hino heewi hikmaaji, hebbiniraa neediiji, hino jeyaa e majji:

Fow jooɗoo heɗoo, taaloowo on fuɗɗora ñeeñal e needi, o wowla o fillitoo, o wi’a: 

Taali-yoo, taalaatee
Taali-yoo, taalaatee

Ko ɗum Saydu Abaccaa firiri ka Farayse: 
Histoire, raconte.

Si ɗum feƴƴii, taalol ngol nannganee, ko ɓuri heewude kon, ko ɗii konguɗi o fuɗɗorta: “Ko ñannde goo nun”, “ko goɗɗo goo nun”…

Taala Tinndora:
Taalol si welay, ko maa ngol jilla e tinndi, tinndi findinayɗi, fensitayɗi laaɓɓina piiji, ɓeydora hen pinal e faamu. Ko ɗoo mi annditata Alla hilno Moodi Aamas’Soh Gine ka taali e tinndi e haala pulaar (juma kala ka rajoo Gine). Si a feccii taalol makko ngol ɗiɗi, a taway feccere ɗiɗaɓere nden fof ko tinndi. Ko non nde no taalee hara gooto fof no heɗii, hay gooto wowlataa si wonaa tuma lamndal joli.
Tuma taalol ngol timmata, tawa nokku on deeƴƴiino hok, nanaa no wi”ee: “ɓeydanee en”, hakkee ko foti. 
	
Taletaake ñalorma?
Hino tawaa e ko anndaa Fuuta Jaloo, wondema taaletaake ñalorma, taali ko jemma, mo taalay ko kiikiiɗe, e ko nanndi e ɗum. 
Faandaare taalirgol jemma ngol, ko hikma waɗiraa, wonaa si tawii haray ɗum ko masiibo addata. Ko tawde, hari ɓaawo ɗoo nun, ko remuru ndun jamaa on wuuruno, ko no remiraa woo heege daɗirta e koɗooli ɗin. Remugol non ko ñalorma wanaa jemma, taali le yahdataa e remugol. Ko ɗum waɗi si ɓe haɗi taalirgol ñalorma, fii hilnagol remuru ndun, hara ko jemma taalirtee nde fof arti fowtii, tawa no woodi no dawiree ka ngesa bimbi. Seedee mun, Alla-hinno Moodi Aamas’Soh waɗtuno taalirde ñalorma ka rajooji gine ado o faataade, si ɗum daganooki, o waɗataano. 




#Article 37: Facciro (635 words)


Facciro qur-aanil kariim, Simoore Huudi waɗi en suɓaade ndeeɗo simoore ko sabu mayre heewde qiissaaji Annabaaɓe e leƴƴi mum, ende addi qiissaaji Annabaaɓe njeeɗiɗo AAW,

En puɗɗoriima innde Allah jom yurmeende huuɓtodinde, ko kanko woni jom yurmeende heeraniinde juulɓe to Laakhar;

Ko Allah tan anndi ko woni muuyo makko e ɗee karfeeje Alif Laam Miim Allah wi'i ndee ɗo deftere Qur-aana ko deftere nde aayeeje mum ñeeñ-ñaa, njuɓɓaa yuɓɓo ŋarɗungo, aayeeje ɗe ceerndiraa ñaawooje e qiissaji e waajuuji, iwde to nokku ñeeññuɗo kumpitiiɗo(1) hono (Allah),

Oto ndewee so wonaa Allah, miin o komi jeertinoowo wonande on ummaraade e leeɓte Allah so on keeforiɗi, komi biltiniroowo on kadi e baraaji so on ngoongɗinii(2)

Imsinooɗee e joomon tuubon nduttitoɗon feewtude e Allah, so wayii noon Allah dakhmita on dakhamme moƴƴo, o waɗana on nguura mbelka e yaajeende dañal haa feewde e lajal ginnangal, so ngaal lajal arii Allah hokka kala jom ɓural e golle moƴƴe ɓural njoɓdi mum, so on ɗuurniima waɗde ko mbiimi on ko, miin mbiɗo hulani on leeɓte ñalawma mawɗo o(3)

Sabu ruttorde mon koto Allah te ko Allah woni kattanɗo e dow kala huunde(4)

Kono tan kamɓe heeferɓe eɓe kofa ɓerɗe maɓɓe mbele eɓe cuuɗoo Allah, Allah wi'i kono tan yoɓe nganndu saanga ndeɓe cuddatoo comci maɓɓe ndee, omo anndi ko eɓe cuuɗa eko eɓe peññina ko kanko woni ngannduɗo ko suuɗii e becce(5)

Allah wi'i alaa fof daabaa goonɗo e dow leydi, woni neɗɗo mum e ko wonaa neɗɗo so wonaa tawi njeɗu mum ina waɗɗii taweede e moƴƴere Allah, te kadi Allah ina anndi ñiiɓirde daabaa o ga aduna ga, walla hay so wonaa ga aduna ga, foti koe keeci gorko daabaa o woni wallah ko bange goɗɗo fof Allah ina anndi, Kadi Allah ina anndi resrude daabaa o foti koe rannga walla e deedi jibinooji walla soe gooɓle, gootel heen kala to woni omo anndi, kala heen gootel ina e Alluwal deenangal ngal(6) (Lawhil mahfuuz)

Ko Allah woni tagɗo Asamaanuuji e Leydi e nder balɗe jeegom, laatiinooma Arsi makko ina e ndiyam, hao jarriboo on holi kala emon ɓurɗo moƴƴude golle ɗoftaare, so tawii tan a wiyii ko on ummitinteeɓe caggal nde maayɗon, maa heefareeɓe ɓe mbi'i wonaani ooɗo Qur-aani so wonaa ko o mbiloowu peeñngu(7)

Allah wi'i somin leelni addude e maɓɓe leeɓte haa dumunna dottaaɗo, ma nan ɓe mbiya hol ko haɗi leeɓte ɗe jippaade, Allah wi'i kono tan ñande leeɓte ɗe ngari e maɓɓe ɗe ngonaa duuñtateeɗe ga maɓɓe, ndeen maɓe nganndu jippiima e maɓɓe koɓe njalkitatnoo ko(8)

Allah wi'i somin meeɗni keefeero njurum amen ko wai no ngalu e cellal ekn... iwde to amen, caggal ɗum min keɓti ɗum e makko o wonti baasɗo wallah ñawɗo, tawaamo kanko gittanaaɗo ko woodno ko, ko o ɗamtintooɗo cattuɗo jeddugol moƴƴere Allah(9)

Ko hono noon kadi somin meeɗnii neɗɗo neema caggal nde lor memnoomo, kadi nanaa o wiya musibbaaji ngiwaniikam, ay no neɗɗo ko beltortooɗo bewre, basortooɗo ko rokkaa(10)

Allah wi'i woni ko  wayaani noon tan ko ɓeen muñnooɓe e saanga lor rafi e baasal, kadi ɓe ngolli moƴƴereeji e nder neemaaji, woodanii ɓeen ɗoon hafraneede bakkatuuji mum en, kadi ina woodaniɓe njeenaari mawndi(11)

Allah wi'i Muhammadu maataw aan kaa goppoowo yoga ko ina wahya feewde ema taw a yettintaaɓe ɗum? sabu ɗum ina ɓittina beccemaa, oto ɓe mbi'ide hol ko haɗi jiɓɓinee e ma ngalu, walla malayka ara wondude e ma, kono oto ɗum won ngoƴa ma sabu aan ko a jeertinoowo tan, alaa ko waɗɗii e dow ma so wonaa yettindeɓe nelalngal, ko Allah woni kedoowo e kala huunde(12)

ɗaccu nih heefereeɓe ɓe eɓe mbiya Muhammadu fefindiima Al-qur-aana, so taw ko noon wi'iɓe kamɓene yoɓe ngaddu cimooje sappo nannduɗe e Al qur-aana taw ko pepindaaɗe, wi'iɓe yoɓe noddu moɓe kattani fof gaa ga Allah, tawde kay ɓe laatiima eɓe ngooŋɗi(13) e wi'ideɓe Al qur-aana o kako fepinda,




#Article 38: Alahajji Umaru Taal (1115 words)


Alahajji Umaru Taal maa Umar Taal maa Shayxu Tijjaani maa Alahajji Umar Fuutiyyu ko amiiru laamateeri lislaamuyankeeri e cernoojo himmuɗo e nder taariika Afirik Hiirnaange. O laatino geɗal Saydu Taal e sonnaajo maɓɓe Aadama Siisee (woɓɓe no wi'a Caam). O jibinaa hitaande porto 1797 e ngoo hoɗo Alowaar, takko Podor binnde Senegaaliwol, leydi Fuuta Tooro (Senegal hannde). Ko humodunooɗo e ɓee Tooroɓɓe ulamaa’uuɓe. Dewal timmungal e yankinaare ko yumma makko anndiraa accuno e makko batte  tiiɗuɗo. O maakayno: “Mi accii Fuuta duhiiɓe buy fotondirɓe e ben am kono mi accaali hen  suddiiɗo hewtitotooɗo yumma am.” Ko ka maɓɓe ɗon o heɓi needi e baŋŋe diina kan, o janngi ko kelɗi e no kelɗiri. On-tuma o sawri, o yahi Muritaniiyu e Uwalataa ka jaawiyaaji  nantuɗi innde e oon saa'i, ɗi qaadiriyankooɓe ɓen huɓɓunoo. Kono ko ɓuri waɗude batte e makko ko hajjoygol ngol Makka e ko o weeroyi kon ka laamateeriiji diinayankooji Tooroɓɓe e Fulɓe e nder ngal laral  Sudan. No fellitaa, o yahii Bornu o yiidii ɗon e El-Kanemi, o feƴƴii Misra, o ƴoogi ganndal e baŋŋe karamokooɓe ɓen to duɗal mawngal Al Ashar, ado o hewtude Makka e Madiina , o anndindiri ɗon e lamɗo Hejas on. No tanƴinaa, o weerii duuɓi sappo e ɗiɗi e nder leydi Sokoto ndin (Nayjiiriyaa fewndo hannde). Ko ɗon o wallifii ndee deftere makko ”Suyi’af al-sayd” e baŋŋe Muhammadu Beloo yeɗuɗo mo teddungal e mbarjaari, okki mo kadi sonnaaɓe ɗiɗo ɓii moƴƴuɓe. Goɗɗo on ko geɗaljo on lamɗo. O iwi ɗon o ari Hamdallaay ka Sayku Aamadu lamɗo Maasina. O jaɓɓoraa ɗon kadi teddungal e ɓaawo fantingol. E ndee saare Segu ka Bammbarankooɓe, lamɗo sanamunkeeɓe ɓen  jaɓɓor mo ngayngu. Almaami Fuuta Jaloo kañun teddinno mo fota, newnani mo sincugol jaawiya, taalibaaɓe buy iwɓe Fuuta Tooro ko ɓuri kon mbatii mo. Seeɗa–seeɗa himme immanagol fii laamu e silmingol jamaaji jilii ɓernde makko. Hitaande porto 1850, o sinci ndee saare Dinngiraawii (leydi Gine hannde). Wonani mo “fergu”. Tatawii moolanaangii darnaa ka wona ardorde immannde makko nden. Alahajji Umar no dolnornoo ngol laawol Tijjaaniyaa newinngol dewal ngal, waɗungal uddital, newnanngal taalibaaɓe e jamaa on ɓadondirgol e waliiyu mun heɓa barki makko. Ɗun woni sabu jokkere enɗan kelɗunde, hawtunde haajuuji laamu e diina, heɓude ɓural e nder leyɗe Sudan ɗen. Duhiiɓe e suddiiɓe, sukaaɓe e ñeeñuɓe weltorii neweende ko woni e ngol laawol, ɓe felliti ko ɗon ɓure e polge heɓotoo.

Alahajji Umaru naati xalwa balɗe cappanɗe nayi. Ɓaawo mun, o yanani ka aranun ɗee leyɗe sanamunkeeje e ɗe lannaa silmude. O henndii ngal laral Bammbuk heewungal kaŋŋe e Karta ka Kulubaliiɓe Masasi; o dahi Ñooro hitaande 1854. O fewti non Hirnaange ka maɓɓe Fuuta Tooro ka taalibaaɓe makko buy iwrunoo tawti mo. Koneeli makko ɗin no senndanoo waɗaa pecce tati; fecco kala no joginoo calɗi tati kañun kadi. Adadu koneeli ɗin no hewtunoo daditii-dariiɓe guluuji cappanɗe  tati. No jeyaa e maɓɓe seppooɓe yooɓiiɓe pinka, e  suufaaɓe waɗɗiiɓe pucci yooɓiiɓe labbooji. Kono porto Faransi’en e Qadiriyankooɓe ɓen  woniraano accangol mo. Oo amiiruujo porto no wi’ee  Federba nannganiino jooɗagol e leydi ndin, no himmannoo naatangol kadi leyɗe serindiiɗe ɗen Jaalibawol. Federba toɗɗaa wonugol guwerner senegaal hitaande porto 1854; o sinci Ndakaaru hitaande 1857. Taalibaaɓe Alahajji Umar ɓen alaa ngal rewraali fii henndagol ndee saare Madiina. Guuwe maɓɓe ɗen jonnaali ɓe kutu, ɓe hunndi tatawii  ngii ɓay feere goo alaa. Ɓe sakkitori saakagol ɓay ndunngii, laaɗe Federba ɗen heɓi no hewtira hen, ukka taalibaaɓe ɓen conndi. O pottii ɗon, o jottoroyi Gemu takko maayo ngon ka woɗɗitii Madiina. O etii naɓidugol e Naareeɓe Muritaniiyu ɓen. Cuucal e ŋanaaku taliibaaɓe ɓen haɗaali Federba heɓude poolgal e dow huutorgol boɓi raw-raw furooji ɗin kure mawɗe. Ko sabu ɗun fow, Alahajji Umaru naɓtiri doole mun ɗen Funnaange. O ahodi e Federba o tertike Senegaal; o hewti Ñooro, laamorde Bammbarankooɓe Karta ɓen, nden o giddani leyɗe Sahel ɗen, o jogii  ngal laral mawngal ngal Jaalibawol hunnditi, ley e dow muuɗun, o watti e nder hen e nder laamateeri makko Ñaamina, Sansanding, o sakkitori Segu, caggal nde o heli koneeli Bammbarankooɓe ɗin, o toɗɗii ɗon ɓiɗɗo makko on, Ahmadu laamɗo. Ɓaawo o foolii laamateeriiji sanamunkeeji ɗin, o yaaɓani almamaakuuji juulɓe takkiiɗi Jaalibawol (Maayo Niiser) ɗin, wano Maasina. Ɓaawo non hujja alaa mo o tuugotoo e mum fii naɓugol konu e leydi juulɓe wano makko, o lamitori non ko lamɗo Maasina wallitanooki mo fewndo Madiina huuɓaa e ko on wernunoo kon lamɗo Segu, on sanamunkeejo, o maɓi Maasina, o lanci pecer saare laamorde nden Hamdallaahi, guluuji guluuji (ujunaaji) yimɓe sahinɗinaa e nden hare (12 maarasi 1862). Ɓaawo ɗum, o wugganii Tummbuktu, fahin e nden hitaande porto 1862 kono ngun konu ɗon boniri mo sabu mottondiral Tuwareg'en e Safalɓe e Fulɓe dartino mo riiwti konu makko ngun.

Laamateeriwal ngal junndi mun yoni kiloomeeterji wuluure gila Funnaange naɓi Hirnaange, e hoore tuɗɗe mun catorɗe ɗen ko wa nii Dinngiraawii, Ñooro, Segu  e Bannjagara, welaa tabintinde tentinii lurre tiiɗuɗe no funtinoo hen, tawti ɗun hubbuki ki alaa kattudi taalibaaɓe tooroɓɓe ɓen no addaynoo jiiɓoldu mettina ɓerɗe yimɓe leyɗe ɗen. Ɓen duumii e waɗugol gubali haɓa koneeli Alahajji Umar ɗin, e hoore Bammbarankooɓe sanamunkeeɓe haɓɓuɓe hettay leydi baaba mun no renndina giiteeli wallitoo gubalinkeeɓe ɓen. Fahin Fulɓe Maasina ɓen jaɓaali yankinanaade laamu Tooroɓɓe ngun, hiɓe faalaa yoɓtaade. Ko ɗum addi Baa Lobbo, denɗiraawo laamɗo maɓɓe Ahmadu mo Tooroɓɓe ɓen waruno e immingol murtaldu Hamdallaahi haa waawi riiwude suufaaɓe Alahajji Umar ɓen. Alahajji Umar etii ɗanningol giteeli huɓɓuɗi e nokkeeli buy e leyɗe makko ɗen kono ronki, tawi kadi nayeewu jilike mo. Ñannde goo himo wanngora mbaɗɗateeri, o fotti e maayde nden, no tuumaa ko e hitaande porto 1864; no gasa hara o luttu e nder fammeere e ɗee pete Bannjagara. No woodi kadi taariikayankeeɓe wi'uɓe wondema ko e nder huɓɓugol conndi finkaari mooɓitaandi Alahajji Umar Taal hawri e caate. Maayde Alahajji Umar nden, e tigi-tigi on, haa hannde ko jiɓi-liɓi.

Ahmadu mo Alahajji Umaru heɓaali kutu jokkitagol ko ben mun eɓɓunoo kon, tentinii porto Faransi’en hewtiino ka keeri haa naatii Segu e hitaande 1890. Alaano no  Alahajji Umar huɓindora tabintina laamateeriwal mawnirngal non, tawi e hoore ɗun o heɓanaali ɗun saa’iiji yonuɗi. Pellet eɓɓoore makko nden no himmunoo sincugol laamu diinayankoowu ngu doole waawaynoongu  sakkagol porto'en taƴa laawol maɓɓe, hiwa leyɗe ɓaleeɓe. Alahajji Umar Fuutiiyu no herornoo ganndal yaajungal, hakkil timmuki e  pehinaaku banŋe ɗowoodi e konu ngu ɗuuɗaa nanndo.
Haa hannde innde Alahajji Umar no lolli buy e ɗii nokkeeli tati Afrik Hiirnaange: Maali, Gine, Senegal, himo yimee e gimi ɗuuɗuɗi. Gootol e majji ko taara (ɗum firi ko: o yahii e fulfulde) ngol wammbaaɓe (jeliiɓe) Manndinkooɓe yuɓɓannoo mo. 
Taariika makko on kadi no fillaa e nder qasiidaare nde gooto e yahdiiɓe makko inneteeɗo Muhammadu Aliyyu Caam wallifinoo e Pulaar/fulfulde e binndi ajamiyya.




#Article 39: Toɓo (641 words)


Hol no toɓo ardata ?

Ko adii nde kaalaten haala toɓo, eɗen njaafnoo musiɗɓe annduɓe ko fayti e meteyoo (météo), ko nanndi e Umar Abdalla Wele en, Maamuudu Bah en, Alasan Kaaliidu Bah en (Taagutalla) e woɗɓe ɓe en nganndaa tawi ko haralleeɓe majjum … Winndannde ndeeɗoo wallifaa ko e hitaande 1981. Nde yaltiino e tonngoode 5 Fooyre Ɓamtaare (oktoobar, noowammbar, desammbar) e tonngoode 7 (abriil, mee, suwee 1982). Ina wayi no ko en « wultinɓe » winndannde ndee. Ɗum noon ɓe njaafoo en so tawii won ko ñawi heen, ɓe mballa en e sellitinde.

Hol ko woni duule ? Hol no toɓo ardata ? Ɗum ko huunde e naamne ɗe etoto-ɗen jaabaade e ndee winndannde
Eɗen teskii so eɗen pasna ndiyam, eɗen njiya ko wayi no cuurki nii ina wiimtoo : ko ndiyam woni ɗoon ; eɗen mbiya ɗam mbiimtam. Nganndirten ko cuurki ndiyam (cuuram) woni ɗoon ko ƴetten hippoode yoornde, tiimnen ɗum e hunuko barme biimtotooɗo o : ɓooyataa o leppa haa baade ndiyam ciimta. Walla kadi ƴetten kaas joorɗo kippen e hunuko berreede ɗalnde, ma en njiy o leppa haa ndiyam wona e siimtude.

Naange ne so feerii, huunde e ndiyam ngonno-ɗam e leydi walla e beeli, maaje, geec, wiimtoto, ŋabba, naata e weeyo. So henndu ɓuuɓndu naatii e ngoon weeyo, ndiyam ngonno-ɗam heen ɗam (e ngonka cuurki) fenndoo, wonta duule : ruulde ko ndiyam penndiɗam.

Ɗeen duule noon, ina ɓeydoo ɓuuɓde tan ina ɓeydoo fenndaade, baade ɗe ina ɓeydoo mawnude, haa ɗe njettoo e nokku mo nganndu-ɗaa ɗe teddii no feewi, ɗe ngona e saamde : woni toɓo. Toɓo ngoo jibina beeli ekn … leppina leydi ; so naange ngee feerii kadi ɗam wona e wiimtaade, ɗam toɓa kadi … noon, noon … alaa happu.

Ina woodi kadi geɗe ballitooje walla kaɗooje toɓo. Yeru, ina hasii nokku ɓurɗo waawde toɓde kala tawata ko nokku gulɗo (sahaa nguleeki) e heewde ndiyam (so tawii kaɗooje ngalaa kay), ko wayi no nokkuuji ŋorol peccol. Ko ɗum boom jeyi sabaabu ƴiiwoole ŋorol peccol ina ndoolni, keewi ndiyam. Kono, eɗen ngoɗɗitoo ŋorol peccol tan doole ƴiiwoole ina ustoo, haa njetto-ɗen gulli leydi, ɗo nganndu-ɗaa ƴiiwataa saka toɓa, sibu toon wulaani saka ndiyam wiimtoo, saka toɓa. En mbiyiino wonde ina woodi geɗe ballitooje toɓo ekn …

En kaaliino nafoore nguleeki ...

Keneeli : ko adii fof keneeli ina mballita biimtagol ndiyam. Keneeli leppuɗi nokkuuji gulɗi ina ngadda toɓo so naatii e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi. Eɗen mbaawi rokkude yeru e baaruuji hirnaange e worgo (kenal demminaare, njugooru, loowooru …) : ɗi ummii ko to nokkuuji gulɗi, leppuɗi …

Dunli leɗɗe : Mawɓe men ina keewnoo wiyde « leɗɗe ina pooɗa toɓo ». Ngol konngol tuugii ko e teskuya, kono ko teskuya celluɗo, heddii ko faamde hol no dunndu fooɗirta toɓo. E ko anndaa, dow dunli ina heewi ɓuuɓde. Ko ngool ɓuuɓol wallitaa penndagol ndiyam. Neke eɗen poti hisnude dunli men, ndaro-ɗen e lorde leɗɗe haa keewa.

Tooweeki (kaaƴe ekn …) : so duule kawrii e kaaƴe toowɗe, ɗe toowtat (ɗe ɓeydoo toowde) woni ɗe ɓeydoo ɓuuɓde (dow ɓuri ɓuuɓde e les), nii woni ɗe toɓa (baade ndiyam, walla mbarmballe ekn … ). Ko noon paamraten, kala nokku keewɗo kaaƴe toowɗe, ina heewi toɓooli, kono, ɗuum ko to bannge mo duule ɗee ngardata oo tan, ko ɗoon ndiyam ɗam fof heewi yuppaade. Bannge dumtiiɗo oo, heewi wonde ko joorɗo, sibu duule ɗee ngonata ko e tellitaade, ɗum noon ɓeydoto wulde, toɓo ngoo saaya.

Ɓallagol geec : ko e dow geec ndiyam ɓuri waawde wiimtaade (ɗoo ɓuri heewde ndiyam). So dabbunde naatii, njoorndi ndii ɓurata ɓuuɓde. Ko ɗum tagi e oon sahaa (e dabbunde) nokkuuji daande geec ɓuri waawde toɓeede. Daande geec Nuwaasoot heewaani toɓo dabbunde : tagi ɗum ko waraango ɓuuɓngo (haɗoowo mbiimtam) na heedi ngo (Nuwaasoot) to bannge henndu nduu ummortoo oo, ngoon waraango woni waraango Kanari. Ndiyam ɗam wiimtotaako no feewi ngati ine ɓuuɓi. 




#Article 40: Femmbugal (1908 words)


Femmbugal, ko wi'etee kadi innde boobo maa dennaboo e fulfulde Fuuta Jaloo, maa kadi locital e fulfulde Fuuta Tooro, lamru e maasinakoore maa inndeeri e adamawankoore, ko denndaangal kuuɗe e welo-welooji finaa-tawaa ɗi innde boobo jibinaaɗo suɓetee e mum. Si wonii Fulɓe Fuuta Jaloo, ko nii innde boobo laatorta to maɓɓe:

E nder Fuuta-Jaloo, innde boobo ko haaju hittuɗo wonannde baaba e neene boobo, musiɓɓe maɓɓe e wondiigu ngun fow. Kono no foti ka anndintinen wonnde ko boobo gorko addata yaññugol ñimna iwdi e gorol e nder wondiigu ka gori fewjata. No gasa hara ɗun luttaaka e ko waɗi haa Afiriki ɗo’o, no wa’ita wa si ko boobo gorko ɓuri hittude e dii boobo debbo, on tuumaaɗo ko sonnjaa e fitina tun addata. Ko ɗun waɗata si jon galleeɓe go’o si humpitike sonna maɓɓe ko sowiiɗo, ɓe waɗay toraare Allah fii yo boobo saawaaɗo on laato wonde boobo gorko ! Si fii himme heɓugol boobo gorko martinaama, en anndintinay kadi wonnde Afirik ɗo’o, ko hasii kon, ko tama’u heɓugol ɓiɓɓe woni dalil desal. Ko sabu ɗun waɗi si yimɓe jommbindirii, ɓe wondii duuɓi heewuɗi e ɓaawo jiidi, gootel e piiji ɗiɗi no waawi wadde : immaa ɓe seeda, hara ko hasii kon ko gorko on jonniti, immaa gorko on jommba debbo ɗimmo. Ko hasii kon, fii dewle ɗen e jiidi ndin tefataake e labutaani, fii hertingol daliilu ko haɗi jiidi sora hakkunde debbo on e genndo makko on. Ko ɓuri tabitude kon, tentinii non ka fulawaari, ko debbo on feletee. O wi’ee o jiidotaako. On jonnitee musidal makko. Ko hasii kon non, o ƴettoyte nokku go’o tun o jiidoo kisan. Ɗun holli wonnde e nder Fuuta-Jaloo maa e nder Afiriki on, anngal ganndal no laatii wonde sabu helugol dewle ɗuuɗuɗe ka tawaynoo ñawndirgol pikke seeɗa addayno jiidi hakkunde jommbindirɓe.

Hiɗen anndi hari ɓaawo ɗo’o, nanndolla cuuɗi jibinirɗi no woodunoo, kono ko e ca’e Gine seeɗaaje. Sabu ɗun wannoo fayda e nder leydi ndin fow, rewɓe sowiiɓe ɓen ko ka cuuɗi mu’un jibinaynoo. Ko yummiraaɓe joomiraaɓe faamu e ganndal, anndaaɓe e yaakoraaɓe aynaynoo ɓen jibinooɓe. Awa no ŋata fiɗiri debbo sowiiɗo on, ɓe waɗa hito e ɓen yummiraaɓe antanɓe jibinki. Ɓe fuɗɗora unugol haako kaccu, ɓe demmbina e ndiyan seeɗa. E ma’anaa, yarugol ɗan ndiyan no okka fiira fii jibingol no yaawiri e no newori. Golle wattiiɗe e ɗun, ko besugol jibinoowo on : on laɓɓinee tuma saa’i on hewti, o tolniree no gasirta non. Ontuma o yeetee ko o waɗa fii no booboo on seenora doy-doy, tentinii si ko wonɗo fuɗɗaade jibingol wondaa. Si neene booboo on hettike e jam, golle go’o ardondirɗe no waylortaa jokkita kisan. Ko adii kon, ko taƴirgol wuddu ndun laɓarki. Ko hikkata ɗon, ko irugol fodde nden. Yummiraaɓe ɓen asa ngayka, ɓe watta ton fodde nden kañumma e fanngadamma: maaro, foññe, kaaba, mbahe, ekw… No sikkaa wonnde ko ɗun waɗata si jibinɗo on heboya ɓiɓɓe buy, hara jiidi taƴondiraali. Maandinen wonnde, no fodde nden wallinirtee ka nder ngayka non, ko yummiraaɓe faltaaɓe fii mu’un ɓen tun anndi. Ado ngayka kan ommbiteede, rewɓe tiggaaɓe ɓe heɓaali ɓiɓɓe addete ɗon. Ɓe jiccoo ka sera ngayka ɓe fonta juuɗe maɓɓe ɗen ɓe toroo Jom-winndere nden yo o okkuɓe jiidi. No wi’aa ko hasii kon, Allaahu sooyintaa tama’u maɓɓe on.
Faatiha (simoore udditirde nden) e simoore Qur’aana go’o hara winndanooma e alluwal. Nasi kin lootee. Kenen, ko goɗɗo e ɓeynguure nden, ko hasii kon, debbo, mo moƴƴuki e nunɗal e laaɓal mu’un anndaa toɓɓata booboo on kin nasi e dow wi’ugol: ‘’bismillaahi rahmaanir’rahiimi (e innde Allaahu o’o yurmeteeɗo ko hatti, o’o jom yurmeende timmunde), yo Allaahu waɗe julɗo darantooɗo diina’’. Toɓɓugol booboo ko huunde hittunde. Tuma toɓɓugol ngol gasi, booboo on taaree e concol laaɓungol. Ɓaawo ɗo’o, hari conci booboo alaa. Awa gila ka booboo on waɗaa e conci, o fuɗɗete maɗɗineede enndu kisan. Kala rewɓe hoɗo ngon humpitaaɓe wuppa concoy ko marnoo, koy ɓe haajitortaa, ɓe okka jibanto on, ko o wallitoro. Ko koy jibantoojo on huutorta fii laɓɓingol e nder yontere. E nder on happu ɗon, jibanto on ko yo woofo, hara o yaltaali yaasi ko satti woo ko satti, sakko o ara fottude e yimɓe ɓe yi’ataa jibanto ɓen. Si ɗun aru wadde, booboo on ko karahan hisirta.

Welo-welo e ɓuttu ɓernde no jokkondiri e jibingol booboo gorko maa suddiiɗo e nder ɓeynguure. Ɗoo yo booboo on okke innde, ko hatonjinaa fii mu’un, ko faggugol jibanto on, fii no o hettira cellal makko ngal. Awa jibanto on yarnee ndiyan ceɓe e ɗaɗi leɗɗe warbaaɗan kañun e kala ko ɓuttinta muusu-reedu. Kenen, jibanto on ñamminee njuuri e ndokko tiga jillindiraaɗun. No fottanaa wonnde ɗun ko lekki moƴƴi. Ñaametee ko jibanto on attettee okkoreede ko hasii kon, ko ndiyan gerto warbidaaɗun e conndi e kala ko hoosata nder reedu: e ma’anaa ko lootirɗun nder reedu ndun, e wi’i yummiraaɓe ɓen. Ƴakkugol bantara maa tiga kecce tuninay ennɗi ɗin ko yaawi, nafa boobo on. No anndaa wonnde e on waqtu ɗon, jibanto ƴakkataa goro, o ñaamataa ñamaku e kala ko jannjinta.
Balɗe tati ɓaawo jibineede boobo on, ben makko noddita musidal mu’un ngal (kono ado ɗun, haray ɓeynguure nden fow humpitike wonnde boobo dañaama) fii yo ɓe haldan ko honno ɓe ƴettitirta golle finaa-tawaaje: ɗun ko humpitugol esiraaɓe ɓen fii jibinegol booboo on. Yimɓe tato maa yimɓe nayo imminee ko holloya ɓe, hara hunotooɗo laawol on ko anndaaɗo, maa hara ko ñeeño. Si ɓe hiwrondirii e futuuɓe ɓen, ko on hollitata ɓe boobo jibinaama, o hunoo ɓe haɓɓere goro. O sergitana ɓe ko boobo honɗun dañaa, ko e ñalaande honnde wonata innde boobo nden, ko honto e saa’i hommbo waɗata.
Fii saa’i ka innde nden feññintee ɗon, no joopaa wonnde ko ka walluhaa ɓuri moƴƴude. Mawɓe ɓen waɗanaa ɗun e ɗiɗi si ɓe maaki: ‘’boobo innaaɗo e walluhaa ko wallindirteeɗo’’, kabii o laatoyto wonde neɗɗo welɗo huuwondirde, e ma’anaa o laatoyto wonde neɗɗo gaynoowo haaju e nder ngurndan makko.
Fii suɓugol innde nde boobo on innetee nden, ko baaba boobo yaakitoraa. Qur’aana no yamiri julɓe ɓen yo ɓe okku geɗalɓe maɓɓe ɓen inɗe moƴƴuɗe, wano inɗe nulaaɓe ɓen, maa innɗe duhiiɓe maa suddiiɓe daraninooɓe dewal diina lislaamu. Kenen, boobo on innitirte maamaajo makko ka gorol maa ka deyol, maa yaayiraawo, maa ben makko mawɗo, maa bappiraawo makko, maa kaawiraawo makko. 

Awa ñalaande nden hewtii ka boobo wonanooɗo noddireede ‘’kun sanfa’’ (e ma’anaa “alaa innde”) okketee innde no weetiranta mokala. Ko hasii kon, ko inɗe ɗiɗi boobo on okketee, woni gorko woni jiwo. Si hawrii ko gorko, ko hasii kon ko innde Nulaaɗo Muhammadu o okketee, innde go’o kadi takkee ɗon. Ɓeynguure nden mooɓitay laabuddaaji fii haaju on walnde ado mu’un: ɗun ko baalii (ko ɓuri kon ngaari baalii), maa mbeewa. No ara ka nagge waɗee si hawrii boobo on ko tijjanooɗo dumune juutuɗo, hara mawɓe makko ko jogiiɓe jawdi ko ɓe ɓannginira hitte e welo-welo jibinegol boobo on. Ko ɗun wi’etee ‘’ waliima’’ e haala pular. Watten ka laabuddaaji fii miranji tati ñiiri. Miran ɓurɗo njanɗude on, ko on waɗetee ‘’ ñiiri futu’’. Ɗiya miranji ɗiɗi, ko ‘’ñiiri innooɓe’’ e ‘’ñiiri musidal’’. Tawta ɗon cobbal, e goro, e gate, e ɓoggi e korun woocaakun.
Hirsugol dammol maa nagge inna boobo, ko ‘’sunna Nulaaɗo Muhammadu yiɗaaɗo’’. E ma’anaa, ko yamiroore yiɗaande huutoreede. Ɓaa ñiiri, cobbal, e goro ko sadaka faandoraaɗo fii moƴƴere boobo on e nder ngurndan makko. Teewu futu ngun ko fawetee ɗun, tummbee e nder gate tati maa jeeɗiɗi, haɓɓiree ɓoggi hawaaɗi: ko ɗun woni hattirde teddungal.
Wi’eede saa’i innugol ngol hewtii, haray musidal ngal e sabondiraaɓe yumma e ben boobo fow hewtii. Ben boobo e musiɓɓe makko sortoo,ɓe ŋuna: kala humpitoo innde eɓɓaande nden. Nde winndee e abajada aarabu, e kaydi. Ndin kaydi hewtinee futuuɓe ɓen, ɓe teddinee fii innde nden. Si ɓe yaanii yo inne, ɓeynguure ben boobo on ayyina ko feññina innde nden.
Fii humpitugol mbatu julɓe mooɓiiɓe ɓen, ñeeño (gawlo, maa jeliijo, maa labbo) immoo, o ewnoo innde ŋunaande nden. Mawɓe ɓen ɗu’oo, ɓe du’anoo boobo on yo Allaahu wurnu mo, o barkina mo, yo o ɗuuɗu miññiraaɓe. On-tuma duhiiɗo ayyinee ko humpita suddiiɓe ɓen fii innde ŋunaande nden. Ɓen hara no mooɓondiri feere. Ɓawtiɗun, dammol ngol daginee. Daginɗo on ewnoo innde booboo on laaɓi tati. Ontuma ñi’e ɗen, cobbal ngal e gorooje ɗen senndee. Du’aaji jokkintinee boobo on kadi, hara haaju on gasii.
Futuuɓe ɓen (kono tigi tigi on ko ɓe ɓe immini ɓen) seenora nafakkaaji, conci e caabune fii jibanto on. Ko hasii kon, ɓe futuuɓe ɓen imminta ɓen haray no ɗuuɗi. Hara banndiraaɓe, miññiraaɓe, jaajiraaɓe, denɗiraaɓe, yaayiraaɓe, njaatigiiɓe jibanto on no tawdaa e siinaa yumma makko. Ɓe jaɓɓee, ɓe jaɓanee, ɓe wernee e suudu haqiiqaaru.
Musidal ben boobo on immina ko tolna futuuɓe ɓen. Ɓe yooɓora korun-loonde maa gobule ndiyan wonduɗan e goro sappo. Ɓe wi’a: ‘’ ko saɗi mo’on, ko toolii’’. Ɓe hunoo ɓe nafakka ko ɓe maranaa kon. Awa ko ɗee gorooje sappo ka korun-loonde, maa gobule wi’etee ‘’goro salligii.’’ Ko ɗen woni goro tolnirɗe koɗo tedduɗo.
Tuma seeniiɓe fii futu on nafii, ɓe immina ko du’anaoo musidal ben boobo battane nafakkaaji ɗin e teddule ko ɓe waɗanaa fow. Awa ɓe du’itanee kamɓe kadi. Awa tuma imminaaɓe fii futu on waynitii, ɓe waɗanee ‘’fannda futu’’, ɓe ɗowtitee. Nafakkaaji ko ɓe seenodunoo e mu’un fii haaju on sennditee kisan. Ko ɓaawo ɗun wa yimɓe njeeɗiɗo immintee ko seenoo naɓugol ‘’innde boobo’’ nden. Ko naɓetee, ko fecco dammol inniraakol kol, monndaaɗun e gate haɓɓiraaɗe ɓoggi hawaaɗi. Maruɓe feere go’o no woowi wattude e ɗun ngaari baali maa mbeewa. Ko mokobaaɓe tedduɓe ka gorol jibanto on jaɓɓotoo werna ɓen imminaaɓe. Tuma ɓe tolnaa, ɓe hiwrondiraa, seeniiɓe ɓen hunoo laawol, ɓe watta ko ɓe seenori kon e sookeeje gorol neene boobo on. Hawra hiɓe maranaa nafakkaaji, ɓe nafoo. Tuma ɓe gayni nafaade, ɓe du’ondiree fii nafakkaaji ɗin e fii boobo dañaaɗo on, ɓe waynitoo. Ɓe fanndee kaalisi e goro, ɓe ɗowtitee. Tuma ɓe hewtiti ka gorol ben boobo on, ɓe hunitoo laawol no ɓe seenori, no ɓe teddiniraa e no ɓe waynondiriraa.
Mo ardinii hakkil e no haaju innde boobo filloraa non, ootigi faamay ko haa honto jaaɓondirgol jawdi mari hitte hakkunde musidal ben boobo e musidal yumma boobo. Kono himme ɓurɗo mawnude on, ko doomangol boobo on du’aaji.
Ko lutti fillaaka fii mu’un ko no boobo on femmbirtee. Ɗun ɗon ko golle rewɓe tun. Ko ka alansaraa woowi wadde. Ɗo’o men, ko rewɓe ka gorol e ka deyol boobo on gollidata. Ko ɗun ɗo’o woni finaa-tawaa e ɗen golle: yaayiraawo boobo on adda mo ka dammbugal; o watta mo e sookeeje musiɗɗo yumma makko, hara on jooɗinoke e jullere labbo. O addanee horde waɗornde ndiyan e haako ƴiɓɓehi rimuki, gorooje e laɓarki. Ko ɓen yaayiraaɓe e neeniraaɓe boobo on femmbata mo. Sukundu ndun jonnee yaaye boobo on, on morla ndu ka newe m’un. Tamere sukundu nden jonnitee jibanto on, tuma femmbugol ngol gasi. Tuma neeɓoyi, nden tamere sukundu e wuddu boobo on hawtindirte waɗanee mo talkuru fii kisal, ko o ŋannoo tuma o mawnoyi. Si hawrii boobo on ko iwdi lamɓe, maa ganndiɗuɓe, o taaranee meetelol tuma femmbugol ngol gasi. Si hawrii wonaa o iwɗi lamɓe maa ganndiɗuɓe, o taaranee tun ko rawni.
Ko tuma ɗun fow gasi, jibanto on yaltinee non. Yaayiraawo makko jonna mo fannga-damma (maaro, foññe, kaaba, mbahe e ko wa’i wa ɗun), kaalisi (cewɗi) e goro. Jibanto on ko yo fero ɗun ɗon fow ka tannde. Tuma paykoy e gerto gayni hoccude sadaka on, jibanto on yalta taƴita tannde nden, sollintingol wonnde woofagol makko ngol timmii.




#Article 41: Ebola (153 words)


Jooni non, ko woni ñawu Ebola? Innde Ebola ndee holko nde firti ? hol tuma e hotoo nguu ñawu anndaa?
Wirus Ebola: so tawii ko konngol « Virus » ngol, ngol firti ko tooke, ko kullel ñawu ko ɗuum waɗi e ngol ɓasee e kala innde ñawu. Ko ñawu bonngu, hulɓiniingu, raaɓoowu.
So tawii ko innde Ebola ndee, nde ɓaŋaa ko e innde caanngol gonngol takko saare wi’eteende Yambuku wonnde nano e Hawtaandi Konngo Demokrasiyankoori Kinsasa « République Démocratique du Congo ».
So tawii ko tuma e hoto nguu ñawu anndaa, nguu ñawu anndaa ko he hitaande 1976 e nokkuure wonnde nano he ngenndi Konngo Kinsaasa. 
Ko ñawndoowo, doftooruujo Beljiknaajo bi’eteeɗo Peter Piot gonɗo he ñawndirde heeroriinde ñabbuuji ngenndiiji bulɗi/gulɗi/wulɗi to saare wi’eteende Antwerp « Anvers », ko oo anndini adunaaru nduu goodal nguu ñawu he hitaande 1976, caggal/ɓaawo nde ngu boomi/halki ko wonata yimɓe 280 e ndeer 318 ɓe nguu ñawu nanngunoo.




#Article 42: Limlebbi (539 words)


E sahaa hannde oo, yoga e pine kuutortoo ko lemlebbi biyeteeɗo limlebbi «Grégoire» oo, woni ko mbiyatenlimlebbi tuubakooɓe koo. Juulɓe kadi ina njogii limlebbi mum en, mo kuutorto-ɗen enen fulɓe. Pine keewɗe ina njogii limlebbi mum en keeriiɗi, kono yoga heen nattii huutoreede. Hannde ɓuri waawde huutoreede e winndere ndee kala ko limlebbi « tuubakooɓe » oo. Limlebbi ɗii ɓuri heewde tuugaade ko e dille lewru wallanaange, walla ɗiɗi ɗii kala. Ina woodi goɗɗi ɓurɗi jiiɓaade. Maa mbiyaa leyɗe winndere ndee kala kuutortoo ko limlebbi Grégoire oo wonande soklaaji ɗi ngonaa soklaaji diine.

Limlebbi « Grégoire » (limlebbi tuubakooɓe) oo tuugii ko e dille naange, mo juulɓe oo tuugii ko e dille lewru. Kono kañji ɗiɗi kala ɗi tuugii ko e yontere nde balɗe 7 elebbi 12 e nder hitaande. Mo “tuubakooɓe” oo ƴetti fuɗde mum ko e yonta kerecee(jibineede annabi Iisaa), mo juulɓe oo ƴetti fuɗde mum ko e fergo nulaaɗosallallaahu aleyhi wa sallam (JKM).

Ina gasa tawa fulɓe ina njoginoo limlebbi, kono enen kam e keɓaani anndude oon limlebbi. Eɗen nganndi tan, eɗen njoganinoo balɗe jeeɗiɗi yontere (woni biir) ɗee inɗe, ɗeen ngoni : hoore biir, dewo hoore biir, aaɓnde, moobaare, njaslaare, naasaande, mawnde. Kono hannde fulɓe ɓuri waawde huutoraade ko inɗe garduɗe e diine lislaam ɗee, hono, aset, alet, altine, talaata, alarba, alkmiisa, aljumaa.Wonande lebbi, kuutortono-ɗen ko lebbi lislaam ɗii hade kesamkesaagu naatde, inɗe ɗiin lebbi ngoni : haaraan, dewo haaraan, ekn...

Ko kesamkesaagu naati koo, yimɓe fof (walla kam jotondirɓe e nguun kesam-kesaagu ɓee) mbaɗti huutoraade limlebbi mo winndere ndee kala huutortoo oo, limlebbi « Grégoire » mo inɗe lebbi mum mbiyetee : saawiyee, feebariyee, marse, abriil, mee, suwee, sulyee, ut, settaambar, oktoobar, noowammbar, desammbar.Hay leyɗe aaraabeeɓe ko kañji kuutortoo so artii e haajuuji ɗi ngonaa haajuuji diine. Ɓe ndewata kadi ko e inɗe goowaaɗe ɗee. E kitaale jawtuɗe ɗeya, banndiraaɓe men wonnooɓe to Keer (laamorgo Misra) pentaniino ɗiiɗoo lebbi inɗe. Ɗeen inɗe ngoni :siilo, colte, mbooy, seeɗto, duujal, korse, morso, juko, silto, yarkomaa, jolal, bowte, kono ɗe kuutortee tan ko e diiwaan Fuuta Tooroo hee ; yanti heen, pulfule keddiiɗe ɗee keɓtinaani ɗe, sibu ɗe ndiiwtanooma e joɗnde MAPE (Gollordu gootinɗingol Manndeŋ-Fulfulde) jooɗinoonde e lewru suwee hitaande 1982 toWagadugu.

Limlebbi diine oo (Hijriyya, woni fergo), fawii, no mbiyruno-ɗen, ko jiyle lewru, ɗum noon lewru ko balɗe 29 walla 30. Kañji ngoni ɗi mbiyaten lebbi ɓaleeɓe, hono : ‘Mouharram’ (haaraan), ‘Safar’ (dewo haaraan), Rabia al awal (mawluud), Rabia ath-thani (dewo mawluud), Joumada al oula, Joumada ath-thania, Rajab (mawnum yaawa), Chaabane (yaawa), Ramadan (koorka), Chawwal (humtoraandu), Dhou al qi`da (saftoraandu), Dhou al-hijja (taaske). Ko ɗi lebbi jirlotooɗi, yeru koorka ina waawi hawrude e dumunnaaji hitaande ɗii kala, hawra e ndunngu, hawra e ceeɗu, hawra e dabbunde … E ndii limlebbi, so hiisaama hakindo e nder duuɓi capanɗe tati deggondirɗe, hitaande wonata ko 354,36667 ñalawma. Ɗum noon hitaande kala, balɗe 10 walla 11 haa 12 ina ɓiloo hakkunde makko e limlebbi winndereejo oo, mo nganndu-ɗaa hitaande mum ko balɗe 365,2425 : ɗuum addani feebariyee maayirde balɗe 28 duuɓi tati deggondirɗi (kitaale 365 ñalawma), maayra 29 hitaande nayaɓere ndee (hitaande 366 ñalawma : ñalawma ɓeydiiɗo heen oo, ko nayaɓe 4 kitaale nay ɗe kiisanooka ɗee, ndenndinaa). Kitaale baɗɗe balɗe 366 ko kitaale « ɗe 4 feccata kono ɗe 100 feccataa » walla kitaale ɗe « 400 peccata ». Yeru : 2014 ko balɗe 365 (feebariyee maayrata ko 28) sibu « 4 feccataa 2014 », kono 2016 ko balɗe 366 (feebariyee maayrata ko 29) sibu « 4 ina fecca 2016 ».

To bannge ganndal siyaas, hitaande ko mudda Leydi men ndii taartotoo naange haa arta e tolno umminoo oo. Ɗuum woni ko wiyetee « hitaande ŋorol » (balɗe 365,2422) tee ina seɓondiri seeɗa e hitaande limlebbi iiseejo (balɗe 365,2425). Ɗe ɓurondiri ko 0,0003 ñalawma hitaande kala (woni ɓurondiral balɗe tati duuɓi 10 400 kala).




#Article 43: Seek umar taal (994 words)


Seek Umar Taal jibinaa ko 1794 to Halwaar, saraaji Podoor. O naati Tijjanaagal law, tee alaa ɗo o ɗannanaaki ngam ɗaɓɓude ganndal. O fuɗɗorii fof ko Hamdallaay (Mali) e hitaande 1927, caggal ɗum o fayi Sokoto (Niiseriyaa) to Muhammed Bello, mo o tawi ina woni e laamaandi mum njooɗndi njuɓɓudi sanne. O ummii ɗoon o yaaɓani Makka. O yettoyii Makka ko e hitaande 1828. Ko toon o heɓi tiitoonde kaliifu tijjanaagal wonande Sudaan (noon aarabeeɓe mbiyatnoo Afrik hirnaange hannde oo) e juuɗe Seek Muhammed el Gaali, jahdiiɗo Seek Tijjaan. Ndeen o yahi haa duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde biyeteengal Al-Azhaar. Ko toon o ɓenndini feere makko umminde jihaadi so o artii.

Ko ɗum tagi, nde o artunoo tan, o yaaɓani sañde geese jokkondire teeŋtuɗe ngam huccande fellannde diine. O idorii fof ko resde ɓiy laamɗo Bornu e ɓiy Ahmed Bello, laamɗo Sokoto. Ko ndeen nii laamuuji gaadanteeji ɗii puɗɗii faayde sabu ƴellitagol jaawngol hoodere makko. Ko ɗum tagi, nde o ruttii Hamdallaay, Aamadu Seeku jaɓɓaaki mo no feewi. To Segu boom, laamɗo sanamiijo biyeteeɗo Ceefolo, jaggu mo, soki mo, sibu mum yiyde e tiimngal wileeɓe mum, wonde bone njogori ummoraade ɗum ko e oo ceerno mo jookodtaako. Hay nder Fuuta Tooro, leydi ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, seerenɓe ardinooɓe ɗoon ɓee, ina kuli mo, ndeentii mo, nde tawnoo ɓeen, gila liɓi satigaagal e hitaande 1776, laamu mum en won ɗo yettaaki to bannge potal hakkunde juulɓe, sibu renndo ngoo ɓurnoo tuugaade ko e pecce kinɗe. Ndaa laawol Seek Umar al Fuutiyyu addi ngol, tuugii ko e potal e nuunɗal nder renndo kam e ɓiyngu yummaagu hakkunde juulɓe fof.

Ko Fuuta Jaloŋ dee o dañi jooɗoyaade. O sosi ɗoon duɗal. O fuɗɗii waajuuji (jeeyngal) makko ko e hitaande 1841 e fawaade e laawol sunniyeewol e laawol maalikeewol e suufiyeewol. E hitaande 1845, o tacci Siin Saalum e Bowaal e Kayoor ngam hootde cuuɗi maɓɓe. Nde tawnoo omo addori daraja toowɗo, hankati almudɓe ngoni tan e arde ina tarbikinoo ɗo makko ɗoo, kam e karbiyankooɓe jeyaaɓe e Fuuta Tooro. Ko ɗum addani Almaami sikkitaade mo nde o arti Fuuta Faloŋ omo ardi e mbeefeegu almudɓe e koninkooɓe, ɗaɓɓiri mo yo o luɓor ɗum laamaandi mum.

O eggi. E hitaande 1848 o waɗi tuddunde makko hidiinde ɗo Dinngiraay ɗoo, (e dow leyɗe ɗe o soodi e laamu Tammbaa). Oon sahaa omo wondi e ujunaaje ujunnaaje almuudo e kooninke ummoriiɓe e jookli diiwaan oo kala. Ɓe ngoni e soodde petelaaji e komersaaji Engele en to leydi ina wiyee Siyeraa Leyoon, wondude e weleede laamu Angalteer, njiɗnoongu gallinde feere Farayse yiɗde jiimde Afrik hirnaange.

E hitaande 1850 o ummini fellannde diine caggal nde laamɗo biyeteeɗo Tammbaa oo yani e makko, ngam telɓinde ƴellitaare faayiida makko e nokku hee. Ɓooyaani konu diine larwii laamuuji bambarankooɓe e manndinkooɓe keewɗi. O heɓti Ñooro, laamorgo laamu Masasi e hitaande 1854 caggal wolde mawnde. Duuɓi ɗiɗi pawtii heen o heɓti laamu bammbara mbiyeteengu Kaarta. Hankadi konu makko ina ɓeydoo yimɓe e coftal e semmbe fof. Bakkel nattii woɗɗude. Kono, koloñaal bonɗo biyeteeɗo Federba ina waɗti e makko hakkille.

Federba, nde waɗaa guwerneer e hitaande 1847 tan, yaaɓani ko mahde foor (tuddunde hanndaande), e nanondirde e haɓɓondirde e laamɗo Kaaso. Oon laamɗo noon, nde tawnoo ko juulɗo, Seek Umar mettini heen no feewi. O ummanii haɓde e oon laamɗo Kaaso.

Pelɓondiral makko gadanal e Federba waɗi ko e hitaande 1857, nde konu Seek Umar, fotde 25 000 kooninke, uddata Madiina (nder dowla Kaaso) fotde lebbi tati e balɗe jeeɗiɗi. Oon sahaa reennoo poosto Madiina oo ko tuubaako jilluɗo ina wiyee Pool Hool. Wonnoo faandaare konu Seek Umar ko uddude koninkooɓe Farayse ɓee e nder poosto hee haa ndunngu, tawa ɓe keyɗii, ɓe ɗomɗii. Kono uddo ngoo fof e juutde, ɓeen nangtii.

Kono, ɗo gardiiɗo foor oo laaratnoo jebbilaade ɗoo tan, hawri Federba suppitiima, ari, ina ardi e 500 kooninke tawi heen 100 ko raneeɓe. Nii woni ɓe ndiiwi konu Seek Umar, ɓe udditi foor oo. Federba e Seek Umar ciifondiri nanondiral deeƴre ngal juutaani balɗe, e hitaande 1860.

Caggal nde konu Seek Umar heɓti denndaangal laamuuji bambarankooɓe (Segu heɓtaa ko e hitaande 1861), Seek Umar raaŋani Hamdallaay, laamorgo Maasina. Ɗoo woni wolde ɓurnde mawnude nde konu Seek Umar haɓaa. Addi wolde ndee, ko laamɗo juulɓe gonnooɗo ɗoon oo, mooli laamɗo Segu, keefeero ina wiyee Bina Aali walla Aali Woyteela. Won mawɗo gooto wiyi en wonde ina jeyaa e ko addi ndee hare wonde laamɗo Segu oo won konngol wiynoo Seek Umar, Seek Umar riddi mo, wiyi so wonaa o haalana ɗum hol sabaabu omo wiya ɗum ko o wiyi ɗum koo, o tuuba o naata diine Lislaam. Nde oon moolii to Aamadu mu Aamadaa, Seek Umar ari haa yettii wuro ngoo, nuli e makko yo o tottu ɗum mo o mooli oo, walla o tuubna ɗum. Oon ne wiyi Seek Umar, ɓayri oon mooliima e mum, waawaa mooltude ɗum, sibu ina anndi so Seek Umar heɓii mo ko baroowo mo. Ɗoon ɗo ɓe ngoni e haala gasaani, tawi koninkooɓe Seek Umar, haa arti noon e Fuutankooɓe ɓee tawi ñaññii, peetii njani e wuro hee. Hamdallaay yani ñalnde 16 marse 1852. Kono maayɓe keewii, fotde 70 000 fittaandu. Daaɗe Aamadu Mu Aamadu e Aali Woyteela coƴƴaa.

Ɓe neldi konu ngam heɓtude Tummbuktu, kono ɓe ndonkani. Kaɓɓondiral konuuji fulɓe e safalɓe Kunta en e Bammbara en njani e konu Seek Umar. Oon sahaa tawi laamu makko yaajii sibu tuggi ko Mali haa Gine haa Senegaal. Kono caggal wolde Hamdallay konu jihaadi nguu waasii yimɓe heewɓe, tee ɓe tampii, ɓe ndañaani fooftaade ngam safrude ñawanɗe maɓɓe e yuɓɓitinde konu, tawi ɓe njanaama. Seek Umar kadi tawi nulii Alfaa Tijjaan, ganndo golwole, gooto e ardinooɓe konu makko yo yah yiyloyaade koninkooɓe. Oon nde artata, tawi, ñalnde 12 feebariyee 1864, Seek Umar wirniima e kaaƴe Bañnjagara. Alfaa Tijjaani Aamadu Taal lomtii mo e ngardiigu laamaandi ndii, sompi laamorgo mum ɗo Bañnjagara  ɗoo. Ɓiyiiko (Ɓiy Seek Umar Taal) biyeteeɗo Aamadu Seeku oo noon laamiima Segu haa nde koloñaal itti ɗum ɗoon e hitaande 1893.Texte en indice




#Article 44: Saydu Nuuru Taal (1505 words)


Asko Saydu Nuuru Taal to bannge duhol

Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal yiyi aduna ko e hitaande 1862 to Ñooro to Mali. Jibnaaɗo makko gorko wiyetenoo ko Nuuru Sayko Umar, ɓiy Usmaan, ɓiy Alfaa Sammba to wuro men Halwaar sara Podoor nder Senegal.

Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal ko ɓiy Nuuru, ɓiy Raamatullaay, ɓiy Muhamadu Bello, ɓiy Usmaan Dan Foodiya (Fojoo : laamɗo Kano to Ndenndanndi Nijeriya hannde), ɓiy Njobbo Usmaan, ɓiy Saalih, ɓiy Haaruuna, ɓiy Muhamadu Guurɗo, ɓiy Muhamadu Sammba, ɓiy Ayuub, ɓiy Masiraan, ɓiy Buubu Baaba, ɓiy Muusaa Jokkolo (ummoriiɗo Fuuta Tooro), ɓiy Baaba, Ɓiy Hayaas, ɓiy Yugu, ɓiy Jam, ɓiy Jamliige, ɓiy Jooke, ɓiy Jaalige, ɓiy Diinga, ɓiy Daate, ɓiy Maxaama, ɓiy Uŋbata bun Nafi (gooto e hoohooɓe taarinooɓe Muhammadu Nullaɗo Alla, garnooɗo jaaynude Lislaam nder Afrik.

Asko Saydu Nuuru Taal to bannge kosam

Jibnaaɗo debbo Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal wiyetenoo ko Aysatu Kamisoko, ɓiy Fulatene Sambeeri, ɓiy Dinamaxa, ɓiy Sambeeri Bah, ɓiy Shaale Makah Gaale Sambeeri, ɓiy Majaata Habuula, ɓiy Sadike Hammadi, ɓiy Ñangiti, ɓiy Sun Jaata (laamɗo Gaadugu Maliŋke). Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal ummii ko e kaatane laamu e diine. To bannge diine iwdi makko Uŋba bun Nafi, koohoowo Muhamadu (yo jam e kisal ngon e mum). Taaniraaɓe makko laamiima hirnaange Afrik to leydi Maliŋkee en, e to leydi Hawusaŋkooɓe. Ɗum addani ndii iwdi laataade jokkondiral hakkunde Maliŋkooɓe e Fulɓe e Hawusaŋkooɓe. Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal nehii ko e ganndal, e tiiɗal ɓernde e feerde hakkille, wonde jokleñamo, kaaraysira, deenɗo musidal e banndiraagal.

Oo Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal mahii ko laataade ɗoowoowo yimɓe, jannginoowo. Gila e cukaagu makko o yahii Ɓoggee (nder Ndenndaandi Muritani, e Ndar Tiwawoon (Senegal) haa to Madiina Kaaso nder Mali.

Ko e njiylawu ganndal o woni almuudo Ceerno Hammaat Kan to Madiina Kaaso, e Aamadu Muttaar Saako to Ɓoggee e Alhajji Maali Sih to Tiwaawoon. Nde wonnoo ko o peertuɗo moƴƴo hakkille, o yaawii huñaade Deftere Alla nde, o dalii law. O fuɗɗii jaŋgude ganndal diineeji, Sariya, doosɗe celluka arab, ekn… O fawi heen gannde jowitiiɗe “Kimiya” to duɗal Ceerno Muhamadu Oolal to wuro Kitaa nder Mali.

Nde wonnoo Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal wonaa almuudo meho, humpito makko addani mo wallifaade defte keewɗe e ɗemngal arab, defte jeyaaɗe e ɓurɗe heewde nafoore to bannge ganndal kuɓtidinngal.

Ganndal Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal e humpito makko fof ko e juuɗe hatojinɓe o lommbi, yimɓe leydi makko e yimɓe Afrik. Oo ceernaajo mo Alla rokki welde haala, cuusɗo ɗanngal, o yilliima leyɗe keewɗe hakkunde 1927 e 1957. Omo waajoo jokkondiral e ɓiyngu-yummaagu, o gostondiral hakkunde leñƴi e paamondiral, o nodda yimɓe e diine Lislaam.

Seernaaɓe Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal fof nduwanii-maa mo nde ceertata e makko. Nde o ɓaari to duɗal Madiina Kaaso, Ceerno Hammat Kan duusi mo, duwanii mo moƴƴere, ñaagii yo Alla Toowɗo o jaɓ kala ko o ñaagii.

Ko noon kadi, to Ɓoggee, nde Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal ɓaari e duɗal Ceerno Muttaar Saako. Nde ɓe ceertata, o winndani mo seedataagal, o duwanii mo jam e kisal, nde yimɓe keɗotoo mo kala nde o ƴefti konngol omo waajoo. O winndi e seedantaagal hee : “Ceerno Alhajji Maalik Sih mo Tiwaawoon tawi mawnii, wiyii mo : jotondiral men wayi ko no ngal hakkunde Muhammadu Nulaaɗo Alla (Jam e kisal e mum) e Abuubakiri, mbay-ɗen ko no Muusaa waynoo e Haaruuna, mi waɗii ma dono am to banngal hakilantaagal”.

Ɗii duwawuuji ɗoftii nguurndam Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal fof e golle makko fof. Ɗum addani laamɓe, gila e koloñaal haa heɓi ɓe jeytaare, jogodaade e makko jokkondiral moƴƴal, njetti moƴƴere makko e hakilantaagal makko.

Kamɓe fof ɓe njaɓii ballal Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal addi haa jam e kisal ñiiɓi nder ko wonnoo  AOF (Afrik Hirnaange mo Farayse), e AEF ( Afrik Fuɗnaange mo Farayse). Ko o gorko keɓiiɗo, dogoowo e deeƴre, mo tikkataa mo haaɓataa, mo soodetaake. O addii ballal teeŋtungal, nafowal Afrik gila e yonta Wolde Winnderiyaŋkoore adannde, o ñaagii deeƴre e jam, o walliti Afriknaaɓe e kala tanaa njiynoo e ndee wolde.

O seholondirii e laaminooɓe AOF e innde leydi Farayse e ardinooɓe tunɗi. O daranii ɓesngu e yimɓe hiiɗanooɓe, jogiiɓe caɗeele hakkunde mum en e laamu. O wallitii heewɓe kadi haa ndañi golle.

Ko e ndiin mbaydi o seholondiri e e ardinooɓe AOF wayɓe no Van Vollenhoven, Roume, e Angoulevant, haa heɓi Mesmer. Omo heewi wiyde : “Nguurndam am fof, so tawii mi meeɗii jaɓde njeenaari ummoraade e kala laamɗo, walla keefeero, janngo hoto mi dañ lommbude junngo am e junngo Muhamadu (jam e kisal e mum).

Moƴƴere Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal e kaaraysiraagal makko, jaambaraagal makko e wonde mo jom konngol, adaanii mo seholondirde e Hooreeɓe leyɗe heewɓe, hono Vincent Auriol, Charles de Gaulle, Georges Pompidou, Giscard d’Estaing, ekn… Hooreeɓe leyɗe heewɓe njaagiri mo ko jibnaaɗo diisneteeɗo. Nde Senegaal naati iiñcuru e kitaale 1958-1960, konngol makko wallitii falaade ƴiiƴam nder Senegal e Mali.

Darjeende cehilaagal Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal e Lepold Sedaar Senngoor alaa mo humpi. Hakkunde maɓɓe ko nuunɗal e giɗli. Ngal tuugnii ko e giɗli maɓɓe e Senegaal kam e darnde safrude caɗeele mayri. Won hinnde sanɗaaji inniranoo mo. Ñalnde ɓeen ɓaarata to duɗal toowngal, Senngoor wiyi : “Minen haɓantenooɓe jeytaare ngenndi, Alhajji Saydu Nuuru hollii humpito mum e yimɓe e kuuje, addanii min ballal mum e ngenndiyaŋkaagal mum. O jaŋnginii min yankinaare e kala nde kuule mawɗe ƴeftatee, e jaambaraagal nder kareele amen… Ko o daarorgal yankinaare e moƴƴere, udditaare hakkille, gannduɗo Saydu Nuuru Taal fof yankinanto ɗum, jaɓantu ɗum, yooɗete ɗum, hulat ɗum, hooloto ɗum…”.

Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal, sikke alaa, ko neɗɗo Alla, ko o neɗɗo keewɗo muñal, muñanɗo yimɓe, heccuɓe mo, ɓe o yontidaa, e ɓe o hecci. O meeɗaa seerde e jaɓɓaade arooɓe e makko, heɗaade ɗum en, safrude caɗeele mum en e hakke baawal makko. Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal reenii ɓesngu mum kala : mawɓe e sukaaɓe, ɓiyɓe e taaniraaɓe e njaatiraaɓe, dañɓe e waasɓe, juulɓe heen e ɓe ngonaa heen juulɓe, fof nanngiraa ko ceernaajo maa almuudo.

Nde ngar-ɗaa boleeru Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal kala, takko laawol Repubilik, tawa ko galle ina wiyi piɓ yimɓe. Moƴƴe makko mbaawaa limteede ngati ko maayo, gasataa.

Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal woniino neɗɗo mawɗo, neɗɗo mo en njejjittaa haa bada. Golle makko e balle makko ina nganndaa gila e leydi makko, haa heɓi duunde Afrik, yalti ɗum kadi. Leyɗeele keewɗe manii mo, njeeni mo ceedante kolliriije ɗo giɗli mum en e makko tolnii.Ina e ɗeen leyɗeele : Senegal, Muritani, Farayse, Beneŋ, Alseri, Komoor, Mali, Madagaskar, Almaañ, Siin, Tunus, Niijeriya, Nijeer, Kodduwar, Sayiir (RDC), Lubnan, Kamruun, Marok, Kamputshea, ekn… gasataa e limoore tan.

  

Ko e hitaande 1864 biyeteeɗo Al Hajji Seydu Nuuru Taal jibinaa to nokku ina wiyee Muniya. Baaba makko wiyetee ko Muhammaad Nuuru, yumma makko Aysata Kamisoko (Yo yurmeende Alla won e maɓɓe). Caggal nde o janngi e seernaaɓe heewɓe, o fayi Fuuta abbaade mawniiko Aamadu Muntagaa, ɓiy kaaw makko Muntagaa Seek Umar to Ɓoggee, Muritani. Kanko woni taanum Seek Umar gidiiɗo artude Fuuta Tooro. Ɗoon o naati duɗal Ceerno Aamadu Muttaar Saako, ɗoon e wuro Ɓoggee hee. Ko ɗoon o woni haa oon duwanii mo, rokki mo seedantaagal makko. E ngaal seedantaagal, Ceerno Aamadu Muttaar Saako, winndi heen : “miɗo seedtoo wonde alaa fof ko weñii ko njiy-mi e ɓiɗɗo tedduɗo hono Seydu ɓiy Seek Umar (Yo kisal Alla won e makko) e ɗiiɗoo duuɓi 8 ɗi o janngi ɗoo. Ko o woni ɗoo koo fof o nehii ko nehdi almuudo, hay so tawii noon mi haɗiino mo ɗuum sabu hiisaade o ummii ko ɗo teddi, so e Seek Umar al Fuutiyyu, kono o jaabii kam, o wiyi wonaa miin o waɗanta ɗuum, ko hoore makko o gollantoo. Gila nde nan-mi ɗuum e hunuko makko, ɓernde am deeƴi, nduwani-moo-mi udditaare hakkille e ganndal nafowal. Mi seerataa e duwanaade mo jamma e ñalawma mbele Alla ina moƴƴa e makko, rokka mo balɗe juutɗe, o wona cuɓaaɗo  hakkunde yimɓe, ɗo o waawi wonde fof.” Seedantaagal ngal siifaa ko ñalnde 5 sulyee 1916 (10 Saabaan 1332 Hijriyya).

Nde o ummii Ɓoggee, o tiindii Ndar, ɗo o fotti e Ceerno mawɗo ganndo ina wiyee Seek Al Hajji Maalik Sih mo Tiwaawoon (Yo Alla wele mo).

O wondi e oon haa sankii e hitaande 1922. Al Hajji Saydu Nuuru Taal ko kalifu jooɗaninooɗo Seek Umar al Fuutiyyu. E oon sifaa o jokkii golle oon fuɗɗinoo to bannge renndo e diine e politik e jotondire. O haɓtiima hakke doole makko. E yonta makko o dariima darnde tiiɗnde, o woni jokkorgal hakkunde juulɓe e laamu koloñaal, ngam reende nafooje mum e hisnude ɗum en, e wallitde waasɓe e famarɓe doole e baayeeji e miskineeɓe. O dariima kadi ngam ɓallondirde miijooji hoohooɓe diine to Senegaal mbele koɗdigal mum en ina wona moƴƴal, pelle diine ɗee kadi mbaawi wondude e deeƴre. O meeɗaa seerde e daranaade jokkere enɗam hakkunde juulɓe e koye mum en, e hakkunde juulɓe e ɓe ngonaa juulɓe kadi. Annduɓe heen mbinndii moƴƴi makko keewɗi ɗii e ɗemngal Arab e ɗemngal Pulaar fof. Hanko fof e heewreede haɗaani mo ɗaccirde mo ndonu mawngu, so nehde baaɗiiko Seek Muntagaa Taal haa waawi lomtaade mo nde o ruttii e joom makko.




#Article 45: Jost Gippert (327 words)


 Jost Gippert  ko nyannde 12 mars 1956 e nokku wi’eteeɗo Hattingen jibinaa. Nden nokkuure hari ko Winz-Niederwenigern wietenoo. Ko o Allemandjo, experjo causasiologue, ko wallifotooɗo (winndoowo) profeserjo fii eɓɓindirgol ɗenɗe, ko ɗun inni mo linguiste comparativiste; himo golla ka universitee Goethe Francfort.

E hitaande 1972 o waɗi baccalaureat makko on ka lycee Leibniz, Essen e nder Allemagne. Ontuma, gila 1972 haa 1977 o janngi ka Universitee Marburg e ka Universitee libre Berlin; o janngi ton fii eɓɓindirgol ɗenɗe, o janngi ɗenɗe Ennduuɓe, ɗenɗe Japoneeɓe et ɗenɗe Sinuwaaɓe. O heɓi Doctorat (PhD) makko on e 1977. Ɗun ko rawnorɗun recherche makko syntax of infinitival formations in the Indo-European languages. Gila 1977 haa 1990 hari himo jannude, o waɗa recherche, o jonna konferenceji ka universiteeji Berlin, Vienne e Salzburg. Ko o wonnoo Assistant e poste wi’eteeɗo Oriental Computational Linguistics e hitaande 1991 o waɗi habilitation makko on ka Universite Bamberg e theme wi’eteeɗo Iranian loanwords in Armenian and Georgian.

Profeser Gippert no jannude Comparative Linguistics gila 1994 ka Universitee Goethe Francfort. O tawaama e lamɓe Gelati Science Academy (Georgia) gila 1996. Gila 2007 himo jeyaa kadi e lamɓe department Language on ka “Academy of Sciences and Humanities” e nder Universitee Berlin-Brandenburg.
E 1997 o waɗano Professeur honoraire ka Universitee Sulkhan Saba Orbeliani e nder Tbilisi, leydi Georgie, 2009 o waɗaa Docteur honoraire ka Universitee Ivane Javakhishvili, ɗun kadi e nder Tblisi; E hitaande 2003 o waɗaa kadi Docteur honoraire ka Universitee Shota Rustaveli e nder Batumi, Georgie.

Gila o woni Professer fii eɓɓindirgol ɗenɗe, Musee Gippert waɗii rechercheji makko ɓurɗi ɗuuɗude ɗin fii ɗenɗe tawaaɗe e guruppu 'Indo-Europeen' on, fii taariika majji e njuɓɓudi majji; ko ko wi’etee 'general linguistic typology' koo. O ɓuni non fii taskagol ɗenɗe caucasienje ɗen. Sabu nden wakkilaare makko fii ɗen ɗenɗe projet internationalji buy halfinaama mo fii on baŋŋe. Rechercheji makko ɗin ko ɓuri lugginde ko fii themeji: ‘historical linguistics, linguistic typology, electronic text corpora, multimedia language documentation e fii 'electronic manuscript analysis'.




#Article 46: Sayku Usmaan Ɓii Fooduye (359 words)


Sayku Usmaan Ɓii Fooduye ko o lollirɗo kadi Usmaan Dan Fojoo maa e ɗemɗe janane Osman Dan Fodio (1754-1817) ko winndiyanke e ardiiɗo dawla Pullo jokkunooɗo ɗatal Sunna laaɓungal salinooɗo bidi’a (jillindirgol diina lislaamu e finaa-tawaaji).

O jibinaa ko e saare no wi’ee Marata (leydi Niijer hannde) e hitaande 1754. Baaba makko laatino ko Tooroodo jeyaaɗo Fummi Haara Demmbuɓe, Fuuta Tooro, leydi Senegal hannde.  Ko Dem wonnoo yettoode musidal maɓɓe. Ko e laawol yaadu Makka baaba Usmaan Ɓii Fooduye wonnoo wondude e seteeɓe, sentere wootere darii e leyɗe Hawsa baaba makko lutti ɗon o resi o dañi ɓiɓɓe. Oon tuma yaadu Makka ko duuɓi heewɗi ko non yimɓe hiirnaange ɗuuɗuɓe daakorii leyɗe funnaange ronki hewtude Makka ronki yiltaade to iwnoo.
Gila nde o wonnoo paykun (cukalel), Sayku Usmaan Ɓii Fooduye woni e janngugol Alqur’aana. Karamoko makko laatino Jibril Ibn Umaar jeyaaɗo e leñol Burdameeɓe maa Tuwaareg’en. Ɓaawo nde o timminoo jannde makko nden, o woni e yiilade e ca’e Hawsaaɓe wano Gobir himo waajoo himo haɗa bid’a e rewugol sanamuuji. Ko non o fuɗɗori darjinde e nder Gobir, yimɓe ɗuuɗuɓe woni e ɗoftaade noddaandu makko haa kanko e yaadiiɓe makko ɓen ɓe fampii jihaadi, ɗum ko e hitaande 1795. Ko non laamɓe Hawsaaɓe ɓen wano on wi’eteeɗo Yunfa ndaari tawi ko maa tiindoda e maɓɓe adal ɓe liɓude laamuuji maɓɓe. E hino ko Dikko Hamdun winndi e on alhaali: „Yeddinaaki wonde Seeku Usmaan tuugnoke e musiɓɓe mun caggal nde laamiiɓe hawsa ndoondi konuuji mumen pa’i e juulɓe o tawi feere alaa ko maa o tuugno e musidal makko ngal tawo.. hade makko dañde woɓɓe sabu so wanaa noon o waɗnoo o waawataano noddude jihaadi.“
Sayku Usmaan feri kañum e yimɓe mun ɓen yaari hedde leyɗe takkiiɗe Gobir fii heɓugol faabo Fulɓe egga-hoɗaaɓe yiilotonooɓe e ɗen nokkuuje. Ɓe woni e pooɗondirgol ɗon haa e hitaande 1808 juulɓe ɓen heɓi poolgal timmungal e nder haɓo Alkalawa, ko e ngon Yunfa sahinɗinaa. Sayku Usmaan woni Amiiru (laamɗo juulɓe) Sokoto, laamateeri tuugiindi e sunna lislaamu laaɓuɗo. E hitaande 1815, laatii Sayku nawyii ronkitii, o halfini laamu ngun ɓiɗɗo makko no wi’ee Ahmadu Bello.
Sayku Usmaan maayi Sokoto 1817, ko ɗon kadi o surraa.




#Article 47: Abdul Kariim Watt (351 words)


 Abdul Kariim Watt jibinaa ko wuru Dimat Waalo  hitaande 1954 galle baab Sana'en. Addi ɗum taw baaba makko Bubkar Sire Watt ina woni toon. Kon, fooɓre maako e tigi rigi ko Duye.

Abdul kariim ɓi Bubkar sire ɓi Joom Sire ɓi Joom Alarba ɓi Bubkar ɓi Moodi ɓi Faatim Ma'aad ko ɗo o fottata e galle Seek umar taal.

Ceerno Abdul dalii jaŋde ko ɗo baabmum ɗo haa o yetii simoore Al_rahmaane. Caggal ɗuum o ɓennii Dakaar ngam jokkoydi janŋde to galle Ceerno Alsan kajjat ko toon o ñiiɓi duuɓi jeenayi tumnde ceerno Alssane ruttii e joome mum. ko ndeen o yehii Ndar —Saint Louis jooni— to galle Ceerno Yuusuf Sy 
Caggal ɗum o yiɗii fayande Muritani ngam jaŋoydi Arab kon baab makko  jaɓaani sab ɓuranno ɗum ko yoo jooɗo o jaŋngina duɗal sab yahooɓe ɓe caggal leydi jaŋoydi so ko ɓe ngartii ɓe paamandirtaa e yimɓe ɓe. E balla geno mowɗo Aamdu Tijjani Paam jaggi heen haa baab makko jaɓii.
O naatii jaŋde duɗal toowngal Arab (Lycce Arabe) ko 1979. Caggal ɗum o dañii bursu Ngam yahande Irak haa jaaɓi haattirde.

Ceerno Abdul jaŋii e seremɓe nayo. 

_Ceerno Bubkar Sire Watt (baab makko). 

_Ceerno Alsan Kajjat Dakaar. 

_Ceerno Yuusuf Sih Ndar. 

_Ceerno Suleymaan Mbooci deftre Makaam. 

E ballala Alla o heɓii duwuneede e dañde korso heeriingo ummaade e seeremɓe makko. 
O ñamitinii binndol laba ngol ko e ceerno Baydi bah.

Yaltii e junggo ceerno ummaade 1992 haa jooni almuuɓe heewɓe; ma'en limtu heen tan seeɗa ɓurɓi lollude: ceerno Aamdu mutagaa sek Gurel Kelle, ceerno Seydooyi Sal Mbaraan, Ceerno Ablaay jallo lobbudu, Suleymaan Jibi Sall Lisa, Moodi Sal, Mommodu Seydu Aaw Muritani, Muhammed Sal Dagan,  Abdu Sal, Abu sal e Yuuri Balla Draame Gabon.

_O waɗii ekkitagol larme 1984/1985 haa o heɓii soowoore SuLiyetna kon noon e hitaand 1991 (ewenma Moritani) o ɓoorii wutti larme o fayanii Senegaal addini mo sokeede hitaande timmunde e lebbi  to laamorgo leydi senegaal ngam huleede taw o wanaa ñukkinantooɗo lesdi Moritani . 

_Hitaande 1992 o udditii duɗal Quraan haa jooni. 

_Imaam jumaa Duye.

Ceerno Abdul jeyaa ko e suufiyankooɓe askitiniiɓe e seek Aamadu Tijjani(1737-1815) Marok




#Article 48: Gatonet (200 words)


In Brasilië is gatonet 'n term wat verwys na ongemagtigde ontvangs van die betaaltelevisie-sein. Net in daardie land het ongeveer 7 miljoen mense in Augustus 2013 kabel-TV gekyk sonder om maandelikse fooie te betaal, net onder NET, destyds die markleier met bykans 9 miljoen intekenare, maar bo die derde plek, Sky Brasil, dan met vyf miljoen. [1] Volgens 'n studie van die Business Bureau, verteenwoordig onwettige verbindings 41% van die formele betaaltelevisie-mark. [2]

Daar is verskillende soorte ongemagtigde ontvangs van die betaaltelevisie-sein. Van die algemeenste is die installering van ekstra kabels en dekodeerders, wat gebruik maak van 'n betalende gebruikersverbinding, sowel as die installering van 'n paar satellietskottels wat gekombineer word met spesiale dekodeerders soos Cinebox, AZBox, duosat, freesky, globalsat-ontvangers. , alphasat en AZAmerica, kan toegang kry tot DTH-tipe kanale, dit wil sê betaalde kanale van satelliet-TV-ondernemings.

Een van die mees algemene voorwaardes is die installering van ekstra kabels vanaf 'n betalende gebruikersaansluiting. [3] wat algemeen lank gelede beoefen is, het die Gravataí-siviele polisie die eienaar in hegtenis geneem van 'n webwerf wat seerowerde betaal-TV-dekodeerders verkoop het, www.aztvplus.com.br, [17] wat in sy naam 'n verwysing na een van die belangrikste toestelle vir die beoefening van gatonet genoem het: die AZBox.




#Article 49: Bul Muttaar (Bou El Mogdad) (407 words)


Al Hajji Buu El Mogdaad Sek (1826-1880) ko  mawɗo firooɓe ɗemɗe e waggiyaŋke goferneeruji ɗowgu njiimaandi to Senegaal, tuggi e Auguste-Léopold Protet e hitaande 1853 haa Louis Brière de l'Isle e 1880, kam e Louis Faidherbe mo o wonnoo keedoowo mum koolaaɗo.

Bou El Mogdad ummii ko e galle mawɗo ndarnaaɓe ɓadiiɗo laamu njiimaandi tuubakooɓe. . Ko o keunum Hamet Ndiaye Ann,  ǧaadii dowrowo ñaawirdu juulɓe mo Faidherbe toɗɗii. Bou El Mogdad adinoo wonde ko korhoro ǧaadii oo, kisa, nde oon waɗti heewreede golle ñaawooje ɗee, o wonti gaadii kaŋko ne .

Duuɓi noogaas ko kaŋko woni nantinoowo, binndoowo e piranoowo laamu Senegaal e ɗemngal arabeeere, omo teskaa e wonde-mo baawɗo renndinde diine makko Lislaam e ɗooftaagol makko laamu njiimaandi nguu.

Kadi ko o jilyiilo ɗoftoowo  Vincent e nder Adrar (Muritani) tuggi Siilo haa Korse 1860, kono tawtoreede ɗum ufuse katolik addii heen tuumamuuya kisa lappol ngol laataaki. Ɓe korii yettaade Atar e Chinguetti. Buu El Mogdaad kisa ɗoon aadondiri e maɓɓe addude ballal mum ngam waɗde ngol-ɗoon lappol tacco-saharaa so naattude e wutte hajjiyaŋke gonɗo e laawol feewde Makka.   E oon tuma, laamu nguu ena wondi e ngoƴa mawka baɗte doolnugol gowole jihaadi de Alahajji Sayku Umar Taal kadi ena sikki nde Buu El Mogdaad arti arti kala ena kufii tiitoonde Al Hajji – ko weeɓaano oon sahaa e Afrik ɓaleeri – ena gasa ɗum wonana ɓeydaare e njiimaandi Farayse e dow Sénégal, ko ɗum kadi kaŋko o miijii : « Ngol kajjugol ena waawi ɓeyda ngartam sabu maa annde ko e njiimaandi Farayse ngol waɗi ».

Hay sinno ngol-ɗoon lappol alaa ko addi e ngartam wonande jilyilooji palɗe taccaaɗe ɗee, ngol heɓii yuɓɓineede no haanirta kadi Buu El Mogdaad arti e Sénégal e maayirɗe 1861.

E hitaande 1869 o jeyaama e lappi walla nulanɗe 22  kisa, caggal duuɓi 23 golle e ɗooftagol, o toɗɗaa ufuse e Légion d'honneur.

Buu El Mogdaad yalti golle laamu e 1879 rewi heen lebbi seeɗa, e 1880, o toɗɗaa tamsiir e ǧadi to Sen-Liwi. O saŋkii ko e ndeen hitaande.

Galle ɓooyɗo, gonɗo wiidnde, ɗo o hoɗnoo kadi ɗo o jaɓɓotonoo seerenɓe ummotooɓe Muritani nana sara tufnde Roume, e collo ko wonnoo mbedda Boufflers, hannde mbedda Duudou Sek Buu El Mogdaad.

Buu El Mogdaad ko innde laana mbaɗatnooka rusooji marsandiis e yimɓe e maayo Senegaall hakkunde 1950 e 1970. Hannde mbaɗtaaka laana kaymbal, ka nawat yilliyaŋkooɓe to Sen-Liwi, to Parc national des oiseaux du Djoudj, to Richard-Toll, Dagana e Podor.




#Article 50: Bul Muttaar (Buu El Mogdaad) (407 words)


Al Hajji Buu El Mogdaad Sek (1826-1880) ko  mawɗo firooɓe ɗemɗe e waggiyaŋke goferneeruji ɗowgu njiimaandi to Senegaal, tuggi e Auguste-Léopold Protet e hitaande 1853 haa Louis Brière de l'Isle e 1880, kam e Louis Faidherbe mo o wonnoo keedoowo mum koolaaɗo.

Bou El Mogdad ummii ko e galle mawɗo ndarnaaɓe ɓadiiɗo laamu njiimaandi tuubakooɓe. . Ko o keunum Hamet Ndiaye Ann,  ǧaadii dowrowo ñaawirdu juulɓe mo Faidherbe toɗɗii. Bou El Mogdad adinoo wonde ko korhoro ǧaadii oo, kisa, nde oon waɗti heewreede golle ñaawooje ɗee, o wonti gaadii kaŋko ne .

Duuɓi noogaas ko kaŋko woni nantinoowo, binndoowo e piranoowo laamu Senegaal e ɗemngal arabeeere, omo teskaa e wonde-mo baawɗo renndinde diine makko Lislaam e ɗooftaagol makko laamu njiimaandi nguu.

Kadi ko o jilyiilo ɗoftoowo  Vincent e nder Adrar (Muritani) tuggi Siilo haa Korse 1860, kono tawtoreede ɗum ufuse katolik addii heen tuumamuuya kisa lappol ngol laataaki. Ɓe korii yettaade Atar e Chinguetti. Buu El Mogdaad kisa ɗoon aadondiri e maɓɓe addude ballal mum ngam waɗde ngol-ɗoon lappol tacco-saharaa so naattude e wutte hajjiyaŋke gonɗo e laawol feewde Makka.   E oon tuma, laamu nguu ena wondi e ngoƴa mawka baɗte doolnugol gowole jihaadi de Alahajji Sayku Umar Taal kadi ena sikki nde Buu El Mogdaad arti arti kala ena kufii tiitoonde Al Hajji – ko weeɓaano oon sahaa e Afril ɓaleeri – ena gasa ɗum wonana ɓeydaare e njiimaandi Farayse e dow Sénégal, ko ɗum kadi kaŋko o miijii : « Ngol kajjugol ena waawi ɓeyda ngartam sabu maa annde ko e njiimaandi Farayse ngol waɗi ».

Hay sinno ngol-ɗoon lappol alaa ko addi e ngartam wonande jilyilooji palɗe taccaaɗe ɗee, ngol heɓii yuɓɓineede no haanirta kadi Buu El Mogdaad arti e Sénégal e maayirɗe 1861.

E hitaande 1869 o jeyaama e lappi walla nulanɗe 22  kisa, caggal duuɓi 23 golle e ɗooftagol, o toɗɗaa ufuse e Légion d'honneur.

Buu El Mogdaad yalti golle laamu e 1879 rewi heen lebbi seeɗa, e 1880, o toɗɗaa tamsiir e ǧadi to Sen-Liwi. O saŋkii ko e ndeen hitaande.

Galle ɓooyɗo, gonɗo wiidnde, ɗo o hoɗnoo kadi ɗo o jaɓɓotonoo seerenɓe ummotooɓe Muritani nana sara tufnde Roume, e collo ko wonnoo mbedda Boufflers, hannde mbedda Duudou Sek Buu El Mogdaad.

Buu El Mogdaad ko innde laana mbaɗatnooka rusooji marsandiis e yimɓe e maayo Senegaall hakkunde 1950 e 1970. Hannde mbaɗtaaka laana kaymbal, ka nawat yilliyaŋkooɓe to Sen-Liwi, to Parc national des oiseaux du Djoudj, to Richard-Toll, Dagana e Podor.




#Article 51: Moodibbo Adama (267 words)


Moye wi'ete Moodibbo Adama?

Moodibbo Adama

Kanko woni Adama ɓii Arɗo Hasan maa Moodibbo Adama, o dañaama hitaande 1786 haa hoɗannde wi'eteende Wuro Cekke, o wurtii ibgo leñol Ba'en nder leƴƴi Fulɓe, o laatake aahiijo tilimɗo.

O jaŋngi haa wuro wi'iteengo Gajargamu laamorde Bornu, dawla Koole'en (leñol bi'eteengol kadi Kanuri) ɓaawo mum o yahri lesdi Hawsaaɓe o jokkiti jaŋnde maako diina lislaamu e banngal Ceerno Usmaan Ɓii Fooduye. Nden o jaŋngi haa o takkanaa waccoore teddungal moodibbo. Tawi o  laatake konoowo dow laawol Jawmiraawo ngam laynugo diina lislaamu.

Nde o warti saare boo ibgo Gajargamu Ceerno Usmaan Ɓii Foodiye hokki mo iililal (tuutawal, raaya, deesewal) ngam o hoota faa banngeere muum fommbinaare o ardoo jihaadi, nden o lammini mo laamaago Laamiiɗo Fommbina.

Moodibbo Adama warti haa banngeere fommbina o tiggi (sinci) dawla maako bee duŋgayeere Ɓii Fooduye, Adama honi heeferɓe Manndara'en haa laamorde maɓɓe Dulo dow kooseeje Manndara amma neeɓaay ɓe keɓti wuro maɓɓe ngam juulɓe ngeebii jaalagal (poolgu) mum'en, ɓaawo man boo o tokkitini tokkuki maayo ngoon wi'eteengo maayo Benuwe e jihaadi maako, heeferɓe ɗuuɗɓe ngartani diina lislaamu nder jihaadi maako bana Ɓata'en e Bere'en e ko nanndi e maɓɓe.

Aran nii Moodibbo Adama fuɗɗi tigguki wuro Ribaaɗo no ngo laatoo laamorde maako, ɓaawo man boo o tiggi wuro Joɓoli, haa ragare (timmoode, sakkitorde) boo o tiggi galluure Ƴoola hitaande 1841 laatiinde laamorde diiwal Adamaawa hannde.

Moodibbo Adama ɗonno mari rewɓe nayo, kamɓe ngoni: Sata Jam, Yasebo, Hammare, Jahra, nden o ɗon mari ɓiɓɓe sappo e nayo kamɓe ngoni: Lawal, Usman, Mansur, Umar Faɗimatu, Addo Gurin, Hawwa'u, Hamidu, Bakari, Halliru, Jubayru Aliyu, Hamma, Sani, Bobbo Aamadu.




#Article 52: Ngigili (153 words)


Ngigili ko lekki tokoosi, ki toowataa maasinta bano lesɗe goɗɗe ɗee (njuuteendi ndii ko gila meeteraaji 2 haa 4), puɗoohi e lesɗe Afirik teeŋtii non e baŋŋe Saahal. Innde makki e ɗemngal lateŋ ko Boscia senegalensis. Ɗum ko gigile wiyetee. Ina woodii kadibo wiyooɓe ɗum gijile: fof ina sella ; lekki ɓesnoohi ɗum noon, ina wiyee ngigili/ngijili. Ki ɗuuɗii fuɗugo ko he kooseeje teeŋti he dow baaɗe. Ɗum nguuɓon-nguuɓon nih. 

Fuɗngo ngon kadi, hina hasii nafoore sanne-sanne illa he ɗaɗi ɗii mum hah e haako koo.

Kono ndefu gigile, hah hewta ƴakkeego ɗum, wonaa ko weeɓii nde tawnoo ko ɗum kaaɗɗum kaanduɗum haaɗtineego kadi foddeeko ɗum mukkee : eɗum ɗuuɗii haaɗtinireego kadi he cekkiri wonii ndoondi gawƴe (ƴommbe) walla ndoondi lekki ngoɗki nduppaaki ina wiyee kojoli ekn...

Wallifii ɗum ko Abdulaahi Bello Jallo.

Tuugnorɗe (tiimtorɗe):

Humpito ngon ƴoogaama he kunndule seernaaɓe meeɗen tilimɓe ɓe Duɗal meeɗen waɗsap ina wiyee Duɗal Fulfulde.
kamɓe ngonii:




#Article 53: Sariif Muhammad Aliyyu Haydara (280 words)


Sariif Muhammad Aliyyu Haydara (Faranse: Chérif Mohamed Aly Aïdara), heɓaama e hitaande 1959, to Saare Daarul Hijrati, nde ko Baaba mum cincinde ko oon woni: Sariif Hasan Haydara, to worgo Senegal.

Sariif Aliyyu Haydara jeya ko e Ɓesngu sarifaaɓe teddu-ɓe, Ahlul bayti Nelaaɗo mo jam e kisal woni e mum en.

Baaba makko woni Sariif Alhasan Haydara. (Asli mum ko Muritani jeyaaɗo e hinnde Arab anndiraande Laglaal lol-lunde nder muritani) ummiiɗo e kiliifa men: Idriis Al Alawi Al Idriisii (cincuɗo dowla Idriisiyanke to Magrib e Nana Afrik) O askitintoo ko e Imaam Al Hasan ɓiy Aliyyu Ibnu Abii Ɗaalib yo jam e kisal won e mum.

Sariif Muhammad Aliyyu Haydara woni mawɗa ruuhiyan-ke e ɗowoowo diiniyanke e hooreejo Dental Al Mujdahir dowliyankeewal, ko kanko woni hooreejo e direkteer Jeraal Rajo Mujdahir Fm dakar e Rajo Mujdahir FM Kolda. ko kanko kadi woni keyniiɗo gooto ɗowoowo dental Mujdahir nder Afrik e nder Aduna he no diidorino.

Wondude e jinndere e ɗatle jokkondirɗe, ɗum waɗaani Sariif welsindaade bannge miijo to bannge coftale mum ceertuɗe, o ƴettii ko heewi e waktu makko, o heerori ɗumwitto e wallifaade, o ɓuri waɗde himme mum e ɗuum kotaariik Islaam e Siira Nelaaɗo kam e yimɓe galle mum, yo jam e kisal won e dow maɓɓe, o heerini bannge mawɗo eballifaaɗe mum to bannge Irfaan e jikkuuji Islaam.

Sariif Ali Haydara yaltani defte e ballifaaɗe, goɗɗe kadina caate na tommbaa yaltineede.

Sariif na anndiraa sattude ƴeewtindaade njencudi miijo koadii nde o hollirta ɗum ngam sarde ɗum, waɗi noon ko, reende laabi hoolaare ganndal e sukkude kala ko ina ad-dda jiɓuya si yaltinaama.

Ina jeyaa ko ɓuri himmude ko Sariif Muhammadu Aliyyu Haydara yaltini e ballifaaɗe haa jooni:




#Article 54: Mujdahir (196 words)


Njuɓɓudi Mujdahir dowliyankoori (Faranse: Institut Mozdahir International), ko njuɓɓudi ndi wonah laamuyakoori, ndi faandaaki nganyaari (tono) ndi sinca ko 2000. Ko Sariif Muhammad Aliyyu Haydara (Chérif Mohamed Aly Aïdara) sincindi, nyiiɓirde ndi njuɓɓudi woni ko Dakar.

Ndi njuɓɓudi na heɓi heɓtinaneede nyiiɓirde mum e mbaadi njuɓɓudi doliyankeeri ndi wonah laamuyankeeri, hondi jotondiri e dowlaaji limti-limtinɗi koɗdiiji e nokku he hono: Senegaal, Koddiwaar, Mali e Gine Bisaaw eken.

Ndi njuɓɓudi na wondi e leyɗe 12, hondi ummo e coftae keewɗe hona: ɓamtaare duumiinde naatnaande e domenuuji jaɓooji yeewteede.

Hondi softa kadi e: jaŋde, ekkinde mecce, cellal, yuɓɓinde rennda, pinal, ndema, enerji naange, hoɗnude, yenycinde, nyamaaɗe tokoose, yiilde keɓirɗe neesu jiilgol jaadungole hakkile, tuttaade leɗɗe e artirde dulli.

Njuɓɓudi IMI doliyankeeri hondi nyiɓii nyiɓagol tiiɗngol nder Senegal e leyɗe koɗdiiji nder hirnaange Afrik, to ndi heɓi jaɓaneede heɓde nyiiɓirde.

Njuɓɓudi IMI Na jogii ujjunaaji terɗe e parteneeruuji e denndaangal nokkuuji e winndere he.

Njuɓɓudi IMI na waawi tuugnaade egubbol jaacngol e renndadiiɓe, hono ministeeruuji rennda doŋiyankooji (sarwisaaji ndiyam, dulli, ndema, goomu kisal nguura, ministeerji keeriiɗi e meeriiji eken) SGBS, Njuɓɓudi dowliyankoori (porogaraam nguura dowliyanke) e dente jeyaaɓe ANEv (Agence nationale de Eco-village), e ballandiral e voute Nibien eken.




#Article 55: Laamateeri Maasina (293 words)


Seeku Aamadu laatii gardiiɗo laamateeri Fulɓe Maasina:
Caggal laamateeri Saraŋkuleeɓe Gaana ( fewnɗo temmeddanɗe 3 haa yotti temmeddanɗe 8),
Laamateeri Maniŋkaaɓe to Maali (fewnɗo temmeddanɗe 13 haa yotti temmeddanɗe 15) kañe  e Laamateeri Koroborooɓe maa Soŋay’en (fewnɗo temmeddanɗe 15 haa yotti temmeddanɗe 16), ko jamaanu Laamateeri Fulɓe Maasina wari.

Jibinannde Laamateeri

Seeku Aamadu puɗɗuɗo Laamateeri, ƴiwɗo e ɓeynguure Barinaaɓe (Fulɓe juulɓe). Ko arɗo Fulɓe jom-tooruuji'en (rewooɓe sanamuuji) warɓe ƴiwde to leydi Senegaal, wuurnooɓe e daande maayo Nijer gila temmeddanɗe 14 wonnooɓe e nder ɗowaangol Laamiiɗo Segu hitaande 1670.

E hitaande 1818, Seeku Aamadu haɓidi e Fulɓe arɗo’en e yaadiiɓe mum’en jokkondirnooɓe e laamɗo keefeero bammbaranke mo Segu oo. O heɓi poolgal. Caggal ɗum o fampii jihaadi makko (1819) o dahi saare Jenne, nokku ɗo o jaŋngunoo Alkura'ana. Ndeen o fenti laamateeri alsilamaaku keyri ndi o inniri Diina kono endi ɓuraa anndireede innde Laamateeri Maasina. Laamorgo mayri laatii Hamdallaahi, ko ɗum woni wi'ide yettoore woodanii Geno. Wuro ngoo ko joɗɗinaango hakkunde hitaande 1819 e 1821 kilometiraaji 32 hakkunde mum e Mooɓti. Engo mooftunoo ko hewti 60 deende (quartiers).

Peewnitoowo mawɗo

Seeku Aamadu laatii peewnitoowo (réformateur) mawɗo: o feewnii renndo Fulɓe: o fecci ɓe nooneeje ngam yaafinde margol dabbaaji, kañe e nawrugol ndema yeeso. O nawrii njulaŋkaaku kadi yeeso o renndini etunguuji leydi ndi fuf etungu ngootu. Ñaawoore ko Alkura'ana waɗirteno yurmeende alaa heen. Haybiirde koniŋkooɓe kadi no feewnano. Laatii faggudu leydi ndii ina tuuginoo e ngaynaaka (durngol) e ndema.

Seeku Aamadu toppitii kadi jannde. Cukalel ina naatinee e jaŋngirɗe  Alkura'ana gila e duuɓi mum 7. Duɗe Alkur’aana keewɗe cosano e leydi ndii.

Ko e hitaande 1844, caggal maayde Seeku Aamadu ndee, ɓiɗɗo makko Aamadu Seeku lomtii mo e laamu. Caggal oon, ko taaniraawo makko lomtii e laamu e hitaande 1852. 

Wakkati timmoode Laamateeri Maasina




#Article 56: Jallo Teli (2552 words)


Ko ñalnde Mawbaare (Talaata) 1 Mbooy (Mars) 1977, he saanga beetawe, Koolaaɗo Kuuɓal Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik garwaniijo o maayi he nder dummbirdu 52 to Camp Boiro, Konaakiri leydi Lagine (la Guinée).

Duuɓi cappanɗe nay e ɗiɗi (42) njawtii caggal ko ɗum waɗi, kono sukaaɓe Afriknaaɓe heewɓe nganndinaaka holi oo ɓiyɗo Pullo, gorko Afriknaajo, kaɓanaaɗo ngam rokkitde Afrik jeytaare e ndimaagu mum. Hare hakkilantaagal e ñeeñal nde o sippiraa he nder batuuji winndereyankeeji, ɗi he nder mum en hay añɓe makko ene keɓtini haayaneede mo konngol e laaɓtude makko jiyanɗe. Darnde makko he mahde ngootaagu leyɗeele Afrik ngam haa mbaawa tabitin’de nguun ndimaagu e ndeen jeytaare ko huunde seedtinnde.

Allajji Buubakar Teli Jallo ɓurɗo lollirde “Jallo Teli”, sabu ko kanko njiɗ-ɗen haalde, jibinaa ko he hitaande 1925 to wuro ene wiyee Poredeka he nder Fuuta Jalon, walla ko woɗɓe noddirta Gine Hakkundeeri.

Hono no kala ɓiyngel pullo ni, walla mbiyen tan juulɗo, nde o dañi duuɓi jeegom o naatnaa duɗal Quraana, ɓooytaani o naatnaa duɗal Farayse ɗoon he Poredaka. Laamɗo kanton oo teskii ngel cukalel e welde hakkille e heewde himmi o hirjini ngel e jokkude jaŋde e tiiɗnaare.

He 1940, taw omo yahra e duuɓi sappo e joy o naati duɗal hakkundeewal to wuro Maamu, taw jibnaaɓe makko eggii koɗtoyii wuro ene sara Mamu ene wiyee Teliko. Ɓooytaani caggal ɗuum, he wasiya seernaaɓe makko Faraysiyankeeɓe, o neldaa Konaakiri laamorgo leydi Lagine. O jokkoyi jaŋde makko to duɗal biyetenoongal l’école primaire supérieure gontayoowal Lycée Classique de Donka.

Jallo Teli fof e welde hakkille e jaɓde janngude, ɓennaani he ƴeewndooji seedanfaagu Bakkaaloreya ( Baccalauréat). Eɗen ciftina noon wonnde ko he 1950 Lagine fuɗɗii meeɗde dañde keɓɗo nguun seedanfaagu.

Hono no ɓiyɓe Lagine, haa ɓuri teeŋtude e Fulɓe ɓee, ɓe jibinaaɓe mum en ene ceɓori seeɗa to bannge dañal ɓee fof ni, Bubakar Jallo felliti jokoyde jaŋde mum Dakaar, laamorgo Afrique Occidental Francaise (AOF), hono no hiirnaange Afrik he les njiimaandi Farayse wiyetenoo he ngaan saanga. Nde o yettii Dakar o naatoyi duɗal William Pointy de Sebikotane. William pointy sosanoo ko he 1903 to Ndar (St. Louis Senegal), kono he 1912 ngal egginaa ngal faatiraa Goree, duunde tokesere he nder maayo-Geej Ndakaaru. Ko he maggal ɓiyɓe Afriknaaɓe jooma barkeeji en ɓee e wonoyooɓe suɓaaɓe hiirnaange Afrik ɓee kebletenoo. Ɗoon ne kadi koreeji makko ndonki waawde walludemo no fotiri nii, ɗuum woni sabaabu jaŋde makko ronki yahde, o ronki yawtude he ƴeewndooji Bakkaaloreya (Baccalauréat) kono o dañi naatde he ligey laamu (administration) koloñaal. Ɗuum wonnoo ko 1946 taw omo yahra e duuɓu 21.

Nde Bubakar Jallo Teli gollatnoo he nder ko wiyetenoo ndeen, “liggeyaaji kuuɓtidinɗi laamu huuɓtidinngu hiirnaange Afrik farayseyanke ( services généraux du gouvernement général de l’Afrique occidentale française)to Ndakaaru ndee, o nani suka gooto Faraysenaajo mo o gollidatnoo ene wiyee Pierre Cros, ene haala wonnde neɗɗo ene waawi dañde golle he laamu koloñaal hee ɓurɗe ɗe ɓe ngoni he mum ɗee faayodin’de so oon tigi rewii he duɗal Ecole nationale de la France d’outre-mer (ENFOM).Ɗuum noon kadi gasata laataade tan koo tawa oon tigi ene mari seedanfaagu mum Bakkaaloreya, kadi ko maa yaha Paris ko toon janngoyta.

He hitaande 1946-47 Jallo Teli ruttii duɗal lycée Ndakaaru ngam waɗde ƴeewndo Bakkaaloreya, o ɓenni he daawe ɗiɗi ɗee kala, gadanal ngal e battindiingal ngal kala. Ene jeyanoo e seernaaɓe jannginɓe mo he ngaan saanga, biyeteeɗo Jean Suret-Canal gooto e terɗe lannda Communist Farayse, mo eɗen teskoo wonnde, caggal nde Lagine heɓi jeytaare mum, ko toon jooɗtoyi ene janngina hayso tawii ɗuum welaano leydi Farayse.

Nde Jallo Teli heɓi seedanfaagu mum o fayi Farayse. Nde o yettii toon o winndii he duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Paris, senngo jojjannde e gannde faggudu ( Faculté de droit et des sciences économiques) gonnongal he nokku biyeteeɗo place du Panthéon he nder leegal latin.

He tuma nde Bubakar Jallo Teli janngata ngam heɓde seedanfaagu mum licence de droit et science Economique ndee, omo heblanoo kadi ƴeewndooji ngam naatde he duɗal jeynoongal sabaabu garaangal makko Farayse ngal (ENFOM).

He 1951 Jallo Teli heɓi seedanfaagu mum he jojjannde (ñaawoore) e gannde faggudu, kadi o ari go’aɓo he ƴeewndo “B” ngo Ecole National da la France d’Outre-mer (ENFOM), keertoraangal wonan’de sukaaɓe gollanooɓe laamu gal. Eɗen ciftora Jallo Teli ummotonoo Senegaal ndee omo ara Farayse ko he ndiin mbaydi o arno. Hayso ko ɓuri heewde e almuuɓe so naatii ngaal duɗal keewi yahrude ko senngo “Administration General” ne, Teli kanum suɓii ko yahrude bannge ñaawoore (Magistrature). Nde o yalti duɗal ENFOM kanko e janngidiiɓe makko he haralde 1951-53, o nawaa magistrature outre-mer, tuugnaade he suɓngo makko. O nomaa lomto (substitut) Procureur de la Republique to tirbinaal kalaas tataɓo mo Thies (Cees), Seneegal, cosanooɗo ko ɓooyaano, kono o ɓooyaani ɗoon.

Nde Bubakar Jallo ummi Cees o adii won’de ko Gardinaaɗo Gollooɓe (chef de cabinet) Haut-Commisaire de l’AOF to Dakaar he 1955. Caggal ɗuum o ƴami lefol won’de koolaaɗo kuuɓal AOF o heɓi. Ko he Seeɗto (Avril) 1957 o fiilaa ngool lefol. Ɗuum waɗiimo, he ngaan saanga, Afriknaajo ɓurɗo toowde he nder laamu koloñaal Farayse he Hiirnaange Afrrik. He lewbi 18 ɗi o waɗi he ngaal gollal ɗii, addaniimo ɓeydaade faamde mahanteeje dawrugol ko wiyetee “type parlamentaire” ko. Ko toon kadi o yiytondiri e Ahmadu Seyku Tuure e heewɓe e kaadareeɓe Afriknaaɓe jogorɓe wonoyde janngo ardiiɓe leyɗeele mum en walla kam sippirantenooɓe leyɗeele mum en to bannge dawrugol ko wayno:Léopold Sédar Sengoor, Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Lamine Guèye, Modibo Keïta, Fily Dabo Sissoko, Jibo Bakari Hammani Joori, Ouezzin Kulibali e woɗɓe.

Ñalnde 28 Silto (Settaambur) 1958 Laginenaaɓe heewɓe cuɓii “alaa” hono Seyku Tuure e lannda mum (Parti démocratique de Guinée) mbasiyirinooɓe ni, he toɗɗe ɗe De Gaulle yuɓɓinnoo ngam waylude doosɗe ngenndi Farayse he ko yowitii e jeytaare leyɗeele Afrik gonnooɗe he les njiimaandi mum ɗe.

Nde Lagine suɓii jeytaare ndimaagu mum, geɗal ɓurnongal himmude ɗo Seyku Tuure ɗo, wonno ko naatgol Guinee he Fedde Ngootaagu Dowlaaji, mbele maa jeytaare Lagine heɓtine he nder dowlaaji aduna ɗii kala. He ngaan saanga taw Jallo Teli ne ɓamii pellital artude Lagine, ngam addude ballal mum e karallaagal mum ngam ɓamtaare ngenndi mum. Ndi ngenndi ngonndi he kesam-hesaagu jeytaare mum, hatojinndi e he mbaawka kala gooto e ɓiyɓe mum ngam ɓamtude e suutude ɗum mbele maa waaw dañde palaas mo haan’di o he nder renndooji leyɗeele dime. Seyku Tuure ene anndi mbaawka Jallo Teli he kattanɗe waawde wallude Lagine haa naata he Fedde Ngootaagu Dowlaaji. Nde o arti Guinee Sayku halfinimo dogde he ɗuum. Jonte seeɗa pawii heen Jallo Teli dañi wune,Guinee jaɓanaa won’de tergal he nder Fedde Ngootaagu Dowlaaji (FngD), hayso tawii Farayse ene haɓotonoo mbele ɗuum ene waasa won’de.

Tuggude he 1958 haa 1964, Bubakar Jallo Teli wonii jooɗaniiɗo leydi Lagine to ñiiɓirde F.Ng.D to New York kad he hakkunde hee o wonii Ammbasadoor maɓɓe to Washington, laamorngo Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Amerik. Nde Jallo Teli yettii New York ɓooytaani o woni hoodere yiytiniinde he nder goomu Afro-asiyatik he. Sabu makko won’de ɓelɗo ƴiiƴam, moƴƴo jikku kadi jaawɗo woowde addaniimo faggaade yiɗɓe hay he nder yimɓe ɓe o seertunoo yiyannde. He nder winndannde yaltunde he jaaynde New York Times ñalnde 21 Morso (Juillet) 1964 omo siforee heen wonnde: “Ko o juulɗo keɓɗo innde (moƴƴere) he Fedde Ngootaagu Dowlaaji he duuɓi 6 jawtuɗi ɗii sabu makko won’de kaɓanteeɗo jojjannde ɓaleeɓe Afrik ko aldaa e mettere. Ko Alhajji (hayso o huwtortaako ndeen innde) sabu makko yahde Makka he 1956. O meeɗaani yahrude caggal he ŋatre makko wonnde maa leyɗeele Afrik fof keɓa jeytaare mum en timmunde, kono o wonaa kaɓeteeɗo tan he dow meere taw koɗo haanaani. Moodi Jallo wonaa tan kurmaaɗo, kono kadi ko jiɗaaɗo hay e nder yimɓe ɓe o haɓatoo kuule mum en ɓe.”

Hay so Jallo Teli seeraano e hollirde fiɓnde mum he jeytaare Lagine walla boom leyɗeele Afrik fof e kuuɓal, kadi e gollaade les Seyku Tuure ngam yettaade he ndeen fayndaare ne, Seyku kanum seeraano e jogaade kulhuli he oo ɓiyɗo Ginenaajo, mo ɓayre mum he nder renndooji aduna hee kala, nana wirnamo he naange. Ndeen hoolkisaare walla mbiyen ɗaam kiram waɗi, kala nde diisnodiral to FNgD he won e toɓɓe yonti, Seyku heewi ko neldude neɗɗo goɗɗo ummoriiɗo Konaakiri ara ardoo sate Lagine, diwamo kanko jooɗaniiɗo ɗoon leydi Lagine o, ɗuum fof ko ngam yiɗnoode wirnudemo. Eɗen mbaawi kadi ɓeydude heen wonnde Seyku meeɗaani woppude Jallo Teli wellitii. Kala ɗo oon ene yaha o waddat e mum ballidiiɗo (assistant), mo e jaati, wonaa hay-huunde ko wonaa ñukkintooɗo mo, kala ko eji e makko nawtana ɗum Konaakiri.

Gonaangal Jallo Teli Amerik addanii ɗum faggitaade karallaagal kadi rokkiiɗum fartaŋŋe waawde hollirde ñeeñal mum e hakkilantaagal mum,haa ɓuri teeŋtude noon he nder golle goomuuji. Ene jeyanoo e toɓɓe ɓurɗe soklin’de mo, hono no mbiyɗen ni, ko yowitii he jeytaare leyɗeele Afrik kadi e toɓɓere kiiɓal ɓaleeɓe (aprtheid) he nder Afrik Worgo sabu wonnoode mo hooreejo goomu kalfinaaɗo haɓaade kiiɓal (apartheid). Ko ɗiin dukooji gulɗi he dow tirbinaaji FNgD njey sabaabu leyɗeele Afrik keewɗe keɓti ndimaagu mum en he 1960.

He 1963 nde Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik sosaa ndee, koolaaɗo kuuɓal ene yiylee, hakkillaaji fof ndogi ko fayde he Jallo Teli. O falaama koolaaɗo kuuɓal Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik lawbi ɗiɗ, kono he 1972 nde o ƴamti lefol ngol he batu jooɗinoongu Rabaa (Marok) o ɗaftaa, taw saabi ɗum ko laamɗo leydi makko e hoore mum,Ahmadu Seyku Tuure, luutndaade mo. Gila e fuɗɗoode, eɗen nganndi, Seyku ko luutndinooɗo waɗeede mo Koolaaɗo Kuuɓal, sabu tan añnoode yiyde neɗɗo jom martaba bayɗo hono no Jallo Teli ni, ene wona hoodere nde mbeelu leydi Gine ko he mum ndaaratee caggal leydi. Kono sabu ñeeñal Jallo teli, karallaagal mum he ko yowitii he diisnondire e woowde mum termondireede e sirlondireede, yantude e ballal yimɓe heewɓe jooma en tiiɗndi en, ko wayno Ayle Salaasi, ɓeydii teeŋtin’de mbaawka makko ka aldaa e guli, addani Seyku yolbin’de junngo mum.

Nde Jallo Teli ɗaftaa lefol mum ndee, sikke alaa, jooɗtiima ko juuti omo miijitoo e hol ko wonata janngo makko. Caggal nde o fiila ɗii leppi teddungal toowɗi, alaa ko haɗi, tawat ɓernde makko ene wooɗee dañde kadi posto toowngo ngo jaŋde makko e maartaba haandi. He oon tuma o jokkondiriino e Kurt waldheim, gonnooɗo Koolaaɗo Kuuɓal Fedde Ngootaagu Dowlaaji (l,ONU), kono he ngaan saanga Waldheim alaano hay posto gooto mo waawi tottude kowhowo potɗono Jallo Teli ni. Luutndiiɓe Ginenaaɓe wonɓe caggal leydi ɓee ne ƴamiino mo e yiɗde mbele omo heddo caggal leydi o ardoo luutndiiɓe laamu Seyku (chef de file de l,opposition en exil), kono ɗuum hawranaano mo.

Caggal oon nguumu-ngaama yantude kadi e kirjingol Seyku Tuure yoo artu Guinee ɓe liggodoo o felliti hootde. Sikke alaa, Jallo ene anndi Sayku yiɗaa ɗum, kadi omo anndi Seyku hannde way ko hono no mbaroodi taalnaandi ni, ko gontuɗo laamɗo baroowo, mo alaa hoolaare e hay gooto. Nde o ɓami pellital hootde ndee yimɓe heewɓe kajimoomo, ene jeyaa e ɓeen, jooma-suudu makko Kajjatu Jallo mo o resondirnoo gila e ɓe njannga to Farayse.

Eɗen ciftora wonnde Jallo Teli heblaa ko he gannde jojjannde walla mbiyen ganndal sariyaaji (duruwaa), ko ɗuum waɗi nde o arti Gine tan Seku toɗɗii mo ko Jaagorɗo Kalfinaaɗo Ñaawooje. O wonii heen tuggude nde o art he 1972 haa 1976. He ngoon posto kadi o addi heen karallaagal timmungal e pellital gollaade ngal o anndiraa ngal. O wayli kuule leydi (code civil) ɗee, o itti ɗum en e ɗe ɓe ndonnoo e laamu koloñaal Farayse o wiɗti ɗum en kanum en fof kuule Ginenaaje. O naati kadi he lannda mbajja ka (Parti Démocratique Guinéen), wonnoka he jappeere ko aldaa e pooɗondiral. Hono kaadareeɓe lannda kaa fof ni, saha kala omo yaha he nder dowriiji he ngam daronoyaade lannda ka, kono kadi no kala kaadareeɓe leydi ndii kala ɗo yahi ko deenaaɗo o alaa wellitaare, o waawaa yaltude leydi ngam ɗannaade.

Huunde wontunde aada Seyku Tuure, duuɓi seeɗa tan caggal nde o yaltini Lagine he less njiimaandi Farayse o rokki ɗum jeytaare timmunde, ko waɗtude kala luutndiɗomo walla tan mo hoolkisi, o sasana ɗum takkare. O takka joom mum wonnde yiitaama ene fewjana jamfaade mo liɓa laamu makko. Nde ɗuum waɗi fof kadi, ɓeen so njaggaama keewi ñaaweede warngo pelle walla mbarde heege e ɗomka.

He ngol laawol Seyku Tuure takki ko Fulɓe, kono goonga oo tan ko Jallo Teli o meerotonoo.
Ñalnde 18 Morso (Julliet) 1976, Jallo Teli hiirtodiima e Ahmadu Seyku Tuure to galle laamorɗo to, kono yeewtere maɓɓe kasi ko he ɗii konnguɗi:

Ko he oon jamma 18 ene jofi 19 lewru Morso 1976 Bubakar Jallo Teli nanngaa he nder galle mum faarnaa Camp Boiro. Ñalnde 24 Morso (Julliet) 1976 Jagorɗe ɗiɗi goɗɗe, Alfa Umar Bari e Aliwun Daraame ne nanngaa wonndude e majistaraa gooto ene wiyee Sileyman Si-Sawaane, e Kumaandaa kooniŋkeeɓe Lamine Kuyaate ene wonndi e Liyetnaa Alhasan Jallo. Kamɓe fof ɓe cokoyaa Camp Boiro.

Bubakar Jallo Teli he nder dummbirdu Camp Boiro
Hayso Seyku ko cosoowo takkere ne, kala mo o nanngi ko ma o waawna ɗum qirlaade ko waɗaani mbele ma o dañ e mum hujja. Ngam ɗuum gasa laataade, feere nde ɓe kuwtortoo ko waɗde oon tigi he ko ɓe noddirta “Diet Noir”. Ɗuum woni haɗde joom mum ñaamde e yarde haa ɓanndu mum losa, ɓe nawa ɗum he ko ɓe mbiyata “cabine technique”, ɓe maasa ɗum kuuraŋaaji he terɗe mum jaɓa qirlaade ko takkaa ko.

Hakke balɗe sappo e jeenay (19) ɓe etiima haalnude Teli e ɓe ndonki, kono nde juutnoo ɓe mbaawtiimo o jaɓi taraade ko mbinndi ko. Wonnde ko o badduɗo maalde e CIA, ko Henry Kissinger e hoore mum o haaldi, kanko e yahdiiɓe makko e ɓe liɓa laamu seyku, o laamo ɓe pirta rewolisoŋ o, ɓe tafa guwernamaa keso newnanoowo “occident” hiilnaade ɗoon nafoore mum. Ñalnde 22 Juko (Août) 1976 o jaŋtii ɗum fawaa he rajo yimɓe fof keɗii wonnde Jallo Teli kay qirliima ko piɓnooɗo jamfa. Kono he nder Guinée taw yimɓe fof ngowtii Seyku e pewje mum.

He nder dummbirde he seedtaama wonnde o hollirii toon cuusal, pellital, kono kadi won’de diineyanke e sellude makko fiɓnde he Allah. Hay ko o woni he nder dummbirde ko omo winndondiratnoo e Seyku Tuure ɓataakeeji ngam hollude yiyannde makko he mbayliigu dawrugol waɗatnoongu he nder leydi hee e ngaan saanga, hayso tawii Seyku kanum kala nde winnditii ko takkude mo o wonnde o jamfiima rewolisoŋ ginenaaɓe o yantii fedde añɓe yimɓe Lagine.

Ñalnde 12 Colte (Février) 1977, Jallo Teli e yoga e wonndiiɓe mum mbaɗaa kadi he “Diet Noir”, kono e ngol laawol ko heen ɓe keddii. Nde Jallo Teli maayi ñalnde 1 Mbooy 1977, wiyaama, ɓe ngari ɓe taƴi e makko husere ngam huwtoroyaade ɗum he dabare maɓɓe. Caggal ɗuum ɓe ndenndini maayɓe ɓee fof ɓe ubbi ɗum en he ngaska ngoota taw ɓe njuulaaka, ɓe kasnaaka, ɓe ndokkaaka hay hakke gooto maayɗo juulɗo. Nde ɓe ngayni ɓe duppi kaake mum en. Hay ko Seyku maayi ko koreeji maɓɓe ndonkii holleede ɗo ɓe ubba. Duuɗi 7 caggal ɗuum he lewru Mbooy 1984 Seyku Tuure maayi.

Hono no Andre Lewin siftiniri en ɗum nii, nde laamu kesu nguu ari qirrima ɓeen maaynooɓe e majjunooɓe he nder dummbirɗe Seyku Tuure ko tooñanooɓe pawaa fenaande. Ɓi inniri Bubakar Jallo Teli Kallu mawɗo ( boulevard), kadi defte mbinndaama he maayde Jallo Teli, goomu miijitigol (club de réflexion) ƴettii innde makko he 1996, fondation Jallo Teli sosaama he 1998, njeenaaje ( prix) Jallo Teli ndokkiraama to UNESCO, kono Afrik e kuuɓal haa jooni renndaani rutti teddungal oon gadiinooɗo won’de kulaaɗo mum kuuɓal.







#Article 58: Alfaa Yaayaa/adlam (306 words)


𞤀𞤤𞤬𞤢𞥄 𞤒𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤮 𞤳𞤮 𞤤𞤢𞤥𞤯𞤮 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤂𞤢𞤦𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞥆𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤬𞤫𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤮 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤤𞤢 𞤢𞤤𞤧𞤭𞤤𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅. 𞤁𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤂𞤢𞤦𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤬𞤢𞤴𞤣𞤢 𞤬𞤫𞤷𞥆𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤫𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤴𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤼𞤫𞤲𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤩𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 𞤣𞤢𞤸𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤫 𞤶𞤢𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤅𞤫𞤩𞥆𞤫 (𞤃𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫) 𞤐'𞤘𞤢𞥄𞤦𞤵.

𞤌 𞤶𞤭𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥘𞥕𞥐⹁ 𞤺𞤫𞤯𞤢𞤤 𞤑𞤵𞤥𞤢𞤲𞤷𞤮 𞤩𞤭𞤯𞥆𞤮 𞤣𞤫𞤦𞥆𞤮 𞤤𞤢𞤥𞤯𞤮 𞤐'𞤘𞤢𞥄𞤦𞤵 𞤮𞤲 𞤔𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤫 𞤏𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭. 𞤌 𞤫𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤧𞤮𞤪𞤼𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤚𞤭𞤥𞤦𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲. 𞤌 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤫 𞤶𞤢𞤲𞤬𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤀𞤤𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭 𞤄𞤮𞥅𞤳𞤢𞤪 𞤄𞤭𞤪𞤮 𞤩𞤫𞤲. 𞤐'𞤁𞤫 𞤮 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤊𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤫𞤩𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤣𞤢𞤸𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤴𞤫𞤱𞤢 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤀𞤤𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤮 𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤮 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤲𞤮 𞤮 𞤣𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲. 𞤑𞤮 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤲 𞤬𞤢𞤤𞤶𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤫𞤩𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤢𞤪𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤵: 𞤩𞤫 𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄 𞤬𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤦𞤮𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤊𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤣𞤭𞤾𞤭𞤧𞤫𞤪 𞤨𞤮𞤵𞤪 𞤪égn𞤫𞤪 (𞤱𞤢𞤣𞥆𞤭𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤮𞥅)⹁ 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤳𞤮 𞤢𞤣𞥆𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤤𞤵𞤪𞥆𞤢𞤤 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤩𞤭𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤲𞤮 𞤶𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤭𞤪𞤢 𞤲'𞤶𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤵 𞤥𞤵𞤲 𞤫 𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫. 𞤐'𞤁𞤫 𞤊𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤬𞤮𞥅𞤤𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤄𞤮𞥅𞤳𞤢𞤪 𞤄𞤭𞤪𞤮 𞤳𞤢 𞤸𞤢𞤪𞤫 𞤆𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢 𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥘𞥙𞥖 𞤩𞤫 𞤭𞤥𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤬𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤪𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤤𞤢𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤻𞤵𞤲 𞤫 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤳𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤼𞥆𞤢 𞤨𞤢𞤼𞥆𞤢𞤤𞤮𞤴 𞤨𞤢𞤼𞥆𞤢𞤤𞤮𞤴. 𞤉 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥐𞥕 𞤩𞤫 𞤶𞤢𞤲𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤀𞤤𞤬𞤢𞥄 𞤒𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤩𞤫 𞤫𞤺𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤥𞤮 𞤁𞤢𞤸𞤮𞤥𞤫. 𞤇𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 𞤯𞤵𞤲 𞤩𞤫 𞤢𞤪𞤼𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤥𞤮 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤮 𞤬𞤵𞤯𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤫𞤩𞥆𞤭𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤣𞤢𞤪𞤼𞤢𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤆𞤮𞤪𞤼𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲. 𞤆𞤮𞤪𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤵𞤤𞤭 𞤣𞤢𞤪𞤶𞤢 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤸𞤵𞤤𞤭 𞤱𞤮𞤼𞤢 𞤮 𞤥𞤵𞤪𞤼𞤭𞤲 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲. 𞤇𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤺𞤭𞤼𞤭 𞤥𞤮 𞤩𞤫 𞤫𞤺𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤥𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤯𞤮𞥅 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮𞤤 𞤃𞤮𞤪𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤭. 𞤑𞤮 𞤯𞤮𞤲 𞤮 𞤬𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥑𞥒. 𞥑𞥙𞥖𞥙 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤆𞤁𞤘 (𞤅𞤫𞥅𞤳𞤵 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅) 𞤢𞤪𞤼𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤬𞤵𞤪𞤫𞥅 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤀𞤤𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭 𞤅𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤮𞤪𞤭 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫. 𞤖𞤭𞤩𞤫 𞤦𞤫𞤤𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤦𞤫𞤪𞤯𞤫 𞤑𞤢𞤥𞤫𞤪𞤵𞤲 𞤳𞤢 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤮𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭𞤪𞤭. 𞤒𞤭𞤥𞤪𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 (𞤖𞤴𞤥𞤲𞤫 𞤐𞤢𞤼𞤭𞤮𞤲𞤢𞤤) 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤺𞤭𞤥𞤮𞤤 𞤁𞤫𞥅𞤥𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤢𞤲 𞤼𞤵𞥅𞤺𞤭𞥅: 𞤳𞤮 𞤶𞤫𞤤𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤴𞤭𞤥𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤮𞥅 𞤀𞤤𞤬𞤢𞥄 𞤒𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤺𞤭𞤥𞤮𞤤.
𞤖𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤧𞤫𞤥𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤭 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤀𞤤𞤬𞤢𞥄 𞤒𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤰𞤫𞤼𞥆𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤥𞤮 𞤱𞤢 𞤽𞤢𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤯𞤮 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤳𞤢 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤮𞤲 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤥𞤮 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤦𞤮𞤲𞥆𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤤𞤢 𞤥𞤮 𞤑𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤥𞤮𞤳𞤮 𞤀𞤤𞤬𞤢𞥄 𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤷𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤮𞤲 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤳𞤮 𞤤𞤵𞤪𞥆𞤫 𞤫 𞤶𞤢𞤲𞤬𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤴𞤫𞥅𞤧𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤼𞤮 𞤹𞤢𞤪𞤲𞤵 𞥑𞥙𞤢𞤩𞤮 𞤤𞤮'𞤭𞤲𞤭 𞤼𞤵𞤺𞤢𞤤𞤫 𞤮𞤲 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤤𞤢 𞤵𞤣𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤭 𞤳𞤮𞤤𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮𞤤.




#Article 59: Aamadu Tumani Tuure/adlam (229 words)


𞤢
𞤖𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤮𞤲. 𞤌 𞤶𞤭𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤻𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞥔 𞤶𞤮𞤤𞤢𞤤 (𞤲𞤵𞤱𞤢𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞤪) 𞥑𞥙𞥔𞥘 𞤃𞤮𞤨𞤼𞤭. 𞤋𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤲𞤮 𞤤𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤀𞤚𞥆. 𞤖𞤭𞤥𞤮 𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢𞥄 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤢𞤷𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤯𞤮 𞤧𞤭𞤱𞤭𞤤𞤶𞤮 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤢𞥄 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳. 𞤉 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥙𞥑⹁ 𞤷𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤢𞤤 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤮𞤲 𞤥𞤵𞤪𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤆𞤫𞤪𞤧𞤭𞤣𞤢𞤲 𞤃𞤵𞥅𞤧𞤢𞥄 𞤚𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤱𞤮𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤤𞤢𞤥𞤯𞤮 𞤥𞤮 𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤫𞤥𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤬𞤮𞤼𞤢 𞤫 𞤶𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤥⹁ 𞤤𞤢𞤪𞤥𞤫 𞤮𞤲 𞤬𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤭 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤭 𞤴𞤮𞤺𞤢 𞤫 𞤴𞤭𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤲𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤀𞥄𞤥𞤢𞤣𞤵 𞤚𞤵𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅 𞤤𞤭𞤩𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤲𞤮𞤣𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭 𞤕𞤮𞤲𞤬é𞤪𞤫𞤲𞤷𞤫 𞤐𞤢𞤼𞤭𞤮𞤲𞤢𞤤𞤫⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤬𞤫𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤭 𞤲'𞤺𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤵𞤥. 𞤇𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 𞤯𞤮𞤲 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤢⹁ 𞥑𞥙𞥙𞥒⹁ 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤫 𞤣𞤫𞤥𞤮𞤳𞤢𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤧𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤚𞤵𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅 𞤶𞤮𞤲𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤧𞤭𞤱𞤭𞤤𞤶𞤮⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤳𞤮 𞤀𞤤𞤬𞤢𞥄 𞤓𞤥𞤢𞤪 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫. 𞤇𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫 𞤼𞤭𞤥𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞤨𞥆𞤵 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤢𞤩𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞥒𞥐𞥐𞥒⹁ 𞤚𞤵𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅 𞤢𞤪𞤼𞤭 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤪𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 (𞤨𞤮𞤤𞤮𞤼𞤭𞤺𞤭): 𞤮 𞤬𞤮𞥅𞤤𞤭 𞤅𞤵𞤥𞤢𞤴𞤤𞤢 𞤅𞤭𞥅𞤧𞤫𞥅 𞤳𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤫. 𞤘𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤸𞤭𞤥𞤮 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭𞥅 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭. 𞤌 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤲𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤮 𞤺𞤮𞤣𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤤𞤵𞤼𞥆𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤢 𞤸𞤢𞤨𞥆𞤵 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤬𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤲'𞤺𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤤𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤭. 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤸𞤢𞤯𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤮 𞤻𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞥒𞥒 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤢𞤧𞤭 𞥒𞥐𞥑𞥒 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤫𞤤𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤥𞤮 𞤳𞤮𞤲⹁ 𞤮 𞤼𞤭𞤲𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭 𞤫 𞤼𞤭𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤥𞤵𞤪𞤼𞤭𞤼𞤵𞤩𞤫 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤣𞤢𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫 (𞤚𞤵𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫𞤺'𞤫𞤲) 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤬𞤮𞤤𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤳𞤢 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭. 𞤖𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤭𞤲𞥆𞤫𞥅 𞤀𞥄𞤥𞤢𞤣𞤵 𞤅𞤢𞤲𞤮𞤺𞤮. 𞤙𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞥘 𞤭𞤦𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤤𞤵⹁ 𞤚𞤵𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤮 𞤢𞤷𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤮 𞤱𞤭'𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞤴 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮 𞤲𞤮𞤲 𞤣𞤮𞥅𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤥𞤮 𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤭𞤪𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤲𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮 𞤼𞤭𞤺𞤭 𞤫 𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤭𞤴𞤭𞥅 𞤢𞤷𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤵. 
𞤚𞤵𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤻𞤮𞤤 𞤅𞤮𞤽𞤢𞤴 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤳𞤢 𞤶𞤭𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞥆𞤮𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤮 𞤲𞤫ʼ𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤮 𞤖𞤢𞤤-𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪 𞤥𞤮 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤼𞤭𞤥𞥆𞤭 𞤼𞤭𞤧.




#Article 60: Fulfulde/adlam (745 words)


𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤚𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤮 (𞤲𞤮 𞤺𞤢𞤧𞤢 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤴𞤢𞤤𞤼𞤭)⹁ 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫⹁ 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤢⹁ 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭⹁ 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤂𞤭𞤨𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤮⹁ 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤊𞤢𞤧𞤮⹁ 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤀𞤣𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤢⹁ 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤐𞤭𞥅𞤧𞤫𞤪𞤭𞤴𞤢 𞤫 𞤑𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤪𞤵𞤲.
𞤊𞤫𞤷𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤺𞤮'𞤮 𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤲𞤭𞥅:

𞤑𞤮 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤳𞤮𞤲 𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤵𞤥𞤭𞥅 𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤢𞤤 𞤫 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤫 𞤤𞤭𞤥𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤫 𞤯𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤫 𞤨𞤭𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤭𞤧𞤢𞤤 𞤧𞤭 𞤫𞤲 𞤰𞤫𞤼𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤄𞤢𞤺𞤭𞤪𞤥𞤭⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤳𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤕𞤢𞥄𞤣⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤀𞤣𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤲 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤢𞥄. 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤲𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫 𞤐𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤫𞤪 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤖𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭 𞤐𞤢𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭𞤴𞤢 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤵𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤖𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫 𞤐𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤫𞤪 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤂𞤭𞤨𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤢𞥄.

𞤅𞤮 𞤫𞤲 𞤼𞤫𞤧𞤳𞤭𞥅𞤥𞤢⹁ 𞤥𞤢 𞤫𞤲 𞤼𞤢𞤱 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤸𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤬𞤢𞤸𞤭𞤲 𞤷𞤢𞤤𞤼𞤵𞤯𞤫 𞤯𞤢𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤫 𞤸𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤵 (𞤩𞤢𞤤𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤫 𞤘𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤭𞤴𞤢)⹁ 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤄𞤮𞤪𞤺𞤵 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤄𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤐𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭𞤴𞤢. 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞥅𞤲 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤲𞤢 𞤩𞤢𞤣𞤭𞥅 𞤺𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤫 𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞥅 𞤯𞤫 𞤢𞤣𞤭-𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤤𞤭𞤥𞤼𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤴𞤫𞤪𞤵 𞤄𞤮𞤪𞤺𞤵 𞤲𞤮 𞤩𞤢𞤣𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤢⹁ 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤵 𞤲𞤮 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤚𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤮 𞤲𞤮 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤕𞤢𞥄𞤣 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤅𞤵𞤣𞤢𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤀𞤣𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤢 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭.

𞥒. 𞤀𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫: 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤥𞤫𞤣𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤧𞤢𞤨𞥆𞤮 𞤫 𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤼𞤢𞤼𞤢𞤩𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪-𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤫𞥅 𞤢𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤢𞤦𞤫. 𞤖𞤢𞥄 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤬𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤫 𞤴𞤫𞤪𞤵 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤀𞤣𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤢 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤢𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤢𞤦𞤫 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤣𞤮𞥅𞤤𞤲𞤮𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫. 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥖𞥖 𞤦𞤫𞤲𞤧𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢𞤤 𞤄𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤳𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤬𞤫𞤱𞤶𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤵𞤣𞤭 𞤼𞤵𞥅𞤺𞤭𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤢𞤦𞤢𞤶𞤢𞤣𞤢 𞤤𞤢𞤼𞤫𞤲. 𞤐'𞤁𞤭𞥅𞤲 𞤲'𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤵𞤣𞤭 𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢𞥄 𞤢𞤦𞤢𞤶𞤢𞤣𞤢 𞤓𞤐𞤉𞤅𞤕𞤌 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤢𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤓𞤐𞤉𞤅𞤕𞤌. 𞤀𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤴𞤪𞤭 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲𞤭:

a,b,mb,ɓ,c,d,nd,ɗ,e,f,g,ng,h,i,j,nj,k,l,m,n,ŋ,ñ(ny),o,p,q,r,s,t,u,w,x,y,ƴ,z

𞤭𞤯𞤭 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤫𞥅 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤫 𞤸𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫⹁ 𞤑𞤢𞤥𞤫𞤪𞤵𞥅𞤲⹁ 𞤅𞤵𞤣𞤢𞤲⹁ 𞤕𞤢𞥄𞤣⹁ 𞤐𞤭𞤺𞤫𞤪⹁ 𞤐𞤭𞤺𞤫𞤪𞤭𞤢...

𞤀𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 : 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪/𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤣𞤫 𞤢𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤫 𞤬𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤴𞤧𞤫 𞤫 𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤦 𞤫 𞤫𞤲𞤺𞤫𞤤𞤫… (𞥓𞥓 𞤢𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤤). 𞤏𞤮𞤲 𞤢𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤯𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤭𞥅 𞤱𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤯𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤫⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞤴𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤢𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤯⹁ 𞤰⹁ 𞤽…

𞤆𞤭𞤪𞤤𞤭𞤼𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤫 : 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤭𞥅 𞤤𞤮𞤥𞤼𞤮 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞥗𞤯𞤮 𞤧𞤮 𞤫𞤲 𞤤𞤭𞤥𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤲 𞤤𞤮𞤥𞤼𞤮 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤱𞤮 𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤼𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤱𞤮 : 𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤲 𞤲𞤫 𞤧𞤮 𞤫𞤲 𞤰𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤭𞥅 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤢𞤤 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤮𞤪𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤼𞤮 𞤦𞤢𞤲𞤺𞤫 𞤧𞤢𞤸𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤢𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤤𞤭𞤼𞤭𞤪𞤫𞥅 𞤸𞤫 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤯𞤭 : 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤮 𞤢𞤪⹁ 𞤮𞤥𞤮 𞤢𞤪𞤢⹁ 𞤮 𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤼⹁ 𞤮 𞤢𞤪𞤮𞤴𞤢𞤼⹁ 𞤮 𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤼𞤲𞤮⹁ 𞤮 𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤼𞤲𞤮𞥅…

𞤊𞤭𞤪𞤮 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫 : 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪/𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤮𞤪𞤭𞥅 𞤬𞤢𞤴𞤣𞤫  𞤥𞤵𞤥⹁ 𞤷𞤢𞤻𞤳𞤭 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤯𞤫𞤤𞤻𞤭𞤪𞤢 𞤳𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤼𞤭𞤥𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤫 𞤻𞤫𞥅𞤻𞤢𞤤 𞤦𞤢𞤴𞤣𞤵𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 : 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤫𞤲 𞤯𞤵𞥅𞤥 𞤥𞤢𞤸𞤣𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪

𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤳𞤭𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤲 𞤳𞤢𞤤𞤢 𞤢𞤪𞤣𞤢 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤥𞤵𞤥.

𞤐'𞤘𞤢𞤥 𞤢𞤻𞤣𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤮𞤴𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤢𞥄 𞤼𞤫 𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤢𞤼𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤬𞤮𞤬⹁ 𞤲'𞤶𞤢𞤸𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤫 𞤼𞤮𞤩𞥆𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤧𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅 𞤯𞤮 𞤤𞤮𞤱𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤩𞤫𞤧𞤯𞤮.

_ 𞤑𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤯𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤥 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮: 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪/𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞤼𞥆𞤢𞤲 𞤧𞤫𞤯𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤸𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤴𞤢𞤤𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤮𞤴𞤮𞤲 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤼𞤮𞤳𞤮𞤧𞤮𞤲 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲𞤳𞤮𞤲 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤥𞤵𞤥. 𞤀𞤯𞤢 𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤭 𞤴𞤭𞤴𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫 𞤧𞤢𞤨𞥆𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤢 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤸𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮. 𞤐'𞤘𞤢𞤥 𞤲𞤫𞤱𞤲𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤫 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤰𞤫𞤬𞤼𞤫𞤲 𞤴𞤫𞤪𞤵 𞤸𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤯𞤫 𞤦𞤢𞤯𞤼𞤭𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞤥 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫:

𞤢/ 𞤼𞤮𞤩𞤮: 𞤶𞤢𞤲𞤶𞤢⹁ 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤼𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤱𞤭𞤧_𞤱𞤭𞤧⹁ 𞤴𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤤 (𞤶𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤤)⹁ 𞤶𞤵𞤳𞤮⹁ 𞤁𞤫𞤥𞤦𞤢 𞤣𞤭𞤽𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤸𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞤴𞤪𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤥⹁ 𞤦𞤮𞤱𞤼𞤫…

𞤦/ 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮𞤤: 𞤦𞤵𞤪𞤣𞤵𞤦𞤵𞤶𞤮𞤤(𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤦𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢𞤽𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮𞤤)⹁ 𞤥𞤮𞤧𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤶𞤵𞤪𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤤𞤢𞤨𞥆𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤦𞤮𞤤𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤷𞤫𞤤𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤷𞤮𞤣𞤮𞤤⹁𞤨𞤫𞤪𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤳𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤵(𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤳𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤮𞤤…)⹁ 𞤲'𞤦𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤢(𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤲'𞤦𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤢𞤱𞤮𞤤)…

𞤷/ 𞤸𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤫: 𞤬𞤭𞤩𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤶𞤮𞤥𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤽𞤢𞥄𞤽𞤣𞤫⹁𞤽𞤫𞥅𞤽𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤪𞤢𞤯𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤱𞤢𞤶𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤸𞤵𞤥𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 (𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫)⹁ 𞤱𞤮𞤪𞤧𞤵𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤣𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫…

𞤣/ 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤥: 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮⹁ 𞤷𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤺𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤱𞤫𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤵⹁ 𞤬𞤫𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 (𞤬𞤫𞤼𞤮)⹁ 𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤦𞤫𞤪𞤶𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤦𞤫𞤤𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤲'𞤶𞤢𞤪𞤳𞤢⹁ 𞤧𞤫𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤤𞤢𞤣𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤…

𞤫/ 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭: 𞤷𞤫𞥅𞤲𞤢𞤤(𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤲𞤮)⹁𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤣𞤭⹁ 𞤶𞤫𞤸𞤶𞤫𞤺𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤢𞤤𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤶𞤢𞤳𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤱𞤢𞤳𞤢 𞤶𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤵⹁ 𞤶𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞤢⹁ 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤫𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮(𞤳𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤱𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤼𞤢𞤷𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫)⹁  𞤳𞤢𞤪𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤰𞤮𞤤(𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤼𞤭𞤽𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤫)… 𞤉𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤭 𞤼𞤫𞤧𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫 𞤯𞤮 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤣𞤫 𞤺𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞤧𞤫⁏ 𞤫𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤼𞤫𞤧𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤚𞤢𞤬𞤧𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤵 𞤔𞤋𞤘𞥆𞤌 (𞤴𞤮𞥅 𞤘𞤉𞤐𞤌 𞤴𞤵𞤪𞤥𞤮 𞤯𞤵𞤥)⹁ 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮 𞤸𞤫 𞤧𞤢𞤲𞤯𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞤃𞤭𞤧𞤭𞤪𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤬𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭 𞤸𞤫 𞤺𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤥𞤢

𞤉𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤭 𞤪𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤭𞤯𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫 𞤯𞤮⹁ 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤭 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤫𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤫𞤲 𞤥𞤫𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤬𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤺𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤭 𞤦𞤢𞤴𞤯𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤭𞤲𞤯𞤫 𞤳𞤵𞤯𞤭 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤯𞥆𞤫⹁ 𞤧𞤭𞤬𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞤶𞤢𞤱𞤣𞤭⹁ 𞤨𞤮𞤻𞤲'𞤣𞤭 (𞤸𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤻𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤢𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫) 𞤫 𞤲𞤫𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤭 (𞤸𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫)⹁ 𞤳𞤫𞤲𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤭⹁ 𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤫𞤳𞤲…

𞤉𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤭 𞤱𞤭𞤴𞤣𞤫 𞤯𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤣𞤫 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪/𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤽𞤢𞤪𞤯𞤵𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤. 𞤃𞤢𞥄 𞤢 𞤼𞤢𞤱 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤵𞥅𞤥 𞤢𞤣𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤭 𞤱𞤮𞤲 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤲 (𞤄𞤮𞥅𞤳𞤢𞤪 𞤚𞤭𞤶𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤐'𞤔𞤢𞥄𞤴) 𞤱𞤭𞤴𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤘𞤉𞤐𞤌 𞤼𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤭 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤸𞤫 𞤽𞤢𞤪𞤯𞤫𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤱𞤭𞤴𞤭 𞤴𞤭𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤢𞤤 “𞤳𞤮 𞤃𞤋𞥅𞤐 𞤼𞤢𞤺𞤢𞤲𞤭 𞤮𞤲 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤦𞤫𞤤𞤫 𞤮𞤯𞤮𞤲 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲𞤢 𞤩𞤫 𞤀𞤃”. 𞤉𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤭 𞤱𞤭𞤴𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤩𞤮𞥅𞤴𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 ⹁ 𞤄𞤮𞥅𞤳𞤢𞤪 𞤚𞤭𞤶𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤯𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤫 𞤭𞤧𞤪𞤢𞥄’𞤭𞥅𞤤𞤢𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤮 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤵𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫 𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤥𞤫𞤣𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤸𞤫 𞤸𞤫𞤦𞤪𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤢⹁ 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤭 𞤳𞤢𞤻𞤶𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞤤𞤢 𞤫𞤯𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤸𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪/𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤼𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞤱𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤮 𞤫 𞤼𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 (𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤶𞤭𞤯𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤢𞤣𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤯𞤮 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞤤 𞤼𞤮 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤥𞥆𞤭𞥅⹁ 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞤭 𞤥𞤮 𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤶𞤭𞥅𞤣𞤭).

𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤫𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤨𞤮𞤼𞤭 𞤵𞤧𞤼𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤦𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤸𞤢 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫𞤲 𞤧𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞤼𞥆𞤢𞤲 𞤱𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤴𞤫𞥅𞤧𞤮 𞤫 𞤣𞤢𞤯𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤵𞤤𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤫 𞤢𞤣𞤵𞤲𞤢 𞤳𞤫𞤧𞤮 𞤮. 𞤲'𞤦𞤫𞤤𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤵𞥅𞤲 𞤬𞤭𞤼𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤵 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤢 𞤩𞤢𞤥𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤯𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤯𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤯𞤫 𞤯𞤫 𞤲𞤭. 𞤅𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤤𞤭𞤥𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢 𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤯𞤫 𞤣𞤢𞤯𞤮𞥅𞤶𞤫 𞤯𞤮 𞤫 𞥒𞥐𞥓𞥖 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤥𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞤴 𞤧𞤮 𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭.

𞤑𞤢𞤻𞤵𞤥 𞤲𞤭⹁ 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤳𞤮⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞤴 𞤧𞤭𞤲𞥆𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤭⹁ 𞤸𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞤥 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤩𞤫 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭𞤯𞤢𞤥. 𞤑𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤩𞤫 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤱𞤢𞤴𞤭 𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤲. 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤫𞤲 𞤨𞤮𞤼𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞤯-𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤨𞤮𞤼-𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤣𞤫 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤫𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤭 𞤷𞤢𞤯𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤫:




#Article 61: Pullo/adlam (600 words)


𞤆𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤮 (𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤳𞤮 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫) 𞤳𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤻𞤮𞤤 𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 (𞤣𞤵𞤪𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫) 𞤸𞤮𞤯𞤵𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤅𞤢𞤸𞤫𞤤 𞤼𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤅𞤢𞤸𞤢𞤪𞤢. 𞤖𞤭𞤩𞤫 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤫𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞥑𞥕 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤖𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫⹁ 𞤴𞤮𞤺𞤢 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤶𞥆𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭⹁ 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤖𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭 𞤴𞤫𞤪𞤵 𞤕𞤢𞥄𞤣⹁ 𞤐'𞤁𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤅𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤪𞤢𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤫 𞤅𞤵𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲. 𞤑𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤤 𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤳𞤮 𞤫𞤺𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤵 𞤲'𞤣𞤵 𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤯𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤭𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤢 𞤲𞤢ʼ𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤯𞤭𞤲 𞤸𞤵𞤯𞤮 𞤫 𞤲'𞤶𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤥. 

𞤖𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤲𞤮𞤲 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞥅 𞤢𞤷𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞤥 𞤫𞤺𞥆𞤢-𞤸𞤮𞤯𞤢 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤼𞤢𞤦𞤭𞤼𞤭 𞤫 𞤲𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤶𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤭 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤣𞤫𞤥𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤲'𞤶𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤺𞤵 𞤼𞤮 𞤷𞤢ʼ𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤯𞤫 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤖𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫. 𞤖𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤤𞤭𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤽𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤-𞤃𞤮𞤪𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤭 (𞤸𞤭𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤭ʼ𞤫𞥅 𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤲 𞤅𞤵𞥅𞤦𞤢𞤤𞤩𞤫) 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞤻𞤵𞤥 𞤫 𞤻𞤫𞥅𞤻𞤵𞤩𞤫. 𞤖𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤯𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤢𞤤 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤶𞤵𞥅𞤤𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤭ʼ𞤫𞥅 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤸𞤭𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤯𞤫 𞤖𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫-𞤀𞤼𞤤𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤭𞤳.

𞤍𞤵𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢 𞤲𞤮 𞤧𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤱𞤢𞥄 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤱𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤼𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤭. 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤥𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤭𞤤𞤭𞤴𞤮𞤲'𞤶𞤭 𞥑𞥖 𞤫 𞤥𞤭𞤤𞤭𞤴𞤮𞤲'𞤶𞤭 𞥒𞥕 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞥒𞥖.

𞤍𞤵𞤥 𞤧𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤣𞤫𞤬𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤂ʼ𞤖𞤭𞤧𞤼𞤮𞤭𞤪𞤫 𞤣𞤫𞤧 𞤆𞤫𞤵𞤤𞤧 𞤊é𞤪𞤮𞤦é 𞤣𞤵 𞤁𞤭𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤪é⹁ 𞤃𞤢𞤪𞤮𞤵𞤢 𞤫𞤼 𞤆𞤫𞤼𞥆é⹁ 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤉. 𞤃𞤮𞤸𞤢𞤥𞥆𞤢𞤣𞤵 𞤴𞤢𞤤𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤭 𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥗𞥖 𞤷𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤢𞤤 𞤴𞤫𞤱𞤼𞤭𞤣𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫.
𞤃𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤫⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤳𞤮 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤢𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤅𞤵𞤲𞤶𞤢𞤼𞤢 𞤑𞤫𞤴𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤷𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤫 𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤥𞤫𞤣𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥓𞤩𞤫𞤪𞤫. 𞤓𞤳𞤦𞤢 𞤄𞤫𞤲 𞤐𞤢𞤬𞤭 (𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤓𞤹𞤦𞤢 𞤋𞤦𞤲 𞤐𞤢𞤬𞤭) 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤯𞤮 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤵 𞤤𞤭𞤧𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤫 𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤥𞤫𞤣𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞥗𞤩𞤫𞤪𞤫. 𞤑𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮 𞤣𞤢𞤸𞤭 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞤿𞤪𞤭𞤦𞤭 𞤯𞤫𞤲. 
𞤅𞤭𞤳𞥆𞤫 𞤢𞤤𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤳𞤮𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤶𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤯𞤮𞥅 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤓𞤳𞤦𞤢 𞤄𞤫𞤲 𞤐𞤢𞤬𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤀𞥄𞤪𞤢𞤦𞤮⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤮 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅. 𞤏𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤲𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭⹁ 𞤧𞤭 𞤮 𞤢𞤪𞤭𞥅 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤚𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤮 𞤮 𞤪𞤫𞤧𞤭𞥅 𞤣𞤫𞤦𞥆𞤮 𞤅𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮⹁ 𞤮𞥅𞤲 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤧𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤱𞤤𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅. 𞤅𞤭 𞤩𞤭𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤱𞤤𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤢𞤦𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤧𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤧𞤭𞤳𞥆𞤫 𞤢𞤤𞤢𞥄 𞤳𞤮 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤻𞤮𞤤 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤢𞤣𞤭𞥅 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤓𞤳𞤦𞤢 𞤸𞤫𞤱𞤼𞤭 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤚𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤮 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤲𞤫𞤯𞥆𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞤷𞥆𞤢𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤯𞤮 𞤥𞤵𞤥. 𞤊𞤢𞤸𞤭𞤲⹁ 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤱𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤼𞤮𞤤 𞤢𞤤𞤧𞤭𞤤𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵 𞤩𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞤴 𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮 𞤧𞤭𞤬𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭 𞤶𞤭𞤨𞥆𞤢𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤓𞤳𞤦𞤢 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤚𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤮. 𞤉 𞤳𞤮 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤧𞤭𞤳𞥆𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤲⹁ 𞤓𞤳𞤦𞤢 𞤬𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞤿𞤪𞤭𞤦𞤭 𞤯𞤫𞤲. 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤲𞤮𞤲 𞤸𞤢𞤴 𞤧𞤭 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤭𞥅 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤶𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤮𞤤 𞤼𞤵𞥅𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭 𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤧𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤭⹁ 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞤪𞤭 𞤭𞤱𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤯𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤵𞤯𞤭. 𞤑𞤮 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤱𞤭𞤯𞤼𞤮𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤱𞤭𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤬𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞥅. 𞤖𞤫𞤲𞤪𞤭 𞤂𞤸𞤮𞤼𞤫⹁ 𞤱𞤭𞤯𞤼𞤮𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤯𞤮 𞤬𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤱𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤣𞤫𞤬𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤤ʼ𞤫𞤿𞤼𞤪𞤢𞤮𞤪𞤣𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤭𞤪𞤫 𞤢𞤾𞤫𞤲𞤼𞤵𞤪𞤫 𞤣𞤫𞤧 𞤆𞤫𞤵𞤤𞤧 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞤼𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤥ʼ𞤫𞤲 𞤴𞤭ʼ𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅 𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤰𞤫 𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤅𞤢𞤸𞤢𞤪𞤢⹁ 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤰𞤫 𞤚𞤢𞤧𞤭𞤤𞤭. 𞤉 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮⹁ 𞤸𞤭𞤩𞤫 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤫𞤷𞤮𞤨𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤳𞤵𞥃𞤭𞤼𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤸𞤮𞤯𞤵𞤯𞤭 𞤬𞤵𞤲𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫. 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤯𞤭𞥅𞤲 𞤤𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤬𞤮𞤱 𞤳𞤮 𞤊𞤵𞤲𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫 𞤖𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭 (𞤃𞤮𞤴𞤫𞤲-𞤌𞤪𞤭𞤫𞤲𞤼) 𞤭𞤱𞤪𞤭 𞤢𞤪𞤭 𞤶𞤭𞤤𞥆𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢𞤲'𞤶𞤭. 𞤏𞤭𞤯𞤼𞤮𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤯𞤮 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤮⹁ 𞤁𞤪. 𞤀𞤦𞤵𞥅𞤦𞤢𞤳𞤪𞤭 𞤂𞤢𞥄𞤥 𞤳𞤢𞤻𞤵𞤥 𞤫 𞤃𞤭𞤧𞤪𞤢 𞤑𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤼𞤵𞥅𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫. 𞤃𞤵𞤳𞤢𞤪𞤮𞤾𞤧𞤳𞤴⹁ 𞤱𞤭𞤯𞤼𞤮𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤯𞤮 𞤮𞤼𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤧𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤧𞤭𞤳𞥆𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤭𞤧𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤲'𞤺 (𞤴𞤫𞤪𞤵 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫 𞤺𞤮ʼ𞤮 𞤯𞤫 𞤮 𞤤𞤭𞤥𞤼𞤭 𞤫 𞤣𞤫𞤬𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤁𞤭𞤫 𞤘𞤪𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤤𞤢𞤺𞤫𞤲 𞤣𞤫𞤧 𞤊𞤵𞤤 𞤵𞤲'𞤣 𞤣𞤢𞤧 𞤃𞤢𞤵𞤪𞤫𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤭𞤧𞤷𞤸𞤫 𞤴𞤢𞤤𞤼𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥖𞥓) 𞤲𞤮 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤫⹁ 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤭𞤧𞤪𞤢 𞤑𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫.  𞤏𞤭𞤯𞤼𞤮𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤯𞤮 𞤬𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤀𞤤𞤢𞤭𞤲 𞤀𞤲𞤧𞤫𞤤𞤢𞤭𞤲 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤧𞤭𞤳𞥆𞤭 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤃𞤭𞤧𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤊𞤵𞤲𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫-𞤐𞤢𞤲𞤮. 𞤌 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤫 𞤣𞤫𞤬𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤂𞤢 𞤗𞤵𞤫𞤧𞤼𞤭𞤮𞤲 𞤆𞤫𞤵𞤤𞤫 (𞥑𞥙𞥘𞥒). 𞤖𞤭𞤥𞤮 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤼𞤭 𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲 𞤯𞤮𞤲 𞤧𞤫𞤲𞤺𞤮 𞤖𞤫𞤲𞤪𞤭 𞤂𞤸𞤮𞤼𞤫 𞤥𞤮 𞤢𞤣𞤭-𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤤𞤭𞤥𞤼𞤵𞤣𞤫.
𞤐𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤱𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤧𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤮𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤖𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫 𞤤𞤵𞤼𞥆𞤵𞤯𞤭 𞤯𞤭𞤲⹁ 𞤬𞤢𞤸𞤭𞤲 𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤿𞤢 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤮 𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤮𞥅𞤲 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤵 𞤬𞤵𞤯𞥆𞤭𞥅 : 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤘𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤵𞤯𞥆𞤢𞥄 𞤶𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤿𞤢⹁ 𞤩𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤤𞤢𞤲𞤷𞤭𞤳𞤫⹁ 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤤𞤢 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤮𞤲⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤳𞤮 𞤂𞤢𞥄𞤥-𞤚𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤚𞤫𞤳𞤪𞤵𞤪 𞤸𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤲𞤮 𞤀𞥄𞤪𞤢𞤦𞤵𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤱𞤭’𞤭𞤪𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤲𞤮𞤲⹁ 𞤬𞤫𞥅𞤻𞤭 𞤫 𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤. 𞤑𞤮 𞤯𞤮𞤲 𞤩𞤫 𞤭𞤱𞤭 𞤩𞤫 𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤫 𞤲𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤭𞥅𞤯𞤭 𞤯𞤭𞤲.  𞤍𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭⹁ 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤬𞤮𞤼𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤢 𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤯𞤫 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤖𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤲'𞤶𞤮𞤤𞤬𞤮 𞤫 𞤧𞤫𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤪⹁ 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤯𞤫 𞤦𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤵⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤲𞤮 𞤴𞤭’𞤮𞥅 𞤫 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤢𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤨𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞤯𞤫 (𞤷𞤤𞤢𞤧𞥆𞤫𞤧 𞤲𞤮𞤥𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤤𞤫𞤧) 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤭 𞤴𞤢𞤻𞥆𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤳𞤮𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤢𞤤 (𞤾𞤫𞤪𞤦𞤫).




#Article 62: Ndimaagu/adlam (108 words)


𞤑𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤱𞤭 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄 𞤧𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤦𞤭𞥅𞤯𞤮 𞤖𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤢𞤥 𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭𞥅 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤲'𞤺𞤢. 𞥟 𞤑𞤮 𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤼𞤢𞤼𞤢 𞤸𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭 𞤼𞤮 𞤯𞤭 𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅 𞤼𞤮𞥅؟ 𞥟 𞤑𞤢𞤲'𞤶𞤭 𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭 𞤯𞤭𞥅 𞤫𞤯𞤭 𞤲𞤭:

𞤍𞤭𞥅 𞤳𞤢𞤪𞤥𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤭 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤳𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤭𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤮𞥅؟ 𞤑𞤮 𞤢𞤣𞤢𞤲⹁ 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤮 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞥆𞤢 𞤫 𞤻𞤢𞤤𞤢𞤱𞤥𞤢. 𞤩𞤫 𞤻𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤮𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤢. 𞤇𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤮𞤪𞤮𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤴𞤮𞤲𞤢𞤼𞤢 𞤩𞤫. 𞤖𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤭𞤤𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤪𞤼𞤢⹁ 𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤤𞤮𞥅 𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤢𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞤼𞤮𞤶𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫.

𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤲𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤺𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤥 𞤸𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤺𞤢𞤷𞥆𞤫. 𞤩𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤢𞤼𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞤯𞤢𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤳𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞤪𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤭𞥅. 𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤵 𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤢.

𞤑𞤮 𞤴𞤢𞤱𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤣𞤢𞤻𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤧𞤣𞤫 𞤤𞤮𞤲𞤺𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤱𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫. 𞤑𞤮 𞤮 𞤶𞤮𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤲𞤭𞥅𞤯𞤮 𞤶𞤭𞤯𞤲𞤭𞥅𞤯𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤥 𞤳𞤮 𞤲𞤢𞤬𞤮𞥅𞤱𞤮 𞤮 𞤤𞤮𞤪𞤤𞤢𞤼𞤢𞥄. 𞤁𞤭𞤥𞤮 𞤲𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤲𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤭 𞤥𞤮𞤰𞥆𞤭𞤪𞤭.

𞤐'𞤁𞤫𞥅𞤲 𞤧𞤮𞤳𞤤𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤮𞥅 𞤲𞤫𞤯𞥆𞤮 𞤳𞤮 𞤻𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤳𞤮𞤤𞤼𞤵 𞤫 𞤸𞤮𞤯𞤮𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤲𞤢 𞤲𞤫𞤱𞤭𞤲𞤮𞥅.




#Article 63: Fuuta Jaloo/adlam (301 words)


𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭 (𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤳𞤮: 𞤦𞤵𞤪𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫) 𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤫 (𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤢𞤤: 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤫) 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤶𞤮𞥅𞤲𞤭 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤳𞤢𞤤𞤢 𞤧𞤵𞤲𞥆𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤦𞤵𞤪𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤻𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤭 𞤫 𞤬𞤵𞤲𞤺𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲. 𞤊𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤮 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤲'𞤺𞤮 𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤱𞤣𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲 𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤭’𞤫𞥅 𞤊𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤮 𞤂𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤢⹁ 𞤸𞤭𞤲'𞤺𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞤱𞤼𞤢 𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞥑𞥕𞥑𞥕. 

𞤉 𞤲'𞤣𞤵𞤲𞤺𞤵 (𞤭𞤼𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤱𞤪𞤵 𞤢𞤱𞤪𞤭𞤤 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤮𞤼𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤲'𞤦𞤵𞤪)⹁ 𞤼𞤮𞤩𞤮 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤭 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅. 𞤕𞤢𞤲𞤯𞤭 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭⹁ 𞤴𞤮𞤺𞤢 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤫 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤯𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤲𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤁𞤭𞤥𞥆𞤢𞤱𞤮𞤤 (𞤷𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤁𞤭𞤥𞥆𞤢) 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤼𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤘𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤭⹁ 𞤩𞤢𞤤𞤫𞤱𞤮𞤤 (𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤩𞤢𞤤𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤮) 𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤬𞤮𞤱 𞤳𞤮 𞤼𞤮𞤲 𞤼𞤵𞤦𞥆𞤭. 𞤒𞤮𞤺𞤢 𞤫 𞤷𞤢𞤲𞤯𞤭 𞤺𞤮’𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤑𞤵𞤲𞤳𞤵𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤑𞤮𞤤𞤫𞤲𞤼𞤫𞤲 𞤫𞤳𞤲. 
𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤭 𞤬𞤮𞤼𞤢 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤖𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤥 𞤷𞤢𞤲𞤯𞤭 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤥.

Ny𞤢𞤥𞤪𞤭 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤵𞤲𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤳𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤮⹁ 𞤬𞤮𞤻𞥆𞤫⹁ 𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤦𞤢 𞤳𞤢𞤻𞤵𞤥 𞤫 𞤳𞤵𞥅𞤧𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤨𞥆𞤫 𞤫 𞤶𞤢𞥄𞤦𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤫 𞤨𞤵𞤼𞤫𞥅. 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤢𞤷𞥆𞤭𞥅𞤲𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞤥 𞤫𞤺𞥆𞤢-𞤸𞤮𞤯𞤢 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤶𞤮𞥅𞤲𞤭 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵 𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤭. 𞤒𞤵𞤲𞤺𞤮 𞤤𞤭𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢.

𞤊𞤭𞥅 𞤣𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤨𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤮 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵⹁ 𞤼𞤵𞥅𞤺𞤭𞤲𞤮𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤢𞤤𞤬𞤭𞤲𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤷𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤭 𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭⹁ 𞤅𞤮𞤪𞤭𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤀𞤤𞤬𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞤨𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤭 𞤧𞤵𞥅𞤣𞤵 𞤳𞤢𞤤𞤢 𞤣𞤵𞥅𞤩𞤭 𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭. 𞤐'𞤘𞤢𞤤 𞤤𞤮𞤥𞤼𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢𞤤 𞤳𞤢 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤸𞤢𞤯𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤬𞤭𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤷𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤭 𞤯𞤭𞤲 𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭. 𞤐'𞤁𞤫 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤲'𞤶𞤵𞤩𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤬𞤫𞤣𞤫𞤪𞤢𞤧𞤭𞤴𞤮𞤲⹁ 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤲𞤮 𞤶𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤼𞤵𞤲 𞤸𞤫𞤩𞤼𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤺𞤫𞤩𞤮𞤴 𞤺𞤫𞤩𞤮𞤴 𞤫 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤳𞤢 𞤳𞤢𞤲. 𞤑𞤮 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤤𞤮’𞤭𞤲𞤭 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤱𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤭 𞤊𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤. 𞤕𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤮𞥅𞤤𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤳𞤢 𞤸𞤢𞤪𞤫 𞤆𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢 𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥘𞥙𞥖⹁ 𞤩𞤫 𞤦𞤮𞤲𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭 𞤢𞤤𞤥𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤩𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞤲𞤷𞤭 𞤴𞤵𞤩𞥆𞤮 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤪𞤮𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲. 𞤑𞤮 𞤯𞤮𞤲 𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤳𞤢 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤼𞤭𞥅𞤯𞤮 𞤮𞤲 𞤼𞤭𞤥𞥆𞤭 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤮𞤲 𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤢 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤴𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤵𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤭𞤲𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤢𞥄.

𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤺𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤢𞤤 𞤫 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤲𞤢 𞤫 𞤨𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤤 𞤫 𞤯𞤭𞤲 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭. 𞤉𞤲 𞤤𞤭𞤥𞤼𞤢𞤴 𞤴𞤮𞤺𞤢 𞤫 𞤷𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤳𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤥𞤮𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞤭𞤴𞥆𞤵𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤵𞤩𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮: 𞤕𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤮 𞤀𞤤𞤭𞤴𞥆𞤵 𞤘𞤮𞤥𞤦𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤕𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤮 𞤀𞤤𞤭𞤴𞥆𞤵 𞤇𞤵𞥅𞤩𞤢 𞤐'𞤁𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤥⹁ 𞤕𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤮 𞤅𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤵 𞤁𞤢𞤤𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤕𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤮 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤼𞤵 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤧𞤭⹁ 𞤕𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤮 𞤅𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤢 𞤃𞤮𞤥𞤦𞤫𞤴𞤢𞥄. 𞤇𞤫𞤲 𞤷𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤬𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤣𞤫𞤬𞤼𞤫 𞤯𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤵𞤯𞤫 𞤫 𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤢𞤦𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞤻𞤵𞤥 𞤫 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪⹁ 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤣𞤫𞤬𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤲𞤢 𞤤𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤌𞥅𞤺𞤭𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞤤𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤕𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤮 𞤅𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤢 𞤃𞤮𞤥𞤦𞤫𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤫 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪.

 

S. G. T




#Article 64: Wodondirugol (929 words)


E duubi yawtudi yimbe yihii ñabbeli rabbodi hewudi hino saaki e deer aduna on fow. din ñabbeli ko e kulle iwii hino rabba cooli e kuule godde nde wonde nde bibbe ñaawu hino wawi kddi raabude yimbe  ko dun woni rabbodirugol hakkude neddo e neddo. ko dun innetee rabbugol zoonotic sabbu ko e kulle iwii.

Wodondirugol (wietee distance physique) hino twa e feere duytugol maa reenagol ñabbeli siifa korona. Distanciation physique  ko woddagol yimbe ben be fotaa fotude e jamaa' madun rentagol  natude e nder yimbe hewube si tawi hino waawi wonude.  Doctor Jeff kwong ko o jooma gandal fii ko yehi e ñabbeli rabbodi  e universite Toronto ko on wi'ii woo yimbe ben fotii woddodirude fii rentagol ñawu ngun kono wona fii wondema ontigi on suddoto hara yaltaani. jooma gande en hebbi feere  no yimbe Ben humpodirta hara be battodiraani. 

Fii famugol golle distanciation sociale en daaray golle ko jooma gandal en fewnii ko yehi e mun. E den golle ,  konti wadaama fii  darnugol covid-19 e hittande 2019/2020. konti fudaama gila leydi chine, ko nawnaare den fuddi don  e kaddi ndaarugol ko honno nawnaare  COVID-19 hewtiiri haa Afrik du sud.  dun waalii e andugol nafoore woddodirugol maa distanciation sociale  fii daarnugol raabugol COVID-19. Jannde wadaama fii no boneeji woddodirugol reenirte.

Nabbeli rabbodi wano covid 19 no raabira  e sifaaji taati.Din sifaaji hino winnda ley.

Joma gande fii ñabbeli din be wi'ii nawnaare den ko laabi tati  nde wayloto . Si a ndaari laawol makko , a yihay maddeji hollaydi  ko yimbe njello newnaare den raabi e ko honno de raabirii be. 

Itam terelin yi may nañu ñi ngank nguur gi gir  ñu berr yenn nit yi.Matukay yi ñu jel ci wallu berr nit yi dafay tax ba nit yi ñu japp ni am nañu doomu jangoro ji wala ñu laale ak ku ko am ñu berr leen ci benn giir. Dafay tax ñu mena beddi nit yi am mbass mi ci nit yi ko amul.

Terelin yi ñu jel yepp tax na ba mbass mi di COVID-19 lawam gaawul torop tek ci wañeku bu baax wante reewum Afrique du Sud ci adduna wengel kep ñoo jiitu ci wallum xeex mbass mi. Waa Afrique du Sud toppuñu njangat bi am ci wallu mbass li jem ci mungi yek wall mungi wacc. Dañu jeggi ñaarelu pacc mbass mi ndaxte amuñuwoon yokkute ci mbass mi wante itam jankontewuñu ak wallante bu gaaw ci diggante nit ak nit ci benn gox. Xayma bi ñu def ci lim u ñinga xamantani amoon nañu doomu jangoro bi joggena ci ñint fukk ak ñaar ci xayma dem ci  ñint ci xayma gannaaw bañu fonke ak jeffe terelin yooyu. Li dafa wane ni wallante ci diggante nit ak nit ci benn gox dafa wañeku bu baaxa baax loolu moo tax ba limu ñi am mbass mi wañeku bu baaxa bax.

Waa dekk bi danu yabal ay fajj kat yu seen xam xam macc ci wergu yaram u nit yi nekk ci dekk dekkan yi pur defal leen ay test ci ker gu nekk ci gox goxan yi.

Njitum rew ma, Cyril Ramaphosa dafa wax ak waa askanam ci jumtukay bu melni televisiong ci bessu juroom ñint fan ci weer u Avril atum ñaari juni at ak ñaari fukk pur wax ci matuwaay yi dekk ba jel munileen:

Fajj kat yi seen xam xam macc ci wallu feebar yi di walle neenañu mbass mi mungi fii ba tay wallante bi men na nekk ba tay. Wante terelin yi nguur gi jel tax na ba wallante bi wañeku bu baaxa baax te loolu taxna ba ñu am jot bu baax pur jublu ci leneen. Moo tax nak dinanu jemma xol nuñuy yolomale terelin yi ñu tenkoon.

COVID-19 feebar la bo xamantani werr na adduna bi yepp gannaaw banu xame ni nit yi ko njekka am ci dekk bu tudd Wuhan ci reewum Chine ci jextal u atum ñaari juni at  ak fukk ak juroom ñint. Kangam u Chinois yi senn xam xam macc ci wallu wergu yaram xay ma nañu ñaari fanna yo xamantani men na tax ñu xeex jangoro bi rawatina wergu yaram u nit yi di nekk ci bereb yi di nit yi di dajee:( 1) Saytu ak fagaru ci mbass mi itam (2) amal ay gestu ci wallu xam xam ci wallu mbass mi. Kangamu Chinois yi ci wallu wergu yaram def nañu liggeey bu yemm manna ba tax ñu xam xeetu Coronavirus bi ba taxna bankas bi ngank wallu wergu yaram ci aduna bi fexe na ba ñu jakarlo ak mbass mi am ci atum ñaari juni at ak ñaari fukk jem ci wallu xeex ko.

Wallu sorriwante bi diggante nit ak nit wane ni am na njariñ loolu ci li jem ci wallu xeex mbass mi com niko reewum Afrik du Sud defe.Kurel yi tenk wallu doxalinu mbass mi ak itam naka lañuy  fagaro neenañu am na solo torop ñuy degante ak sunuy am di jamm, sunuy xarit, sunuy njabot, sunuy waa ker ndaxte men na nek ci telephon nuy wootante wala appel video ndaxte ñaak gissante ak nit ki nga begg yombul loolu te li ko waral du lenn ludul sorriwante bi. Kangam yi di yengu ci wallu wergu yaram neenañu ñuy genna bayante xel ci jamono yi nga xamantani nit yi dañuy jaxaso loolu ndax ragal gannaaw ba mbass mi nekkee fepp ci aduna ndaxte nit ku nekk am na numuy dunde sunu tolo ci jamono yu mel ni ba taxna ku nekk war na di bayi xel moromom pur ñu menna jefflante ak jafejafe feebar u yumu menna juur.




#Article 65: Nawnaare korona hitande 2019 (430 words)


Nawnaare Korona hitande 2019 (COVID-19) nde anduda hino wawi rabude si ontigi on battike jogiido biddo nawnaare den(Dupu e korona 2) o rabora wobbe. Biddo nawnaare den hino waawi hebede si tawi tun ontigi battike wondudo e biddo nawnaare den madun si ontigi memii piiji jogiidi nawnaare den madun memugol gitte, kine e hunduko. Fayda biddo nawnare den hino rabira e koyaltata e huduko, kinal madun si tawi ontigi hino doyyude madun illude. kala battido(buri fandude fayda meteer 1,8) hino wawii rabude godo nawnaare den. kono kadi ontigi hino wawii hebude nawnaare den si tawi o memii piiyi marude biddo nawnaare den madun memugol gitte den, kine den, noppi din e si o sodaaki haa labi.

Nawnaare den  ata yiede ko e sare wietede Wuhan e leydi chine e fudaade hitannde 2019. Gila den nawnaare den yehii e aduna o fow . E lewru march hitannde 2020 fodde fi cellal aduna on holiri ko pandemik. Pandemik woni ko nawnaare rabode wonude e aduna on fow. Yesoyo fedde cellal e nder aduna on, Tedors Adnahom Gherbreyesus maaki nawnaare den wonata tun cadelle fii cellal kono memay caldi leydi ndin fow. Mo kala ka woni fottii tawede fii habudugol e nde nawnaare.

E lewru Awril hittande 2020 Yimbe 1845 joiibe korona e leydi Afrik du sud. nawnaare den warii yimbe sappo e jeetati, tawii yimbe 45 selliino feren. Dental fii cellal ka leydi mabbe wii,  jande hollii yimbe temedere e 60 hebay nawnaare den e Afrik du sud, kono be fow be nawnidaata. Fii wantaol yili e nawnaare den sare den uduma gila mars 2020, kaddi presidan Ramaphosa wi'ii e 27 Mars 2020 yimbe 10 000 gollay be e cellal imminaama fii seytatagol yimbe ben ka galleji fii biddo nawnaare den.

Nawnaare den ko buuri hewde kon ko durma,wulu bandu,tampere e duppu nde ardata e nde wonde musu jokke, redu dogoru,daade saylode,durma e musu redu. Ko buri kon nawnaare den ko e nder lebbi didi  fenata ka bandu kono gobbe ko nder balde jowi. Naawnaare den si hewi ka bandu hino wawii bonude bandu dun. Si nawnaare tampini ontigi on haa haray koyo nabbe ka laptanie.

Doctorube ben ndaray ka nder kinal si tawi ontigi hino wondi e nawnaare den. Ko dun inneteenasalopharyngeal swag. Nawnaare nden no wawii andeede kadi si a wadii eskaneer  CT. Si goddo no marii biddo nawnaare den e nder bandu makko, be nabete ka loptanie e be potinay e sera kala mo nawnaani nden nawnaare mmadun sida. Ko gonga nini lekki mun alaa, kono yimbe buy ronkay mayude fii nawnaare den si be topitaama no fotiri non.




#Article 66: Gafakon (Maskuuji) yeeso paddorkon mboros koronawirus 2019-2020 (426 words)


Ɓoornagol maskuuji yeeso e waktu mboroos koronawirus 2019-2020 fawaama jaamirooje pelle keewɗe cellal renndo e laamuuji. Nde toɓɓere yeewtaama e dente cellal e laamuuji kono kawral alaa tuugnorgal e kuutoraagol gafakon yeeso. 

Huunde e dalillaaji ardiiɓe cellal Shiin kujjonorii yamirde yimɓe selluɓe nde ɓoornoto «maskuuji »  ngarata ɗo les ɗo :

Ganndo wirusyaŋke to Dudal-jaaɓi-haaɗtirnde « Uniwersite Liids », Stephen Griffin, wii: “Ɓoornagol «maskuuji » ina ustaa  kulkuli daaɓgol gummoriiɗi e memde yeeso mum, koko ɓuri waawde addude ndaɓor so tawi woodaani laaɓal moƴƴal juuɗe. 

Mask yeeso peewniraaɗo bagi cañiraaɗo e ko ɓuri heewde wiro (koton) curoowo hunoko e kine. E ɗi luutondiri e maskuuji opirooɓe (shirirursi) e haralleeɓe masiŋaaji,  ɗi ɗooftaaki sardiyeeji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. Wiɗto heewaani  ko waaɗaa e oo sifaa  mask, ngam ɓetde kattande kaɗgol daaɓgol ñabbuuji walla caɗeele luuɓgol  e cuurkeeje weeyo e taariindi men. 

Mask oppirooɓe (shirirursi) ko kuutorgel beddeteengel  mbaɗowel keerol hakkunde hunuko e hinere ɓorniiɗo e fotɓe waawde raaɓde e taariindi makko ɓaɗtiindi. Mask oppirooɓe feewnira ngam wallude dartinde mbaade ɓutte, cirjon, takkawon e kuutorɗe doktoor mbaawɗe heddude « wirussaaji » e « bakteruuji », so tawi ɓornaama no fotiri nih, maa haɗ  ñoŋkotooji yettaade hunuko e hinere ɓorniiɗo ɗum oo. Ɗii maskuuji ina kaɗa sarde tuutaaɗe, ñitte e kala ko ummii e foofaango joom mum feewde e woɗɓe. Mask oppirooɓe (shirirursi) waawa dartinde mbaadon cewkon ngardowon e henndu ɗojjo, islaango walla gollorɗe doktoor. Maskuuji oppirooɓe (shirirursi) timminaani kaɗgol  jettingol dartinde wirisaaji e geɗon cewkon ndaaɓowon sabu certugol patareeje ɗakkandiranooɗe (ngal nder e ngal bowal). Bagi peewniraaɗo Mask oppirooɓe (shirirursi) wonaa cañaaɗo kono ko e kedde geɗe.

Mask N95, ko mask poofirɗo ceggoowo henndu, dartintu kala ko sewaani no henndu, omo nootii e ñaawoore gollorgal toowngal ngenndi Amerik  (« dUs National Institute ») deenndangal kisal e cellal liggotooɓe. Mask N95 ina dartina ko ɓuri famɗude 95% geɗon coomikon e henndu tawa jeyaaka e mum. Ko ɗum bata ceggirɗo no masiŋ « respiratëer » dartinoowo  kala genɗon cukkowon foofaango. No Mask oppirooɓe (shirirursi), Mask N95 feewnira ko bagi « polypropylene » (wonaa cañaaɗo). Oo Mask yeeso foti ko e «masiŋ respiratëer » e nder leyɗeele ndennduɗi Orop FFP2.

Pelle Cellal jamirii  yimɓe yo cukku hunuko e hinere e huutoraade foloŋtoru hofaandu walla sarbet so ina ɗojja walla ina isla e weddaade sarbet ɗoon e ɗoon (ko ɓuri yaawde).

Maskuuji oppirooɓe (shirirursi) ɓuri teeŋtinaade wonɓe e nokkuuji mbaɗɗi raaɓaaɓe walla cikkaaɗi sabu ɓoornagol mask ina usta daaɓgol e kaalgol walla ɗojjugol walla ina islaango.

Waasiyaaji FHC (OMS) feewde cellal renndo sabu COVID-19 ko yamirde kuutaraagol maskuuji e dooftaade  ɗee ɗo Jamirooje :




#Article 67: Ñabbu carotooɗo e hendu (487 words)


Ñabbu carotooɗo e hendu sabobinta ɗum ko bikkon tokoson gonooɗi e hendu te ne mbaawi yahde to woɗɗi, ne mbaawi kadi wuurde ko ɓóóyi.  Sifaa ñabbu nguuɗoo noon ene heɓa yimɓe ɓee e jawdi ndii. Ñabbu ngu ene waawi wonde wiris, bakteri e ko nandi heen, kañum noon ene waawi raaɓondireede e foofde, haalde, ɗojjude, islude, pundi, fuufde ndiyam, yuppude ndiyam e taarorde e kala ko waawi sarde bikkon tokoson.

Sahaa bikkon tokoso carotooɗi ene mbaawi ɓuutnude kine, daande, e jofe, ene mbaawi kadi addude cadeele ɗojjo, daande muusore, e goɗɗe maale mbaawdi jaggude ɓalndu nduu fof. 

Ñabbuuji keewɗi ene caroo e hendu haa ndaaɓondiree hono: korona, measles morbillivirus, amumal; tiberkiloos, influenza virus, enterovirus, norovirus. Won heen keewaani saraade e hendu kene ene waawi wonde, hono “adenovirus” e kala ko nanngata poofaali.Sifaa ñabbu nguuɗoo sene safree, ene heewi ko gooto fof e jofe ɗiɗe ɗee cafretee safaaro hoore mum, safaaro ceerndaaɗo. 

Ñabbuuji ɓiyeteedi “airborne” ko ñabbuji daabondirteeɗi e carugol e hendu. Ñabbuuji ɗii ene mbaawi ummaade e ndiyam ngummii ɗam e ɓalndu neɗɗo ñawɗo walla jawdi ñaw ndi, walla salte hono mbalti. Mikorobuuji gaddooɗi ñabbu nguu ene mbiyee kadi pathogens. Pathogen woni bikkon tokkoson ɓaawde andude ñaw. Aɗe mbaawi sariraade e ko wiyetee aerosols (ko fuufetee e hendu), pundi walla ndiyam walla kala ko ilata, ngannduɗaa ene waawi heddaade e hendu ndu ko ɓooyi haa waawi yahde to woɗɗi. Yeru, so neɗɗo islii, islaagno makko ene waawi yahde haa ko foti no njuuteendi oto biis. 

Ñabbuuji carotooɗi e hendu ene mbaawi heɓde kadi jawdi ndi. Yéru, ñabbu “Newcastle” ko ñaw winderewal nangoowo jawdi galle hono geertooɗe e cólli, te ko e hendu ñabbu nguu rewata.

So neɗɗo celludo foofii bikkon tokoson gonɗe e hendu ndu walla so ɗe naatii e gite, hunuko, walla hinere jóómum tan o ñawat. Wanaa alaa e sago maa neɗɗo celluɗo ɓaɗoo neɗɗo mo sellaani walla o wonda e makko e nder suudu wóóturu nde o raaɓaamo ñabbu nguu. Nguléeki e ɓuuɓól gonooɗi boowal e gonooɗi e nder neɗɗo fof ene mbaawi yantude e daaɓondiral ñabbuuji carotooɗi e hendu. Hol heen geɗe goɗɗe baawɗe sarde bikkon tokoson hono heendu, toɓo, jikkuuji yimɓe ɓe e waasde laaɓal.

Hol heen geɗe baawɗi dandude e ñabbuuji carotooɗi e hendu hono fesaade, ɓoornaade mask e wóɗɗude yimɓe cikkaaɓe aɓe ngóndi e ñabbu.Wanaa alaa e sago saa baɗiima neɗɗo walla jawdi gónduɗo e ñaw carotooɗo e hendu tan a raaɓeete, sabu daaɓgól gól fawii ko e doole terɗe neɗɗo fof e potal bikkon tokoson ɗi o naatni e poofaali makko. 

Antibiyotik ene waawi huutoreede e cafrugól fuɗɗorde ñabbuuji carotooɗi e hendu hono mboros jofe “pneumonic plague”.

Anduɓe ko faati e cellal mbaajiima yimɓe yoo tiiɗno e laaɓal e góɗɗóndiral mbele daaɓondiral ñabbuuji carotooɗi e hendu ustoo.

Reentaade bikkon tokoson gaddooɗi ñabbuuji carotooɗi e hendu ene waawi wonde, kono noon so bikkon tokoson kon naati e neɗɗo haa parii alaa e sago o rafee. Geɗe baawɗe danduɗe e rafeede:




#Article 68: Winndannde fahtunde e mboros (1156 words)


Mboros ( e pulaar) ko helmere eggaande e haala geregnaabe. Mboros noon ko ñaw bonndo, jaawdo  haytaade e leydi walla diiwaan. Panndemi ene seerti e epidemi ene seerti kadi e anndemi. Epidemi ko rafi raaboowo himbe heewbe e diiwan kono ko dumunna dabbo. Anndeminoon raabgol mum ene hakindi teene huuptitinta Aduna fof e saha gooto, yeru mum ko mabbo 

Mboros ko rafi jaawdo raabde; jaado soorade e leydeele e huuptidinde Aduna. Wonaa rafi fof woni mboros. Gaa-gaa yaawde saraadende; mboros ko ñawu libbowu lelnoowu neddo, burkas Kanseeer ene wara heewbe kono noon wona mboros , sibu : ene leeli koyngal, raabata teene yaawaani libde burkas.

Jawngol ndaaboor epidemic e mboros ene jogi no anndirte eno betirte. Betirgal ndii rafiiji tuugnoto ko e gede didi: no foti yimbe daaba e ñialawma, e nder yontere wala lewru immam dum e nder hitaade. So tawii rafi o ene haylo ene ruba o diidante diidol laabtiniingol, kolliroogol taabaande e bosande makko.

Ko adiifof ciifol mako ngol ene not hollira no rafi fuddorto. 

Leydeele, laamuuji ene mbaawi darnude peejengam fadaade ummogol mboros. E hitaande 2005. Fedde Adunayankoore daraniide cellal (OMS) darni naawooje kese e ko fahte cellal. Koburi heewde e kaptorde e safaruuji habaade kovid-19 ngitta ko e naawooje ndeen deeftere 2005 ngam safrude mabboji jeftudi mbaadi mboros

Yeewtere yaajnannde wadaama e ko fahti e ko wyete feere 3T ( betde, safrude e rewindaade rafi).  E hitaande 2018 ko abbe 37,9 miliyon ndeddo kebii SIDA e nder Aduna oo fof. E hitaande 2018 SIDA wari ko abbee 770 000 neddo. E nder limoore Afrik worgo Sahara buri heen bonireede. E 2019 ko abi 61 e p c hebbe SIDA njeyaa e con diiwan.

Koronawirisuuji (Cov) njeyaa ko e fodde mawnde wirisaaji caaboto ci raaji tuggude mabbo haa yetti ñabbuji bonci nanngojoji foofaande to leydeele funnaange-Hakkundejejo(MERS-COV). Ene jeeya d dien ñiabbo e foofaandu , cengogol cattungol(SARS-CoV-2). Ko waylo-waylooru onn caabiido Koronawiris 2019, ganndiraado covid-19. Yogaaji e mborosaaji Koronaaji ngonata e nokku gooto. Ko Cuum wadi dum Koronaaji ndaabondirta ko hakkunde yimbe e jawdi( Kulnon). Wittooji teentudi kolliri wonde mboros SARS-CoV o ummi ko e civettes faya e yimbe.  civette namndi ko e : kero, daga wala cewngel jaawee. Ko noon kadi MERS-COV ummorte e geloodi fahya e yimbe. Koronawirisaaji ene heewi jeese. Mborosaaji Koronawirisaaji heewdi nena njirlo hakkunde kulle diin ndaabani yimbe tawo

Koronawiri hikka o , hono korona-wiris 2019 (ganndiraado Covid-19) ummori aduna o ko e wuro. Sine wiyeteengo Wuhan e diiwaan biyeteedo Hubei. Oon mboros Koronawiris 2019( COVID-19) fuddi ko e mayiirde lewru desammburu 2019. Oon mboros senoto ko e foofaandu ñiawma poofirde. E tuuknaade e duttorde Iniwersite John Hopkins, Njeeya e burbe loraade e co mboros. ñande 11 mars 2020, O.M.S anndini wonde no COVID-19 yahratani wonti mboros.  ñande 23 awiril 2020, COVID-19 raabi 2,63 miliyon neddo e nder aduna O. E oon saha maaybebe ngoni 184 249 neddo. sellube be ngoni 722 055.

Jontinooje hayloto ko e leydeede nguleeki lombidi hakkande njori toropik. Jontinoojo ene tabiti e nder huunde e Amerik, Asi e Afrik. Hitaande fof, jontinojo ene ñawna ko tolni 350 haa 500 miliyon neddo. Yoge e ledde walla safaruuyi natti waa-wande . Jotinooje tuggi 21 teemedannde ko ledde(safaaruji) jowitiide e artemisia a tan mbaawanie jotinooje.

E jamanuuji bennudi jotinoojje ene tawetenoo Orop wala bange rewo Amerik. Kononoon hannde jotinooje njatii diin diiwanuuji.  Jotinooje ene jeya eko libi laamu Roman. Ko duum wadi rafi o ene wiya rafi Roman. Palasmodioom falsiparom ko noo siyaas wiyata bondi. Jotinooje naati Amerik bannge rewo ko e saha  dahateegol baleebe nawanoobe toon.

Mabbo Español (1918 haa 1920) raabi 500 miliyon neddo e nder aduna . Nguum ñawu yettima haa e duundeedli joñidi to maayo pasifik e Arkatik.  Toon ngoo mabbo wari 20 haa 100 miliyon neddo. Ko heewi e mboros mabboji mbarata ko buri heewde ko sukaabe walla nayyebe . Oon rafi bonanaani sagataabe. Kono mabbo español buri bonande ko sukaabe e sagataabe. Mabbo español buri warde e geer gadano Aduna. E nder jonte 25 ngoon mabbo wari ko buri ko warno SIDA e nder duubi 25.   No eggu-eggooru soldateebe oon geer yante guddogue yimbe beydu donannde oon rafi. No yimbe dannorto hannde e aduna aduna o ene jeya ko beydata ndaabor rafiiji mboros.

Windande Mawnde Ndee: Bakteriiji Cuusɗi Lékki

Hol heen bakteriiji ɗe nganduɗaa ko ɓikkon tokoson méttuɗe warde. A ɗi mbaawi artirde ñabbuuji ɗi nganduɗa yimɓe daɗiino heen.  Yeru, won heen leɗɗe cafrannooɗe “tuberculose” te jooni nafataa hay huunde, haa ɗum hulɓinii liggotoobe e bangal cafrugol. Hitaande fof, ko foti e teemeɗe jóy ujunere yimɓe ene mbaawi heɓde oo ɗoon “tuberculose” (MDR-TB). Tubercolose biyeteeɗo MDR-TB ko “Chine” e “Inde” ɓuri heewde. Fedde tóppittooɗo ko faati e cellal e aduna oo fof (WHO) wii hedde milyoŋaaji cappande joy yimɓe e aduna fof ene ngonɗi e ñabbu MDR TB, 79% e maɓe ngonɗi ko e  bakteriiji cuusɗi leɗɗe, won heen ne cuusi sifaaji leɗɗe tati walla ko ɓuri ɗum. E hitaande 2005, yimɓe teemedere e noogaas e nay (124)keɓiino rafi oo e leydi Amerik (Etats-Unis). Goɗɗo sifaa “tuberculose” ene wiye (XDR TB) yiyaama Afrik e hitaande 2006, te caggal ɗum yiyaama kadi e léydiiji goɗɗi, hono léydi Amerik. Fedde tóppittooɗo ko faati e cellal e aduna oo fof (WHO) hiisiima ko foti e capanɗe nay ujunere (400000) yimɓe ene keɓa rafi XDR-TB hitaande fof.

E duubi noogaas jawtuɗe ɗee, bakteriiji baaɗi no Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens e Enterococcus, njéhii haa leɗɗe barooje bakteriiji hono vancomycin, aminoglycosides e cephalosporins nattii warde ɗi. Bakteriiji ɗe nganduɗaa ɗee ene métti warde ene njéyaa e sabaabuuji rafiiji ɗi neɗɗo waawi ittude opitaal (nosocomial). Kadi, e kitaale jawtuɗe ɗee ko ɓooyaani, won heen rafiiji gummotooɗi e dental yimɓe, hono sifaa Staphylococcus aureus mo nganduɗa ene suusi methicillin (MRSA), te jooni ene heewi heɓde yimɓe celluɓe ɓe.

Ñabbu Jaggoowo Terɗe keewɗe (“Viral hemorrhagic fevers”) ko paawngal jaawngal raaɓirde, kadi jaawngal warde. Yeru: ko wayi no rafi Ebola, paawngal Lassa, paawngal Rift Valley, rafi Marburg, e paawngal Bolivia. Ñabbu Jaggoowo Terɗe keewɗe so yimɓe ndeenaaki tan ene waawi yaade haa saroo e aduna. Kono noon ñabbu baaɗo noon heewaani saraade e aduna fof sabu waawi raaɓondireede tan ko so tawii a ɓaɗiima neɗɗo ngonduɗo e ñabbu ngu no feewi, te neɗɗo ngonduɗo e ñabbu ngu ene heewi yaawde maayde wala rafeede rafi muusɗo no feewi. Ɓayri sahaa nde neɗɗo o rafetee ndee e sahaa moo hollirta maale ene ɓaɗondiri no feewi, cafrooɓe ɓee ene mbaawi yaawnaade ɓe ceernda neɗɗo ngonduɗo e rafi o (quarantaine), mbele o waasa raaɓde woɗɓe.  

Saraade rafi Zika, rafi Zika, e paawngal Zika.

Rafi Zika ene fuɗɗinoo saraade e hitaande 2015, ene yaha ene ɓura ɓeyɗaade haa e hoore hitaande 2016, ko ɓuri yimɓe milyoŋ e feccere keɓiino rafi o, e ko ɓuri léydiiji sappo e goo e Amerik fof (continent Americain).  Fedde tóppittooɗo ko faati e cellal e aduna oo fof (WHO) réentinii yimɓe rafi Zika sabu ene waawi yaade haa saroo e aduna fof so tawii yimɓe ngummaaki heen gila e jooni.




#Article 69: Cooɗagol (597 words)


Ɓeydagol saraade nguu ɗo ñabbu ngarngu e aduna o jibinii caɗeele keewɗe e gure men e leydi men: uddugol ƴeñtitirɗi ngalu, hebbinde yimɓe ɓurɓe ñawde e tampude  e mayde ( jibinii ñabbuuji keewɗi e maayɗeele keewɗe e yimɓe ɓe). Tiiɗnaare mawnde waɗaama ngam falaade laygol (reɓgol)  Korawirus e dartintigol pin’gol rafiiji kesi tawa saabi ɗum ko KOVID-19.  

Safrooɓe ɓe nana ƴeewa peeje mbele ɓe mbaawa safrude yimɓe ɓe ñabbu ngu yani e dow mum en ɓe e ko ɓuri yaawde. Haɗaani Halfinaaɓe Cellal, ngam haɓtaade e riddude nguu ɗo ñabbu, nani jokki huutoraade kaɓirde keewde karallaagal deentagol e deentingol ɓesngu men ko adii nde ɓe jiitaata lekki cafroowi e lekki pesorki palorki  tigi-rigi ñabbu koronawirus. Ɗum (ngol deentagol) ina heɓo so tawi enen (yimɓe) fof en jaɓi haɗde laygol ñabbu ngu. O safaara alaa njaru (fere) walla coggu mum in famɗi: ko waylude jikkuuji men mbele mbaawen daɗde e dan’dude bandiraaɓe men e nguu ɗo ñabbu mbaroowu kadi gardito-ɗen waywaylo wirus oo, ko reentaade e reentinde ɓe. Yo en koɗ e haalande ɓe yo ɓe cooɗo(lawƴude juuɗe maɓɓe) haa laaɓa; laaɓal ene waawi dandude en e nguu ɗo ñabbu.

E ɗoo winndannde maa en ƴeew e ko ɓuri teeῃtude hol no cooɗaagol (juuɗe) e peeje goɗɗe laaɓal –so kuutoraama no haanirta nih- ina mbaawi riiwde kala ko addata mboros. Maa min biɗtu  holno won e gure mbaɗi haa kaɓi e rafi oo, hol caɗeele ɓe ndañi, hol peeje haa ɓe mbaawi haɓde e rafi oo.      

E ƴeewndagol doktoreeɓe heewɓe hollirii feere ɓurnde sellude e ɓurnde ittude e heɓindaade laygol rafiiji daaɓooji no KOVID-19 ko cooɗaraagol kala waktu saabunnde e ndiyam laaɓɗam (nguurɗam).   Hol ko firti lawƴude juuɗe mum e kala waktu?  

Hol nde neɗɗo foti lawƴude juuɗe mum?

Yo ɓe cooɗo juuɗe maɓe e saabunde, ene waawi dandude ɓe e rafi o, ene waawi dandude ɓe kadi e raaɓeede nguu ɗo ñabbu.Yimɓe ne mbaawi lawƴude juuɗee mum en kala  waktu. 

Humpitiiɓe gandal ko faati e cellal e ñabbuuji mbii ko ada foti lawƴude juuɗe ma kala nde mbaɗdaa ɗeeɗoo gede:

Ko ɓuri moƴƴude ko a lawƴirde juuɗe ma saabunde “ordineer” e ndiyam baaɓɗam , ɗum foti won’de aada yimɓe fof, ko ɗum kadi ɓuri. Kono kadi, lawƴugol juuɗe feewataa so wonaa mbaɗaa no ɓuri yiiɗireede:

Gure keewɗe ngalaa ndiyam laaɓɗam celluɗam, te ndiyam laaɓɗam celluɗum ene danda e “bakteriiji” ɗi yiitere waawaa yiyde. E ndee ɗoo toɓɓere, ndaaren hol ɗeen peeƴe mbaawɗen waɗde so tawii en mbaawaa dañde ndiyam laaɓɗam, celluɗam.

So tawii ndiyam laaɓɗam celluɗam waawaaka dañeede, aɗa waawi ƴettude ndiyam bóyli ɗam walla ndiyam bééli ɗam:

Won yimɓe laaɓinooɓe ndiyam ɗam moƴƴaani : ɓe cigga, ɓe ciiwooto ɗam, ɓe ngitta ɓikkon gonkon heen kon fof, haa ndiyam ɗam wona ndiyam moƴƴuɗam celluɗam, baawɗam  huutoreede. Centre for Alternative Water and Sanitation Technologies; cawst.org/package/biosand-filter-instruction-manual-en, to download the construction manual.

Caggal nde ndiyam ɗaam feewnita, haa wonii ndiyam laaɓtuɗam, so a fórtii juuɗe maa e masiŋaaji ƴeewooji ndiyam móƴƴuɗam e laaɓtuɗam maa taw ndiyam ɗam feewnaama haa feewi, a ɗam senii, yimɓe ene mbawa huutoraade ɗam. Kaɓirɗe beeɓɗe, juɓɓuɗe, tawa ene mbeeɓi heɓde ene mbaawi feewnude masiŋaaji ɗiiɗoon. Peter Morgan windii heen deftere. So a yiɗii heɓde e deftere nde yah e: 

Lawƴude juuɗe mum e ndiyam laaɓɗam e saabunde walla ndiyam laaɓɗam e ndoondi wonii ko dandata en e nguu ɗo ñabbu mbiyeteengu COVID-19. Ñabbu ngu ko ko sarii e aduna fof. So en njiɗii daɗde alaa e sago mbaylen jikkuuji men. Won heen geɗe ɗe mbaawɗen waɗde mbele ndaɗen e ngudoo ñabbu, hono goɗɗóndiral e ɓoornaade “mask” cuuroowo hunuko e hinere.




#Article 70: Tefugol ngol (504 words)


E bannge cellal wadde wisit ko fii anndude ňaw holmo nangi neddo o. Ko buri heewde wisit e galle doktoor labbintaa fof. Ko buri ko testuuji opitaalji di laabaani. Ko be teskini e banndu nawndotoodo o taŋ be nganndi. Wonde test gooto walla ko buri dum wadete e nder wisit. Heen saha e golle mabbe be mbadat testuuji e fureeji di/ maaybe be ngam faamde. Testuuji di weebaani, sabu sintomji di wonaa rafi gooto taŋ hollirta. Wanno no nguuru ngu wojjirta nii, ina waawi hollirde nawnaaje keewde ceertudi dum noon hollataa safroobe be holko woni cadeele de. E misaal nawnaare bandu no wawwi tamppinde ko hewii e yimbe.   

Ko buri ko no wisit yaarata nii e no seertiri nii:

No heewi peeje walla haralaagal ko be mbaawi wadde testuuji di, so tawtii analisuuji e ko waynoon. Tigi tigi, test no waawi wallude e peeje keewdi e kadi be hollii nafoore mun e aduna on fop.

Test KOVID-19 no waawaa wadeede so siňaal nawnaare nde feeňii, ndeen noon ko seese seese laabirta ko ko wiyetee (rRT-PCR) hollirta iŋfeksiyon e tuutaadi di walla ko CT teskinii ko. Nde PCR feppondrira e CT e nder Wuhan be njamirii ko CT buri moyyude PCR, hay so tawii o ňaw nanndaani e haala marube gandal fii cellal ,tigi no yaarata noon e  ňaw keddi di wanno pnomoni. E lewru mars 2020, dental wiyeteedo the American College of Radiology yamirii woto CT adoo huutoreede e test korona.

WHO hollirii sifaaji keewdi no test korona wadirtee; ko 17 janwie dum adii yaltude. Test o booyat e kadi waylat ko wiyetee transcription polymerase chain reaction(rRT-PCR). Test o ko e foofaango walla jiijam tan fotaa wadeede. Resiltaa o no waawaa anndeede e nder waktuuji seeda e ňalowma o. Ko buri heewde test o no waawaa rewneede e ko wiyetee nasopharyngeal hay so tawii ino waawaa rewneede e daande.

Laboratuwaruuji e isinji keewdi no fewnude testuuji  sirurgical, mbaawdi hollirde kala ko boni e banndu.  6 awiril 2020, ay gooto e mum holliraani ko wadi fof no huutoro dum. E amerik Cellex fewnii test sirurgical kono ko laboratuwaruuji njogii di seertifika taŋ huutortoo dum so tawii heňoraama.

No men njaakori ko noon radiografhs e haralaagal tomographs(CT) mbayta e ňawbe bee e waasde hebde ko laabi ko faati e dum. Fii kala be wadii jande buy e mun, kabaruuji laabdi no keddii. Dendal gooto wiyeteedo  Italian Radiological Society no moobindirde kibaaruuji pur anndude ňawbe bee fof e cikkaabe no ňawii bee fof. E miijo maa so PCR mo nganndandaa ko feňňinde korona taŋ woni sabaabu mum alaano, tawa ňaw goddi wanno adenovirus suudi ňaw ngu. Jayude mawnde wadaande e Chine nandondirii ko yiya e becce ko e PCR o e hollirii kadi nder dum e masiŋ laabnataa dum sabu ňaw o/ rafi o buri yaawde e lorde. e sahaaji buy, jande de holii no woodi nawnudo maa battido nawnudo.Ne moyyaano huutoraade dum ngam anndugol ňaw o tigi e kala to woni.[2]masin jojdo e baawdo nattude/ fotde ko saabi ňaw feewnaama, ina wondee rajo e CT.




#Article 71: Pikiri (916 words)


Pikiri ko lekki fewnaaki fii nawndugol nawu. Ko burii kon pikiri hino marii ko nandii e ko innrteemicro-organisme pathogene.Ko buri kon ko biddo nawna-on warata ontigi on duytay doole ontigi e toksinji makko, madun  protein ontigi on. Lekki kin walay cellel bandu ngun andita biddo nawnaare den moyya e bandu hino wawi warude ontigi on maa kala micro organisme wonudo ka nder bandu. Pinguggol goddo Ko waksinasiton wiyetee. Pingegol ko feere burde moyyude fii reenagol nabbeli;. Pingagol buri moyyude fii nawndugol nawnaare puyye, kanu e duytugolnabbeli wan niaba e tetanosi. Pikir holudo nafoore ko pikir infuenza,  e HPV,  et pikir fii gertode nden. Kongudi  waksine e waksinasiyon ko e pingegol iwii fii ko wietee niiapitee ko yieteedo Edward Jenner fecci inde nden.

Pingegol burii holnaade e moyyude fii niawdugol naabejibondi din. Kono hidi waddi ella seeda.

Nafore pingegol hino fawi e piyyi hewudi:

Si pingaado nawnnii nawnaare nde o pinga fii mun hino wawii wonude nawnaare nden tampintamo haa no tampinirta nawnube be pingaka ben. Dii piiji no jogii nafoore ko yehii e fewjaare moyyere pingegol:

Pingegol walii nawdugol fetti niawu burdo raabude e warude Nawnaaje godde siifa rubeole,poliyo, napite, muusu noppi,puyye, tifoyid hawaani joni sabu yimbe buy pinganoma.  Si tawi yimbe buy pingama  nawnaare den hebata doole fiii rabugol yimbe ben. Ko dun innete uminitee collective. Pingegongol kadi walay fii reenagol nawnaare nden. E missal  duytugol nabbeli pneumonia e stretocoque. Programm pingegol duyti niabeli  waydi waa penicillin e antibiotik. Pingegol fii nawnaare niapitee hino danda yimbe million 1 maayude hitande bee.

Pikir pingetedo gila sukagu himo holni ko buri kon. Hay si tawi no woddi ko fewaani hino fandi. Hino adda  muusu jokule e musu daddi. E  wobbe a taway bandu mabbe dun jabata pikir on.Bonandeji hewani hen. 

Waccin no marii piiji fewnaadi e labbinaadi iwudi e mayyi. 

Pikirji goddi no joggi piwoy tosokoy wietekoy micro-organisms , nguledi din waray koy. E missali  waccin pollio, hepatii kanun e influenza.

Pingegol no wodii kadi sifaa marudo micro organism ji wuurudi, duytaadi. Ko dun burataa adude niawu boyudo kono nde wonde ndi moyyata e bandu gobbe.

Waccin anatoxine ko toxic mo wuraani o fewniira ko dun burata adudde nawnaare micro-organism on. 

Wonudi ley din hutorto feccere micro organism fii niawdugol.

Nawnaaje godde no yaawi niawdeede si a beydii ko woni ender mun kon imminay ko innetee imminitee madun anditugol. 

Waccinji  buy ko biddo nawnaare fewnira iwii e micro- organisms.Waccin synthetics ko syntetic fewnira.

Vaccines may be monovalent or multivalent. A monovalent vaccine is designed to immunize against a single antigen or single microorganism. Mulivalant ko Ñakku ñawndoowo ñabbe buy; hinno fawaa fii habugol sifaaji ñabbe immundi e nere gooto si wonaa dun e yummiraabe sertube. Waccinji gooddi ko fii niawdugol nawnaare wootere tun antigen gooto madun micro organism gooto kono waccinji goddi ko fii ko fii micro organism hewudo.

Nawnaaje godde no waawii wonude ka bandu haa booya hara nawninaani.

Nabbeji goddi si nangi neddo nde wootere, bandu dun wowitay ontigi on nawnoytaa si den nawnaare artoyi:

Pingegol nomari lekki gooti maa diddi daninidaydi nawnaare den. Waccin hino mari ko wawi dandude ontigi on nawnaare.

Fii karalaagal moyyungal , hinno yamiraa e sukaabe ben pingeede (neseede) si bandu mabbe hebii doole jabaade pinguuji ko woni kala. Hibbe pingee kaddi ledde godde fii burugol sembinde bandu mabbe ndune hebugol e ñabbeeli. Dun jibing porogaramu neesugol maw do sattudo. Waccinji hewudi joonirte kono ko e dubbi ontigi on daarete madun ontigi on jeta waccin on e ngurdan makko fow. E missal waccin fii puyye, tetanosi, ngulu bandu e punomie.Ko buuri kon mawbe ben pingete fii punomoni e puyye. 

Gila waccin fii puyye fudda fetti hino wawa renede si be pingi ontigi on bIddo nawnaare fetti den. Dun fuddanooma e leydi chine ko buri duubi wuluure. E hiitande 1960  jangii wo gollowo niande woo nawnataa fetti sabbu ontigi on nawniino addo. E hittande 1796 Jenner fewni lekki o pinngii paykun kun duubi 8 e nder yonte jeego o pinngi sukka on nawnaare fetti ka banndu fii daarugol. O tawii paykun kun nawnaani.  Jenner beydi ndartugol makko ngol e hittade 1798 o hollii waccin makko on hino moyyi e paykun e mawdo. Ko louis Pasteur yaltini waccin ndimo on e hittade 1880. Jamaano men hollii woo waccinji buy moyyinama fii nawnaaje siifa doggu reedu, fetti, napati, niaba. E hittande 1950 e niawdugol fetti e hedde 1960 e 1970. Maurice Hilleman ko burdo andeede e fewnoobe waccin e jamanuu amen. Lambe be e ONG jii din no wallude fii golle waccin. Be walli buy fii cellal jamaa on.  Waccinji buy fewnaama e nder ndi duubi sappo feyyudi. [30] Kulle den kaddi no pingeede fii wataa raabe 

Fewnugol kaytaaji ko yahii e bantaare ñakkugol no wawii lelnude /boynude ñabbeeli kessi sabu nde wonde di yejitete. Moftugol mijooji kessi ko yehii e bantaare golle ñakkugol ngol e moftugol ko fotaani andeede kon. E haala dental fii cellal duna, ko burii sattude e yaltingol ñakkuuji ka leyde de alaa doole ko angal kaalisi, cuudi cellal, kañun e ko fado kon e bangal gandal fii golloobe ben fii naatugol e marse on. 

Golle wonade wadeede fii okkirugol waccin  takki haa yimbe ben hino tanyyini buray walude. Waccin no wadirtee ni fudike waylade sabbu hino woddin waccinji yaretedi e nde wonnde ko kanko buuri waddude nafoore. Niawdugol haara pingetaake fuddaama waddeede e kulle den. Tampon no wadeede fii ko yaata e 20.000 e sogoniajii kala.

Waccin hino mari sifaaji buy:

Haari ko paykoy koy tun pingetee kono fereeji hino hebaade fii tawtudinugol suukabe ben e mawbe ben. 




#Article 72: Ko musiiba korona 2019-20 wadi e taariinde (822 words)


E hakunde 2019-2020 aduna o fof jiibiima sabu musiba korona dum noon waylii no feewi cellal taarinde nde e kilimaa o( jamaanu). Ku woyaasji di hadaa ko ustii curki kii/polisiyon e rejion ji keewdi. Ko siin fermi ko hadda yimbe be yaltude e saare he e desisiyonji keewdi jettaadi ngustii 25( noogas e jow) e nder teemedere fof e curki masinnji e issinji maa do ladde sumatt kon maa gaass karbonic . goomu gooto wiyeteedo One Earth systems wii dum wallii yimbe 77,000 wuurde ko buri lebbi 2. no dum yaawiri nii bonnanii liggotoobe e taariinde aduna o, tawti heen ko ňalowma konference ko faati e waylowaylo kilima o mo goomu leydeele aduna fof wadatno dillaama. no fof darori nii wadi ngaalu ngu ustiima  e bannge enersi teknoloji.

Hittande 2020 wallii labbinde taarinde nde e henndu gaas bondo fuddido e aduna o gila nde isinji dii fuddii beydude nguleendi aduna o. ko dum yoosini galaas geeci di haa ndiayam ndam burti toowde. iggey yimbe bee bonnii taariinde nde no feewi. Dum noon meemii cende kewde. Ko adii fof e musiba korona, ko tanjinaade doktoreebe bee kada yimbe bee moobondirde e kadi gooto fof wona nder galle/suudu mum jonte didi waasa wondude e hay gooto. Goddi di, wittoobe bee mbii hade musiiba korona o ustude ngaalu wallii ustude nguleeki leydi ndi, henndu ndu e ko ndiyam dam ňolata ko, dum wallii kadi taariinde nde wiltude.

No korona darniri woyaasji di  e isinji di wallii rejonji keewi ustude henndu bonngu ngu. Ustude henndu bonngu ngu no waawi wallude e waylowaylo kilima o e kadi e bonande korona kono laabaani tawo holmo sifa henndu bonngu(so tawii ko fof) so tawii ko kanji ndendi bonde e waylowaylo kilima o e korona kadi. Santar wittooji e nguleeki ki e laabal henndu ndu wii peeje ko mbadaa ko pur habde korona wano gooto fof waasa yaltude galle mum e waasa woyaasude, ustii 25 (noogaas e jow) e teemedere fof e curki ngummotoodo leydi Siin o. Lewru adiindu  sokeede ndu, Siin ustii ko yahta e 200(miliyonji cappande nay) e curki so a feppondirii dum e rowane sabu gasuwal e curki ustiima. Goomu sientifik gooto wii dum wallii yimbe 77000 wuurde. Ndeen noon Sarah Ladislaw mo santar fii jande feere e nawnaare(Santar peeje e jannde aduna o) wii en potaa yihde benefiis e ko poson o ustii ko sabu Siin maa ruttoo e ko wadatno ko ngam o waawa daňde ko daňatno ko caggal dum wadi jeere masinji di burtat bonde tan e taariinde nde. Hakkunde 1 sanwie e 11 mars 2020, Agens gooto wondo Erop wiyeteedo European Space Agency teskiima e ko jeere aduna tellii ko e gaas/curki ngummotoodo e otooje de, potooje kuuran de e isinji di e rejion Valley e worgo Itaali.

NASA e ESA njeewii holno gaas o/ curki ki ustori no feewi nde musiba korona fuddi e sinuwaabe be. Ngaalu e curki ustiima no feewi e gure mawde wano Wuhan e siin 25(noogas e joy sabu korona. NASA ko kaberde mbiyeteede (OMI) be betirta curki ki wano NO2 e leydi ndi e ko wayi noon. Ko dum wallata be dande hibaar ngummiido e aduna cokaado o.

Liddi alaa e coggu ngu kadi ustiima.[19]laanaaje mawde de aamii awde. Rainer Froese wii liddi neheteedi di burtat mojjude e ndiyam Erop, liddi waydi wanno herring no waawi beydaade laabi didi.

Fii hittande 2020 findeeji cellal ngurdan e nder ndiyan ko haala mo labbinaaka.

Hayi so tawii curki ki ustiima e aduna o, Agens Aduna o ko faati e kuuran/ nguleeki wii no ngaalu ngu darori ni no waawi wallude e finansma kuuran mo lorataa. Ko yimbe be njokkitii jodaade e galleeji mumen mbaylii sartuuji liggey de. no mask heewiri uutoreede nii feraa wadde so dum tawtii palastik ko woni e aduna o moyyata e taarinnde nde.

Santar gooto wondo Erop dilloowo e jamaanuuji di mbiyeteedo (ECMWF) wii ko awiyonji ngustii ko e kammu ngu sabu korona no waawi ustude ko taňjinano ko e jamaanu ngu. Sabu awiyonji marsandiisuji di ko hibaruuji awiyonji tosokoy koy (AMDAR) be kuutorto pur bokkude e fenugol kilimaa o. ECMWF wii AMDAR ustat ko yahta e 65%(cappende jeegom e joy e nder teemedere fof) walla ko buri dum sabu awiyonji marsandisuuji di ngustiima .

Goomu laamu aduna o fof no jogino batu ko faati e waylowaylo kilimaa o kono dum egginaama sabu nokkuuji di fof wonti opital. O Batu noon no wadno nafoore sabu wallatno anndude ko leydeele de poti kotisude pur be mbaawa wadde ko be njewtuno ko e Pari. Musiba o kadi hadi leydeele de waawde kotisude sabu kambe fof ko musiba o be kucciti.[5]Surnal gooto wii no aduna o yidiri fudditaade liggey nii no waawi burtinde gaas o/curki ki. Direkteer Agens international liggotodo e Enerji wii ko coggu gasuwal o ustii ko e fewndo korona no waawi wallude ustude curki kii.

Fuddagol hendu bongou maa gaas fii isinji e massinji jockey di COVID-19 no sikaano wa wallaydo beydugol gaas kono duytataa.




#Article 73: Ñabbe sattude (649 words)


Patogen ko pihun tokosun kun andandaa waawataake yiheede e gitte- hino wawi jonnude naw. Hino wawii taweede kadi e kunloy innetekoy parasit sabu ko maa di heba kadi wuura. Burdo andeede on ko biddo nawna maa bateri. Nabbeeji  ko patogen adata- wana CORONA no wi'ee nawnaaje rabay de.

Nabbe aduna ko kala hunde jonnay nde nawnaare, ko fandi woo kono ko dun hollata nabbe jarude yahude clinic. dun hino wawii jokude yimbe ben ko dun takki gollobe fii cellal famata fii naawnare be yi'ay nabbe den kono haara nawnaare alaa. Nabbe wondude e finde ko sifaaji diddi: wawudo yahanede ka clinic e nabbe de alaa finde hidde inne nabbe fankude. Nabbe godde kadi no wawii wonude e nder bandu kono hara meminaaki. Missal: doyru ko biddo nawna m meminaaki ka bandun jonta dun. E missal nawnaare indetede herpes. Nabbe den no sendaa e sifaaji buy:tiidudi, (ka findeeji yaawata yiheede), koronik, ( ka findeeji burata yiheede nande woo) hawrude, (hara findeeji yaawataa yaltude kono si yaltii no wawii yaawude sattude bura nawnudo on hara kornii ka bandu), lajoodin(hara finde alaa kono nawnaare den no wodii) e Fokal, (ko dun woni ka bandu ndun fuddike muusude haa les ndu sakitii don).

Iwugol nawnaare den e goddo yaha e goddo ko dun innetee rabugol. Bibbe nawna bee no wodii sifaaji nabbe ko adata e kanji kadi no woodii no di raabirta. fii faamugol no nawnaare den yarta e ko honno nde renirtee, joma gandal en fotii andude ko hono nabbe den rabirta. Raabugol no dudii sifaaji. Fayda, ko nii wahi:

No jogiido biddo nawna on raabirta selludo no dudii.Bibbe nabbe ben godde no wawii raabirde e naametee maa ndiyan, goddi ko si ontigi memii nawnudo e kaddi bibbe nabbe godde ko ka hendu hebotoo. E ndee yewtere en buray miiaade fii nabbe raabirteede e hendu.

Kadi, yimbe wobbe no wawii nawnude hay si be marii cellal e microoragnisme ji buy. No biddo nawnaare nden tampinirta wernoowo nawnaare den e doole makko fii piirugol e lekki kin kanun e no bandu ndun reeniraa e naabbe no wawii tapinde wernoowo nawnaare nden.Jooma gandal be wi'ii wo bibbe nabbe den woni sabu dun.

Nabbbe attiide(maa germe) ko nabbe de andandaa naatay ka bandun selludo hara libataamo kono walay nabbe godde kadi nanga ontigi on. Germe j neddo ko buri kon naatay e bandu goddo kono nabbe bonde no wawii feenu e bandu neddo on maa ka o woni don.

Bibbe nabbe godde no wawii nangude aden mo alaa cellal bandu maa si godo barmike, nde naatira ka temmeere. Nden naabe ko burata nangude ko aden mo sella buy. 

Nawnaare addi nde no wawii wonude sabaabu angal cellal. Nawnaare dimmere ko nawnaare wonude sabaabu haa nawnaare addi nde nden burta sattude.  

Nabbe no wiyaa raabay si nawnudo on batike mo nawnaani on (e missal grip) .Godde no raabira ka mbandu, tawi raabugol ngol ko ontigi walidii e nawnudo.Fii nabbe rabbay de no iwa e goddo nanga goddo si on meemondiiri maa si ko ka fofango, kono hino wawi wonude ka  hendu kadi, ka niamete e ndiyan, hakunde kulle e yimbe ko hodidata kon kadi.

Findeeji nawnaare nden no fawii e sifaa nawnaare den. Goddi nangay bandu ndun fop, siifa tampugol, angal naamugol, sewugol, wulu bandu, lakkegol,diwnugol, e muusu bandu. Goddi no fawii e nokelji bandu ndun, wana nawnaareguri ngin, doyyuugool e durmegol. Nde wonde naabe godde andotaako e wobbe ka fuddore e hay si be nawnii. Hebbuggol biddo nawnaa on wana fii ontigi nownay forse sabu goddi nawnintaa.

Sabu findeji fii bakteri e naabe no waawii wonude gooto, hinno satii sedidirde. Faamugol ko sertinii no marii nafoore sabu nabbe goodde waawata niawndeede e antibiotik hara nawnudo bakteri no wawii niawdeede.

Si nawnaare nangii bandu ndun, lekki hiono wodii wawu ki mo warude.Sifaaji nden leeke no dudii. Antibiyotik fii bakteri kono wanna fii biddo nawna on. Antibiotik ko fii duytugol nawnaare nden e warugol bakteri on.




#Article 74: Faatu Jom (740 words)


Jibinaado e 1968 to Ñodior e Senegaal, Faatu Jom ko debbo windiyaŋke senegaalnaajo heen francenaajo heen. 

Caggal jaltingol ciimti dentuɗi, La Préférence nationale e 2001, deftere nde Le Ventre de l'Atlantique adaniimo ɓayre adunaare. Winndande makko ina yilli noon kadi toɓɓe peewɗe e ɗanŋgal to France e jaggondiral hakkunde France e dowla afriknaaɓe. 

Faatu Jom jibinaa ko e 1968 e dow danŋere tokosere mo Ñojoor… e dowri ndi Saalum, to leydi seereraabe, banŋge rewo e hirnaange Senegaal. 

Ɓiɗɗo debbo fergitere — jiɗnaaɓe makko ndesondiraano — ko taani makko debbo Aminata… nekimo. Yettoode makko nde iwi ko Sin-Saalum, toon yetta Jom ko Niominka yen

Worii ko fina tawa ngenndi mako yuuɓni, o ɓuri ɓallade ko woorɓe, kono wonaa yahde wallude rewɓe defde kiraaɗe e toppitaade golle galle. Beeyondiral makko e kala sahaa e faaɗeende danŋere nde saabi o felliti yahde duɗal o jaŋgoy farayse. Ma wadi dumunna nde taani makko debbo jaɓi gonal makko poɗɗo jangineede : Faatu Jom kurkayel ngel ko ma suuɗo so ina yaka duɗal, haa ñande janŋginoowo makko heɓi tefde taanirawo makko nde woppatamo o jokka. 

Nde o dañi duuɓi sappo e tati, ndeen o muuyaa ñeeñal haala haaliyakooɓe ɗemŋgal farayse waɗi kadi o fuɗɗi winndude. Faatu Jom ummi wuro mum en ngam yahde jokkoyde diaŋɗeele mum to ngendiije goɗɗe e nder Senegaal, fof tawa o mbo yoɓira ɗaam nguurndam aga golle tokoose e sappo e duuɓi 14 makko;.caggal ɗuum o fa'i lycée mo  M'bour ; o golli mbindanaagal to Gammbi e o sakkitori naatande jaŋde duɗal haatirde to Dakaar. E oon saha, o faalaa wontude janginoowo farayse, tawa o miijaaki woɗɗitaade leydi jibinande makko. 

Kono, e duuɓi makko noogaas e ɗiɗi, o yiɗondiri e fransnaajo gooto, o resa kadi o felliti rewde e mum France to Strasbourg gila 1994. Bandiraaɓe jom galle makko nde kaɓiimo, duuɓi ɗiɗi pawi heen o seera, kadi o yiiti tampere mawnde, o mbo weelda e ngonka makko ɗanniyanke e nder leydi francenaaɓe. Ngam waawde wuurde e yoɓde jaŋɗeele makko, o windiniima duuɓi jeegom, hay nde o waawi huutoraade gollal keetinaaɗo diaŋngingol ko heen saha nde o fiiloto lefol jaŋɗeele lugge, ko adi o mbo fuɗɗo witto makko e  Le voyage, les échanges et la formation dans l'œuvre littéraire et cinématographique de Sembène Ousmane 

Caggal jangudemo bindirɗe e afo gande to duɗal haatirde mo Strasbourg, o watti ɗoon janginde, rewi heen ko jangindemo duɗal haatirde Marc-Bloch mo Strasbourg e to duɗal toowngal facciro mbo Karlsruhe, to Almaañ. O heɓi tongorɗe doctorat honoris causa to duɗal haatirde mbo Liège hitaande 2017.

O wuurta kadi e bindugol : O saakti La Préférence nationale, ciimti dentuɗi to caaktirɗe mo Présence africaine hitaande 2001. Le Ventre de l'Atlantique woni deftere makko andiinde, saaktaande hitaande 2003 to caaktirɗe mo Anne Carrière. Caggal mum, Kétala (2006), Inassouvies, nos vies (2008), Celles qui attendent (2010) e Impossible de grandir (2013) ndewi heen. 

E hitaande 2019, o nawi raay Prix littéraire mo Rotary Clubs e ɗemŋgal farayse sabaabunde deftere makko wiiteende Les veilleurs de Sangomar. 

O haargi mo ngala yourmeende, o manti nafoore janŋde e teddungal kuule laamorɗe

E ko hujjaaji laamaaɓe ɓeydi ko, Faatu Jom ina noddee saha fof ngam hollirde yiyande mum e ko faati e politiki e rendo e nder kabrirɗe baaɗi no tele walla peres. O darima kadi darnde teeŋtunde ngam haɓaade ɓeydogol hujjaji laamaaɓe wondude e Rassemblement National to France. Wondemo windiyanke saabi o holliri e defte makko siftinde teddungal kuule laamorɗe e neɗɗaagal sabu omo joottori « wonde fotaaka deƴƴeede yeeso jartobdinɓe e pompotiral ɓesŋguugi». 

E nder haala makko kadi o fooɗanto ko potal nder ballondiral hakkunde Orop e Afriki. O joottori ko o oɗo saha, Orop heerori nafoore ngaal  jokkotiral ngal fotndaaka kadi Afriki naftoraaki ngalu mum. O mbo jootorii kadi wonde kerse njiimanteeri ina keddi to bangal Afrikinaabe hono tobangal Oropnaabe, ko dum haɗi potal ɓeydaade e ngaal jokkotiral. O dartorii ko wonde mboni fof fof, e kala noon to waawi wonde iwdi makko, foti ko jaggireede no innama aade yeeso inama aade goɗɗo. E oon fannu, tawa o fawaani tuumuya e hay gooto e dowle dentuɗe ɗe, o haɓaniima afrikinaaɓe fodde mum enn seertude e ngonka mumen foolaaɓe e oroɓnaaɓe nde njaltata e darnde foolɓe nde ndari ngam dartinde jiiɓre wonnde hakkunde ɗahooɓe e ɗahaaɓe, rokkooɓe e faabaaɓe. Ko laati ko, o teeŋtini wonde wallude neɗɗo, ko wallude ɗum haa natta fawaade e ballal ma e mum, eeraango faade e balle ɓamtaare ɗe leeɗeele hirnaaŋge mbaɗi e nder Afriki e hooremum. 




#Article 75: Aadama Njaay (226 words)


Aadama Njaay, walla Aadama Amandaa Njaay, gandiraaɗo Adama Paris, innde maantorde nde o fenti, jibinaa ko to Kinshasa. Ko o senegaalnaajo cañoowo, pentoowo ɓoornanteeri. Ko kaŋko woni sabaabu ñalanɗe adunayaŋkooje keewɗe ko way heen no Black Fashion Week baɗoowo to Prague, Bahia, Paris e Montreal gila 2010.

Aadama Njaay jibinaa ko 1977 to Kinshasa, jinnaaɓe mum ko dipolomat en senegaalnaaɓe. 

Caggal nde o jaŋngi gandal kisal faawru, o fuɗɗi golle ko e suudu moftirdu koppareeje. Caggal mum seeɗa, o naatani jaŋnde cañgol kadi o udditi maantorde Adama Paris, waccore nde o noddirtee galle maɓɓe, kañum cate goɗɗe boornanteeri ngam nawrude yeeso karallaagal makko e karallaagal sañooɓe woɗɓe. 

Ngam anndinde ñooti makko e humpitaademo ŋakkere dokgol cañgol e nder Senegal, o fenti deefiile cañi biyeteeɗo Dakar Fashion Week… mbo sañooɓe woɗɓe kadi mbaawi tawtoreede. E hitaande 2010 kadi, o ummini Black Fashion Week, baɗoowo to Prague, Bahia, Paris e Montreal. 

E hitaande 2013,Aadama Njaay udditi tele mum biyeteeɗo Fashion Africa Chanel mbo faandaare mum woni e ɓamtude cañgol afrikinaaɓe. 

Kanko kadi koo ittoowo kumpa cañgol e habrirde Canal + e daawal + d'Afrique. 

O wuuri ko hakkunde Los Angeles, Paris e Dakar. 

E hitaande 2015, Aadama Njaay ina jeyaa e « rewɓe 50 ɓurɓe tiiɗde e nder Afriki », tuumnaade e habrirde yontere ha yontere mbo afrikinaaɓe biyeteeɗo Jeune Afrique piilɗomo «papesse des Black Fashion Week »




#Article 76: Taytu Betul (2152 words)


Taytu Betul (ge'ez : ጣይቱ ብጡል), inniraanooɗo Wälättä Mikael ko debbo dimo ecopinaajo jibinaaɗo hedde 1851 nder to Semien, sara Tigray, o sankii ñande 11 colte 1918 to Entoto. Ko o laamiyaŋke jiimnooɗo e laamanteeri ndi Ecopi tuggude  1889 haa 1913.

Sabu iwdemo e ɓesngu rimɗungu ɓooyngu to rewo Ecopi, o heɓii nehdi ñiiɓndi e cosaan e aada.  O jangii kadi dowre goɗɗe ballitoojemo e fannu laamagol ko way heen no geɗe jawtuɗe keeri, newnotiral, ko ganduɗa hewaano e oon jamaanu e debbo, e nder Afriki walla nokku goɗɗo. Caggal dewle keewɗe, Betu resondiri e lewru seeɗto 1883 e laamiɗo Choa biyeteeɗo Sahle Myriam, mo ganduɗa ko kam e makko poti pellital, kadi kañum ina yiilotonoo ballal toon e rewo leydi he. Ngaal ballital saabi Sahle Myriam jiimi e kala laamu e nder Ecopi e hitaande 1889 e nootitoraademo Menelik II. Ndeen waɗi Taytu Betul jeyaa e rewɓe ɓurɓe dowlude e oon jamaanu. 

Newniyaŋke laaptuɗo, Taytu Betul sirŋiniima haɓi e koniyanŋkooɓe italinaaɓe muuyanooɓe dahde leydi makko.  Laamuyanke o sali fountondireede haa woni sabu ɗuum waasnatnoɓe yoga e leyɗeele ecopinaɓe.  Ko wonaa ɗuum ko, jom galle makko ŋeewi tawo ko nanondiral ko adii nde omo abbo e koŋgol jom suudu makko. Taytu Betul ina tawa wolde Adoua nde 1896, mo ɓe ndippi e dow italinaaɓe. Haysinno o jogaaki gollal teeŋtungal, doole makko e boowal laamu he e to jom galle makko seeraani e ɓeydaade. O lelnii  peeje keewɗe haa teeŋti e darnugol laamorgo ngo Ecopi jooni ngo, woni Addis-Abeba. Nde wonno habdiiɓe Menelik ɓe wondude heen feccere e ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi ngonaa welaaɓemo, nde jom galle makko o sanki tan o joña baŋnge. 

Taytu Betul ummi ko e ɓesngu Oromos dowlungu e baŋnge rewo Abyssinie kadi foottungu jokkere e  lasli salomonide kam e laamɗo mo teemidinol XVII ɓiwol,  Susneyos. Baba makko, gonnooɗo ras Betul Haile Maryam, ko kalfinaaɗo laamu mo Semien. Kabaruuji faade e yummum Taytu Betul ina niɓɓiɗi : yoga e windooɓe cikki e riimayɓe o ummi, yaama koo korɗo, woɗɓe ina ciforoomo debbo keewɗo nafoore, « debbo tedduɗo mo Gondar ». Taytu Betul ko kumbaajo ɓesngu ngu sukaaɓe nayo, ɗiɗo worɓe e ɗiɗo rewɓe, kamɓe fof ɓe keɓi cagataagal, ko heewaani, sabu kewgol maayirgol cukaaku keewnongol to Ecopi e oon jamaanu. Taytu Betul jokkiino jaggireede no « lewlewal mo Ecopi». 

Taytu jibinaa ko Semien, saanga 1851. Hono sukaaɓe rewɓe rimɓe heewɓe rewooɓe diine Iisa e saare he, Taytu Betul nehii ko e nehdi diiniyankaagu yuɓɓungu. O jangi kadi amharique, ñaawooje , geɗe adunnayaŋkooje e politiki. Taytu Betul heblaama e dewgal ko yaawi, o adi reeseede ko gila omo yaara e duuɓi 10 hakkunde makko e gooto e sordaasi laamuyaŋke mo Téwodros II. Ndeen noon, kabaruuji ko faati e cukaaku kam e cagataagal makko ɓuraa heew. 

Gadiiɗo resdemo soka ko e yanŋgo felliyankooɓe. Wadde, Taytu Betul resta laawol ɗiɗoɓol e bieteeɗo « dejazmach » Taklé Guiorguis[3], mbo o seertata ngam humtaneede e goɗɗo ɓurɗo alɗude e dowlude. Dewgal ngal muujaaki sabu urɓudemo gorko makko haa firñitii e Yohannes IV. Peeje ɗe cuurta, waɗi o waawnaa e dewgal ngal heewaani ngartam e konuyanke ɓolto. Caggal ɗeen dewle nai ɗe muujaaki no feewi, Taytu resondiri e cukko sordaasi mo Sahle Maryam, négus mo Choa, rewi heen ko sordaasi Fitaorari Zekargatchou, keynum Sahle Maryam. Dewgal makko cakkitiiŋgal hakkunde makko e  ras Ouoldié walliti ganndotiral makko e  négus o. Ndeen noon, Taytu Betul naati e dewle keewɗe ko adii nde omo hawra kadi o resondira e gonoyoowo laamuyaŋke o. 

Nde Sahle Maryam, gardiiɗo mo Choa, hawri e Taytu Betul, tawi ko dewgal mum e debbo mum gadiiɗo bieteeɗo Altash, ɓiyum Téwodros II o, gasiino[4]. Ndeen noon, ko batoowo ina wiee Bafana o yiɗnoo, kono garal Taytu Betul, ganndiraaɗo ɗaaɗgol mum peɗeeli e mbaadi mum laaptundi sabu iwdi mum e  oromos, waɗi o liɓi oya ko yaawi. Taytu Betul e Sahle Maryam ndesondiri ko ñande seeɗto 1883[4].

Ngalɗo dewgal rendini ko yimɓe ɗiɗo jom en anniyaaji tiiɗɗi, jogiiɓe kadi mbaawkaaji timmitinɗi baawɗi yettindeɓe e jappeere laamu he.  Ceeɓgol mawngol to bange politiki e gardogol mo Taytu, timmini ɗum ko mbaawka ganndal werto leydi. Ko teeŋtini ɗum, ɓesngu kanko jogorɗo wonoyde laamuyaŋke, omo jogi ballal to rewo too, iwdi laamuyaŋkooɓe ɗiɗo ɓennuɓe ɓe, woni  Téwodros II eYohannes IV[5]. Waddene, hoɗɓe to rewo ɓe ɓurnoo teddineede to baŋnge ƴamgol lefol laamu. O naworii e dewgal he kadi ngalu heewŋngu ummoriiŋngu e leyɗeele ndema e wosorɗe kam e pelle jaaƴɗe hesindiiɓe sabaabu nde jinnaaɓe makko.  Sahle Maryam jeyaa ko to baŋnge worgo, wadde resondirdemo e Taytu ma laɓɓin ngonka makko e nder saare he.

To baŋngal mum,  Taytu Betul kañum hollirii anniyaaji laamorɗi toowɗi… kadi o nangiri dewgal ngal ko jettorgal ngal juutata e doole laamuyaŋkaagal[5]. Jaati, wonde  Sahle Maryam laamɗo mo Choa addanii ɗum fooɗanaade laamu Ecopi tuumnaade e gootol e lasli makko mo asko nawti haa to roi Salomon kam e reine de Saba, ballal nafowal so tumnaama e Kebra Nagast, to fina tawaji e kuule ecopinaaɓe ndentinaa[6]. Taytu Betul ina laaɓa wonde, ƴoyre makko mawnde nde e peertugol makko to baŋnge politiki, so ɓeydaama e dañal makko to baŋngue paggundi, maa adanmo wallude jom galle makko haa yettina anniya mum kadi kaŋko ne o jogo nafoore e jogogal leydi ndi. 

Wadde dewgal ngal koko miijta haa ɓenndi to baŋgeeji ɗiɗi fof. 

Wadde dewgal ngal koko mi

E nder saha ɓurɗo huccude e adunayaŋkagal, debbo laamuyaŋke keso o soobima haa tiiɗi e calagol njiimanteeri oropnaaɓe. . Ndeen maayirde teemodinol duuɓi XIXɓiiwol, ko jaaccingol keeri njiimanteeri e nder Afriki fof [7]. Feññini Taytu Betul ko saalaade mum feewde e Oropnaaɓe e kuule mbo o yamiri jom galle makko yo ƴettu feewde e jaɓɓugol ndimaagu maɓɓe mo ñaawooje koɗe ɗe pooɗontono. Debbo laamuyanŋke o ardii konu saliiɓe oropnaaɓe, salinooɓe feere jokkotiral mo laamuyanŋke Ménélik II fewjunoo hakkunde mum e oropnaaɓe[8]. Debbo laamuyaŋke o walliti gollal njogitaari feewde e Italinaaɓe, e kargugol Oropnaaɓe e leydi he. Kono noon, hay sinno o ɓuraa horsin Oropnaaɓe ɓe, haa adaniimo wiide o waawa muñde hendu maɓɓe, Taytu Betul ina hottanno Oropnaaɓe e kewuuji laamɓe ɗi, taw noon omo jeerto been ɗoon[9]. Nafoore wootere nde o yiyi e maɓɓe fawi ko e ngonka rewɓe to Orop. 

Cirŋinagol debbo makko e golle bonɗe Italinaaɓe ɗe ngaddani Menelik saaktude e 1893 toŋgondiral mo Wuchale ngal o siifno duuɓi nay jawtuɗi, ŋakkungal fotde tolno hakkunde tuumnorgal amharik ngal e tuumnorgal italinaaɓe ngal, jaggirnoongal laamanteeri makko ndi deentorgal italinaaɓe. Ñande  1 mbooy 1896, konuuji makko pooli italinaaɓe toAdoua, e nder Tigray. Tuumnorɓe keewɗe tuumi Taytu Betul tawtoreede boowal wolde mo Adoua, kono ala heen ko laaɓi. Fof tan ko njoorto laamuyaŋkooɓe resondirɓe ɓe, fawnooɓe fof e nguuɗoon poolgu, ndañi wune: nde wolde Adoua nde ɓenni, ɓe ndañii fodde gooŋɗunde kadi Oropnaaɓe ɓe ndaardiɓe yiitere aardiiɓe neetaanteeɓe e dowlal mo Afriki kesal jaafaŋngal « fodde njiimanteeri »[10].

Taytu Betul soobiima no feewi e laamorgol mo Ménélik II. Waasdemo fiileede lefol régente waɗi debbo laamuyaŋke o ala hay jojannde wootere ko faati e laamorgol e haala[11]. Haɗaani noon wuurdiiɓe ɓe seettaade coobagol makko teeŋtungol, kadi ciforoomo saha no debbo ŋaɗɗo mo laamu jarani fof. Cafroowo mawɗo biyeteeɗo Paul Merab (en), ɓattiiɗo ɓeen laamuyaŋkooɓe resondirɓe, ko nii siforiimo[11] : « Debbo laamuyaŋke o ko peertuɗo tigi, pinɗo tigi e geɗe ko faati e Orop ¬(…), O mbo tawtoree haajuuji leydi ndi kala : Haajuuji adunayaŋkooji ɓuri wojdemo no feewi. O mbo jogi yiyannde laaɓtunde seniinde e geɗe gooɗɗe ɗe (…) Taitou ɓoyi rokkude jom galle mum waajuuji baɗɗi faayida. Ménélik ɓeeɗaa siifde tawo waynaakimo ». O ɓeydi heen e 1907 : « Gila duuɓi sappo e jeetati ko joƴinaa e jappeere he, o meeɗaa seerde e hollirde hoore makko e kala saha, ko debbo hooreejo, debbo gollotooɗo[12]. »

Nafoore Taytu Betul ina tawe kadi e cuɓogol e jaakorɗe laamu tiiɗɗe, to enɗam makko ittanaa geɗal sanne,  jiŋngere jibinandemo ngañgu aristocrat yen iwɓe diiwanuuji goɗɗitiiɗimo, haa teeŋti e rimɓe mo choane[13]. Ko ɓeydi heen, debbo laamuyaŋke o dognata e boowal laamu he tan ko laamorgal ngenndiyaŋkeewal[14]. Ko teeŋtini ɗum, omo woƴanoo sanne nguurndam laamorgo ngo, Addis Abeba, sompaango ko mooyaani e dow peeje makko kam e jom galle makko[15]. Sabaabu nde makko, laamorgo ngo wonti nokku potal e bewre laamiiɓe. Debbo laamuyaŋke o suɓii kadi dingiral moo naŋngiri gooto e nokkuuji kaanduɗo e ñeemtinde laamuyankaagu ngam hollirde doole laamorɗe makko[16]. Taytu Betul walli kadi jom galle mum seertude e haɓaade peeje ɗe haɓdiiɓe makko pewjatno[17].

Ndeen noon, taadi tuumnorɗe ɓooyɗe e seedantaagu fotngu woodaani, andude nafoore debbo laamuyaŋke o haa laapta weeɓaani[17]. Fof tan ko wiide darnde makko won ɓe muusi, tuumaamuyaaji keewɗi kam haalaluuji peeñii, ummoraade e ñaawooje koɗe, kadi wonndude e heen baŋnge yimɓe leudi makko. Ɗiin haalaluuji pawaa ko e jikku debbo laamuyaŋke o, naŋngiraaɗo muusɗo e nayɗo [17]. No Ménélik II wayi yiɗeede ni, ko noon Taytu Betul wayi añeede. Taytu Betul feeññini ɗum ko jikku mum muusɗo, e ceeɓgol mum e laamorgol e jamaanu mo rewɓe ngalaano koŋngol e no laamirtee. O dañii heƴde e nokku mo worɓe tan keerorinoo. 

Ɗiin haalaluuji e ndeen yiitere bonnde feewde e Taytu Betul ndartaaki : nde Ménélik II faawaa, ɗi ɓeydii tuumdemo ko maayde gorko laamuyaŋke o ñaagotoo. Merab windi : « Gila o faawa, ko kaŋko wonti e goonga gaardiiɗo leydi ndi baŋnge laamogol ko yaltata hono ko naatata13]. » Kono noon, ɗeen tuumaamuyaaji ngala to ɓaggi kadi woɗɓe njeddii ɗi18]. Teeŋtini ɗum ko Taytu Betul duñciraama e laamu he seeɗa seeɗa gila ni ko adii jom galle makko ina saŋko. 

Caggal saŋkaare Menelik, o joñcoyii galle laamorɗo mo Entoto. Taaniiko Lidj Iyasou, gontuɗo laamuyaŋke e dow innitoraade Iyasou V, fiiltaa e siilto 1916 sabu rimɓe ɓe e egiliis o njaɓaani juulɗo ardo leydi ndi[19]. Lomtiimo ko Zewditou, ɓiɗɗo debbo mo Ménélik II jibidini e debbo goɗɗo. Nde o nani oon kabaaru, Taytu, njoncoynooɗo to galle laamorɗo moEntoto, ko hono nii fotata wiide « Jonni noon ko debbo ɓe piili kono wonaa miin. Kono wonaa miin ». Ɗuum ɗoon ne ɗefi teeŋtinde tuumamuyaaji biyatnooɗi wonde Taytu Betul yiɗnoo ko wonde  « debbo laamiɗo worɓe »[20].

Debbo laamuyaŋke keso o ina nanndi e neetaniiɗo Taytu kadi o ñaagiimo yoo tawmo Addis-Abeba, oon jaɓaani, kono no wayi fof Zewditou arii haa Entotto neetanaademo[20]. Caggal mum seeɗa, Taytu ñaagii yoo nawte Gondar jokkitoyde toon nguurndam mum, kono laamu ngu sali. Lebbi tati pawii heen o saŋkii, ñande 11 colte 1918[21]. Nde o maayi ñande 11 colte 1918, Zewditou fewji janayse balɗe tati kuljinɗe ngam mawninde golleTaytu Betul [21]. O wiraa ko sara jom galle makko Ménélik II e nder monastère mo Taeka Negest Ba'eta Le Mariam to Addis Abeba[22].

Waɗii sahaa, Taytu Betul naŋngiraa ko debbo laamuyaŋke toowɗo kufune kadi mbo yiɗaa arɓe haa teeŋti noon e laamuyaŋkooli oropnaaɓe, yiyannde nde Chris Prouty yaadaani. E yiyannde o debbo taarikiyaŋke Ameriknaajo , Taytu ko e gooŋnga mum woni e deentagol mum Oropnaaɓe wonnooɓe e halfude Afriki fof seeɗa seeɗa [22]. Heen baŋnge, ko ngool deentogol addani Ecopi, caggal poolgu to Adoua, heddaade leydi ngootiri e dowle Afriki, e hawde wolde njiimanteeri. Ndeen Ecopi naati e  Société des Nations hakkunde golwole aduniyaŋkooje ɗiɗi ɗe, kono Itali mo Benito Mussolini njani e dow maɓɓe taw dental aduniyaŋkeewal ngal ɗippaani ni[23]. To Dowlaaji-dentuɗi, poolgu mo Ecopi e dow laamuuji njimanteeri ngu europnaaɓe, goomu mo Harlem Renaissance, mbeytoriima ɗum haa teeŋti e 1910 e sabaabu cehoowo biyereeɗo Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller (en) e Cehgal mum Ethiopia Awakening.

Oo sahaa mo ngonɗen, innde Taytu Betul ina laati anndeede e italinaaɓe, e nde tawee e koŋnguɗi baaɗi no « Oo holmo naŋngiri horemum ? Laamuyanke Taytu » (Ma chi si crede di essere quella là, la regina Taitù?) Walla kadi « Omo nanndi e dono laamu Taytu », ngol ɗoo koŋngol heewi wiyeede ɗum ko debbo keewɗo koongu e dow gorko mum[23], e ngol yiite hay e nder defte sukaaɓe [22]. Taytu Betul waɗi jaloore mawnde e yeeso Italinaaɓe ko e wolde Adoua, kadi nde piggal ngal yawti, haalaluuji puɗɗi yirlaade e Itali, e ɗi mbiya wonnde debbo laamuyaŋke o itti ngoraagu soldateeɓe italinaaɓe maaynooɓe walla gaañinooɓe e wolde he [24]. Ɗiin kaaɗi e Taytu waasataa ngoni sabaabu keddagol innde makko e mbaadi makko e kawtal miijooji italinaaɓe. Natoowo italinaajo Emilio Bergamin innirii ni Taitù e hitaande 1974 daawal kaake laatingal fewneede haa jooni e 2020 he[22].

Ngasnirten ko Taytu Betul haa hannde ina mawninee hono debbo laamuyaŋke mawɗo e hooreejo mawɗo, hay sinno ni e haala ko debbo hooreejo tigi-tigi o tan o wonno, woni Ménélik II gorko makko laamuyaŋke o. Omo horsinaa no feewi kadi leñol chretien yen mo Ecopi ina annditimo sabu balle keewɗe e nguurndam makko mo o waɗani Église orthodoxe mo ecopi faade e njoɓdi hajju to Jérusalem[25]. Galle mo o inniraa ina woodi ni haa jooni e wuro teddungo ngo. Duuɓi capanɗe joy caggal saŋkaare makko, omo mawninee to  Ecopi rewneede ɗum e cente tembaruuji mawninirɗi rewɓe tedduɓe e daari haŋki ecopinaaɓe [22]. O waɗaa ko e sara  Zewditou, lomtiinooɗomo o,  laamuyaŋke Hélène, laamuyaŋke Mentewab (en) e na wondee reine de Saba[22].




#Article 77: Mame Diarra Bousso (108 words)


Sokhna Maama Diarra Ɓousso jibinaa koy hitaande 1833, o mayi ko hitaade 1866.Ko kanko wonno tataɓel ceerno Momar Anta Sali Mbacke.Sokhna Maama Diarra Bousso jibini Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba,ceerno mawdo e nder diine Islam e coosdo laawol Mourid. 

Ko deɓɓo gitanaa ndo gedal no feewi e laawol Mourid. Kala hitaande Maama Diarra ene Mawnine to Porokhane , Hende Nioro e nder saare Kaolack . Ko toon ni o sanki omo yare e duubi 33 ndungus .

Ko kanko tan gooto Wonni Deɓɓo Dan mawninede  e senegaL.Clgal Mawningol Touba, Ziar mako o ne noote no fewi teenti noon e rewbe, ko mbe arrobe djouraade ngabri mako e nokudji diine goddi.




#Article 78: LONTAAD (112 words)


Kawtal Leyɗeele Winndere Keɓɓal Kuuɓtinngal Ganni tawa ko e enteernet ko Eɓɓaande yowetiinde e ballal maŋngal e sirlu. Anniiya o ko weeɓnude keɓal ɗereeji ummiiɗi e faawru ganni ndu.

Fandaare nde ko yuɓɓinde 30 miliyoŋ ɗereyol toŋnguɗi ganni Kawtal Leyɗeele.

Faawru ndu sosa ko gila Kawtal ngal jibinaa.Gila 1919 ha hitaande 1946 golle Kawtal Leyɗeele Winndere nde ina toŋngi e ko moofti e nder faawru ganni ndu.

Pelle tati tambi golle ɗee. Fedde yuɓɓinoore kayitaaji itta ko jeyaako heen fof.  Fedde wattoore ɗereeji ɗi e nder ordinateer.Fedde facciroore ko jibinaa e oridnateer.

Faandaare mawnde golle ɗee ko weeɓnude keɓal ganni Kawtal Leyɗeele Winndere nde tawo a seertaani e ordinateer  ma e enteernet.




#Total Article count: 78
#Total Word count: 44099